University of Groningen

Exploring the Regional Characteristics of Intestinal Drug Metabolism and FibrogenesisIswandana, Raditya

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Curriculum Vitae, List of Publications,

and Acknowledgments

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Name Raditya IswandanaDate of birth June 23rd, 1987Place of birth Jakarta, IndonesiaHometown Depok, West Java, IndonesiaNationality IndonesianCurrent position Lecturer and Researcher at Faculty of Pharmacy,Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia (Pharmaceuticsand Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory)

Raditya Iswandana is a lecturer and researcher at Faculty of Pharmacy,Universitas Indonesia since 2012. He graduated from undergraduate programDepartment of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia in 2009 with a final project entitled“In Vitro Penetration Ability and Physical Stability Testing of Cream, Ointment, and GelContaining Curcumin from Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.).” After that, he continued aprofessional degree and hold a Pharmacist license in 2010 (graduate with honor - cum

laude). In 2012, he got (with honor - summa cum laude) his Master of Pharmacy(Pharmaceutical Sciences) from the same university with a thesis entitled “Preparationof Verapamil Hydrochloride Nanogel Using Ionic Gelation Method between Chitosan-Sodium Tripolyphosphate as Antihypertension Dosage Form.” In addition, he alsoactives in various organizations and appointed as editorial board member andreviewer of some journals, both national and international. The focus of his research isin the treatment of intestinal fibrosis, colon-targeted drug delivery system, and naturalproducts.Professional Profile:

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LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Article Journals de Jong, I. E. M., Matton, A. P. M., van Praagh, J. B., van Haaften, W. T., Wiersema-Buist, J., van Wijk, L. A., Oosterhuis, D., Iswandana, R., Suriguga, S., Overi, D., Lisman,T., Carpino, G., Gouw, A. S. H., Olinga, P., Gaudio, E., & Porte, R. J. Peribiliary glandsare key in regeneration of the human biliary epithelium after severe bile ductinjury. Hepatology. 69, 1719-1734 (2019). DOI: 10.1002/hep.30365. Iswandana, R., Mutia, M. P., & Widyaningrum, F. K. Unsuccessful delivery oftetrandrine from colon-targeted dosage forms comprising alginate/hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and alginate-chitosan beads. Int J Appl Pharm. 10(S1), 396-402(2018). DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.88. Sutriyo, Iswandana, R., & Fauzi, F. Strategy to mask the bitter taste of Momordica

charantia extract using alginate-gelatin beads. Int J Appl Pharm. 10(S1), 381-383(2018). DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.84. Sutriyo, Iswandana, R., & Widiya. E. Effect of variations of Beta vulgaris extracts onmasking the bitter taste of Momordica charantia extract syrup. Int J Appl Pharm.

10(S1), 159-164 (2018). DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.34. Iswandana, R., Irianti, M. I., Oosterhuis, D., Hofker, H. S., Merema, M. T., de Jager, M.H., Mutsaers, H. A. M., & Olinga, P. Regional differences in human intestinal drugmetabolism. Drug Metab Dispos. 46, 1879-1885 (2018). DOI:10.1124/dmd.118.083428. Iswandana, R., Amangkoe, E. F., & Isnaini, R. A. Tetrandrine beads usingalginate/polyvinyl alcohol and alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose: Not ideal ascolon-targeted dosage form. J Pharm Neg Res. 9, 14-20 (2018). DOI:10.4103/jpnr.JPNR_25_17. Surini, S., Evangelista, C. N., & Iswandana, R. Development of glimepiride soliddispersion using the coprocessed excipients of polyvinylpyrrolidone, maltodextrin,and polyethylene glycol. J Young Pharm. 10, S45-S50 (2018). DOI:10.5530/jyp.2018.2s.9. Mujahidah, S. N., Sutriyo, & Iswandana, R. Development of bitter melon (Momordica

