UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL … paper 3.pdfUNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL...

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSInternational General Certificate of Secondary Education

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (i.e. acceleration of free fall = 10 m/s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

*6625042981*

PHYSICS 0625/32

Paper 3 Extended October/November 2008

1 hour 15 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

2

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1 (a) A truck of mass 12 kg is rolling down a very slight incline as shown in Fig. 1.1.

12 kg

Fig. 1.1

The truck travels at constant speed.

Explain why, although the truck is on an incline, it nevertheless does not accelerate.

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The slope of the incline is increased. As a result of this, the truck now accelerates.

(i) Explain why there is now acceleration.

.................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write down an equation linking the resultant force on the truck and the acceleration of the truck.

[1]

(iii) The truck’s acceleration is 2.0 m/s2.

Calculate the resultant force on the truck.

resultant force = ................................................ [2]

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(c) The friction force up the slope in (b)(iii) was 14.0 N.

By suitable lubrication, the friction force is now almost totally removed.

(i) Calculate the new acceleration of the truck.

acceleration = ................................................ [3]

(ii) The lubricated truck travels down the incline, starting from rest at the top of the incline. It takes 2.5 s to reach the bottom of the incline.

Calculate its speed as it reaches the bottom of the incline.

speed = ................................................ [2]

(d) The incline is reduced to the original value and the lubricated truck is placed on it.

Describe the motion of the truck when it is released.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a circular metal disc of mass 200 g, freely pivoted at its centre.

pivot

Fig. 2.1

Masses of 100 g, 200 g, 300 g, 400 g, 500 g and 600 g are available, but only one of each value. These may be hung with string from any of the holes. There are three small holes on each side of the centre, one at 4.0 cm from the pivot, one at 8.0 cm from the pivot and one at 12.0 cm from the pivot.

The apparatus is to be used to show that there is no net moment of force acting on a body when it is in equilibrium.

(a) On Fig. 2.1, draw in two different value masses hanging from appropriate holes. The values of the masses should be chosen so that there is no net moment. Alongside the masses chosen, write down their values. [2]

(b) Explain how you would test that your chosen masses give no net moment to the disc.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Calculate the moments about the pivot due to the two masses chosen.

moment due to first mass = .....................................................

moment due to second mass = .....................................................[2]

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(d) Calculate the force on the pivot when the two masses chosen are hanging from the disc.

force = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 7]

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3 (a) A submarine descends to a depth of 70 m below the surface of water.

The density of the water is 1050 kg/m3. Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa.

Calculate

(i) the increase in pressure as it descends from the surface to a depth of 70 m,

increase in pressure = ................................................ [2]

(ii) the total pressure on the submarine at a depth of 70 m.

total pressure = ................................................ [1]

(b) On another dive, the submarine experiences a total pressure of 6.5 × 105 Pa. A hatch cover on the submarine has an area of 2.5 m2.

Calculate the force on the outside of the cover.

force = ................................................ [2]

(c) The submarine undergoes tests in fresh water of density 1000 kg/m3.

Explain why the pressure on the submarine is less at the same depth.

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

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4 The whole of a sealed, empty, dusty room is kept at a constant temperature of 15 °C.Light shines into the room through a small outside window.

An observer points a TV camera with a magnifying lens into the room through a second small window, set in an inside wall at right angles to the outside wall.

Dust particles in the room show up on the TV monitor screen as tiny specks of light.

(a) In the space below draw a diagram to show the motion of one of the specks of light over a short period of time.

[1]

(b) After a period of one hour the specks are still observed, showing that the dust particles have not fallen to the floor.

Explain why the dust particles have not fallen to the floor. You may draw a labelled diagram to help your explanation.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) On another day, the temperature of the room is only 5 °C. All other conditions are the same and the specks of light are again observed.

Suggest any differences that you would expect in the movement of the specks when the temperature is 5 °C, compared to before.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows apparatus that could be used to determine the specific latent heat of fusionof ice.

40 W electric heater

finely crushed ice

glass funnel

stand with clamps to holdfunnel and heater

Fig. 5.1

(a) In order to obtain as accurate a result as possible, state why it is necessary to

(i) wait until water is dripping into the beaker at a constant rate before taking readings,

.................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) use finely crushed ice rather than large pieces.

