UNIVERZITET MEDITERAN.docx

7/23/2019 UNIVERZITET MEDITERAN.docx

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UNIVERZITET MEDITERAN

FAKULTET ZA STRANE JEZIKE

Fikret Pepić

Passive in English language

Predmet: Savremeni en!e"ki #e$ik St%dent: Fikret Pepić S &'(&)Ment*r: Pr*+, dr Smi!#ka St*#an*vić Sm#er: En!e"ki #e$ik i kn#i-evn*"t

P*d*ri.a

J%!/ 01&2

1



SADR3AJ

1. Ap"trakt , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , '

2. Uv*d , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , )3. Up*tre4a pa"iva , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 5

',& 6ra7en#e pa"iva , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 8

',0, Li"ta Pre!a$ni9 !a*!a % pa"iv% , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

',', Li"ta +ra$a!ni9 !a*!a % pa"iv% , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;

4. <4!i.i pa"iva , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , &1

),& = IN6 i In+initivni *4!i.i , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , &&

),0, >AVE(6ET ? <@JET ? PASRTIIPLE , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , &0

),' Pre!ed Pa"iva % *dn*"% na Aktiv p* vremenima , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , &'

5. Pa"iv ka* di* akadame"k* en!e"k* #e$ika , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , &5

6 LiBni i @e$!iBni Pa"iv C Per"*na! and Imper"*na! Pa""ive , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , &;

7. Prim#eri pa"iva % kni$i Windows of the mind ,, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,00

8. Zak!#%Bak , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 0'

9. Literat%ra , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 02

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1 APSTRAKT

<va# rad "e 4avi i$tra-ivan#em pa"iva/ n#e*vim p*d#e!ama/ %p*tre4*m i n#e*vim "v*#"tva,Pa"iv #e % En!e"k*m #e$ik% de+ini"an ka* ramatiBka "tr%kt%ra k*#a "tav!#a na!a"ak na radn#%,

U pa"iv% #e vri*. radn#e nep*$nat i!i neva-an, Ukratk*/ pa"iv % en!e"k*m #e$ik% p*ka$%#e da"e radn#a vri nad "%4#ekt*m/ I da "am* pre!a$ni !a*!i m*% imati pa"ivni *4!ik, U!avn*m/ pa"ivne *4!ike k*ri"tim* $4* +!ek"i4i!n*"ti +*rmiran#a reBeniBni9 "tr%kt%ra i$me7% pa"iva iaktiva/ " tim t* % pi"an#% aktivne reBeni.e "na-ni#e d#e!%#% na Bita*.e *d pa"ivni9, U *v*m rad%/% %v*d% #e ri#eB * *pt*# %p*tre4i pa"iva/ i $at* a % *dre7enim "it%a.i#ama k*ri"tim*, U"!edećem p*!av!#% "e radi * deta!#ni#*# %p*tre4i pa"iva "a *dre7enim ramati.kimk*n"tr%k.i#ama/ i k*#i "% t* !a*!i k*#i "e na#Beće p*#av!#%#% % pa"iv%, U !avi ) %rad#en #e*"vrt na pa"ivne *4!ike "a m*da!nim !a*!ima, D*"ta .e"t*/ % akadem"k*m pi"an#% ne $e!im*da "e +*k%"iram* na t* k* vri radn#%/ ve. na *n* k*#i #e d*-iv!#ava, Zat* #e pa"iv #ak* k*ri"tan% akadem"k*m pi"an#% #er d*$v*!#ava pi".ima da na!a"e na#va-ni#e %.e"nike i!i d*ad#a#e %

reBeni.i "tav!#a#%ći i9 na p*Betk% re.eni.e,Ključne riječi: pa"iv/ aktiiv/ m*da!ni !a*!i/ "%4#ekat/ *4#ekat

A@STRAT

Pa""ive in t9e En!i"9 !an%ae i" de+ined a" a rammati.a! "tr%.t%re t9at p%t" t9e emp9a"i" *na.ti*n, In t9e pa""ive t9e d*er *+ t9e a.ti*n i" %nkn*n *r irre!evant, In "9*rt/ t9e pa""ive v*i.ein En!i"9 !an%ae indi.ate" t9at t9e a.ti*n i" d*ne *ver t9e "%4#e.t/ and t9at *n!G tran"itivever4" .an 9ave a pa""ive, 6enera!!G/ e %"e pa""ive +*rm" 4e.a%"e *+ t9e +!eHi4i!itG *+ t9e+*rmati*n *+ "enten.e "tr%.t%re" 4eteen pa""ive and a.tive/ eH.ept t9at in ritin t9e a.tive"enten.e" 9ave m*re in+!%en.e *n t9e reader" t9an pa""ive *ne", In t9i" t9e"i"/ in t9eintr*d%.ti*n t9e *rd i" a4*%t enera! %"e *+ pa""i.e/ and 9G d* e %"e it in .ertain "it%ati*n",T9e neHt .9apter i" a m*re detai!ed %"e *+ pa""ive it9 "*me rammati.a! "tr%.t%re"/ and 9atare t9e ver4" t9at *..%r m*"t *+ten in t9e pa""ive v*i.e, In t9e .9apter ) i" d*ne a revie *+ t9e pa""ive +*rm" it9 m*da! ver4", %ite *+ten/ in a.ademi. ritin e d* n*t ant t* +*.%" *n9* i" d*in t9e a.ti*n/ 4%t t9e *ne 9* i" eHperien.in it, T9at i" 9G pa""ive in a.ademi.ritin i" verG %"e+%!!/ 4e.a%"e it a!!*" riter" t* 9i9!i9t t9e m*"t imp*rtant parti.ipant" int9e "enten.e *r event" p%ttin t9em in t9e 4eini *+ t9e "enten.e",