charantia) microcapsule using maltodextrin and gum arabic as coating by spray

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drying method. Adv Sci Letters. 24, 6506-6509(4) (2018). DOI:10.1166/asl.2018.12757. Iswandana, R., Putri, K. S. S., Wulandari, F. R., Najuda, G., Sari, S. P., & Djajadisastra.J. Preparation of calcium alginate-tetrandrine beads using ionic gelation method ascolon-targeted dosage form. J Appl Pharm Sci. 8, 68-74, (2018). DOI:10.7324/JAPS.2018.8509. Iswandana, R., Lestari, D. A. T., & Sutriyo. Combination of HPMC and PEG 400 as ataste masking agent of film-coated tablets containing Momordica charantia Linn.extract. Int J Appl Pharm. 10, 8-12 (2018). DOI: 10.22159/ijap.2018v10i3.24025. Iswandana, R., Chalista, W., & Sitepu. E. S. Formulation and penetrationenhancement activity of sticks containing caffeine. J Appl Pharm Sci. 8, 43-49(2018). DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2018.8107. Iswandana, R., & Sihombing, L. K. M. Formulasi, uji stabilitas fisik, dan uji aktivitassecara in vitro sediaan spray antibau kaki yang mengandung ekstrak etanol daunsirih (Piper betle L.). Pharm Sci Res. 4, 121-131 (2017). DOI: 10.7454/psr.v4i3.3805. Iswandana, R., Putri, K. S. S., Sandiata, C. E., Triani, S., Sari, S. P., & Djajadisastra, J.Formulation of tetrandrine beads using ionic gelation method ca-pectinate coatedpH-sensitive polymers as colon-targeted dosage form. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 10,90-95 (2017). DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.19994. Iswandana, R., Pham, B. T., Luangmonkong, T., Mutsaers, H. A. M., & Olinga. P.Precision-cut tissue slices as a novel ex-vivo model for evaluating the efficacy ofpotential drugs. Biomed Res Ther. 4, S63-S64 (2017). DOI:10.15419/bmrat.v4iS.272. Iswandana, R. Colon specific drug delivery systems: The importance. EC

Gastroenterol Dig Sys. 3, 170-171 (2017). Iswandana, R., Putri, K. S. S., Dwiputra, R., Yanuari, T., Sari, S. P., & Djajadisastra, J.Formulation of chitosan tripolyphosphate-tetrandrine beads using ionic gelationmethod: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Appl Pharm. 9, 109-115 (2017). DOI:10.22159/ijap.2017v9i5.20842. Iswandana, R., Pham, B. T., van Haaften, W. T., Luangmonkong, T., Oosterhuis, D.,Mutsaers, H. A. M., & Olinga, P. Organ- and species-specific biological activity of

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rosmarinic acid. Toxicol in Vitro. 32, 261-268 (2016). DOI:10.1016/j.tiv.2016.01.009. Iswandana, R., Pham, B. T., van Haaften, W. T., Oosterhuis, D., Mutsaers, H. A. M., &Olinga, P. Evaluating the efficacy of potential drugs for intestinal fibrosis usingprecision-cut tissue slices. J Crohns Colitis. 9, S116-S117 (2015). DOI:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju027.196. Pham, B. T., van Haaften, W. T., Iswandana, R., Oosterhuis, D., & Olinga, P. Regionaldifferences in effect of TGF-beta1 and PDGF on the early onset of intestinal fibrosis.

J Crohns Colitis. 8, S74 (2014). DOI: 10.1016/S1873-9946(14)60147-1. Iswandana, R., Anwar, E., & Jufri, M. Formulasi nanopartikel verapamil hidrokloridadari kitosan dan natrium tripolifosfat dengan metode gelasi ionik. Jurnal Farmasi

Indonesia 6, 201-210 (2013). Anwar, E., Iswandana, R., & Munim, A. Uji penetrasi secara in vitro dan uji stabilitasfisik sediaan krim, salep, dan gel yang mengandung kurkumin dari kunyit (Curcuma

longa L). Jurnal Bahan Alam Indonesia 7, 370-374 (2011).Conferences Hafshari, M. D., Sutriyo, & Iswandana, R. Synthesis and stability test of resveratrolconjugated gold nanoparticle with polyvinyl alcohol modification as stabilizingagent (AuNP-RSV-PVA). The 3rd International Conference on Advance Pharmacy and

