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Presentations

The Art of Oral Presentations

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Outline of Talk

Why do presentations?

What are the range of presentations?

How to organize presentations?

What should be the content?

What aids can be used for presentations?

How to improve your presentation skills?

How to improve your listening skills?

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Outline of Talk

Why do presentations?

What are the range of presentations?

How to organize presentations?

What should be the content?

What aids can be used for presentations?

How to improve your presentation skills?

How to improve your listening skills?

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Why do Presentations?

To present information

To influence people

“The best idea...”

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What are the range of presentations?

Interviews

5 minute extemporaneous: Executive

5 minute extemporaneous: Brainstorming

Poster session to known, unknown audience: 10 minutes (planned)

Professional conference:15-25 minutes

Department presentation: 60 minutes

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Formal Orals Presentation

Know your audience

Know the subject (you are the EXPERT)

Rehearse

Know what you want to achieve

Are there time constraints? YES

Level of detail: NOT TOO MUCH IN TALK OR CHARTS

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How to Organize Presentation?

Some use 3T method Tell them what you want to tell them (intro) Tell them Tell them at the end (summary)

Beginning, middle, end

Organization of middle can be held together by various structures chronology, location, key points, etc. step 1, step 2, ….

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Outline

Tell audience what is coming

Gives structure to presentation

Can be used for transition from one element to another

Number and maybe date charts in footnote

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Outline of Talk

Why do presentations?

What are the range of presentations?

How to organize presentations?

What should be the content?

What aids can be used for presentations?

How to improve your presentation skills?

How to improve your listening skills?

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Beginning

Defines the topicWhy is the topic importantHistorical backgroundGets the interest and attention of the audienceEstablishes creditabilityPreviews the body of your presentation

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Elements of a Strong Beginning

Use a relevant quote, story, question or research results as an attention-getter

State your topic, relate it to your audience and preview points to be presented

Practice your introduction so it can be delivered with confidence, sincerity and conviction

IS THE TOUGHEST PART OF A PRESENTATION

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Elements of a Strong Middle

Establish the main points

Decide the most effective order

Support your ideas and opinions with relevant examples, statistics or other documentation

Support your conclusion with logic and fact

Detailed information given but not too muchRefer to written paper for more detailsRefer to more details after completion of talk

Discuss alternatives

Discuss reasons for decisions

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Ending: Leave With a Message

Summarize what was said

Show how goals were met

Discuss where to next, what is undone

Never end by saying “that’s all”

Say thank you for your attention

Ask for questions, clarifications

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Content Issues

Organize material, ideas

Eliminate redundant or irrelevant information

Group ideas by themes and select key theme

Identify presentation format Chronological [step 1step 2…] Problem solving [situationdifficultysoution] Accomplishment [objectiveresult]

Make sure not to plagiarize

Reference data sources

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What are Presentation Aids?: Visual

As a speaker, you are the most important visualVisuals come in many formats: slides, overheads, videoConsistency, size, intensity, color, copyability of visuals are importantMake sure type is simple, readable and lines are short audience will be reading rather than listening

Amount of information: Not too muchTry to have less than six lines of informationUse slide numbering, company logos, and sometimes dates footnote tagging

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Use Appropriate Logos but Do Not Overwhelm

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Visual Don’ts

Do not use dark background templates which may make text difficult to read and figures difficult to view

Do not use template graphics that overwhelm your material

Do not overuse Clip Art graphical images

Do not use sentences, use phrases for brevity

DO NOT USE UNUSUAL FONTS OR ALL CAPS

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Visual Don’ts

Readability of font style depends on use of sans serif or serif characters

Sans-Serif [without feet or tails] – Arial, Comic San MS Cleaner text, more white space between individual characters

Serif [with feet or tails] – Times New Roman Appropriate for normal text Seems to lead reader across text in natural flow, result is better

readability.