.................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The power of the heater and the time for which water is collected are known. Write down all the other readings that are needed to obtain a value for the specific latent heat of fusion of ice.

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(c) (i) Using a 40 W heater, 250 g of water is heated for 3.0 minutes. The temperature rise of the water is 5.9 °C.

Use these values to calculate a value for the specific heat capacity of water.

specific heat capacity = ................................................ [3]

(ii) The accepted value for the specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J/(g °C).

State one possible reason why the value you obtained in (c)(i) is different from this.

........................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

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6 Fig. 6.1 shows a cross-section through a swimming pool.

40° 50°

water

air

A B

lamp

Fig. 6.1

(a) A ray of monochromatic light from a lamp at the bottom of the pool strikes the surface at A, as shown.

(i) State what is meant by monochromatic light.

........................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The water in the swimming pool has a refractive index of 1.33.

Using information from Fig. 6.1, calculate the angle of refraction at A.

angle of refraction = ................................................ [3]

(iii) On Fig. 6.1, draw the refracted ray. [1]

(b) The critical angle for the water-air surface is 48.8°.

Another ray of monochromatic light from the lamp strikes the surface at B, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

(i) State and explain what happens to the ray after reaching B.

.................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) On Fig. 6.1, draw this ray. [1]

[Total: 8]

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7 Fig. 7.1 shows a scale drawing of plane waves approaching a gap in a barrier.

direction of travelof plane waves

barrier

Fig. 7.1

(a) On Fig. 7.1, draw in the pattern of the waves after they have passed the gap. [3]

(b) The waves approaching the barrier have a wavelength of 2.5 cm and a speed of 20 cm/s. Calculate the frequency of the waves.

frequency = ................................................ [2]

(c) State the frequency of the diffracted waves.

................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows a car battery being charged from a 200 V a.c. mains supply.

200 V ~car

battery

Fig. 8.1

(a) State the function of the diode.

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The average charging current is 2.0 A and the battery takes 12 hours to charge fully.

Calculate the charge that the battery stores when fully charged.

charge stored ................................................. [2]

(c) The battery has an electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 12 V and, when connected to a circuit, supplies energy to the circuit components.

State what is meant by an electromotive force of 12 V.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(d) (i) In the space below, draw a circuit diagram to show how two 6.0 V lamps should be connected to a 12 V battery so that both lamps glow with normal brightness. [1]

(ii) The power of each lamp is 8.0 W. Calculate the current in the circuit.

current = ................................................. [2]

(iii) Calculate the energy used by the two lamps when both are lit for one hour.

energy = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 10]

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9 Fig. 9.1 is a block diagram of an electrical energy supply system, using the output of a coal-fired power station.

step-uptransformer

powerstation

consumerstep-downtransformer

output

at 1100 V

output

at 240 Vat 32 000 V

transmissionoutput

Fig. 9.1

(a) Suggest one possible way of storing surplus energy when the demand from the consumers falls below the output of the power station.

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State why electrical energy is transmitted at high voltage.

................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) A transmission cable of resistance R carries a current I. Write down a formula that gives the power loss in the cable in terms of R and I.

................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The step-up transformer has 1200 turns on the primary coil. Using the values in Fig. 9.1, calculate the number of turns on its secondary coil. Assume that the transformer has no energy losses.

number of turns = ................................................ [2]

(e) The input to the step-up transformer is 800 kW.

Using the values in Fig. 9.1, calculate the current in the transmission cables, assuming that the transformer is 100% efficient.

current = ................................................ [3]

[Total: 8]

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10 Fig. 10.1 shows a circuit for a warning lamp that comes on when the external light intensity falls below a pre-set level.

+

–

low voltagesupply

Fig. 10.1

(a) On Fig. 10.1, label

(i) with the letter X the component that detects the change in external light intensity,

(ii) with the letter Y the lamp,

(iii) with the letter Z the component that switches the lamp on and off. [3]

(b) Describe how the circuit works as the external light intensity decreases and the lamp comes on.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 6]

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11 Fig. 11.1 shows the basic design of the tube of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO).

