University of Reading Carbon management programme Opps and Quantification workshop Project Leads:...

University of ReadingCarbon management programme Opps and Quantification workshop

Project Leads: Nigel Hodgson & Denise ShearmanProject Sponsors: Prof Tony Downes & Colin Robbins

Objectives of today

Identify and prioritise carbon saving opportunities for your HEIUnderstand and practise the quantification processEngage and mobilise the wider team on carbon management

Workshop agenda

Introductions/backgroundWhere are we now– Baseline– Target

What we can do about it– RAP tool and DECs– Brainstorming & prioritisation– The project process

QuantificationNext steps

What is Carbon Management?

Technical– Information

– Discipline

– Projects

– Continuous improvement

Organisational– Policy & decision making

– Cultural

– Communications

– Permission to question

The What and the How

Comprehensive action planGood practiceWalking the talkTaking responsibilityMakes financial senseInvolves everyone

Alignment with hefce

Baseline

Mobilisation and Objective Setting

Carbon Management Plan

Prioritisation of Opportunities

Costing

Opportunities Identification

Target Setting

Implement Plan

Approve Plan

Identification and Quantification

Baseline, Forecasts, Targets

Mobilise Organisation

Baseline

Mobilisation and Objective Setting

Carbon Management Plan

Prioritisation of Opportunities

Costing

Opportunities Identification

Target Setting

Implement Plan

Approve Plan

Identification and Quantification

Baseline, Forecasts, Targets

Mobilise Organisation

Where are we now?

HECM6 – the timeline

We are here

Carbon management status

Emissions baseline scope

Electricity

Fossil fuels

Buildings

Water

Fleet

Business miles

BA

SELIN

E S

CO

PE

Waste

Commuting

Transport Other

Refrigerant gases

?

Current carbon projects

Ideas generation - Sources

Project List(Kept in the CMPR)Existing Projects Site Surveys

Suggestion Schemes

Brainstorming

Baseline Analysis

Carbon Reduction Suggestions

We Need Your Ideas NowDECs & RAP Tool

Current projects

Make a list of current projectsCHP energy centreWind farmPipework and valve insulationHeating controlsLighting control - solar

Projects identified from previous Carbon Trust surveysHeating zoningEnergy awarenessHigh frequency lightingLED lightingPassive infra red lighting controlAutomatic computer shutdown

Exercise – Other projects

What other projects are happening at the University that may reduce or increase carbon emissionsIn groups discuss for 5-10 minutes and then feedback

RAP tool and DECs



Suggestion Schemes

Brainstorming

Baseline Analysis



Getting the best out of DECs

DECs are not EPCsMeasure of how effectively the building is usedCreate multiple league tables by building type that focus surveys and investmentUse within awareness campaignsBaseline tool helps to rank and prioritise

Where is the University?

49 buildings currently fall within EPBDAverage DEC score – 116

G

F

E

D

C

B

A

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Year 2Year 1

Number of DECs

DEC

Rati

ng

Schedule No.

Ref. Building Name Gross internal Area GIA

m2

Year 1 DEC

Rating

Year 2 DEC

Rating

1W059 Agriculture 7,047 131 ‘D’170 'G'

2W030 AMS 7,866 129 ‘F’ 119 'E'

3W135Carrington 2,223 72 ‘C’ 55 'C'

4W006 Chemistry 7,148 120 ‘E’ 146 'F'

5W025 Engineering 3,996 128 ‘F’ 63 'C'

6W050Facilities Management 1,581 126 ‘F’ 92 'D'

7W047 Food Biosciences 8,705 123 ‘E’ 121 'E'

8W084 Foxhill House 1,836 75 ‘C’ 150 'F'

9W049 Geography 1,777 139 ‘F’ 72 'C'

10W005 Geoscience 1,972 126 ‘F’ 141 'F'

12W001 HumSS 13,040 139 ‘F’ 85 'D'

13W071 ICMA Centre 1,482 127 ‘F’ 128 'F'

Generating ideas



Suggestion Schemes

Brainstorming

Baseline Analysis



??%

Needs high commitment and commercial /risk management skills

Renewable TechnologiesBiomass boilers, WindSolar thermal, GSHP

Organisational realignmentPolicy change, process review

Design & Asset ManagementLow CO2 new buildProperty rationalisationProcurement changes 10%

Longer term, larger scale

Invest to SaveInsulation and heat recoveryLighting and controlsCombined heat and power (CHP)Plant / fleet replacement

20%Mature technologies, medium investment

Good HousekeepingMetering and TargetingBehaviour change and trainingRegular inspection & Audit

10%Low cost but requires human resources

How can the targets be met?