Pharmaceutical Sciences. Bukittinggi-Indonesia. (2018). Aisyah, P., Syahdi, R. R., & Iswandana, R. Pharmacokinetic parameters predictionanalysis of colon targeted oral drug using in silico method. The 3rd International

Conference on Advance Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Bukittinggi-Indonesia. (2018). Nugraha, M. W., Iswandana, R., & Jufri M. Characterization of lotion solid lipidnanoparticle (SLN) from mulberry root (Morus alba l.) extracted by microwaveassisted micellar extraction (MAME). The 3rd International Conference on Advance

Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Bukittinggi-Indonesia. (2018). Olisia S., Adriyani, M., Iswandana, R., & Mun’im, A. Microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) of oxyresveratrol from white mulberry twigs (Morus alba L.) using Tween

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20 and Tween 80. The 3rd International Conference on Advance Pharmacy and

Pharmaceutical Sciences. Bukittinggi-Indonesia. (2018). Ivariani, F. M., Sutriyo, & Iswandana, R. Synthesis and stability test of resveratrolconjugated gold nanoparticle with polyethylene glycol and folic acid modification(RSV-AuNP-PEG-FA). The 3rd International Conference on Advance Pharmacy and

Pharmaceutical Sciences. Bukittinggi-Indonesia. (2018). Surini, S., Arnedy, A. R., & Iswandana, R. Study of ethosomes containing thedichloromethane fraction of bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn.) fruit and in

vitro penetration study. The 3rd International Conference on Advance Pharmacy and

Pharmaceutical Sciences. Bukittinggi-Indonesia. (2018). Nurselviana, R., Iswandana, R., & Sutriyo. Synthesis and stability test of resveratrolconjugated gold nanoparticle with polyethylene glycol modification (AUNP-RSV-PEG). The 3rd International Conference on Advance Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical

Sciences. Bukittinggi-Indonesia. (2018). de Jong, I. E. M., Matton, A. P. M., Suriguga, S., van Praagh, J., van Haaften, W. T.,Wiersema-Buist, J., Iswandana, R., Oosterhuis, D., Gouw, A., Lisman, T., Olinga, P., &Porte, R. J. Precision-cut bile duct slices as a model to study regeneration of bileducts of human donor livers after ischemic preservation injury. EASL Monothematic

Conference, Oslo-Norway. (2017). de Jong, I. E. M., Matton, A. P. M., Iswandana, R., Suriguga, S., van Haaften, W. T.,Wiersema-Buist, J., Oosterhuis, D., Lisman, T., Olinga, P., & Porte, R. J.Characterisation of peribiliary glands in a new model: precision-cut bile duct slices.

Bootcongress 2016. Groningen-The Netherlands. (2016). van Haaften, W. T., Iswandana, R., Pham, B. T., Oosterhuis, D., & Olinga, P. Fibrotichuman precision-cut intestinal slices a new ex vivo model for established intestinalfibrosis. Meeting of the Belgian-Dutch Biopharmaceutical Society 2014. Vlaardingen-The Netherlands. (2014). Rahmawanty, D., Anwar, E., Bahtiar, A., Surini, S., & Iswandana, R. Microparticles ofsnakehead fish (Channa striatus) fillet binder by chitosan using ionic gelationmethod for wound healing. 2nd International Conference on Nutraceutical and

Cosmetic Science 2013. Jakarta-Indonesia. (2013).

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Putri, G. N. E., Anwar, E., & Iswandana, R. Formulation of fast disintegrating tabletcontaining roselle calyx (Hibiscus sabdariffae L.) extract using maltodextrin DE 10-15 as an excipient. 2nd International Conference on Nutraceutical and Cosmetic

Science 2013. Jakarta-Indonesia. (2013). Ebennezer, E., Djajadisastra, J., & Iswandana, R. Physical stability test and effect ofvitamin c on activity and penetration ability of ethanolic extract of mangosteenpericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) in anti-aging serum. 2nd International Conference

on Nutraceutical and Cosmetic Science 2013. Jakarta-Indonesia. (2013). Wahyuningrum, C., Djajadisastra, J., & Iswandana, R. Antioxidant activity assay,physical stability test, and concentration effects of dimethicone andcyclomethicone on skin penetration of ethanol extract from mangosteen pericarp.