A

heater filament B C

Danode

cathode rays

Fig. 11.1

(a) On Fig. 11.1, write the names of parts A, B, C and D in the boxes provided. [2]

(b) State the function of:

part A, .............................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

part B. .............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) A varying p.d. from a 12 V supply is connected to a CRO, so that the waveform of the supply is shown on the screen.

To which of the components in Fig. 11.1

(i) is the 12 V supply connected,

........................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) is the time-base connected?

........................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

SPA (MML 13331 4/06) T25941/7© UCLES 2007 [Turn over



Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES

Answer all questions.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not useappropriate units.Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (i.e. acceleration of free fall = 10 m/s2).

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each questionor part question.

*8019038925*

PHYSICS 0625/03

Paper 3 Extended October/November 2007

1 hour 15 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

For Examiner’s Use

1

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3

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Total

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1 A large plastic ball is dropped from the top of a tall building.

Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for the falling ball until it hits the ground.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

20

15

10

5

0

time / s

speedm / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) From the graph estimate,

(i) the time during which the ball is travelling with terminal velocity,

time = ................................................ [1]

(ii) the time during which the ball is accelerating,

time = ................................................ [1]

(iii) the distance fallen while the ball is travelling with terminal velocity,

distance = ................................................ [2]

(iv) the height of the building.

height = ................................................ [2]

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(b) Explain, in terms of the forces acting on the ball, why

(i) the acceleration of the ball decreases,

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [3]

(ii) the ball reaches terminal velocity.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 11]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a track for a model car.

T

S

R

Q

P

0.4 m 0.4 m

0.5 m

Fig. 2.1

The car has no power supply, but can run down a sloping track due to its weight.

(a) The car is released at Q. It comes to rest just before it reaches S and rolls back.

(i) Describe the motion of the car after it starts rolling back and until it eventually comes to rest.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Explain in terms of energy transformations why the car, starting at Q, cannot pass S.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) A second car, of mass 0.12 kg, is released from P. It continues until it runs off the track at T.

Calculate the maximum speed that the car could have at T assuming friction in the car is negligible.

speed = ................................................ [3]

[Total: 6]

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3 (a) A spring of original length 3.0 cm is extended to a total length of 5.0 cm by a force of 8.0 N.

Assuming the limit of proportionality of the spring has not been reached, calculate the force needed to extend it to a total length of 6.0 cm.

force = ................................................ [3]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows the arrangement for an experiment on moments.

pivotF

spring

metre rule

Fig. 3.1

The spring exerts a force F on the metre rule.

(i) On Fig. 3.1, mark another quantity which must be measured to find the moment of the force F. [1]

(ii) State how the moment of the force F is calculated.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 5]

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4 Fig. 4.1 shows a sealed steel cylinder filled with high pressure steam.

steam

Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.2 shows the same cylinder much later when all the steam has condensed.

water

Fig. 4.2

(a) (i) Describe the movement of the molecules in the high pressure steam.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Explain how the molecules in the steam exert a high pressure on the inside walls of the cylinder.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) Describe, in terms of particles, the process by which heat is transferred through the cylinder wall.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) When all the steam has condensed, 75 g of water is in the cylinder.

Under these high pressure conditions, the specific latent heat of vaporisation of steam is 3200 J / g.

Calculate the heat lost by the steam as it condenses.

heat = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 8]

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows some apparatus which is to be used to compare the emission of infra-red radiation from four differently painted surfaces.

this sidepainted dull

black

this sidepainted shiny

white

metal box

this sidepainted dull

white

this sidepainted shiny

black

water inlet

Fig. 5.1

Near the centre of each side is an infra-red detector. The four detectors are identical.

A supply of very hot water is available.

(a) Describe how you would use this apparatus to compare the infra-red radiation from the four surfaces.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Suggest which surface will be the best emitter and which will be the worst emitter.

best emitter ...........................................

worst emitter ......................................... [1]

(c) The infra-red detectors are made from thermocouples soldered to blackened metal plates. These are connected to galvanometers.

In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of a thermocouple. [2]

[Total: 6]

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6 Virtual images may be formed by both plane mirrors and by convex lenses.