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Inspirational organisations & projects

Lighting controls – University of Edinburgh

Fuel cell CHP - Woking

Fenestration (reducing air leaks) – Derby University

Low Carbon vehicle for VC - Southampton University

Server virtualisation – Sheffield Hallam University

Inspirational organisations & projects (Continued)

1.5MW wind turbine - Swaffham

Energy awareness campaign – University of Glasgow

Dial4Light scheme - GermanyUniversity of Hertfordshire

Full time travel plan co-ordinatorLimited parking permitsFree park and ride facility University owned bus serviceCar sharing databaseSubsidised local travel for studentsCycling facilitiesWalking promotionInformation

Inspirational organisations & projects

Stockton-on-Tees• In-house driver training programme for fuel efficiency• Revenue gained from training of external organisations• 10-15% reduction in fuel use for every person trained

Central Bedfordshire• LED replacement for traditional lanterns at end-of-life • Pilot saw ~ 75% reduction in circuit wattage• ¼ year payback for uplift in capital cost

Individual Vision

What would your place of work be like if you had the power to make it any way you wanted? Where would you work? How would people get to their workplaces? What would the buildings be like?How would you meet with people?What are other people doing?How would teaching/research fit in?What kind of energy would be used for heating? For transportation? For travel? Where would it come from? How would the air, water, and environment be kept clean?

Our Vision

Our target for 2015/16 is 35% reduction on 2008/09 baselineWhat items on the individual visions can we all get behind?Are there any conflicts? What are the larger hurdles likely to be?

Our current stated vision …

What does this mean?

A vision without a plan is just a dream. A plan without a vision is just drudgery.

But a vision with a plan can change the world

Brainstorming and prioritisation

Brainstorming rules

How to get the most out of the session Participation – feel free to speak up Ideas - build on others’ ideas Sharing experiences Reserve judgement NO qualifications Forbidden phrases

“that won’t work because…..”

“we can’t do that because…..”

“that would never be approved…..”

Brainstorming streams

IT and SystemsWater and EnergyTransportWasteOther

Ideas Generation - Brainstorming

In your groups, brainstorm any ideas that occur to you across the areas of the scope:

Bear in mind the Organisation’s other relevant strategies

Focus on large baseline factors

Buildings, transport, water, procurement, HR, organisational practices, day-day management, etc

Opportunities

Raise ideas that you have brought with you

What you can do

What would you like to see happen?

Looking for quantity at this stage not quality

Have generated a long list of ideasShort term

Longer term

Easy wins

Inspirational

Integration

Etc

Need to produce a quantified shortlist and begin to prioritiseStarting right now…

Prioritisation

Ease & Effect rules

Ease factors to consider:Cost (capital and revenue)Cost (staff time)Staff supportTechnical practicality

987

654

321

Effect factors:• Carbon savings• Galvanising/engaging staff support• Public awareness

Prioritisation – Ease & Effect Matrix

V. Effective

Moderate

Ineffective

DifficultModerateEasy

EFFECT ON EMISSIONS

EASE OF IMPLEMENTATION

987

654

321

Quantification

Key Carbon Saving Opportunities

Focusing Effort

Important to focus effort to gain best effectDo you know how your organisation’s consumption pattern compares to the sector average?Are there large ‘special’ loads?

2006 HE Sector Carbon Emissions (Hefce Jan 2010)

Space Heating Opportunities

Improve Building Fabric– Install/ Upgrade Insulation– Double / Secondary Glazing– Draft-Proofing

Install / Optimise Control Systems– Optimum Start– Sequencing– Zoning

Pipe Insulation Boiler UpgradesBoiler Fuel Switching

Breakdown of Energy Use (kWh) in HE buildings (CTV020)

Lighting Opportunities

Retrofit / Replace FittingsControl Systems– Presence detection

(microwave or infrared)– Lux level switching– Localised well labelled

controls where automation infeasible

– Zoning

Remember to look inside and outside!


ICT Opportunities

Management Software– Auto shutdown software for

non-critical machines

Flat Panel Monitors– 60% savings!