59th IPSF World Congress. Utrecht-The Netherlands. (2013).Patents Iswandana, R., Anwar, E., & Jufri, M. Pembuatan dan komposisi nanogel verapamilhidroklorida menggunakan metode gelasi ionik antara kitosan-natriumtripolifosfat sebagai sediaan antihipertensi. P00201702083. ID. (2017). Iswandana, R., Djajadisastra, J. & Sari, S. P. Komposisi beads tetrandrinemenggunakan metode gelasi ionik sebagai sediaan kolon tertarget. P00201702083.ID. (2017).

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

One can pay back the loan of gold, but one dies forever in debt to those who are kind.(Malayan Proverb)Wednesday, 28 August 2013 is the historical date of my life. Back to almost 6 years agowhen for the first time in my life, I had to go abroad. Never would I have imagined that I couldcontinue my academic endeavor, let alone to do it abroad, about 11,000 km away from myhometown.

Alhamdulillahirabbil ’alamin. Above all, I would like to send my utmost gratitude to Allahthe Almighty. Also, may prayers and peace be always upon the Prophet Muhammad and upon hisfamily, and companions, the honorable followers.This PhD dissertation would never have finished without the support and guidance ofseveral people, through the joy and difficult times. I realized that I had an excellent academicatmosphere and clear direction from my supervisors and co-supervisor to complete my PhD.First and foremost, I am incredibly grateful for the completion of my dissertation. None ofit would have been possible without the encouragement and support of my promotor, Prof. PeterOlinga. Dear Peter, thank you very much for your invitation to be part of your lab and your trustthat you have given me to do a project on biopharmacy, although you knew from our first Skypeconversation that my previous work was on the formulation and pharmaceutical technology. Next,I am enjoying being your student. Since the first time we met, you have made a good impressionwith your personality. I was astonished when you picked me up from the airport by yourself andalso for the farewell! As an academician, you are also my role model. I always admire how yousupervise a student, particularly the international students. Moreover, I appreciate for supportingme at each step of my PhD trajectory and beyond. At 2017, I was delighted that I could meet youagain in Depok, together with my newborn baby, Salman. I hope that you will travel more often toIndonesia and we will have a good collaboration in the future. I wish you all the best and also foryour family (Judith, Sem, and Mas).I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to Prof. H.W. (Erik) Frijlink, who gaveme a chance to do research at his department. Dear Erik, I feel fortunate to have this opportunity towork under your guidance. Although, after I came back to Indonesia, Peter had replaced you to bemy main Promotor, however, you are always giving your support until the end. From you, I havelearned how to be the scientist I am today. I still remember when we had our last R & O meetingbefore I traveled back to Indonesia. I was anxious about the continuation of my PhD. It was becauseI only had one publication at that moment. However, you have said that it is always difficult for thefirst time, but you trusted me that I could finish it. I wish you and your family all the happiness andgood health.Next, I also wish to thank my co-promotor, Dr. H.A.M. (Rick) Mutsaers. Dear Rick, inNovember 2013, I still remember when Peter said that he would have a new member in his lab, aPost-Doctoral. He said that his Post-Doc would become my supervisor also. Honestly, I worriedabout how this Post-Doc will treat me. However, time flies, I was enjoying working with you,especially when we must go to the OR to pick up the intestine samples. Also, I must give you a bigcredit on your excellence of guidance and in the drafting of this thesis. You never run out ofoutstanding word or phrase which made the story on my manuscript excellent — all the best foryour future career, also for Sanne and Colin.I want to extend my sincere thanks to the members of the reading committee: Prof. G.M.(Geoffrey) Thiele, Prof. H.G.D. (Henri) Leuvenink, and Prof. H. (Harry) van Goor for their

