UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group

1/11/05 The Open Group 1

UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group


UNIX® 03

A Status Update From The Open Group

http://www.unix.org

UNIX is a registered Trademark of The Open Group


Agenda

q The Single UNIX® Specification

q New features of UNIX 03

q UNIX 03 Certification

q UNIX 03 Product Standards

q UNIX 03 Internet Server


The UNIX® Operating System

q Continual development over the last thirty yearsq Deployed in millions of installations on nearly every

hardware platform q A reputation of stability and scalabilityq Continued innovation as new technologies assimilatedq The popular choice for the internetq Mature, Standardized and Start-of-the-Art


UNIX® Past Perceptions

q Uncompromisingq Command line interface required technical competenceq Command line syntax not intuitiveq Interface unfriendlyq Security often nonexistent

q Today, these perceptions are only of historical interest.


UNIX® Present

q A Standard and stable definition of the core application programming environment - the Standard Base§ The Single UNIX Specification

q Graphical User Interface§ The Common Desktop Environment

q The internet server of choiceq Clustering and other high availability innovations

available today


UNIX Present

Trade Mark

Specification Product

Technology

UNIX


The Single UNIX Specification

q A single set of APIs supported by every UNIX system.

q Shifted the focus from incompatible UNIX system product implementations to compliance to a single set of APIs.

q If an OS meets the specification and commonly available applications run on it, then it is open.


The Value of Standards (Cont’d)

q Today, all the major vendors have implemented the Single UNIX Specification

q The UNIX 95, UNIX 98 and UNIX 03 marks are validated using extensive tests that allow objective determination of conformance and backed up by a unique vendor guarantee –§ The Open Brand


The Open Brand

q Operates under trademark law

q Designates products that are guaranteed to conform to open systems specifications

q A vendor guarantees that any non compliances will be fixed within a defined time period

q http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/


The Single UNIX SpecificationX

CU

RS

ES

XS

H

XB

DXC

U

XN

S

Diagram shows Version 1 (1994) and Version 2 (1997)


The User Driven Process

The Single The Single

UNIX UNIX

SpecificationSpecification

50 Popular Applications

Formal andDefacto Standards


Application Coverage by SpecificationFor Ten Representative Applications1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

910

20 40 60 80 1000

XPG4 UNIX Extension


Formal Standards Alignment

q The Single UNIX Specification is a profile built on the foundation of international standards.§ Has a formal deference policy.§ Mandates key options from international

standards to form a rich foundation which you can depend on.


Mandated POSIX.1 Options

1003.1cThreads

1003.1bRealtime

ISO CPOSIX.1Base

No Truncate

JobControl

RestrictedChown

SavedIDs

FileSynch

MemoryProtection

MappedFiles

Thread SafeFunctions

ProcessSharedSync

Stack SizeAttribute

Stack AddrAttribute


The Single UNIX SpecificationVersion 3q Developed by the Austin Common Standards

Revision Group

q An open industry initiative to revise the core POSIX standard and the Single UNIX Specification


About the Austin Group

q Over 600 participants

q Wide industry support:§ AT&T, Fujitsu, HP, IBM, Lucent, Microsoft, Red Hat,

SGI, Siemens, Sun

§ DoD, USENIX

q Participation in the Austin Group from the open source community included:§ The Linux Standard Base, NetBSD, FreeBSD,

and many others


Scope of the revision

q Production of a single document to be adopted by multiple parties

q Minimize the number of changes required to implementations of earlier versions of the Base documents for the revision

q Limit new work items to those related to integration and consistency, resolving any conflicts

q Alignment with the ISO C 1999 standard


The Common Base Specifications

Rat

ion

ale

Sys

tem

Inte

rfac

es

Def

init

ion

s

Co

mm

and

sIEEE Std 1003.1,

ISO/IEC 9945

The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6

The Core of theSingle UNIX Specification V3


Approvals Status

q The Open Group September 12th 2001

q IEEE December 6th 2001

q ISO/IEC 9945:2002 Parts 1 thru 4, November 2002

q Published in hardcopy (3700 pages, 9kg!!), electronic and CDROM


Technical Corrigendum 1

q IEEE December 2002

q The Open Group February 2003

q 2003 Edition of Specifications published March 31st 2003§ IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition

q ISO/IEC 9945:2003 August 2003


Technical Corrigendum 2

q The Open Group December 2003

q IEEE February 2004

q 2004 Edition of Specifications to be published April 30th 2004§ IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition

q ISO Technical Corrigenda approved Sep 2004


The Single UNIX Specification V3

Rat

ion

ale

Sys

tem

Inte

rfac

es

Def

init

ion

s

Co

mm

and

s

XC

UR

SE

S


Portability Functions

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

SingleUNIX

XPG4Base

SVID3Base

AES POSIX1003.2

1003.1-90FIPS 151-2

199130

489582

390

607

1168

Single UNIX V3

1434

POSIX 1003.1-1996

1742

SingleUNIX V2


Formal Standards Alignment

q IEEE Std 1003.1, 200x Edition (POSIX.1)§ The Base Specifications Issue 6 and ISO/IEC

9945:200x are technically identical to POSIX.1, they are all the same document (word for word, a single publication)

q ISO/IEC 9899:1999, Programming Languages – C (ISO C)


Options

q Encryption

q Realtime

q Realtime Threads

q Advanced Realtime

q Advanced Realtime Threads

q Tracing

q XSI STREAMS

q Legacy


Key Changes

q Legacy and obsolescent features dropped§ Much of this was to compromise between

System V and BSD

q Job control and certain options in POSIX.1 mandated now in POSIX Base (FIPS 151-2 alignment)§ No change for the Single UNIX Specification as

already mandatory

q Corrigenda incorporated


Key Changes (Cont'd)

q XTI dropped§ Is retained as a separate specification but not

required for POSIX or UNIX conformance

q STREAMS optional§ An optional feature group for those systems

that wish to support the functionality


UNIX 03 Certification


Program Principles

q Clear and well-defined:§ certification policies

§ processes for achieving and maintaining certification

§ based on industry best practice.


Trademark License Agreement

q Vendor guarantee of conformance to specifications. § Vendor 'Warrants & Represents'

q This guarantee ensures that:§ Products conform to a specification

§ Products remain conformant throughout the life of the product’s registration

§ Any non-conformance will be fixed in a timely manner


Program Elements

ConformanceStatement

RegistrationForm

CertificationChecklist

Guide toCertification

Program

ProductStandards

Certificate CertificationRegister

TMLA

TestCampaignDefinition

Test Suites

TechicalStandard

ProblemReportingSystem

AppealsProcess

CertificationWeb site


Elements (1)

Certificationchecklist

Guide toCertification

ProgramProduct

StandardsTMLA

TechnicalStandards

ProblemReportingSystem

AppealsProcess

Well defined summarysteps to achieve

Certification

1. Fair and Objective ProblemReporting and Appeals Processes

2. Sanitized problem reports visible to allparticipants

3. Web-based database provided, withautomated workflow system for

processing requests

1.Requirementsseparated into logical

units.

2.Includes lists ofindicators ofcompliance.

3.Drawn fromTechnical Standards

Detailed TechnicalRequirements

Detailed Guide withthe How To get

certified information

Supplier warranty throughThe Open Brand Trademark

License Agreement

Well definedCertification Policies

Based on industrycertification best practices


Elements (2)

RegistrationForm

TestCampaignDefinition

Test Suites

1. Extensive test coverage

2. Modular test suitearchitecture

Form with details of theproduct to be registed

Definition of testcampaign to be used for

certification


Elements (3)

ConformanceStatementCertificate

CertificationRegister

Additional documentaryevidence provided by

Conformance Statements

Certificate issued foreach registered product

Public register ofcertified products

CertificationWeb site

1. Provides all certificationinformation at a single

location

2. Structured to assistworkflow

3. Useful for suppliers andprocurers


Certification Process - Roles

q Specification Authority§ Specification owner – responsible for

developing, maintaining and interpreting the specification(s)

q Certification Authority (CA)§ Manages the day-to-day operations of the

certification program§ Ensures quality, fairness and integrity

q Test Suite Maintenance Authority (TSMA)§ Maintain the test suites


Certification Process (1)

Supplier completes ConformanceStatement Questionnaire

ConformanceStatement

RegistraionForm

CertificationAgreements

(signed)

Supplier applies for certification

Supplier performsdevelopment & QA testing

Supplier becomes familiarwith requirements of

program

CSQCertificationPolicy

CertificationAgreements

ProductStandards

Supplier obtains test suite

Guide to theProgram

TestCampaignDefiniton

B

A

C

Supplier may contactCA with questions

TMLA

TMLA(signed)


Certification Process (2)

CA checks ApplicationPackage, confirms Test

Campaign

Supplier performs formal testing

CA audits certificationinformation

Testresults

CA enters product into Certification Register

ConformanceRequirements

not met

Testingproblem

Certificate

CertificationRegister

Source ofproblem?

