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Transcript of University of Nairobi Presentation by Wolfgang Fengler, Lead Economist, World Bank Discussion with...
University of NairobiPresentation by Wolfgang Fengler,
Lead Economist, World Bank
Discussion with
PS Joseph Kinyua
Dr. Richard Leakey
Prof. Michael Chege (Moderator)
Delivering Aid DifferentlyLessons from the Field
2
About Homi Kharas
PhD in Economics from Harvard and BA from Kings College,
Cambridge
Served as Chief Economist, World Bank, from 1999-2007 in the
East Asia and Pacific Region
Currently a Senior Fellow and Deputy Director for the Global
Economy and Development Program, at the Brookings Institute in
Washington DC where he leads research on aid effectiveness.
3
About Myself
Born in Germany, January 1971 Graduated from German Universities in 1996 (Masters) and
2000 (PhD) Founded a number of companies including “Africa Consulting”
in the 1990ies Left Germany and joined World Bank in January 2000 Became World Bank Senior Economist in Indonesia, 2004 Moved to Kenya as Lead Economist, World Bank, August 2009
About the Book
Describes the new realities of a US$ 200 billion aid industry that
has overtaken the traditional aid model. 10 chapters:
Overview 6 Country Case Studies: Kenya, Ethiopia, Aceh (Indonesia), Cambodia,
Pakistan, Tajikistan 3 Thematic Chapters: Joint Assistance Strategies, Information Systems,
Humanitarian Aid
All country case studies written by scholars of aid-recipient
countries, including Francis Mwega (University of Nairobi)
Main Messages
Aid Can Work. From the Marshall Plan in Europe after World War II to M-PESA in Kenya today, aid has often played a critical role in the development of countries.
The New Reality of Aid. The number of new players has increased rapidly and the demands of clients has differentiated. New players have brought fresh energy and approaches to the delivery of aid. But they have also added to fragmentation and volatility.
Delivering Aid Differently. Filling gaps is not sufficient. Today, aid needs to leverage knowledge, the hardest currency of the 21st century, to evaluate programs, identify success, and then scale up.
Aid Can Work
The Marshal Plan Europe
The US Govt spent US$ 13 billion to help rebuild Europe after World War II
The Green RevolutionWorld Wide, mainly Asia, Latin America
With the help of aid-funded research, agriculture yields increased and made India self sufficient in food grains.
Bolsa FamiliaBrazil
9
The world’s largest conditional Cash Transfer program has scaled-up to cover more than 12 million Brazilian families with the help of the World Bank, IDB and other partners
Post-Tsunami ReconstructionIndian Ocean
10
In Aceh, the US$ 7.2 billion reconstruction program led to recovery of the province (2/3 financed by the international community)
Mobile MoneyKenya
11
More than 13 million Kenyans (62% of all adults) are now transferring an estimated 15% of GDP through their phones. This
innovation was initiated through a DFID grant.
The New Reality of Aid
The Old Reality of Aid
The New Reality of Aid
Seeing the new Aid Architecture in 3D
15
Demand Differentiation
Diversity of Donors
Dynamics of Development
A wide spectrum of clients:
Fragile states, MICs, small states, etc.
Traditional donors, “New
Bilaterals”, NGOs
Innovation, Information, Evaluation, Scaling up
Since 1992, aid has doubled, mainly due to the emergence of new players
Total Development Assistance from OECD, 1992
Total Development Assistance from OECD, 2008
ODA 95%
NGOs5%
US$ 92 Bln
ODA 63%NGOs
27%
New Bilaterals
10%
US$ 194 Bln
The total number of projects has quadrupled while the average size declined sharply (ODA
only)
… and New Players have added to Increased Fragmentation
Case study Aceh (Indonesia)
Note: 1 = maximum concentration.; The lower the index the more fragmented the aid program
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
Donors & NGOs NGOs Donors
Hir
schm
an-H
erfin
dhal
Inde
x
... while China’s share is rising rapidly Case study Cambodia
Aid to Kenya has been declining until recently ... Case study Kenya 1981-2006
... and donor funding has become increasingly unpredictable
Case study Kenya 1981-2006
21
Delivering Aid Differently
Country Level Coordination and a “knowledge engine”
23
National Aid Coordination
Agency
Information
Needs
Standards
Data on Inputs
Data on Outputs
Donors and Implementers Projects and Programs
24
Coordination Forum
Government Donors
UN Agencies
NGOs
Multi Donor Fund
Reconstruction Agency
UNORC?
CommunicationCoordination fora
Delivering Aid Differently: Effective Coordination and alignment with government
Post-Tsunami Reconstruction, Aceh
Delivering Aid Differently: Analysis driving programming
Post-Tsunami Reconstruction, Aceh
25
Delivering Aid Differently: Scaling-Up From small projects to large programs
The Indonesia Community Empowerment Program
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
1997 1998 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
PNPM
cov
erag
e (N
o. o
f vill
ages
)
Pilot: 25 villages
Introduction of the project
Government took over, doubled the scope and finances most investments; WB continues to support M&E and supervision of program
Delivering Aid Differently: Summary
27
Old aid model New aid model
Overall approach
International coordination and burden sharing, collaboration between headquarters dominates
In-country coordination and recipient government-led, differentiated by situational demands
Sources and channels
Official Development Aid focus Diverse multi-player, multi-channel aid
Programming Annual Multi-year, dynamic
Delivery Project-based, fragmented Programmatic, scalable
Capacity building
Capacity substitution, technical assistance
Capacity development, local networks
Information systems
Global Global and local
Asante SanaThank You
www.brookings.edu http://www.worldbank.org/ke
For more information on this book, please contact Wolfgang Fengler ([email protected]) or
Homi Kharas ([email protected])
To order the book:
Hopkins Fulfillment Service, P.O. Box 50370, Baltimore, MD 21211-4370
Phone: 1-800-537-5487 or 410-516-6956Fax: 410-516-6998, E-mail: [email protected]
or throughwww.Amazon.com