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UNIVERSITY OF GAZIANTEP
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
ME 499 GRADUATION PROJECT
Submitted to: Bahattin Kanber
Submitted By:Emre Dulkadir
ABSTRACT
MODELLING OF IMPLANTS AND ANALYSIS
EMRE DULKADIR
GRADUATION PROJECT
SUPERVISOR:ASST.PROF.DR.BAHATTIN KANBER
JUNE 2011
In this Project, implants, dental prosthesis are modelled on CATIA V5R19 step by step and
these were brought together with jaw bones and all of collected parts are analysed on ANSYS
Workbench.This project also consist informations how we use these programs and their
properties.
CONTENTS
1. DENTAL IMPLANTS ........................................................................................................... 1
2. DENTAL PROSTHESIS ....................................................................................................... 2
3. MODELLING IMPLANTS AND PROSTHESIS ON CATIA V5R19 ................................ 3
3.1. IMPLANT 1 ..................................................................................................................... 3
3.1.1 Drawing the Sketch of Implant 1 ............................................................................... 3
3.1.2. Shaft Command ......................................................................................................... 4
3.1.3. Multi-Section Solid Command ................................................................................. 5
3.1.4. Helix Command ....................................................................................................... 9
3.1.5. Designing Notch on the Implant ............................................................................ 12
3.1.6. Edge Fillet Command ............................................................................................. 14
3.2. IMPLANT 2 ................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.1 Drawing the Sketch of Implant 2 ............................................................................. 17
3.2.2. Shaft Command ....................................................................................................... 18
3.2.3. Multi-Section Solid Command ............................................................................... 19
3.2.4. Helix Command ..................................................................................................... 22
3.2.5. Designing Notch on the Implant ............................................................................ 25
3.2.6. Edge Fillet Command ............................................................................................. 27
3.3. CREATING DENTAL PROSTHESIS .......................................................................... 29
3.4. ASSEMBLY DESIGN ................................................................................................... 32
4. ANALYSIS PARTS ON ANSYS WORKBENCH ............................................................ 39
4.1. FIRST ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 45
4.2. SECOND ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 54
5. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................... 62
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1. DENTAL IMPLANTS
A dental implant is an artificial replacement for the root part of a tooth. An implant takes the
form of a small metal post which is screw or cylinder shaped and is usually made of titanium.
Titanium is the most popular material used as this works well with living bone and tissue with
living bone and tissue, without any risk of rejection or inflammation. Other materials can be
used which include titanium alloy, stainless steel and zirconium.
The implant is inserted into your jawbone and allowed time to fuse with the bone in a process
called ‘osseointegration’. Once this has happened, a replacement tooth called a restoration can
be fitted to it via a small attachment.
Implants can be placed in either your upper or lower jaw and can hold several teeth in place at
once.
An implant is seen as a prosthetic replacement for the problem of missing teeth although it
also falls into the cosmetic dentistry category. There are two types of implant:
Endosteal (‘Root Form’)
Subperiosteal
The subperiosteal implant usually takes the form of a metal framework which is placed onto
the jawbone just underneath the gums. This framework has small metal posts which protrude
through the gums. These enable the attachment of replacement teeth. This type of implant is
less commonly used.
The ‘Root Form’ implant is the most popular type of implant and is inserted into the jawbone.
Figure 1.1
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2. DENTAL PROSTHESIS
The term dental prosthesis refers to artificial tooth or teeth replacements. These prostheses
can range from simple caps that help repair a single tooth, to full dental prostheses that are
intended to replace every tooth, commonly known as dentures.
There are various materials which can be used for the prosthesis. Prosthesis for dental
implants are most commonly made from Ceramic materials - Porcelain being the most widely
selected choice. Benefits of Porcelain include its very high strength and natural appearance.
More recently a move towards other ceramics has been seen with prosthodontists opting for
newer materials such as lithium dislocate. These newer ceramics have a higher fracture
resistance compared to other porcelains used for dental restorations.
Figure 2.1
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3. MODELLING IMPLANTS AND PROSTHESIS ON CATIA V5R19 :
3.1. IMPLANT 1
3.1.1. Drawing The Sketch of Implant 1 :
I opened new file on CATIA (START-MECHANICAL DESIGN-PART DESIGN)
This is the first step of the Project, I start the Project by sketching the sectional wiev of the
implant, by using the dimensions which we measured the implant carefully by a micrometer.