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willingness to assess and take their time to give valuable comments and suggestions to my thesis.Thank you, Professors!I am also grateful to my paranymphs, Dorenda Oosterhuis and Akbar Adjie Pratama.Dear Dorenda, thank you very much for the assistance that you have given. You are not only aparanymph for me, but you are also a good roommate. I have always enjoyed it when you start achit-chat in Dutch with other Dutch people in the room. I can learn some Dutch words from that. Ialso want to thank you for always being so kind to me since the first time we met in August 2013. Iwish all the best for you, Teun, Nila, and Loïs. Dear mas Adjie, thank you very much for acceptingmy offer to be my paranymph. I know that you are very busy with your work as a Post-Doc, but youare still able to arrange my defense very well. We began our friendship when we lived together inPlanetenlaan 264. You are a hard-working person; no doubt you have your position now. I willtreasure our memorable trip to Istanbul, Turkey. Keep your excellent work and keep in contact!I would also like to thank my fellow PhD students, primarily in Peter’s Lab. I had a preciousopportunity to work and to have collaboration with almost everybody in the group. This group isvery international, so that I can learn a lot of things from them, not only about science but also theirculture. BT, a Vietnamese guy, thank you for your guidance since the first time I arrived inGroningen. You are Peter’s first PhD student that I know. You gave me a lot of assistance to me inthe lab, mainly how to deal with the intestine. Even after I came back to Indonesia, I still need yourhelp in preparing the manuscript. I wish you a good career in the future, your wife, Lucca, and hislittle sister. Also, I hope that I can visit you in Vietnam one day. Cảm ơn bạn! Tobias, my roommate,lab mate, MD-PhD student at a very young age, a musician (violist), and a future Doctor. Tobias, youare a lovely person! I learned a lot from you how to live happily in the Netherlands with a Dutchway. I was enjoying your concert and hoping that one day I can see you perform at the show again.Bedankt! I wish you an excellent future career as a Gastroenterologist. Jo, สวสัดี · ? He is thethird Asian guy in Peter’s lab after BT and me. Jo, thank you so much for our good friendship. Thankyou for every precious moment that we have shared together. I really enjoy when we were workingin the lab, travelling, cooking, sharing traditional food, biking, or even a little fighting that we had. Iwas very happy when finally, you have your marriage with your “friend” (you never call her agirlfriend). I wish you and Gift a happiness. See you in Thailand! ขอบคุณ! Su, another Asian people.Actually, she is a Mongolian, but every people see her as a Chinese girl. Su, even though you wererejecting me for doing intestinal experiments, we were still becoming a good friend. I am sorry if Iwas often arguing or fighting with you during lunch, perhaps that’s the way that made us goodfriends. Thank you also for joining us to Istanbul for holiday and you were feeling okay to wear theheadscarf. I wish you, Naqin, and your baby, a wonderful life.谢谢! Emilia, my roommate, a Russiangirl who was sitting behind my desk after Tobias. Thank you so much for saving me in that room.You finally gave an international atmosphere when you were sitting there. Thank you also for yourhelp in the lab. Спасибо! Best luck for you for finishing your thesis and your future career! Emma,another international girl who is coming from Romania. Although we seldom met because you hadto work in Germany, but you always cheer-up the lab when you came back. I always see that youare really an energetic and enthusiastic person in our lab. I never saw you sad. I wish that you willhave your defense soon with Emilia. Mulțumesc! Wish you have a success career in your life! Isabel,a Dutch girl, MD-PhD student, who always be efficient at work. It was very nice to know you. I wishyou an excellent career in the medical field! Jasper, another Dutch and MD-PhD student in ourgroup. Honestly, I always curious about your project. Thank you for our nice talks and wish you asuccess future life! Naomi and Fransien, two Dutch girls, who worked in our lab and in thepharmaceutical technology lab. Naomi, thank you for being a nice roommate, also for your TV. Ireally enjoyed it very much. Thank you also for the farewell with karaoke time. I was really