Printer Rationalisation– Centralise

Server Room / Data Centres– Virtualisation– Heat Recovery & Cooling

A large area where energy use is expanding

What will your IT infrastructure look like in 10 years?


Travel Opportunities

What are you including in scope?Travel PlanningFleet Driver Training (Safed)Travel SurveysIncentive Schemes– Bike to Work– Car Sharing

2006 HE Sector Carbon Emissions (Hefce Jan 2010)

Other Opportunities

Awareness Raising– Potential Savings of

5-10% (CTG001)

Monitoring & Targeting – Potential Savings of

5-12% (CTV027)

Good Practice Maintenance 2006 HE Sector Carbon

Emissions (Hefce Jan 2010)

What activities have you already undertaken?

RAP tool

What is the RAP Tool

Rapid Assessment of PotentialConsiders key opportunities around buildings and transportationPacked with data on how to quantify different types of opportunityKey team members have their own assessment sheetIndividual copies returned to PL for collation into tool

RAP Tool Process

Project Leader will distribute the tool containing baseline dataFor buildings and transport tabs team members complete:– Score each opportunity against applicability and likelihood –

Document any assumptions you make– Identify how easy this project will be (1=Easy / 3 = Hard)– Identify who will take responsibility for the project– Should take approximately of 1-2hours to complete

Return to the Project Leader to collate into the master

Following The RAP Tool

Project Leader will use master RAP Tool to identify which projects will be further quantified based on ease and effectProject Team members will refine areas identified in the RAP Tool into distinct quantified projectsQuantified Projects will be recorded in the CMPR Tool by PL (to be released in September)

Emission reductions

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

Baseline emissions(tCO2/yr)

Remaining emissions(tCO2/yr)

Buildings Transport Streetlighting Demand not considered

The project process

Pushing projects down the funnel

First ideas

Brainstorm

SWAG

CMP content Detailed Planning

Implementation

£

Cost of tonnes of

CO2 saved

confidence range

Off the head estimate

Using rules of thumb & guidance

Contracted price

The ‘project’ process

CM

Tin

pu

tO

utp

ut

Existingprojects

RAP

Target (xx%)

RAP

GAPExisting projects

Brainstorm

Projectideas

Long list

Prioritisation

Short list

Ease-Effect

1 m

in

Research

1 h

r

DECs

Quantification

CMPR

1 d

ay

1 d

ay

The ‘project’ process

CM

Tin

pu

tO

utp

ut

Existingprojects

RAP

Target (xx%)

RAP

GAPExisting projects

Brainstorm

Projectideas

Long list

Prioritisation

Short list

Ease-Effect

1 m

in

Research

DECs

Quantification

CMPR

Improve RAP estimates

1 h

r

The project process

Initial Prioritisation– Typically should take 1 min per opportunity– RAP combined with Ease and Effect

Project Register Content– 1-2 hour per opportunity– RAP tool refinement – Grouping into larger projects– What questions do you need answering– What assumptions can be made– Using rules of thumb-guides

Approval: including cost – At least 1 day per opportunity

Minimum for CMP




Ideally for CMP




Basic Quantification Techniques

Quantification – the basics

Wattage

(kW)

Running time

(Hours)X =

Consumption

(kWh)

Unit price

£/kWh

X

X

Carbon factor

Elec: 0.563

Gas: 0.185

kgCO2/kWh

=

=

Carbon savings

kgCO2

Financial Savings

£

Quantification – the basics

30 x (60-11)

= 1.470 kW

10 hrs x 5 x 52

= 2,600 hrs

X =3,822

kWh

Unit price

£0.01/kWh

X

X

Carbon factor

Elec: 0.563

kgCO2/kWh=

=

2,152

kgCO2

£38.22

Moving Beyond RAP

Beyond RAP

How the RAP tool works– Energy– Carbon– Cost

What now– What assumptions did we

make?– Are they reasonable?– Get specific!!

RAP Tool Estimate

Total carbon emissions of all buildings = 940 tonnes

Estimated in the RAP Tool that 30% of buildings have BMS systems and 60% have not been optimised (i.e. 30% applicability and 60% likelihood)

The RAP Tool also adds a factor of 50% since the BMS will not cover all of the buildings energy consumption.

The RAP Tool then calculates amount of baseline covered by the opportunity:

940 tonnes x 30% x 60% x 50% = 84.6 tonnes Carbon Trust research shows that a 5% saving in all building fuels so the RAP Tool

calculates the potential carbon saving as:

84.6 tonnes x 5% = 4.23 tonnes (saved)

Detail Quantification

To complete a detailed quantification you need actual baseline buildings fitted with a BMS.