Fig. 6.1 shows a plane mirror and a convex lens.

F F

P

O

Fig. 6.1

(a) On Fig. 6.1, draw rays to locate the approximate positions of the images of the tops of the two arrow objects O and P.

Label the images. [5]

(b) Both images are virtual.

(i) What is meant by a virtual image?

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) State one other similarity between the two images.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) State one difference between the two images.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 8]

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7 (a) In the space below, draw a diagram to represent a sound wave.

On your diagram, mark and label

(i) two consecutive compressions and two consecutive rarefactions,

(ii) the wavelength of the wave.[3]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

X-RAYSINFRA–

RED

Fig. 7.1

(i) On Fig. 7.1, label the positions of γ-rays, visible light waves and radio waves. [1]

(ii) State which of the three types of wave in (i) has the lowest frequency.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) State the approximate value of the speed in air of radio waves.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 6]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows two electrical circuits.

V

AA

A

ammeter2

ammeter1

4.0 Ω

4.0 Ω

6.0 Ω6.0 Ω

circuit 1 circuit 2

P Q

P

Q

The batteries in circuit 1 and circuit 2 are identical.

Fig. 8.1

(a) Put ticks in the table below to describe the connections of the two resistors P and Q.

series parallel

circuit 1

circuit 2

[1] (b) The resistors P and Q are used as small electrical heaters.

State two advantages of connecting them as shown in circuit 2.

advantage 1 .....................................................................................................................

advantage 2 ............................................................................................................... [2]

(c) In circuit 1, the ammeter reads 1.2 A when the switch is closed.

Calculate the reading of the voltmeter in this circuit.

voltmeter reading = ................................................ [2]

(d) The two switches in circuit 2 are closed. Calculate the combined resistance of the two resistors in this circuit.

combined resistance = ................................................ [2]

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(e) When the switches are closed in circuit 2, ammeter 1 reads 5 A and ammeter 2 reads 2 A.

Calculate

(i) the current in resistor P,

current = ................................................ [1]

(ii) the power supplied to resistor Q,

power = ................................................ [1]

(iii) the energy transformed in resistor Q in 300 s.

energy = ................................................ [1]

[Total: 10]

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9 Electromagnetic induction may be demonstrated using a magnet, a solenoid and other necessary apparatus.

(a) Explain what is meant by electromagnetic induction.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus set up so that electromagnetic induction may be demonstrated. [2]

(c) Describe how you would use the apparatus to demonstrate electromagnetic induction.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) State two ways of increasing the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. in this experiment.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

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10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows an AND gate with two inputs A and B and one output.

A

B

output

Fig. 10.1

State the output when

(i) A is high and B is low,

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) both A and B are low.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) An electrical thermometer in a greenhouse gives a low output if the temperature is too low.

A humidity sensor in the same greenhouse gives a high output if the humidity in the greenhouse is too high.

An alarm sounds when both the temperature is too low and the humidity is too high.

(i) Complete the diagram below to show how a NOT gate and an AND gate may be used to provide the required output to the alarm. [2]

electrical thermometer

humidity sensor

alarm

(ii) On your diagram, use either ‘high’ or ‘low’ to indicate the level of the inputs and outputs of both gates when the alarm sounds. [2]

[Total: 6]

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11 Fig. 11.1 shows an experiment to test the absorption of β-particles by thin sheets of aluminium. Ten sheets are available, each 0.5 mm thick.

β-particle source

sheets of

aluminium

detector counter

Fig. 11.1

(a) Describe how the experiment is carried out, stating the readings that should be taken.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) State the results that you would expect to obtain.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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SP (SLM/KS) T04132/2© UCLES 2006 [Turn over

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education

PHYSICS

Paper 3 Extended

0625/03

October/November 2006

1 hour 15 minutesCandidates answer on the Question Paper.No Additional Materials are required.


Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (i.e. acceleration of free fall = 10 m/s2).

DO NOT WRITE IN THE BARCODE.

DO NOT WRITE IN THE GREY AREAS BETWEEN THE PAGES.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Total

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1 (a) A stone falls from the top of a building and hits the ground at a speed of 32 m/s. The air resistance-force on the stone is very small and may be neglected.