Key words: pa""ive/ a.tive/ m*da! ver4"/ "%4#e.t/ *4#e.t

3



2 UV<D

Pa"ivne *4!ike k*ri"tim* $4* "ti!a i #a"n*.e/ ka* i $4* $naBen#a, U!avn*m/ pravi!a +*rmiran#a pa"iva "% #a"na/ a!i p*tre4n* #e i"ta.i da "e *dre7ene ri#e.i I "tr%kt%re ne m*% k*ri"titi % pa"iv%,Ra$!ika i$me7% pa"iva i aktiva *dn*"i "e "am* na reBeni.e % k*#ima #e !a*! pre!a$an, Ra$!ikai$me7% aktiva i pa"iva %k!#%B%#e i !a*!"k% +ra$% ka* i k!a%$% % .#e!ini, U !a*!"k*# +ra$i/ pa"ivd*da#e *4!ik p*m*ćn* !a*!a 4e praćen "a na"tavk*m ed parti.ipa, Na prim#er:

Kisses is kissed

Has kisses has been kissed

May be kissing may be being kissed

U reBeni.ama % k*#ima p*"t*#i i$4*r i$me7% pa"iva i aktiva/ aktiv i"p%n#ava n*rm%, 6*v*rni.i i!i pi".i k*ri"te pa"iv i$ "!edeći9 ra$!*a, U "!edećim prim#erima/ ima#te % vid% da "e m*-e primi#eniti vie *d #edn* ra$!*a, Ra$!*$i &) i!%"tr%#% %p*tre4% pa"iva 4e$ aen"a 4G p9ra"e/k*#a "e *4i.n* i$*"tav!#a:

&, Ne $na#% identitet aen"a ak.i#e,ManG !i+e4*at" were launched +r*m t9e Titani. *n!G part!G +i!!ed,

0, 3e!e da i$4#en% identi+ik*van#e vri*.a #er ne -e!e da d*di#e!e i!i pri9vate *d*v*rn*"t,

MG !etter has n*t Get been answered.

', <"#e.a#% da nema p*tre4e da "e "p*mene vri*. #er #e identi+ika.i#a nep*tre4na i!i #e*Bi!edna i$ k*ntek"ta,

T9e "ma!! t9in pie.e" *+ meta! at t9e "ide" are t* pr*te.t t9e app!ian.e d%rin 9and!inand may be discarded.

N*adaG" "!eepin "i.kne"" can %"%a!!G be cured i+ it is detected ear!G en*%9,

), U na%Bn*m pi"an#%/ pi".i Be"t* k*ri"te pa"iv da i$4#en% k*n"tantn* p*nav!#an#e "%4#ektaI i!i e i da "tave na!a"ak na pr*.e", <vakva %p*tre4a pa"iva p*ma-e da "e pi"an#%da *4#ektivan t*n k*#i pi".i -e!e da prene"%,

4



T9e "%4#e.t was blindfolded and a pen.i! was placed in t9e !e+t 9and,2, Da na!a"e vri*.a ak.i#e:5, Da i$4#en% *n* t* 4i % "%pr*tn*m 4i!* d%aBak aktivni "%4#ekat:8, Da $adr-e i"ti "%4#ekat % d%*# reBeni.i,

S!edeća reBeni.a p*ka$%#e k*m4ina.i#% $adn#a tri ra$!*a $a %p*tre4% pa"iva,

A" a .at m*ve"/ it is keep informed *+ it" m*vement" n*t *n!G 4G it" eGe"/ 4%t a!"* 4Gme""ae" +r*m it" pad" and e!"e9ere in it" "kin/ it" *ran" *+ 4a!an.e/ and it" "en"e *ran"*+ #*int" and m%".!e",

Kada k*ri"tim* pa"iv/ m*-em* naravn* da "p*men*m* aen"a na kra#% reBeni.e k*ri"teći4G, <v* naravn* na!aava aen"a/ #er #e kra# reBeni.e va-na p*$i.i#a/ tak* da *v* Be"t*radim* kada -e!im* da "e vratim* na aen"a % "!edeć*# reBeni.i, Na prim#er:

His best friend was killed by a grenade, which exploded under his car.

The defending champion, John ritchard, was beaten by !hris "oardman.

This #iew has been challenged bya number of workers.

$. Pa"iv Be"t* k*ri"tim* % +*rma!n*m en!e"k*m #e$ik%:• Da 4i "e +*k%"ira!i na pr*4!em a ne na !#%de %k!#%Bene % i"ti C*v* #e ve*ma Be"t* %

akadem"k*m i na%Bn*m en!e"k*m :T9e re"ear.9 was carried out *ver a peri*d *+ "iH m*nt9",

• Da 4i *pi"a!i pravi!a i pr*.ed%re:Aner" must be written in ink,andidate" will be interviewed in a!p9a4eti.a! *rder,

• Da 4i *pi"a!i k*mer.i#a!ne/ ind%"tri#"ke i na%Bne pr*.e"e,Min%te" are taken and t9en submtted t* a .9air +*r appr*va!,*mp*nent" are e!e.tr*ni.a!!G tagged and transported t* t9e pr*d%.ti*n !ine,

• Da 4i *pi"a!i i"t*ri#"ke/ ek*n*m"ke i dr%tvene pr*.e"e,Tri4a! !and" were sold *ver a peri*d *+ +i+tG Gear",T9e .%rren.G has benn devalued ti.e "in.e t9e ar,

3 UP<TRE@A PASIVA

5



&, Pa"iv k*ri"tim* kada -e!im* da "tavim* +*k%" na ak.i#%, Me7%tim/ nep*$nat #e vri!a. teradn#e,

Prim#er: MG 4ike a" "t*!en,

Mo% bicikl %e ukraden.