In this step firstly lines were drawn in manner but this sketch could not be created directly so I
created the implant step by step and part by part. I drew this sectional wiev to help me about
dimensions and locations.
Figure 3.1.1.1
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3.1.2. Shaft Command :
The first section of the part was placed and I used shaft command and first solid was created.
By using this shaft command I created the part easily if we want, we can create different
shapes by alternative degree selection, thick profiles etc. on the icon.
Figure 3.1.2.1
Figure 3.1.2.2
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3.1.3. Multi-Section Solid Command :
Command or Multi-section Solid Surface is the leading order in Catia, 3D complex shapes are
created from this command.
Then I continued to create the next part. At this section I placed circle on the above shaft and I
chose xy plane and I put the next circle. After the putting these circles I used multi section
command and I created the second solid.(This command belongs to VIEW-TOOLBARS-
SKETCH_BASED FEATURES)
Figure 3.1.3.1
Figure 3.1.3.2
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Figure 3.1.3.3
After that I created new plane (REFERENCE ELEMENTS toolbar) to help me to create end
part of the solid. I defined place of plane and it was placed.
Figure 3.1.3.4
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After creating new plane I put first circle on the shaft and the other circle on new plane. I used
multi section command again and the last part was created.
Figure 3.1.3.5
Figure 3.1.3.6
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After all of these applications I created basic shape of first implant.
Figure 3.1.3.7
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3.1.4. Helix Command:
This command is important and useful to create spring, screw...etc. I created the threads with
this command.
First I changed my working type to create helix (START-SHAPE-GENERATIVE SHAPE
DESIGN). Then I put our line that thread follows. This line passes middle of the implant.
Figure 3.1.4.1
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Now we create first helix for our upper threads.I used WIREFRAME toolbar.(VIEW-
TOOLBARS-WIREFRAME).Creating a helix depends on our design,for my Upper threads
measurements: pitch: 0,2 mm and height: 2 mm,taper angle:20.
Figure 3.1.4.2
Next step is, putting a small circle on this helix to create threads. Radius of this circle: 0,075
mm. For threads of upper are so small so ı use small radius for this side.
Figure 3.1.4.3
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After putting this circle we use slot command and threads are created. Features for slot
command we choose line that middle of the implant for profile, helix for centre curve, pulling
direction for profile control and click merge slot’s end.
Figure 3.1.4.5
Then I create new helix with these measurements: pitch: 1, 2 mm, height: 10 mm, taper
degree: 2 0
for down side of the implant. All of the other steps are applied for down side like
upper side but I put bigger radius circle(r=0, 9 mm) and I create down threads. But I put
bigger radius circle(r=0, 9 mm) and I create down threads.
Figure 3.1.4.6
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3.1.5. Designing Notch on the Implant:
Now we use slot command for bottom side to create holes but we create new line and draw
shape of hole. I put a circle bottom of the implant. (D=1 mm)
Figure 3.1.5.1
Now I create a path that this circle follows. I chose plane to create this line.
Figure 3.1.5.2
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Now I can use slot command. I use circle for profile, path for centre curve and choose keep angle. The
hole was created.
Figure 3.1.5.3
There were two holes at the bottom of the implant so I use mirror command and copied the second
hole to the opposite side.
Figure 3.1.5.4
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3.1.6. Edge Fillet Command:
Edge fillets are smooth transitional surfaces between two adjacent faces. With the use of a
constant radius: the same radius value is applied to the entire edges. Click the Edge Fillet icon
. The Edge Fillet Definition dialog box appears. Select the edges. The edge selected then
appears in the Objects to fillet field. CATIA displays the radius value. Clicking Preview
previews the fillet to be created. Two propagation modes are available: Minimal, Tangency. If
you set the Tangency mode, the option "Trim ribbons" becomes available; you can then trim
the fillets to be created. Use Limiting Elements to limit the fillet. When filleting an edge, the
fillet may sometimes affect other edges of the part, depending on the radius value you
specified. With the Edges to keep option the application detects these edges and stops the
fillet to these edges.
I used this command for implant because the implant was not created like an implant. Corners
are sharp so I filet these places. I choose threads and fillet with 0, 02 mm.
Figure 3.1.6.1
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I used this command for down side with 0,2 mm.
Figure 3.1.6.2
I used this command again for bottom of the implant with 1 mm.