(i) Calculate the time of fall.

time = ............................

(ii) On Fig. 1.1, draw the speed-time graph for the falling stone.

10

0

20

30

40

10 2 3 4

speedm/s

time/s

Fig. 1.1

(iii) The weight of the stone is 24 N. Calculate the mass of the stone.

mass = ............................ [5]

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(b) A student used a suitable measuring cylinder and a spring balance to find the density of a sample of the stone.

(i) Describe how the measuring cylinder is used, and state the readings that are taken.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe how the spring balance is used, and state the reading that is taken.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

(iii) Write down an equation from which the density of the stone is calculated.

..................................................................................................................................

(iv) The student then wishes to find the density of cork. Suggest how the apparatus and the method would need to be changed.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [6]

4

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2 In an experiment, forces are applied to a spring as shown in Fig. 2.1a. The results of this experiment are shown in Fig. 2.1b.

spring

ruler

weights

4.0

0

8.0

12

16

2.00 4.0 6.0

force/N

extension/mm

Q

P

R

Q

P

R

Fig. 2.1a Fig. 2.1b

(a) What is the name given to the point marked Q on Fig. 2.1b?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) For the part OP of the graph, the spring obeys Hooke’s Law. State what this means.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) The spring is stretched until the force and extension are shown by the point R on the graph. Compare how the spring stretches, as shown by the part of the graph OQ, with that shown by QR.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) The part OP of the graph shows the spring stretching according to the expression

F = kx.

Use values from the graph to calculate the value of k.

k = ..................................[2]

5


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© UCLES 2006

3 Fig. 3.1 shows water falling over a dam.

dam falling water

7.0 m

Fig. 3.1

(a) The vertical height that the water falls is 7.0 m. Calculate the potential energy lost by 1.0 kg of water during the fall.

potential energy = ........................[2]

(b) Assuming all this potential energy loss is changed to kinetic energy of the water, calculate the speed of the water, in the vertical direction, at the end of the fall.

speed = ........................[3]

(c) The vertical speed of the water is less than that calculated in (b). Suggest one reason for this.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

6

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© UCLES 2006

4 Some water is heated electrically in a glass beaker in an experiment to find the specific heat capacity of water. The temperature of the water is taken at regular intervals.

The temperature-time graph for this heating is shown in Fig. 4.1.

0

20

10

40

30

60

50

0 60 120 180 240 300time / s

temperature / °C

Fig. 4.1

(a) (i) Use the graph to find

1. the temperature rise in the first 120 s, ............................

2. the temperature rise in the second 120 s interval. ............................

(ii) Explain why these values are different.

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) The experiment is repeated in an insulated beaker. This time, the temperature of the water increases from 20 °C to 60 °C in 210 s. The beaker contains 75 g of water. The power of the heater is 60 W. Calculate the specific heat capacity of water.

specific heat capacity = ........................[4]

7


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© UCLES 2006

(c) In order to measure the temperature during the heating, a thermocouple is used. Draw a labelled diagram of a thermocouple connected to measure temperature.

[2]

8

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© UCLES 2006

5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows a copper rod AB being heated at one end.

B A

copper rod

Bunsenburner

Fig. 5.1

(i) Name the process by which heat moves from A to B.

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) By reference to the behaviour of the particles of copper along AB, state how this process happens.

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Give an account of an experiment that is designed to show which of four surfaces will absorb most heat radiation.

The four surfaces are all the same metal, but one is a polished black surface, one is a polished silver surface, one is a dull black surface and the fourth one is painted white. Give your answer under the headings below.

labelled diagram of the apparatus

readings to be taken

one precaution to try to achieve a fair comparison between the various surfaces

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

9


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© UCLES 2006

6 Fig. 6.1 shows a ray of light, from the top of an object PQ, passing through two glass prisms.

A B

C

D

E F

P

Q

Fig. 6.1

(a) Complete the path through the two prisms of the ray shown leaving Q. [1]

(b) A person looking into the lower prism, at the position indicated by the eye symbol, sees an image of PQ.

State the properties of this image.