U *rn#em prim#er% +*k%" #e na Bin#eni.i da #e m*# 4i.ik! %kraden, Me7%tim ne $nam* k* #et* %radi*,

0, Pa"iv "e na#vie k*ri"ti % En!"k*m ne* % 4i!* k*m dr%*m #e$ik%, Pri#e "vea/ k*ri"ti"e kak* 4i "e i$4#e!a ne#a"n*ća imeni.e i!i $am#eni.e % aktiv%,

Prim#er: T9e .%rrent *n t9e !ine a" "it.9ed *++, C Um#e"t*: T9eG "it.9ed *++ t9e .%rrent*n t9e !ine,

Naravn*/ *7e nemam* 4G?p9ra"e aenta,

', Pa"iv "e *4iBn* k*ri"ti "a !a*!ima say, think, belie#e, feel, expect itd, Kak* 4i i$4#e!ine#a"ne "%4#ekte C we, they, people&, kak* 4i da!i %ti"ak 4e$!iBn*"ti i *4#ektivn*"ti, <v*"e p*"e4n* deava % n*v*"tima i i$v#eta#ima i % $vaniBn*m pi"an#%,

Prim#er: >i" .*nditi*n i" "aid t* 4e .riti.a!,

<vd#e tak*7e m*$em* re.i:

It i" "aid t9at 9i" .*nditi*n i" .riti.a!,

Ipak/ toin+initive *4!ik #e %!avn*m p*-e!#ni#i % pa"iv% kad *d #e t* "tr%kt%ra!n* m*%će,

OAk* #e vri#eme % *4i#e reBeni.e i"t* *nda k*ri"tim* "adan#i in+initiv Cpre"ent in+initive

Prim#er: >i" .*nditi*n i" "aid t* 4e .riti.a!,

>i" .*nditi*n a" "aid t* 4e .riti.a!,

), e"t* k*ri"tim* pa"iv 4e$ by +ra$e "a vri*.em radn#e/ ne $at* t* #e vri*. ne#a"na

imeni.a i!i $am#eni.a već $at* t* #e *Bi!edna i$ k*ntek"ta,

Prim#er: T9e e".aped pri"*ner a" !ater detained and taken t* t9e p*!i.e "tati*n,

2, K*ri"tim* pa"iv da pre4a.im* na!a"ak "a vri*.a na "am% ak.i#%/ ka* t* "m* vid#e!i %C'/ na#Beće "e k*ri"ti % 4e$!iBn*m *4#ektivn*m En!e"k*m/ ka* t* "% n*vin"kii$v#eta#i i!i na%Bni tek"t*vi,

6



Prim#er: Severa! Pa""ener ere prevented +r*m enterin t9e "tati*n,

5, Neki !a*!i ka* t* "% gi#e, offer, tell itd,/ %$ima#% dva *4#ekta/ indirektni *4#ekat idirektni *4#ekat,

Prim#er: T9eG 9ave iven me a .*mpanG .ar,

S *4$ir*m da #e na!a"ak *4i.n* na *"*4i .eće ne* na "tvar/ enera!n* pravim* *dindirektn* *4#ekta "%4#ekat % *v*# pa"ivn*# re.eni.i i"p*d:

I 9ave 4een iven a .*mpanG .ar,

8, M*%će #e k*ri"titi pa"iv "a in+initivima/ er%ndima i parti.ipima,

Prim#er: I ant t* p9*t*+it t* 4e "9*n in everG ne"paper, CIn+initive,

>e ran int* a t%nne! a+ter 4ein "p*tted at >amp"tead "tati*n, C6er%nd,

Qitne""e" rep*rted "eein a man 4ein !ed aaG in 9and .%++", CParti.ip!e,

, Kada k*ri"tim* +ra$a!ne !a*!e/ ka* t* "% switch off, take on, fill in itd,/ % pa"ivn*#reBeni.i/ partik%!e Coff, on, in itd, m*ra#% da "e nad#% d* !a*!a i ne m*% "e ra$dva#ati,

Prim#er: A.tiv: Qe 9ave +i!!ed a!! t9e"e +*rm" in n*,

Pa"iv: A!! t9e"e +*rm" 9ave 4een +i!!ed in n*,

',& 6ra7en#e pa"iva

Pa"iv "e radi *d p*m*ćn* !a*!a be i parti.ipa preterita !avn* !a*!a,

Da 4i "e i"tak!a ne*Bekivan*"t i!i $naBa# radn#e/ m*-e "e % *v*r%/ k*!*kvi#a!n*/ %p*tri#e4iti get

%m#e"t* be,

Kada "tvarni vri!a. radn#e *v*rnik% ni#e va-an i!i ni#e p*$nat %p*tri#e4iće "e pa"ivnak*n"tr%k.i#a/ % k*#*# "e predmet radn#e #av!#a % +%nk.i#i "%4#ekta/ a vri!a. "e neće "p*men%ti,

Prim#er: I was invited t* a partG,

Kad *v*rnik -e!i da ime vri*.a radn#e p*m#eri na kra# reBeni.e/ ka* n*v p*datak % "v*mka$ivan#%/ %p*tri#e4iće pa"iv "a by: I was invited 4G mG +riend",

7



Pa"iv "e m*-e raditi i *d nepre!a$n* !a*!a p*d %"!*v*m da #e %p*tri#e4!#en pred!* p*"!i#e n#ea i da radn#a %p*tri#e4!#en* !a*!a d*v*di d* pr*m#ene:

This bed hasn’t been slept in. U *v*m krevet% ni#e "e "pava!*,

',& LISTA PRELAZNI> 6LA6<LA U PASIVU

S!edeći pre!a$ni !a*!i "e na#Beće k*ri"te % pa"iv%:

@e a..!aimed

@e a!!eed

@e anni9i!ated

@e 4a++!ed

4e 4*rn

4e .*mpre""ed 4e .*nditi*ned

4e .*n"tr%ed

4e .*%.9ed

4e .remated

4e dea+ened

4e de4a"ed

4e deemed

@e di".*n.erted

@e d%44ed

@e dar+ed

@e earmarked

@e +ined

@e %tted@e 9eaded

@e 9*rri+ied

@e 9*"pita!i$ed

@e indi.ted

@e in%ndated

@e #ai!ed

@e me"meri$ed

@e mi"dire.ted

@e *ver.*me

@e para!G"ed

@e pena!i$ed

@e perpetrated

@e pi!!*ried@e p*p%!ated

@e pri$ed

@e p%n.t%ated

@e rati*ned

@e re.*n.i!ed

@e reprieved

@e re%nited

@e r%m*%red

@e ".9ed%!ed

@e "9ipped

@e "9ipre.ked

@e "9*rt!i"ted

@e "9r*%ded@e "ta++ed

@e "tranded

@e "tren

@e "%4"%med

@e "%"pended

@e "amped

@e *%nded

Prim#er: >e a" deemed t* 4e t9e %ardian *+ t9e .9i!d,

T9e meetin i" ".9ed%!ed +*r Fe4r%arG &),

Dr%nken airmen ere a!!eed t* 9ave rampaed t9r*%9 t9e 9*te!,

8



',0 LISTA FRAZALNI> 6LA6<LA U PASIVU

S!edeći +ra$a!ni !a*!i k*#i "e *4iBn* k*ri"te % pa"iv%:

@e 4*!ed *ver

@e .a%9t %p@e 9anded d*n

@e pen"i*ned *++

@e p!*%9ed %p@e rained *++

@e ".a!ed d*n

@e "tr%.k *++ @e "*rn *++

@e taken a4a.k

@e ritten int*

Prim#er: T9eG ere 4*!ed *ver 4G t9e n%m4er *+ vi"it*r" 9* .ame t* t9e "9*,

T9e #*%rna!i"t ere taken a4a.k 4t t9e +er*.itG *+ t9e !an%ae,

4 <@LII PASIVA

9



Pa"ivn% +*rm% !a*!a % "vim vremenima pravim* k*ri"teći 4e % *d*vara#%ćem vremen%/ p!%" parti.ip pr*!i !avn* !a*!a,

Prim#er: MG 4a was stolen, C A t9ie+ "t*!e mG 4a,

T9e m%rder is being investigated, C T9e p*!i.e are inve"tiatin t9e m%reder,

P*re7en#a aktivni9 i pa"ivni9 +*rmi:

active passive

!odal verbs: ver4 ? 4e anadian" must answer A!! t9e %e"ti*n" must be

?pa"t parti.ip!e a!! t9e %e"ti*n", answered,

T9eG have to take a te"t, A te"t has to be takenb.

!odal per"ects: ver4 ? S*me*ne might have It might have benn stolen

9ave 4een ? pa"t parti.p!e stolen it,

T9e #%rG ought to have >e ought to have been

convicted 9im, convicted.

!ulti#word verbs: Nikada T9eG took .*mpanG $ T9e .*mpanG was taken

ne *dva#am* !a*! *d partik%!a over in 011&, 4G t9em *ver in 011&,

% pa"iv%, T9e .*mpanG was taken

over C4G t9em in 011&,

make C+*r.e("ee(9ear( T9e 4**" made me I was made to work !ate,

help % in"initive: 4e?pa"t work !ate,

parti.ip!e ? t* ? in+initive I saw 9er take it. S9e was seen to take it,

let: Let 9a" n* pa""ive +*rm T9e tea.9er let %" !eave Qe were allowed&

"* e %"e a pa""ive +*rm *+ ear!G, permited&given

a!!*(permit(ive permi""i*n, permission t* !eave ear!G

10



),&, =IN6 I INFNITIVNI <@LII PASIVA

M*-em* da k*ri"tim* = ing *4!ike pa"iva/ ka* t* #e prika$an* i"p*d:

passive active

being % past participle: #ing "orm:I d*nt !ike being lied t*, I d*nt !ike pe*p!e lying t* me,

>e en#*G" being spoiled. >e en#*G" 9i" parent" spoiling 9im,

having been % past participle: per"ect 'ing "orm:

T9e dea! having been signed( e )aving signed t9e dea!/ e ent

ent *%t t* .e!e4rate, *%t t* .e!e4rate,

T9e %arter!G a..*%nt" not having *ot having "inalised t9e %ater!G

been "inalised( t9e a%dit*r" ere a..*%nt"/ t9e a%dit*r" ere

%na4!e t* pre"ent t9eir rep*rt, %na4!e t* pre"ent t9eir rep*rt,

M*-em* k*ri"titi 9avin 4een ? pa"t parti.ip!e i 4ein ? pa"t parti.ip!e da %ka-% na pr*!*"tnak*n t* *dre7eni !a*!i k*#i "% praćeni "a = ing *4!ik*m/ e,, regret, remember'

Prim#er: Qe reret not having been shown& not being shown t9e A.r*p*!i", CQe reret t9e +a.tt9at t9e t*%r %ide didnt "9* %" t9e A.r*p*!i",

I remem4er having been in"ormed&being in"ormed b about the assault. C Iremem4er t9at I a" in+*rmed a4*%t t9e a""a%!t,

11



),0, >AVE(6ET ? <@JET ? PASRTIIPLE

<va# *4ra$a. m*-em* k*ri"titi da *piem* net* t* #e nek* %radi* $a "%4#ekat, M*-em* ak*ri"titi % "vim vremenima, (et #e *4iBn* vi"e +*rma!ni#i % *dn*"% na ha#e:

Pim#er: + had the washing machine repaire Ge"terdaG, C T9e a"9in ma.9ine a" repaired 4Gan enenieer,

D* G*% get your hair done at E4*nG" C I" G*%r 9air d*ne at E4*nG"

P*"t*#i i ver$i#a % aktiv% *v* *4ra$.a "a ha#e i get k*#a $naBi p*d"taći nek* da %radi net*,

<4!ik "a ha#e #e vie Be"t % ameriBk*m en!e"k*m #e$ik%,

Ha#e ) *4#e.t ? in+initive

I had the mechanic repair mG a"9in ma.9ine,

(et )*4#e.t ? t* ? in+initive:

I i!! get the hairdresser to do mG 9air t9i" a+tern**n,

U 4ritan"k*m en!e"k*m #e$ik% m*-em* da k*ri"tim* *4ra$a. get ? *4#e.t ? t* ? in+initive "a"na-ni#im $naBen#em p*d"taći nek* da %radi net*:

A+ter a n%mer%*%" !etter" +r*m *%r "*!i.it*r e +in!a!!G got them to give %" a re+%nd,

<4ra$a. ha#e*get ? *4#e.t ? pa"t parti.ip!e m*-em* k*ri"titi ka* pa"iv da *piem* net* t* #enek* dr%i %radi* $a "%4#ekat/ %!avn*m #e t* net* nepri#atn* i!i ne*Bekivan*:

Li$ had her passport stolen, C >er pa""p*rt a" "t*!en,

J*9n got his tyres slashed 4G "*me 9**!ian", <%t *+ t9e 4!%e/ Mark had his plan approved 4G t9e 4*ard Ge"terdaG,

M*-em* da k*ri"tim* ka%$ativ i imperativ, U *v*m "!%Ba#% radn#% m*-e da vri *"*4a k*#*# "e*4raća i!i nek* dr%i:

12



)ave&,et that mess cleaned up at *n.e

M*-em* da k*ri"tim* ka%$ativ % 4%d%ćim reBeni.ama ka* nare7en#a i!i *4ećan#a, U *v*m"!%Ba#% radn#% m*-e da vri "%4#ekat reBeni.e i!i nek* dr%i:

D*nt *rrG, +’ll have the report "inished 4e+*re t9e 4*ard meetin, C I i!! d* it *r I

i!! 9ave it d*ne,

),' PRE6LED PASIVA U <DN<SU NA AKTIV P< VREMENIMA

AKTIV PASIV

Simp!ePre"ent

<n.e a eek/ T*m cleans t9e9*%"e,

<n.e a eek/ t9e 9*%"e is

cleaned 4G T*m,

Pre"ent*ntin%*%"

Ri9t n*/ Sara9 is writing t9e!etter,

Ri9t kn*/ t9e !etter is being

written 4G Sara9,

Simp!e

Pa"t

Sam repaired t9e .ar, T9e .ar was repaired 4G Sam,

Pa"t*ntin%*%"

T9e "a!e"man was helping t9e.%"t*mer 9en t9e t9ie+ .ameint* t9e "t*re,

T9e .%"t*mer was being

helped by the salesman 9ent9e t9ie+ .ame int* t9e "t*re,

Pre"entPer+e.t

ManG t*%ri"t have visited t9at.a"t!e,

T9e .a"t!e has been visited 4GmanG t*%ri"t",

Pre"entPer+e.t*ntin%*%"

Re.ent!G/ J*9n has been doingt9e *rk, Re.ent!G/ t9e *rk has beingbeen done 4G J*9n,

13



Pa"tPer+e.t

6e*re had repaired manG.ar" 4e+*re 9e re.eived 9i"me.9ani." !i.en"e,

ManG .ar" had been repaired

4G 6e*re 4e+*re 9i re.eived9i" me.9ani." !i.en"e,

Pa"tPer+e.t*ntin%*%"

9e+ J*ne" had beenpreparing t9e re"ta%rant"+anta"ti. dinner" +*r t* Gear"

4e+*re 9e m*ved t* Pari",

T9e re"ta%rantW" +anta"ti.dinner" had been being

prepared 4G 9e+ J*ne" +*rt* Gear" 4e+*re 9e m*ved t*Pari",

Simp!eF%t%rewill

S*me*ne will "inish t9e *rk 4G 2:11 PM,

T9e *rk will be "inished 4G2:11 PM,

Simp!eF%t%rebe going to

Sa!!G is going to make a 4ea%ti+%! dinner t*ni9t,

A 4ea%ti+%! dinner is going to

be made 4G Sa!!G t*ni9t,

F%t%re*ntin%*%"will

At :11 PM t*ni9t/ J*9n will

be washing t9e di"9e",At :11 PM t*ni9t/ t9e di"9e"will be being washed 4G J*9n,

F%t%re*ntin%*%"be going to

At :11 PM t*ni9t/ J*9n is

going to be washing t9edi"9e",

At :11 PM t*ni9t/ t9e di"9e"are going to be being washed

4G J*9n,

F%t%rePer+e.twill

T9eG will have completed t9e pr*#e.t 4e+*re t9e dead!ine,

T9e pr*#e.t will have been

completed 4e+*re t9e dead!ine,

F%t%rePer+e.tbe going to

T9eG are going to have

completed t9e pr*#e.t 4e+*ret9e dead!ine,

T9e pr*#e.t is going to have

been completed 4e+*re t9edead!ine,

F%t%re T9e +am*%" arti"t will have T9e m%ra! will have been

14



Per+e.t*ntin%*%"will

been painting t9e m%ra! +*r*ver "iH m*nt9" 4G t9e time iti" +ini"9ed,

being painted 4G t9e +am*%"arti"t +*r *ver "iH m*nt9" 4Gt9e time it i" +ini"9ed,

F%t%rePer+e.t*ntin%*%"be going to

T9e +am*%" arti"t is going to

have been painting t9e m%ra!+*r *ver "iH m*nt9" 4G t9e timeit i" +ini"9ed,

T9e m%ra! is going to have

been being painted 4G t9e+am*%" arti"t +*r *ver "iHm*nt9" 4G t9e time it i"+ini"9ed,

U"ed t* JerrG used to pay t9e 4i!!", T9e 4i!!" used to be paid 4GJerrG,

Q*%!dA!aG"

MG m*t9er would always

make t9e pie",T9e pie" would always be

made 4G mG m*t9er,

F%t%re int9e Pa"tWould

I kne J*9n would "inish t9e*rk 4G 2:11 PM,

I kne t9e *rk would be

"inished 4G 2:11 PM,

F%t%re in

t9e Pa"tWas (oing to

I t9*%9t Sa!!G was going to

make a 4ea%ti+%! dinnert*ni9t,

I t9*%9t a 4ea%ti+%! dinner

was going to be made 4G Sa!!Gt*ni9t,

15



5 PASIV KA< DI< AKADEMSK<6 ENE6LESK<6 JEZIKA

&, D*"ta Be"t*/ % akadem"k*m pi"an#% ne -e!im* da "e +*k%"iram* na t* k* vri radn#%/ većna *n* k*#i #e d*-iv!#ava, Zat* #e pa"iv #ak* k*ri"tan % akadem"k*m pi"an#% #erd*$v*!#ava pi".ima da na!a"e na#va-ni#e %Be"nike i!i d*a7a#e % reBeni.i "tav!#a#%ći i9 na p*Betk% re.eni.e,