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Verbal Don’ts

Do not recite or learn by heart

Do not read word by word from charts or notes

Do not use informal language

Do not use verbal pauses [ums, ers,…]

Do not speak in a monotone

Use laser pointer to lead audience

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Assorted Charts Examples

Bad / good word charts

Technical charts with a conclusion

Technical quad chart

Programmatic quad chart

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Example: Preamble of Constitution

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Great material, poor presentation formatting

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People Establish Government

Promote Peace, General Welfare

Procure Liberty For Now & Future

Give Name To The Nation

Preamble Based Upon Indian Constitution Of 200 Years Earlier

Preamble of Constitution

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Definition & Measurement of Engine Noise SourcesPredominant noise source varies with engine and installation

Fan inlet noise

Fan exhaust noise

Turbine noise

Combustion noise

Compressor noise

Jet noise

Technical chartwith a conclusion

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Calibration Database: UTRC ART Round Jet Database Parametrics: Mj = 0.6, 0.9; Toj = 80oF, 1000oF; M = 0.0, 0.3

Identify Noise Source Localization Phased Array, Far field array

Develop Mechanistic Understanding of Noise Generation

Generate Databases for Code Validation

Identify New Jet Decay Physics, e.g. TT, U Decay Rate Different (PrT Effect)

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

0.65

-2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Vertical Traverse (diameters)

Mac

h N

um

ber

0.25

5

10

15

20

25

Mj=0.6 Mach Number TraversesMj=0.6 Mach Number Traverses

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

log (Axial Distance (diameters))

log

[(M

j-M

t)/(

Mu

-Mt)

]

Mj=.9, cold, Mt=.3 (R115P2)

Mj=.9, cold, Mt=0 (R114P2)

Mj=.6, cold, Mt=.3 (R116P1)

Mj=.6, cold, Mt=0 (R113P3)

slope = -1.0

slope = -1.0

slope = -1.0

slope = -1.0

potential core length = 4.92 D

potential core length = 7.1 D

potential core length = 5.05

potential core length = 6.48

Normalized Centerline Mach Number DecayNormalized Centerline Mach Number Decay

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1998 - Casing Treatment Development

Key Milestones• Design a moderate efficiency (within 0.3%

of smoothwall) VPCT for a POC engine that provides 15% surge margin and meets durability requirements

• Define a HPC casing treatment design that desensitizes rotor stage flow capacity and stall margin to standard changes in blade tip clearance/chord levels.

Accomplishments• Mechanistic model of casing treatment flow

was developed. A post processing tool based on model was prepared to assist CT designers.

• Preliminary design rules for HPC CT application were developed and documented in report.

Impact and IP Status• UTRC and PW have formed an integrated

CT design team enabling timely assess-ment of CT design concepts, problems with software, etc.

• Report was issued on the development of a CT mechanistic model and on preliminary set of RSCG design rules. The report alerted reader to proprietary nature of work.

Funding Level/AssessmentJoint $ 680K

CSR $ 50K

IDWA $ 60K

G

Performance Cost Schedule

G G

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How to Improve Presentation Skills?

Look at audience

Point to topics on the screen [use pointer]

Give overview of visual on screenAllow audience to understand “forest” before

focusing on “trees”

Do not block screen when talking or pointing

Show actual “hardware”

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How to Improve Presentation Skills?

Check to see that overheads are adjusted

Do not rattle keys, pointers, etc.

Do not move too much

Handle 3 person team presentations

BE AWARE OF TIME

Practice, Practice, Practice

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Effective Presentation Musts

Well organizedLogical flow of ideasConcisely presented ideasIdeas supported by examples, data, etc.Clear explanationsGood visual aidsSpeak clearly and at a reasonable speedBe well prepared and practicedDress appropriatelyMatch presentation to audienceUse good diction and grammar – avoid using slangBe confident in appearanceState conclusions supported by evidence

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No Excuses for a Poor Presentation

The audience was not interested

The presentation time was too short

I did not have enough time to prepare the presentation

My partner did not deliver the needed charts

The presentation charts, videos, … did not display properly

The computer system had problems

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Thank You For Your Attention

Good Luck in Your Presentations