Figure 3.1.6.3
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After all of these applications I finished to create first implant.
Figure 3.1.6.4
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3.2. IMPLANT 2
3.2.1. Drawing The Sketch of Implant 2:
I opened new file on CATIA (START-MECHANICAL DESIGN-PART DESIGN).
This is the second implant drawing commands, I started the Project by sketching the sectional
wiev of the implant, by using the dimensions which we measured the implant carefully by a
micrometer. In this step firstly lines were drawn in manner.
Figure 3.2.1.1
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3.2.2. Shaft Command:
The first section of the part was placed and I used shaft command and first solid was created.
By using this shaft command I created the part easily if we want, we can create different
shapes by alternative degree selection, thick profiles etc. on the icon.
Figure 3.2.2.1
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3.2.3. Multi-Section Solid Command:
Then I continued to create the next part. At this section I placed circle on the above shaft and I
chose xy plane and I put the next circle. After the putting these circles I used multi section
command and I created the second solid.
Figure 3.2.3.1
Figure 3.2.3.2
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Figure 3.2.3.3
After creating new plane I put first circle on the shaft and the other circle on new plane. I used
multi section command again and the last part was created.
Figure 3.2.3.4
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Figure 3.2.3.5
After all of these applications I created basic shape of second implant.
Figure 3.2.3.6
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3.2.4. Helix Command
This command is important for implant because we will create the thread with this command.
First we put our line that thread follows. This line passes middle of the implant.
Figure 3.2.4.1
Now we create first helix for our upper threads.Upper threads measurements: pitch: 0,2 mm
and height: 2 mm,taper angle:20.
Figure 3.2.4.2
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Next step is, putting a small circle on this helix to create threads. Radius of this circle: 0,075
mm. For threads of upper are so small so ı use small radius for this side.
Figure 3.2.4.3
After putting this circle we use slot command and threads are created. Features for slot
command we choose line that middle of the implant for profile, helix for centre curve, pulling
direction for profile control and click merge slot’s end.
Figure 3.2.4.4
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Then I create new helix with these measurements: pitch: 1, 2 mm, height: 10 mm, taper
degree: 2 0
for down side of the implant. All of the other steps are applied for down side like
upper side but I put bigger radius circle(r=0, 9 mm) and I create down threads.
Figure 3.2.4.5
Figure 3.2.4.6
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3.2.5. Designing Notch on the Implant:
Now we use slot command for bottom side to create holes but we create new line and draw
shape of hole. I put a circle bottom of the implant. (D=1 mm)
Figure 3.2.5.1
Now I create a path that this circle follows.
Figure 3.2.5.2
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Now I can use slot command. I use circle for profile, path for centre curve and choose keep
angle. The hole was created.
Figure 3.2.5.3
There were two holes at the bottom of the implant so I use mirror command and copied the
second hole to the opposite side.
Figure 3.2.5.4
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3.2.6. Edge Fillet Command:
I used this command for implant because the implant was not created like an implant. Corners
are sharp so I filet these places. I choose threads and fillet with 0, 02 mm.
Figure 3.2.6.1
I used this command for down side with 0, 2 mm.
Figure 3.2.6.2
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I used this command again for bottom of the implant with 0, 5 mm.
Figure 3.2.6.3
I created the implant.
Figure 3.2.6.4
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3.3.CREATING DENTAL PROSTHESIS
I created dental prosthesis for our implants. Implants hold this prosthesis. At this section I
mentioned step by step how I created it. First of all I used bone of inner in jaw. I prefer
SHAPE-IMAGE&SHAPE from under start menu and I opened my inner part file and I started
to create.
Figure 3.3.1
I click from right side SUBDIVISION SURFACE and there were a lot of points on the figure.
I used these points to create shape of teeth.
Figure 3.3.2
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I clicked one by one or together some of them and I moved these points upside or downside
and I created first shape of teeth.
Figure 3.3.3
Then I started to shape this. I tried to do as real shape of teeth. I used for this shaping on the
top side transformation features command window I translated or rotated teeth because teeth
and x-y-z axes break teeth. It gets my job easier. After I translated or rotated my axes I used
slot command (Start-Machine Design).I drew slot geometry and a path that slot followed this
path and I created first slot of teeth on front axis. On top axis and behind of teeth I applied
these criteria and first slot was defined also I used edge fillet command to shape teeth.