U "!edećim reBeni.ama/ pa"ivna k*n"tr%k.i#a #e 4*!#a #er -e!ite da "e Bita*.i +*k%"ira#% na re$%!tatradn#e %m#e"t* na *"*4% k*#a vri radn#%,

Prim#er:

Aktiv: S.ienti"t classify !a"" a" a "*!id, ReBeni.a % pa"iv% "e +*k%"ira na t* kak* #e

Pa"iv: 6!a"" is classified a" a "*!id, "tak!* k!a"i+ik*van*/ %m#e"t* na t* k* #e

k!a"i+ik*va* "tak!*,

Aktiv: F*%r mem4er" *+ t9e n%r"in ReBeni.a % pa"iv% "e +*k%"ira na v#e-4e

"ta++ observed t9e 9anda"9in pran#a r%k% %m#e"t* na Betiri B!ana

pra.ti.e *+ "ta++ d%rin *"*4!#a,

r*"tered "9i+t",Pa"iv: T9e 9anda"9in pra.ti.e"

*+ "ta++ ere *4"erved 4G

+*%r mem4er" *+ n%r"in "ta++

%rin r*"tered "9i+t",

0, Zatim/ % akadem"k*m pi"an#% Be"t* #e *Bi!edn* i!i neva-n* k* #e vri!a. radn#e %

reBeni.i/ " t*a #e pa"iv ve*ma k*ri"tan $a prav!#en#e reBeni.a *v* tipa, T* #e %#edn* InaBin da "e i$4#ene %p*tre4a !iBni9 $am#eni.a:

16



Prim#er:

<ne tGpe *+ *rk r*%p/ t9e "emia%t*n*m*%" *rk r*%p/ is discussed in a

"e.ti*n !ater in t9i" .9apter,

<Bei!edn* #e da #ea%t*r ta# k*#i će

di"k%t*vati,

T9e r*%p was designed t* !a"t +*r *n!G t9e!i+etime *+ a parti.%!ar pr*#e.t,

ita*.% #e neva-n*k*#e i$vri*imen*van#e,

T9e 9anda"9in pra.ti.e" *+ "ta++ were

observed 4G ) mem4er" *+ t9e n%r"in "ta++ d%rin r*"tered "9i+t", >anda"9in/ *r+ai!%re t* 9anda"9/ +*!!*in patient.*nta.t was recorded , Leavin t9e area

it9*%t 9anda"9in wasconsidered +ai!%re t* a"9,

Up*tri#e4!#en #e pa"iv da 4i "ei$4#e!* p*nav!#an#enap*mene već p*$nat*m vri*.%

radn#e

T9e n%m4er *+ "eed" +*%nd in antne"t" ere .*%nted,

Pa"iv namd*$v*!#ava dai$4#enem*k*rićen#e$am#eni.eC X4G %",

', e"t* % akadem"k*m pi"an#% m*-e da 4%de "vr"i"9*dn* kada k*ri"tim* pa"iv dai$4#enem* imen*van#e vri*.a radn#e tak* da $naBen#e tek"ta 4%de man#ek*mp!ik*van*, P*!eda#m* "!edeći i"#eBak:

In t9i" ide*!*G t9e ar%ment %"ed t* "%"tain Identitet vri*.a % *v*m

t9e "%4#%ati*n *+ *men 9a" !are!G re"ted tek"t% "e m*-e interpretirati

*n premi"e" a4*%t 4i*!*i.a! di++eren.e t9e ka* dr%tv*/ d*minantne

4i*!*i.a! di++eren.e" 4eteen men and *men dr%tvene paradime

have been used t* !eitimate 9ierar.9i.a! m%kara.a

"tr%.t%re" *+ "*.ia! ine%a!itG, Q*men/ 4e.a%"e

*+ t9eir 4i*!*i.a! +%n.ti*n a" .9i!d 4earer"/

9ave 4een traditi*na!!G .*n+ined t* t9e d*me"ti.

"p9ere and eH.!%ded +r*m t9e *r!d W*%t t9ereW,

17



Ak* 4i"m* % *v*m tek"t% %p*ti#e4i!i AKTIV pr*mi#eni* 4i "e t*n ka* i p*r%ka k*#% n*"i,

Pa"iv: Aktiv:

In t9i" ide*!*G t9e ar%ment %"ed t* In t9i" ide*!*G t9e ar%ment %"ed t* "%"tain t9e "%4#%ati*n *+ *men 9a" "%"tain t9e "%4#%ati*n *+ *men 9a"

!are!G re"ted *n premi"e" a4*%t !are!G re"ted *n premi"e" a4*%t

4i*!*i.a! di++eren.e t9e 4i*!*i.a! 4i*!*i.a! di++eren.e = society has

di++eren.e" 4eteen men and *men used t9e 4i*!*i.a! di++eren.e"

have been used t* !eitimate 9ierar.9i.a! 4eteen men and *men t* !eitimate

"tr%.t%re" *+ "*.ia! ine%a!itG, Q*men/ 9ierar.9ia! "tr%.t%re" *+ "*.ia!

4e.a%"e *+ t9eir 4i*!*i.a! +%n.ti*n a" ine%a!itG, Society has traditi*na!!G.9i!d 4earer"/ have been traditi*na!!G confined *men/ 4e.a%"e *+ t9eir

confined t* t9e d*me"ti. "p9ere and 4i*!*i.a! +%n.ti*n a" a .9i!d

eH.!%ded +r*m t9e *r!d W*%t t9ereW, 4earer"/ t* t9e d*me"ti. "p9ere

and excluded the +r*m t9e *r!d

*%t t9ere,

Tek"t % aktiv% "e +*k%"ira na vri*.e radn#e/ % *v*m "!%Ba#% dr%tv*/ %m#e"t* -ene im%kar.i/ !#%di "% d#e!*va!i radn#ama dr%i9, T*n tek"ta #e tak*7e vie p*!itiBki i *"%7%#%ći/

Society has ! confied woen! and exluded the"