The 30% of buildings was actually 2 similar buildings. They had a total carbon footprint of 307 tonnes and their BMS hadn’t been optimised.

It was also established the BMS controlled 80% of each building’s energy. The recalculated (detailed) saving was:

307 tonnes x 80% x 5% = 12.28 tonnes (saved)

Quantifying Projects

Carbon Trust Publications

CTV020 – HE SectorCTG001 – AwarenessCTV003 – HVACCTV027 – MeteringEGC078 – Sport & LeisureECG019 – Offices CTV021 – Lighting Plus many more . . . ..

www.carbontrust.co.uk

Quantifying Brainstormed Opportunities

Quantify a selection of brainstormed opportunitiesEither in groups or all together Discuss how you might go about moving it forward

Next Steps

Project Definition Template

All projects need to be in the template (Appendix B)Team need to document:– Project Reference– Owner– Department – Description– Benefits– Funding– Resources– Ensuring Success– Measuring Success– Timing– Notes

CM team actions

Baseline data

– Assist data collection as required

Finalise identity of existing projects

– Let PL know about other projects and owner

– PL compiles list of existing projects

RAP tool

– PL meetings with individual team members to complete tool sections,

CM team Provide general support to the programme by:

– Talking to colleagues

– Direct & indirect support

– Being positive

Questions . . .

Thank you

Raising the Bar

Raising the Bar

Performing initial quantification on renewables and CHP to reach higher levels of savings

IncludesWindSolar PVBiomass HeatingCombined Heat & Power

Solar PV - OverviewAssess your options– Building integrated (South facing

at ~35 degrees)

– Ground mount?How sunny is it in your area? Making the business case stack up:– Feed in Tariff– Low Carbon Buildings Programme

Phase 2Get the best panels – 17.4% is available; 20%

imminent with 40% mooted in the next few years

Solar PhotovoltaicsCalculating Annual Energy Generated

kWh= 750kWh x kilowatt peak– 750kW = Factor based on typical

performance from BIS research– kWp = Maximum theoretical output

kWp = Area / 6.72- Area = space available- 6.72 = Space factor based on

a high efficiency panel

TIP: You should always try and go for the highest efficiency panels (17.4% is about the best at the moment)

Typical cost for solar PV is £5,000/kWp

Solar PV Exercise

For a large building with 120 sqm of available south facing roof space calculate:

Energy generated each yearTotal revenue based on 15p/kWhTotal carbon savedEstimated cost of installation with 50%

LCBP Phase 2 grant

Solar PV Exercise Answers

For a large building with 120 sqm of available south facing roof space calculate: :

Energy generated each year

– 13,393 kWhTotal revenue based on 15p/kWh

– £2,009Total carbon saved

– 7 tonnesEstimated cost of installation

– £44,643Update CMPR

Combined heat and power - Overview

Centralised power generation very inefficientAssessing your CHP opportunities– Large heat load essential – Estimating profiles is

possible, but actual half hourly data is best

– 5,000 running hours minimum

Combined Heat & Power

Calculating Carbon Saving

Need to calculate the consumption and energy generated (heat and electricity/ power) of the CHP system.

Then use these figures to calculate equivalent outputs from a tradition system (grid electricity, heat from a gas boiler)

Image Courtesy of the Institute of Engineering & Technology

Combined Heat & Power

CHPElectricity Generated = Peak kWe rating X Hours X Availability

Heat Generated =Electricity Generated X Power : Heat Ratio

Gas Consumed = Electricity generated /CHP efficiency

TraditionalGas Consumed = Heat generated/Boiler Efficiency

TIP:Typical cost for CHP is £800/kWeTypical power to heat ratio =1.2

CHP Exercise

For a 100kWe CHP with an efficiency of 35% calculate:

Heat Generated by the CHP in a yearAnnual Carbon SavingsAnnual Cost SavingsCapital Cost

Assume the CHP has been sized so it can run at maximum load for 16 hours a day all year but is only available 95% of the year.

CHP Exercise Answers

Heat Generated by the CHP in a Year663,936 kWh

Annual Carbon Savings164 tCO2

Annual Cost Savings£30,478

Capital Cost£80,000

Update CMPR

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