Figure 3.3.4
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Figure 3.3.5
We had 12 teeth on prosthesis so I applied these criteria one by one for each tooth and I
created prosthesis.
Figure 3.3.6
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3.4. ASSEMBLY DESIGN
I drew all parts that I need (implants and Prosthesis).I used in this section 4 implants (I copied one
more each implant), prosthesis, jawbones (inner, outer bones in the jaw).These jawbones were drawn
by my friends.
First I show my parts for this application.
Figure 3.4.1 (outer of the jaw)
Figure 3.4.2 (inner of the jaw)
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Figure 3.4.3 (implant 1 (2 item))
Figure 3.4.4 (implant 2 (2 item))
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Figure 3.4.5 (teeth(prosthesis))
I opened new file from CATIA menu(START-MECHANICAL DESIGN-ASSEMBLY
DESİGN).I called my necessary file with using PRODUCT STRUCTURE TOOLS toolbar
and I clicked EXISTING COMPONENT WITH POSITIONING icon.
Figure 3.4.6
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I placed all these parts their locations one by one. First I called jawbone and implants. I used
MANUPULATION command to place parts their locations
Figure 3.4.7
And then I placed teeth on it.
Figure 3.4.8
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There is a special condition here I make holes for implants and I make these holes all of other
parts (inner and outer jawbone, teeth) from left side on steps I hide all bodies except inner
bone and I opened “part body” and clicked twice on it. I chose VIEW-TOOLS-BOOLEAN
OPERATION and I select REMOWE command on it. I selected for REMOWE: implant
FROM: inner bone and OK.
Figure 3.4.9
I apply these all of implants. After these application holes were created.
Figure 3.4.10
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And I did these holes for outer bone and teeth
Figure 3.4.11
Figure 3.4.12
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Finally my assembly was like in the figure.
Figure 3.4.13
After I finished my assembly design I saved my files. I followed these steps: FILE-SAVE
MANAGEMENT I saved my files separately.
Finally I saved my file with *.stp. Because I could not open this file in ANSYS
WORKBENCH directly so I opened it with SOLIDWORKS after CATIA and I saved my
files *.x.t parasolid files.
Everything was ready to analyse and I started to analyse from here.
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4.ANALYSIS PARTS ON ANSYS WORKBENCH
I opened Ansys workbench and I chose STATIC STRUCTURAL (ANSYS) from left side
toolbox.
Figure 4.1.1
After I chose the right window opened.
This window was important because I did
all of my operations using these titles one
by one. And now I will explain what I did.
Figure 4.1.2
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First I click “Engineering Data “icon and new windows were opened.
Figure 4.1.3
At this section I preferred my materials for implants, dental prosthesis and bones and I gave
their properties..These materials are:
Sponge Bone E=1,37 (GPa) Poisson’s ratio=0,3 for inner of jaw bone
Cortical Bone E=13,7 (GPa) Poisson’s ratio =0,3 for outer of jaw bone
Zirconium E=88 (GPa) Poisson’s ratio =0,34 for protsthesis
Titanium alloy for implants
From “Outline Filter “window I clicked general materials and from second window I found
Titanium Alloy and I clicked plus icon and this was added my project.
The other materials were not in Ansys Workbench Library so I added these. For these addings
first I clicked “Engineering Data” and from second window I clicked empty line and I wrote
my new material name and third window was activated .From left side on the toolbox I
clicked “Linear Elastic” icon and I preferred “Isotropic Elasticity”. On the third I wrote values
of Young Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio.
I applied these applications for each material and I added all of my materials on the top of the
window I clicked “Refresh Project” and “Update Project” icons so my operations were
applied on this project.
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Then I clicked second icon “Geometry” and I chose “Millimetre” from new window and
“OK”.
Figure 4.1.4
From right corner of the window I selected “File-Import External Geometry File” and I
choose my Parasolid File (*.stp).
Figure 4.1.5
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And I clicked right and then I chose
“Generate” command and shape were
created on Ansys Workbench window.
Figure 4.1.7
From main Workbench window I clicked Model icon
and the new window was opened (MECHANICAL)
.From left side I click right “mesh” icon and I chose
“Generate” and shape was meshed.
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Figure 4.1.9
I continued my applications from left icons. First I clicked “Geometry” icon.