%m#e"t* da 4%de *pi"%#%ći i *4ra$!*-ava#%ći,

18



6 P<DJELA PASIVA NA LINI I @EZLINI C PERS<NAL AND IMPERS<NAL

Kada *4#ekat aktivne reBeni.e "tavim* % pa"iv *n a%t*mat"ki p*"ta#e "%4#ekat pa"ivne reBeni.e,Tak* da "vaki !a*! k*#i tre4a *4#ekat Cpre!a$ni !a*! m*-e da tv*ri !iBni pa"iv,

Yt* "e tiBe 4e$!iBn* pa"iva *n ni#e t*!ik* Be"t % En!e"k*m #e$ik% ka* % nekim dr%im ka* t*"e N#emaBki/ Latin"ki itd, @e$!iBni pa"iv #e m*%ć "am* "a !a*!ima per.ep.i#e C say, think,know.&

• Prim#eri mi#en#an#a aktiva % pa"iv C !iBni i 4e$!iBni p* vremenima:

&, Pre"ent:

Pe*p!e .!aim t9at M*na Li"a i" t9e m*"t +am*%" paintin in t9e *r!d,

Prv* p*"matram* vri#eme !a*!a, U *v*m "!%Ba#% imam* .!aim % Simp!e Pre"nt% i i"

tak*7e % Simp!e Pre"ent%, M*%će #e napraviti dvi#e pa"ivne k*n"tr%k.i#e:

• Imper"*na! C4e$!iBni pa"iv:

Stav!#am* it na m#e"t* "%4#ekta, Pravim* pa"iv % prv*m !a*!%/ a *"tatak reBeni.e "e nemi#en#a,

It i" .!aimed t9at M*na Li"a i" t9e m*"t +am*%" paintin in t9e *r!d,

• Per"*na! C!iBni pa"iv:

Dr%i "%4#ekat k*ri"tim* ka* S%4#ekat $a pa"ivn% re.eni.%, P*m*ć% prv* !a*!a pravim*n*rma!ni pa"iv, Kada #e dr%i !a*! % Simp!e Pre"ent% i!i Simp!e F%t%r%/ d*da#em* in+initive? t* :

T9e M*na Li"a i" .!aimed t* 4e t9e m*"t +am*%" paintin in t9e *r!d,

0, Pre"ent *ntin%*%":

T9eG t9ink "9e i" ritin a 4**k,

• @e$!iBni pa"iv: It i" t9*%9t "9e i" ritin a 4**k,

19



• LiBni pa"iv: S9e i" t9*%9t t* 4e ritin a 4**k,

',Pre"ent Per+e.t:

T9eG t9ink "9e 9a" ritten a 4**k,• LiBni pa"iv: S9e i" t9*%9t t* 9ave ritten a 4**k,

),Pa"t:

T9eG t9ink t9at G*% !ived in L*nd*n,

• @e$!iBni pa"iv: S#etim* "e da it k*ri"tim* ka* "%4#ekat i da prvi !a*! mi#en#am* % pa"iv, <"tatak reBeni.e "e ne mi#en#a,

It" t9*%9t t9at G*% !ive in L*nd*n,

• LiBni pa"iv: P*t* #e dr%i !a*! % Pa"t Ten"e%/ mi#en#am* a % Per+e.t In+initivet* 9ave !ived,

*% are t9*%9t t* 9ave !ived in L*nd*n,

2,Pa"t *ntin%*%":

Pe*p!e t9ink t9at t9e *vernment a" 4%i!din ne ".9**!",

• @e$!iBni pa"iv: It" t9*%9t t9at t9e *vernment a" 4%i!din ne ".9**!",• LiBni pa"iv: Znam* da dr%i "%4#ekat k*ri"tim* ka* !avni i mi#en#am* prvi !a*!

% pa"iv, Mi#en#am* Pr*re""ive pa"t % Pr*re""ive per+e.t in+initive, t* 9ave 4een 4%i!din,

T9e *vernment i" t9*%9t t* 9ave 4een 4%i!din ne 9i9 ".9**!",

5,Pa"t Per+e.t:

<v* vri#eme k*ri"ti i"ti *4r$a. ka* i Simp!e Pa"t/ #er "% *4a $ap*Be!a % pr*"!*"ti i $avri!i % pr*!*"ti/ tak* da "e ne deava#% % "adan#*"ti,

T9eG t9ink t9at G*% 9ave !ived in L*nd*n,

• @e$!iBni pa"iv: It i" t9*%9t t9at G*% 9ad !ived in L*nd*n,• LiBni pa"iv: *% are t9*%9t t* 9ave !ived in L*nd*n,

8,F%t%re:

T9eG 4e!ieve t9at t9e +a.t*rG i!! make t9e pr*+it "**n,

• @e$!iBni pa"iv: It" 4e!ieved t9at t9e +a.t*rG i!! make pr*+it "**n,

20



• LiBni pa"iv: K*ri"tim* dr%i "%4#ekat i mi#en#am* prvi !a*! % pa"iv, Kada #e dr%i!a*! % pa"iv% a tak*7e % Simp!e Pre"ent% i!i % Simp!e F%t%re/ mi#en#am* m% *4!ik% t* In+initive: T9e +a.t*rG i" 4e!ieved t* make pr*+it "**n,

,FUTURE PERFET: T9eG "aG t9at 9e i!! 9ave de!ivered a!! t9e ne"paper" 4G *.!*.k,

• @e$!iBni pa"iv: It i" "aid t9at 9e i!! 9ave de!ivered a!!X• LiBni pa"iv: <v* vri#eme prati i"ti *4ra$a. ka* I Pre"ent Per+e.t:

>e i" "aid t* 9ave de!ivered a!! t9e ne"paper" 4G *.!*.k, <n* "t*ra$!ik%#e F%t%re Per+e.t *d Pre"ent Per+e.ta "% vremen"ki i$ra$i,

# PRIMJERI PASIVA U KNJIZI $indows of the ind

21



S!edeći prim#eri k*#i "% i$v%Beni i$ kn#ie Winodows of the mind na#4*!#e i!%"tr%#% %p*tre4% pa"iva % ra$!i.itim ramatiBkim "tr%kt%rama,