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surprised when I learned that you are a quarter Indonesian. I wish you and Frank, a joyous life.Fransien, although we never worked together, it always nice to have you in the group. Best wishesfor your family and success for your Post-Doc and future career! Nia, an Indonesian girl. Thank youfor being a good lab mate, house mate, and my best friend of life. I am very happy when I heard fromPeter that you also being accepted as his PhD student. I’m sorry if during our stay in Groningen, wealways had a fight at least once a month. Day after day, month after month, even years, we havethem altogether. Time flies! Finally, on November 2014 I proposed you… [to be continued at thelast paragraph :-)].Next, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all collaborators and co-authors in mythesis and publications: Prof. R.J. Porte, Dr. H.S. Hofker, Marina I. Irianti, Meltem Yar, MarjolijnT. Merema, Marina H. de Jager, and Louise A. van Wijk. It was my honor to have worked andhave collaboration with you. Thank you for your help, assistance, suggestions, and knowledge. Thisthesis will never be completed without your contributions. I hope that our cooperation can beextended in the future!I must also thank all members of the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology andBiopharmacy (PTB) during my time in Groningen. I felt comfortable with all the kindness thateveryone showed. Thank you Dr. Wouter Hinrichs, Dr. Herman, Dr. Anne de Boer, Paul, Anko,Ed, Sonja, Jan, Marinella, Caroline, Doetie, Lida, Miriam, and other people in the department,thank you for coloring my life. Dear Herman, I would like to apologize for our unfinished-reviewpaper. I hope we can still have a collaboration in the future to finish it. Many generations of PhD’s:Mbak Tina, Senthil, Wouter, Anne, Niels, Floris, Marcel, Milica, Gaurav, Maarten, Philip,Jasmine, thank you for being great friends and colleagues. Also, Gerian, Imco, Annemarie, goodluck with your PhD! I would also like to thank all the students (mostly for Loes, Bo, Cyntia, andPony) and visitors (specifically for Maaike, Alix, and Iris) that I cannot mention all. I wish you allthe best!Besides our department, thanks should also go to the members of Pharmacokinetics,Toxicology, and Targeting (PTT) Department: Prof. Geny, Prof. Klaas, Prof. Barbro, Dr. Leonie,Dr. Inge de Graaf, Jan Visser, Eduard, Catharina, and Gillian. Thank you so much for yourkindness and assistance. I also had the great pleasure of working with other liver and intestine guysfrom this department. Inge Westra, we never met in the lab since you finished already with yourlab work at that time, but I, fortunately, could come to your defense. One of your work alsoinfluences my research. Viktoriia, I admire your paintings so much. I always enjoy it when youuploaded them via Facebook, so please keep posting them! Ming, you are the quietest guy in theslicing lab. You only spoke when it was necessary. However, you helped me a lot in the lab,especially with the intestine. Xiaoyu, although we were not interacting too much since you almostfinished at that time, I still can learn how to slice by watching you as well. Suresh, you are the mostenergetic member of the lab. You always moved between lab so quickly. I wish you all a great careerand life! Moreover, luckily, there are also Indonesian guys in the lab, Amirah and Adhyat. DearAmirah, thank you for introducing me to other Indonesian students in the UMCG and with theactivities of the Indonesian Student Association in Groningen (PPIG) for the first time. I stillremember our conversation during our flight to Indonesia in 2014. I wish you all the best and happylife with your marriage. I hope, we can have a good collaboration in the future. Dear Adhyat, mybrother, thank you very much for our friendship and being my ‘partner in crime’ in Groningen sincethe first time we met until Nia came. Thank you so much for every time that you have shared withme through our joy and hard times. I want to apologize for every chaotic moment that we had. I waspleased when you told me that you would have a marriage. I wish you all the best for your career,and I hope that we can have a good collaboration shortly! Also, I wish you, Nuri, Zidni, and Ufi, a