Figure 4.1.10
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I chose one by one part from
“Geometry” (first arrow); I chose
materials of parts (second arrow).
Then I clicked “Static Structural”
icon and I chose fixed support from
“Analysis Settings”. I fixed my jaws
from some places which I obtained
before.
Figure 4.1.12
Then I clicked again “Static Structural” icon and I chose “Force” from “Analysis Settings”. I
applied force and their values which I obtained before.
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4.1.FIRST ANALYSIS
I added two forces and I obtained their position like figure. I placed these two forces at rear
teeth and a human jaw bone carries about 50 kg =500 N so I thought Ftotal=500 N in my
calculations.
Figure 4.1.1
Then I clicked force from left side and I
wrote their values (each force is 250
N.)and I clicked (right) “Solution” and I
added “Insert-Stress-
Equivalent(VonMisses)”.
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I added different solution for each part. After I chose one by one these stress and I chose
parts one by one. While I was doing this operation for selected part, I hid the other parts from
“Geometry” icon. I clicked right button for a parts and I clicked “Hide All Other Bodies”. I
did this operation each part because I wanted to analyse each part one by one.
Then I chose “Solution” again I clicked
“Evaluate all Results”.
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RESULTS OF FIRST ANALYSIS
For Cortical Bone:
Figure 4.1.4
Max. Stress was occurred that cave
of implants (Front) for cortical
bone.
Figure 4.1.5
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For Sponge Bone:
Figure 4.1.6
Max. Stress was occurred
that cave of implants
(Front) for cortical bone.
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For Dental Prosthesis:
Figure 4.1.8
Max. Stress was occurred again that
cave of implants for dental prosthesis
teeth.
Figure 4.1.9
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For Implant 1:
Figure 4.1.10
Max. Stress occurred at
threads of the implant.
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For Implant 2:
Figure 4.1.12
Max. Stress occurred at threads of the
implant.
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For Implant 3:
Figure 4.1.14
Max. Stress occurred at
threads of the implant.
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For Implant 4:
Figure 4.1.16
Max. Stress occurred at top of
the implant
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4.2.SECOND ANALYSIS
I added two forces and I obtained again their position like figure. I placed these two forces at
front teeth.
Figure 4.2.1
The other applications are same as first analysis. I clicked force from left side and I wrote
their values (each force is 250 N)And I clicked (right) “Solution” and I added “Insert-Stress-
Equivalent (VonMisses)”.
I added different solution for each part. After I chose one by one these stress and I chose
parts one by one. While I was doing this operation for selected part, I hid the other parts from
“Geometry” icon. I clicked right button for a parts and I clicked “Hide All Other Bodies”. I
did this operation each part because I wanted to analyse each part one by one.
Then I chose “Solution” again I clicked “Evaluate all Results”.
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RESULTS OF SECOND ANALYSIS
For Cortical Bone:
Figure 4.2.2
Max. Stress was occurred that cave of implants
(Front) for cortical bone.
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For Sponge Bone:
Figure 4.2.4
Max. Stress was occurred that cave of
implants (Front) for sponge bone.
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For Dental Prosthesis:
Figure 4.2.6
Max. Stress was occurred again that
cave of implants for dental prosthesis
teeth.
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For Implant 1:
Figure 4.2.8
Max. Stress occurred at threads of
the implant.
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For Implant 2:
Figure 4.2.10
Max. Stress occurred at threads
of the implant 2.
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For Implant 3:
Figure 4.2.12
Max. Stress occurred at threads of
the implant 3.
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For Implant 4:
Figure 4.2.14
Max. Stress occurred at top of
the implant 4.
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5.CONCLUSION
I acquired valuable knowledge and skills while I was working on this project. At the
beginning of this project I knew Catia and Ansys a little bit and sometimes I was in trouble
but then I researched informations about these programs, watched educational videos, talked
to my supervisor finally I managed to solve problems. These solved problems of the
project began to take me pleasure with all of these situations I was able to improve my
mechanical software skills.
This term has broadened my knowledge of engineering principles as well as gained many
valuable traits required to be a good engineer.
ANSYS is used for a lot of analysis (Fluid Mechanics, Structural Analysis, Design Analysis
etc...) and CATIA&SOLIDWORKS is used for designs (Surfacing & Shape Design,
Equipment Design) in big companies so I hope when I write these experiments on my CV, I
work for a big company.