-bject % modal verb % be

It *%!d 4e 4*%9t 4GX

It *%!d 4e "*!d everG9ereX

S*%p .*%!d a!aG" 4e depended *nX

*!4ert *%!d 4e neededX

>e *%!d 4e paidX

Past particple in"lections:

It a" eHpe.tedX

Vine$ard a" n* *ned 4G >appimartX

T9e ine a" .*mp!ete!G %nder 9i" .*ntr*!X

Areement a" "inedX

T9e d*.t*r a" .a!!edX

%ave & be & 'ast 'artici'le inflection

N%mer*%" eHamp!e" *+ ine 9e 9ad pa""ed 9i" !ip"X

>e 9ad 4een invitedX

>ad 4een kn*.ked *%tX

TaHG 9ad n*t 4enn damaedX

8 ZAKLJUAK

22



Pa"iv "pade % "tan#e i!i r*d !a*!a Bime "e *$naBava #edna i"ta radn#a i$ ra$!iBiti9 per"pektiva/ne$avi"n* #e !i % pitan#% pa"iv i!i aktiv, Aktiv ka* "%pr*tn*"t pa"iv% Bini "tan#e !a*!a % k*me "ei$ra-ava:

Prim#er: >i" "i"ter a" pr*mi"ed a ne pr*m*ti*n at 9er *rk,

Uk*!ik* "e *va reBeni.a pred"tavi pa"iv*m *nda d*4i#am* "!edeć% "tr%kt%r%:

A ne pr*m*ti*n a" pr*mi"ed t* 9i" "i"ter, Cak "e m*$e d*dati k*n"tr%k.i#a 4G 9er*rk/ at 9er *rk/ $avi"n* *d re.eni.e,

K*d aktivn* "tan#a/ dak!e/ "%4#ekat "e ne m*-e pred"taviti ka* pa"ivna k*n"tr%k.i#a i!i pa"ivnitip kada "% % pitan#% !a*!i,

Prim#er: >er 9%"4and pr*mi"ed 9er a ne 4**k"9e!+,

>er 9%"4and "%4#ekat[ pr*mi"ed predikat i!i !a*![ 9erI<[ 4**k"9e!+D<

Pa"ivna k*n"tr%k.i#a "e m*-e *"tvariti i *d D< Cdirektn* *4#ekta i I< Cindirektn* *4#ekta,

Prim#er: A ne 4**k"9e!+ a" pr*mi"ed t* 9er,

S9e a" pr*mi"ed a ne 4**k"9e!+,

K*m4ina.i#a m*da!n*"ti a"pekta i pa"iva

&,M*da!ni pa"iv ( 4%d%ći pa"iv Ci!! ( i!! 4e .*n"idered0,M*da!ni 4%d%ći per+ektni pa"iv Ci!! ( *%!d 9ave 4een t9a%9t

Yt* "e tiBe prve p*d#e!e/ pre$ent pa"iva "e m*-e pred"taviti prim#er*m is considered / preteritwas thaught itd/ itdX

S%4#ekat pa"iva m*% p*"tati D< i I</ kada #e D< "%4#ekat I< d*4i#a pred!* to $a *4ra$*van#ek*n"tr%k.i#e i "%4#ekat m*% p*"tati !a*!"ki *4!i.i "a direktnim i pred!*kim *4#ekt*m,

Prim#er: S9e i!! take .are *+ me,

are i!! 4e taken *+ me,

I i!! 4e taken .are *+,

Pa"iv k*ri"tim* kada -e!im* da "tavim* ak.enat na *4#ekat kada #e vri!a. radn#e nep*$nat i!i "e-e!i i$4#eći i$ *dr7eni9 ra$!*a/ kada #e nep*$nat i!i kada #e d%aBak, Neki "% !a*!i "am* "aaktivnim *4!ik*m nepre!a$ni/ m*da!ni/ k*p%!ativni/ p*vratni/ a neki "% !a*!i "am* "a pa"ivnim*4!ik*m,

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Pri#er: I a" 4*rn in P*d*ri.a,

Neki !a*!i "% i pre!a$ni i nepre!a$ni pa #e: 9e p!aGed vi*!in ( t9e vi*!in p!aGed

entra!ni pa"iv #e "a 4G p9ra"e CT9e m%"i. a" re.*rded 4G FikiPeri+erni pa"iv "e di#e!i na: p*!%pa"iv/ p"e%d*pa"iv i p*#m*vni pa"iv,

P"e%d*pa"iv #e *4!ik k*#i ima "am* prid#ev"k% vri#edn*"t: T9e 4%i!din i" dem*!i"9ed,

P*#m*vni pa"iv #e "a nepre!a$nim !a*!ima: T9e .!*.k ind" %p at t9e 4a.k,

9 LITERATURA

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Mi9ai!*vić L#, C&;;5,+potreba pasi#nih glagolskih oblika u sa#remenom engleskom %eiku.Fi!*!*ki +ak%!tet Univer$iteta % @e*rad%

6reen4a%m S, \ %irk R, = - students grammar of the /nglish language L*nman

Lei" R, = - communicati#e grammar course for +pper 0ntermediate and -d#anced students.anter4%rG 9ri"t 9%r.9 Univer"itG

*!!in" p%4!i"9er" = !122034 !1"+025 /3(204H (6-MM-6. T9e Univer"itG *+@irmin9am

F*!eG M, \ >a!! D, = -d#anced 2earners (rammar, - self7study reference 8 practice bookwith answers. L*nman

dr >!e4e. @, = 4T-35-6530 464K17/3(2/4K0 6/930K 4- /3(2/4K1M 0 464K1M(6-M-T0K1M. Zav*d $a %d$4enike @e*rad

Nata!ia N*rte Fernande$ = ersonal and 0mpersonal passi#e

@rennan F, Windows of the mind am4ride Univer"itG Pre""

,en!i"9pae,.*m

%ni!earnin,%*,ed%,a%(

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http://www.englishpage.com/

http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/

http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/

http://www.englishpage.com/

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