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healthy and prosperous life. Please do not hesitate to share if you want to do so, because you are my brother!I would also like to extend my gratitude to surgeons and staff of the Department of Hepato-pancreatico-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) who provided me the opportunity to access to the patient material during my PhD research. Moreover, I must thank all donors for their willingness to donate their organs and not taking them to heaven, as well as to all mice and rats for their sacrifice.My life in Groningen would not have been as easy and comfortable like home without assistance from the Indonesian community. I would like to express my special thanks to mas Didik and family. Dear mas Didik, thank you for being my second family during my stay in Groningen and allow me to stay in your fabulous house (Planetenlaan 264). Too many memories that I had in your home. Moreover, you are a good role model for other Indonesian students, graduated in a short time (3.5 years) with so many publications, very active in the organization, humble, humorous, and a good father for your family. After you come back to Indonesia, your career path is also brilliant!Mbak Rosel, thank you also for always providing me with your delicious Indonesian cuisines. You are a good mother and a talented chef. Thank you also for visiting us in Depok. I wish we could also visit you one day. Also, Najwa, Nafi, and Maryam thank you for bringing joyful moments when we played together. I wish you all healthiness and happiness. Mas Fean, mas Zainal-mbak Ayu, mbak Nur, mas Windi-mbak Fitri, mas Shidiq, Ali-Liany, Guntur, Didin-Anis, Insan, Reren, Almas, Adel, May, Dina, Nadya, Ai, Chacha, Bibit, and Raissa thank you. All of you have brought so much joy and happiness into Planetenlaan 264 when we laugh and play together. I miss our togetherness!I am also grateful to have a lot of housemates who lived on the 3rd floor of Planetenlaan 264: mas Insanu, mas Wahono, and mbak Tia. Thank you for the beautiful moment during your stay.Thank you to all Indonesian friends in UMCG: Mas Yayok-mbak Lia, mas Aul-mbak Neily, mbak Doti, mbak Putri, mbak Ferro, mbak Niar, mbak Astri Ferdiana, mbak Astri Handayani, mbak Rizkia Astri, mbak Morita, mas Pandji, bli Yota, mas Hegar, mas Ury, pak Tjie, mbak Monik, mbak Navessa, mbak Lusi, and Niken. Thank you for sharing the happiness and lunch during my years at university.I want to thank the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia, The Hague-The Netherlands. The former Ambassador H.E. Retno L.P. Marsudi (Ibu Retno) and Attaché of Education and Cultural Affairs Prof. Bambang H. Wibisono (Pak Hari), thank you for supporting the PPIG events mainly for Indonesian Day 2014. Also, thanks to the Program Manager of the Southeast Asia of RUG, Tim Zwaagstra, someone who is always there to assist Indonesian students in Groningen.To all Indonesian students in Groningen, especially for 2013-ers, PPIG-ers, PPIG Choir, deGromiest, Van Houtenlaan student housemates, Indonesian Dinner 2014 team, and ‘Anak Pintar dan Kuat’ group: Mas Rully-mbak Intan, bang Doni-mbak Citra, mas Ronny, mas Ilmi, mbak Andien-mas Bagus, mbak Erlin, mbak Fahri, mbak Delphine, mbak Eva, mas Husni, mbak Iis, mbak Ria, mbak Jenny-koh Jeffrey, mbak Tiur, mbak Ira, mbak Inung, mbak Listi, mbak Vera, pak Zul, pak Rahmat, mbak Indri, mbak Eka, Jesco, Difa, mbak Ela, mbak Pamela, mbak Ratri, mbak Risma, mbak Yani, mbak Arum, mas Fikri, bang Juned, mas Yudhi, mas Hendra, mas Udin, mas Oky, mas Asrofi, mas Bintoro, mas Edy, mas Lutfi, mbak Laras, mas Evan, mbak Anita, mbak Linggar, mbak Karina, mas Iwan, mas Widi, mas Paulus, bang Festif, mbak Nisa, mbak Fia, mas Zaki Almuzakki, Rasyida (Ida), Ninda, Maisya (Icha), Yovi, Fanny-Anggar, Boni, Benito, Erlangga, Aldi, Kanya, Octa, Sasha, Keisia, Rose and others who I cannot mention one by one, thank you for being the best team ever.For all seniors and families in Groningen: Uwak Asiyah-oom Meno, budhe Ari-oom Herman, budhe Nanie-oom Fred, oom Yon-tante Indah, oom Archie-tante Mary, oom Rudie-tante Sylvia, oom Kanda, budhe Nunung, mbak Helen, mbak Siti, pak Tatang-bu Rohmah, pak