Problem withConformance

Statement

B

Audit successful

A

C

Problem withApplication

Applicant may holdback publication for

period of time


Product Standards

q Define the Conformance Requirements§ Define what a conforming product must do to

be compliant§ Also defines what it must not do to be

considered compliant

§ Separate document for each product type or grouping of functionality§ Provides mapping between products and

Technical Standards and other referenced specifications

q Define the testing requirements


Specifications vs Product Standards

1003.1-2003Base

POSIX® Systems

UNIX 03

C LanguageV2

InternationalizedTerminalInterfaces

CommandsAnd

Utilities V4

XSI Extensions

(mandatory)POSIX Shell

& Utilities

XSI Option Groups

ISO C 99

(mandatory)POSIX C API

X/Open Curses

1003.1 OptionsInternationalized

System CallsAnd Libraries V3POSIX2 UPE

POSIX2 Localedef

Pthreads

Mapped Files

Realtime Realtime Threads

Memory Protection

Encryption Legacy

UNIX® Systems


UNIX 03 Product Standards

q UNIX 03 - the mark for systems conforming to Version 3 of the Single UNIX Specification

q UNIX 03 - “the standard base”

q UNIX 03 Server§ UNIX 03 plus Internet Server capabilities

§ Adds interoperability services to the UNIX 03 APIs in support of internet/intranet services


UNIX 03 Product Standards (1)

q Organized as a hierarchyq UNIX 03 § Top-level foundation product standard§ Four constituent product standards organized

by subject area§ Internationalized System Interfaces Extended

V3§ Commands & Utilities V4§ C Language V2§ Internationalized Terminal Interfaces


UNIX 03 “the standard base”

q There are four constituents to the base§ Internationalized System Interfaces Extended V3§ A rich set of system interfaces mandating key

options in the common specifications§ Commands and Utilities V4§ Mandates key options from the common

specifications

§ C Language V2§ Internationalized Terminal Interfaces


UNIX 03 Server

q Builds on the Base foundation.q Captures existing de-facto practice.q Includes a platform-independent Internet Server Product

Standard.q Additional functionality over existing UNIX 03 Product

standard includes:§ The Internet Protocol Suite, including IPv6.§ Java Support.§ Internet capabilities to support network clients.

Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc.


UNIX 03 Server - Internet Services

OSI Model

Sockets XTI RPC

TCP UDP

IPv4

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Telnet Ftp NFS Http DNS Lpd Smtp

bootp dhcp tftpicmp

DOD Model

Application

Internet

NetworkAccess

Hostto

Host

EthernetToken Ring

Other

WebNFSPOP3 IMAP4NTP LDAP SNMP

IPv6

ssh


UNIX 03 Certification

q Product Standards§ http://www.unix.org/unix03.html

q The Open Brand Certification Program§ http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/

§ http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/register/

§ http://www.opengroup.org/openbrand/testing/checklist/


UNIX 03 Testing

q Certification is backed by an extensive set of tests

q Used by vendors to demonstrate conformance as part of formal certification

q A family of tests available for UNIX 03§ Known as Westwood

§ Modular test suites

§ Covers mandatory features and key options§ http://www.opengroup.org/testing/info/Westwood_datasheet.html


UNIX 03 Test Suites

Test Environment Toolkit

VSXgen - Generic test suite layer

VSX4Core OS

VSX5C99,LFS,MSE

VSTHpthreads

VSUUNIX Extensions

VSRTRealtime

VSCShell& Utilities

VSTRCTracing

VSRTE

VSART


UNIX 03 Test Suites (mandatory)

Test Environment Toolkit

VSXgen - Generic test suite layer

VSX4Core OS

VSX5C99,LFS,MSE

VSTHpthreads

VSUUNIX Extensions

VSCShell& Utilities

VSART Reader/ Writer Locks Tests


Where to Obtain the Specification?

q The html version is online at§ http://www.UNIX.org/version3

q PDF either electronically or on CDROM can be ordered from http://www.opengroup.org/pubs/catalog/un.htm§ The PDF is free to members of The Open Group

q Available also on CDROM with The Authorized Guide to the Single UNIX Specification Version 3 and the latest edition of the UNIX Internationalization Guide

UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group

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