¤ Karl Banks, CpE

¤ Chris Dorros, CpE

¤ Monica Nguyen, EE

¤ Tyler Zaino, CpE

SPONSOR:¤ David Norvell, PE, LEED AP, C.E.M.

Energy Manager

Sustainability & Energy Management

University of Central Florida

77

¤ System for tracking the university’s shuttles¤ Harmony of hardware and software¤ System of subsystems¤ Effort to increase the use of UCF shuttle service

and ultimately decrease traffic around the university (or so we hope)

¤ Support all shuttles both on campus and off campus¤ Equip all shuttles with their own unique transmitter unit¤ No monthly cellular contract¤ Waterproof and thoroughly resistant to continuous

exposure to severe weather conditions¤ Cross-browser compatible¤ Display each active bus route in color-coded fashion¤ Allow user to filter map data by the route of each bus

¤ GPS data accurate to a maximum differential of 10

m

¤ 3 mile line of sight radius of the main receiver tower

¤ Standard 12V power supply unit

¤ No more than 5 lbs

¤ No larger than 12” x 12” x 5”

¤ Full functionality for 10,000 users at any given time

see what I did there?

Transmitting System

Receiving System

¤ 20-channel receiver¤ Built in patch antenna¤ Hot Start: 1s, Warm Start: 38s, Cold Start: 42s

Led indicator: off- receiver switch off; on- signal searching, flashing- position locked

¤ Extremely high sensitivity of -159dBm (note: which can pick up signals 1000x weaker then the typical signal at the -160dBW level)

¤ 10m Position Accuracy¤ Accepts supply voltage input range of 4.5V~6.5V DC¤ Power Consumption of 44mA¤ Operating Temperature of -40°C to 85°C

30mm

¤ Dual Axis Accelerometer¤ Sensor measurement range of +/- 1.2g ¤ Turn on time of 20ms¤ Accepts supply voltage range of 3V ~ 6V DC¤ Operating temperature of -40°C to 85°C

5mm

¤ A single 0.1 μF capacitor is connected from VCC to GND which adequately decouples the accelerometer from noise on the power supply

¤ 0.1uF capacitors are added at XFilter and YFilter pins to implement low-pass filtering for antialiasing and noise reduction

¤ A 1MΩ resistor is added to the circuit to set the period to complete one duty cycle

¤ Low power 8-bit microcontroller¤ Clock Rate of 16MHz¤ 4 serial I/O ¤ Has analog to digital converter¤ Operating temperature of -40°C to 85°C¤ As opposed to ATmega328 16mm

¤ Satellite Greatest coverage Requires monthly fees

¤ Cellular Second greatest coverage Requires monthly fees

¤ Radio Frequency Least coverage No monthly costs

¤ Low power and FCC (Federal Communications Commission) approved

¤ Operates within 900MHz frequency ISM band Modem uses frequency band of 902-928MHz

¤ Outdoor RF line-of-sight: range of up to 40 miles with high gain antenna

¤ Receiver sensitivity of -110dBm¤ Tx current: 730mA; Rx current: 80mA for power

output of 1W¤ Accepts supply voltage range of 2.8V ~ 5.5V DC¤ Transmit power output of 1mW ~ 1W¤ Operating Temperature of -40°C to 85°C

¤ Utilizes Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) Agility to avoid interference by hoping to a new frequency

on every packet transmission or re-transmission

¤ Overall Vast range coverage Requires minimal power Small form factor saves board space

61mm37mm

¤ 900MHz Dipole Antenna

¤ Gain of 2.15 dBi +/- 1

¤ Frequency 915MHz (902MHz ~ 928MHz)

171mm

¤ Fiberglass Omni-directional 900MHz

¤ Frequency 915MHz (902MHz ~ 928MHz)

¤ Gain of 8.1 dBi

¤ Maximum power input of 100W

¤ RoHS Compliant (Restriction of

Hazardous Substances)

65in

¤ Weather Proof ¤ Outdoor RF line-of-sight: range of up to 40 miles

with high gain antenna¤ Receiver Sensitivity -110dBm¤ Rx current: 110mA; Tx current: 900mA for

power output of 1W¤ Low power Supply Voltage 7-28V¤ Operating Temperature -40°C to 85°C

5.5in

¤ What is Arduino? An open source electronics development platform

¤ Why Arduino? Extensive libraries speed up development time Easier to load code onto our board - especially useful for SW

updates Large community of developers Written in C language

¤ Written in C¤ Basic outline of code:

Initialization Pin numbers RF modem parameter settings

Runtime (infinite loop) Collect GPS & Accelerometer data Transmit over RF modem

Functions – both initialization and runtime

¤ Serial (UART) connection between GPS and Microcontroller¤ Baud rate: 9600 bps¤ Data is received in NMEA format:¤ $GPGGA,161229.487,3723.2475,N,12158.3416,W,1,07,1.0,30.0,M,*18