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Chapter 8Asmoro-bu Rini, pak Taufik-bu Tina, pak Hengki-bu Erna, mas Kus-mbak Fitri, mas Iging-mbak Desti, mas Krisna-mbak Icha, bli Kadek-mbak Laksmi, mas Zaky-mbak Sella, mas Azis-teh Nna, mas Donny-mbak Nieke, mas Fajar-mbak Monik, kang Bino-teh Susan, and mas Ali-mbak Yosay thank you for your help, kindness, warmth, and support during my stay in Groningen. May God bless you and your family!I also wish to thank all the faculty members, colleagues, and staff at the Faculty of Pharmacy - Universitas Indonesia, mostly for the head of Faculty: Dr. Mahdi Jufri, Dr. Arry Yanuar, and Prof.Abdul Mun’im, also the members of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology group: Dr.Iskandarsyah, Dr. Sutriyo, Dr. Silvia Surini, Ibu Rosmala Dewi, Ibu Juheini, Erny Sagita, DellyRamadon, Ayun Erwina Arifianti, Pak Imih, Pak Ery, mas Wisnu, and mas Indra. I would alsolike to extend my gratitude to Dr. Joshita Djajadisastra who introduced and opened theopportunity for me to continue my PhD at University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Prof.Yahdiana Harahap, as the former dean who gave full support for me to pursue my PhD with asandwich scheme. To Prof. Effionora Anwar, my undergraduate project and master thesissupervisor, for all your teachings that give me all the power to survive and to achieve my goalsduring my academic endeavor. I also appreciate the Dosmud for our marvelous friendship, sharing,and care that we have done. Without support from all of you, perhaps my PhD journey will beharder — also, special thanks to mas Adi for this stunning book cover design.Last but never the least, I would also like to extend my deepest gratitude to my parents, Papa-Mama, Bapak-Ibu, kak Rara, and Etty. Untuk Papa dan Mama, tidak ada kata yang dapat terucap dari Adit selain ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya karena telah mengantarkan Adit mencapai jenjang pendidikan tertinggi ini. Terima kasih untuk semua pengorbanan yang telah dilakukan. Tidak pernah ada mimpi sebelumnya, kalau Adit akhirnya dapat mencapai titik ini. Semua ini tidak lain dan tidak bukan karena lantunan-lantunan doa dan restu yang selalu Papa dan Mama panjatkan untuk anak mu ini. Untuk Bapak dan Ibu, terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya atas dukungan yang selalu Bapak dan Ibu berikan untuk keberhasilan dan kebahagiaan keluarga kami. Terima kasih karena sudah menjaga Salman selama kami berusaha menggapai cita-cita ini. Untuk kak Rara dan Etty, terima kasih atas dukungan yang selalu kalian berikan. Semoga Allah swt. selalu memberikan berkah-Nya, kebaikan, dan kebahagiaan untuk kalian semua. Selain itu, pada kesempatan ini pula, saya ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Keluarga Besar S. Soeseloredjo dan Keluarga Besar Soekarno atas segala bentuk dukungan yang telah diberikan. Semoga Allah membalas setiap kebaikan yang diberikan dengan kebaikan yang berlipat ganda. Aamiin ya rabbal ‘alamin.

Dear Nia -my wife and my life partner- I would like to dedicate this last paragraph for you and our son. Only God knows how grateful I am for everything you have given, unconditionally. I feel so blessed to have you. Thank you for your patience in taking care of Salman and I. May Allah always bless our family and keep our love bond until Jannah. Aamiin. Dear Salman, I believe that one day you will understand this writing. When that time comes, I want you to know that you come to bring more happiness to your parents’ life. You came when we were struggling to finish our PhD. Thank you for taking part in striving with us too, my strong boy! My love is always with you, unconditionally.

and now, let the new journey begin ,,,

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Canal Grande (Grand Canal), Venice, Italy