University of São Paulo, ESALQ - CBD · University of São Paulo, ESALQ Capacity-building workshop...
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Experience in restoration from Brazil Pedro Brancalion University of São Paulo, ESALQ Capacity-building workshop for South East Asia on ecosystem conservation and restoration to support achievement of Aichi Biodiversity Targets
Transcript of University of São Paulo, ESALQ - CBD · University of São Paulo, ESALQ Capacity-building workshop...
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Experience in restoration from Brazil
Pedro BrancalionUniversity of São Paulo, ESALQ
Capacity-building workshop for South East Asia on ecosystem conservation and
restoration to support achievement of Aichi Biodiversity Targets
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Degradation and restoration in Brazil: an overview
Structure
From deforestation to reforestation
An integrated policy for ecological restoration
Early lessons for tropical countries
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Degradation and restoration in Brazil: an overview
85%
40%
50%
12%
50%
All Brazilian economic cycles were directly linked to the destruction of
its natural heritage
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Degradation and restoration in Brazil: an overview
• 1862: beggining of the reforestation
of the Tijuca Forest leaded by Manoel Archer, by planting 127,000 seedlings
in 13 years.
• 1934, 1965, 2012: Brazilian Forest Code – establishesminimum forest cover in private landholdings (from 20 to 80%)
and areas of permanent protection (conservation and
restoration)
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Degradation and restoration in Brazil: an overview
8
65
2
0
2
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Amazônia Mata
Atlântica
Cerrado Caatinga
Pantanal
Pampa
Mil
lio
ns
ha
(Mh
a)
Total = 21 Mha
Demand for restoration accordingto the new Forest Code
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From deforestation to reforestation
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2010
• 250,000km2 of new protected areas and• 100,000km2 of Indigenous Lands demarcated
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21
.05
17
.77
13
.73
11
.03
13
.78
6
14
.89
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6
29
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18
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1
13
.22
7 17
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3
17
.25
9
18
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6
18
.16
5 21
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1 25
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6
27
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2
19
.01
4
14
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6
11
.65
1
12
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1
7.4
64 7
6.4
18
4.5
71
5.8
43
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
88
*
89
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*
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*
95
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Áre
a (1
03
km2 /
ano
)
Legal Amazon Deforestation
Deforestation in 2013: 5.843 km2
- 79 % 2004-13+ 28 % 2012-13
21
.05
17
.77
13
.73
11
.03 13
.78
6
14
.89
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17
.38
3
17
.25
9
18
.22
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18
.16
5 21
.65
1 25
.39
6
27
.77
2
19
.01
4
14
.28
6
11
.65
1
12
.91
1
7.4
64 7
6.4
18
4.5
71
5.8
43
0
5
10
15
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25
30
35
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*
89
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92
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*
94
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95
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99
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Áre
a (1
03
km2 /
ano
)
Legal Amazon Deforestation
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From deforestation to reforestation
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Pre Early Late Post
Fo
rest
co
ve
r(%
)
100
0
Time
From deforestation to reforestation
Forest transition theory
Environ.
Policies
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Economic support for
environmentally friendly africulture
New tools for assessing legal
compliance
From deforestation to reforestation
+
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Calmon et al., 2011
Potential areas for forestrestoration (ha)
PR 2.455.537
RS 891.716
SC 1.402.183
MS 186.453
ES 1.043.374
MG 5.648.981
RJ 939.800
SP 2.077.885
AL 307.744
BA 2.104.512
PE 395.528
Σ 17.453.712 Melo et al., 2011
The Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact:A major effort by Brazilian society to restore and
transform its most threatened biome
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Competition for land, leakage
Pasturelands
Forests Elsewhere
An integrated policy for ecological restoration
Old-growth stands are
substituted by young-
regenerating forests:
losses in biodiversity and
ecosystem services
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Reducing competition for land andsparing land for reforestation
Latawiec AE, Strassburg BBN, Brancallion P, Rodrigues R., (submitted to Frontiers in Ecology and Environment
An integrated policy for ecological restoration
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• Current productivity : 118 million Animal Units;• Potential sustainable carrying capacity: 367 mi Animal Units;
� Current productivity only 32-34% of potential
Current Productivity Potential Productivity
Restored Areas
All 2040 production targets + 36
million hectares restored
Strassburg, Latawiec et al. (submitted)
An integrated policy for ecological restoration
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Restoration models that provide income
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Creating policies to foster
restoration
Land use planning(leakage)
Improvingreforestation
models
Reducingdeforestation
Targeting areasfor restoration
An integrated policy for ecological restoration
Forest cover
increase
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Early lessons for tropical countries
Reforestation is only justifiable when deforestation in low
Legal instruments and policies are needed
Restoration has to be included in a land use planning contextRestoration has to be included in a land use planning context
Restoration has to become more attractive to farmers
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Thank [email protected]
www.esalq.usp.br/lastrop