Protocol h

eader

UTC Time

Latitu

de

North/South In

dicator

Longitu

de

East/West

Indicator

Position Fix

Indicator

# of Satellit

es Use

d

Altitude (M

ean Sea Level)

Altitude Units

Checksu

m

Dilutio

n of Precis

ion

¤ Analog input, converted to Digital signal via

Analog to Digital converter built into

Microcontroller

¤ Maps input voltage from 0 and 5V to integers

between 0 and 1023

¤ Required to determine if bus engine is running¤ Data collected from the accelerometer is run

through an algorithm on the microcontroller to calculate this

¤ Calculation is done onboard since fast sampling (on the order of milliseconds) is required

¤ Equation and algorithm in work – need to gather sample data from a bus while the engine is running

¤ Digital pins required for RF modem operation controlled via code Example pins: Shutdown, CTS

¤ Pins controlled in software ¤ Packaged GPS & Accelerometer data is sent to

the RF modem via Serial interface Baud rate: 9600bps Send out every half second

¤ Configuration required for RF Modems to communicate Source / destination addresses Baud rate of RF transmission

¤ Configured using AT commands through same serial channel “+++” to enter command mode “ATMYCD12<CR>”

AT – command prefix MY – source address CD12 – Hexadecimal value for address

9600bps 40 miles max

115200bps 20 miles max

chosen

¤ Arduino bootloader is flashed onto bare microcontroller hardware using Atmel In-System Programmer via ICSP pins

¤ Developed code loaded via RS-232 interface to microcontroller

¤ This allows for fast, easy software updates to the tracking device via the RS-232 interface

Atmel AVRISP mkIIIn-System Programmer

¤ Receives data from each tracking unit¤ Programmed via RS232 interface to computer

with X-CTU software (Digi)¤ Frequency-hopping spread spectrum¤ Repeaters will repeat all packets not addressed to

them¤ Receiving node collects all packets and sends out

serial interface

¤ Each packet of information will be in the same format, separated by carriage returns

¤ Sample output:¤ <<TTSBEGIN:2A13;28.607;-81.19986;1422350;02062011;1:TTSEND>>

Protocol h

eader

Bus ID #

Latitu

de

Longitu

de

Time (h

hmmssi)

i=incre

mented value

Date (yymmdd)

Protocol

tailEngine status

¤ Written in C# Outputs an executable file Has built in MySQL and Serial I/O libraries

¤ Deployed on a dedicated computer running Windows XP The RF modem is connected to the COM port of the

computer at all times A windows task is setup to run the program when the

computer boots

¤ Collects the data from the RF modem through the COM port of the server Bus Identifier

Unique integer that represents the shuttle the coordinates are being sent from

Longitude and Latitude coordinates Floating point numbers that represent the real-time location of the

shuttle

Accelerometer data Boolean value representing the real-time state of the shuttle

Date and Time Current date and time the bus data is collected

¤ Process the packets of data The data is received in packets from the microcontroller The Data Processor analyzes these packets and strip down

the data into useable information This information is stored within the program and is

analyzed

¤ Analyzing the data Checks to ensure all the data is accounted for within the

packet This ensures that information that is written to the database isn’t

missing any crucial components

Checks to ensure the coordinate points are valid If the GPS is not connected it returns the longitude and latitude

points 10000°N and 10000°E This ensures that any incorrect coordinates don’t make their way

to the database

¤ Passes the data to the database for the Webserver Coded within the program using the MySQL library to write

to the information to the database All data is written to the DATA_BUS_COORDS in the database

Variable Name Type Description

Global

ucfdb MySqlConnection Connection to the database

sp SerialPort Serial Port connection

Local

input String Data from the Serial Port

data String Array Data after Parsing

b Bus Object Contains the data for a particular bus

Objects

Bus.id Int32 Identifier to the bus

Bus.latitude Double Latitude Coordinate of the Bus

Bus.longitude Double Longitude Coordinate of the Bus

Bus.Time String String representation of the time

Bus.Accelerometer Boolean Boolean representation of the engine status

Function Name Inputs Output Description

GetConnectionString() connName String Retrieves the database connection parameters from the XML configuration file

dbConnect() (none) MySqlConnection Creates and returns the connection to the database

getInput() (none) void Retrieves the data packets from the Serial Port

parseInput() input void Parses and Validates the data packet

dbWrite() b void Writes the validated data to the database

¤ ID : integer¤ isActive : boolean

¤ Maps Google Bing Yahoo MapQuest

¤ Application Programming Interface (API) Provides access and makes use of services and resources

provided by another particular software program

¤ Computer Program vs. Web Application Interactivity vs. system requirements Compatibility is key

¤ Real-time view of the UCF shuttle transit system¤ Map of the local UCF area, with each route

highlighted in a unique color¤ User has the option to toggle the visibility of each

route on/off, through an options panel on the side of the screen

¤ Each active bus appears with its own icon based on the most recent coordinates sent from the RF modem

¤ As the bus moves, the icon updates and moves in real-time

Main Receiver – Tower II

Repeater – Physical Sciences