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Explain why there is no change in direction of the ray from P at points A, C, D and F.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) The speed of light as it travels from P to A is 3 × 108 m/s and the refractive index of the prism glass is 1.5.

Calculate the speed of light in the prism.

speed = ........................[2]

(e) Explain why the ray AB reflects through 90° at B and does not pass out of the prism at B.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

10

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© UCLES 2006

7 Fig. 7.1 is a drawing of a student’s attempt to show the diffraction pattern of water waves that have passed through a narrow gap in a barrier.

direction ofwater waves

barrier withnarrow gap

Fig. 7.1

(a) State two things that are wrong with the wave pattern shown to the right of the barrier.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) In the space below, sketch the wave pattern when the gap in the barrier is made five times wider.

[2]

(c) The waves approaching the barrier have a wavelength of 1.2 cm and a frequency of 8.0 Hz.

Calculate the speed of the water waves.

speed = ..................................[2]

11


ForExaminer’s

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© UCLES 2006

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a low-voltage lighting circuit.

12 V d.c.supply

X

Y

Z

Fig. 8.1

(a) On Fig. 8.1, indicate with a dot and the letter S, a point in the circuit where a switch could be placed that would turn off lamps Y and Z at the same time but would leave lamp X still lit. [1]

(b) (i) In the space below, draw the circuit symbol for a component that would vary the brightness of lamp X.

(ii) On Fig. 8.1, mark with a dot and the letter R where this component should be placed.

[2]

(c) Calculate the current in lamp Y.

current = ........................[2]

(d) The current in lamp Z is 3.0 A. Calculate the resistance of this lamp.

resistance = ........................[2]

(e) The lamp Y is removed.

(i) Why do lamps X and Z still work normally?

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) The current in lamp X is 1.0 A. Calculate the current supplied by the battery with lamp Y removed.

current = ............................ [2]

12

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© UCLES 2006

9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows how a beam of electrons would be deflected by an electric field produced between two metal plates.

The connections of the source of high potential difference are not shown.

+ –highpotential

difference

beam of electrons

metalplate

metalplate

Fig. 9.1

(i) On Fig. 9.1, draw in the missing connections.

(ii) Explain why the beam of electrons is deflected in the direction shown. In your answer, consider all the charges involved and their effect on each other.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [5]

(b) The deflection of a beam of electrons by an electric field is used in cathode-ray oscilloscopes.

(i) What makes the electron beam move backwards and forwards across the screen?

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) What makes the electron beam move up and down the screen?

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [2]

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© UCLES 2006

(c) An a.c. waveform is displayed so that two full waves appear on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.

Fig. 9.2 shows the face of the oscilloscope. On Fig. 9.2, draw in the waveform.

Fig. 9.2 [1]

14

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© UCLES 2006

10 Fig. 10.1 shows a circuit that is used to switch on a lamp automatically when it starts to go dark.

–

+

A

B

D

V

C

Fig. 10.1

(a) Write down the names of the components labelled A, B, C and D.

A ........................................... B ...........................................

C ........................................... D ........................................... [2]

(b) Which of the four components A, B, C or D acts as a switch?

........................[1]

(c) Explain why the lamp comes on as it goes dark.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

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11 (a) α-particles, β-particles and γ-rays are known as ionising radiations.

(i) Describe what happens when gases are ionised by ionising radiations.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) Suggest why α-particles are considered better ionisers of gas than β-particles.

..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) (i) Suggest two practical applications of radioactive isotopes.

1. ..............................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................

(ii) For one of the applications that you have suggested, describe how it works, or draw a labelled diagram to illustrate it in use.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

[4]

16

0625/03/O/N/06

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

BLANK PAGE

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.SP (SJF3441/CG) T03202/4© UCLES 2005 [Turn over

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education

PHYSICSPaper 3 Extended

0625/03October/November 2005



Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work youhand in.Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs, music or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (i.e. acceleration of free fall = 10 m/s2).The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question orpart question.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not useappropriate units.




1

2

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1 (a) State what is meant by the terms

(i) weight, ......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) density. ......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) A student is given a spring balance that has a scale in newtons. The student is told thatthe acceleration of free-fall is 10 m/s2.

(i) Describe how the student could find the mass of an irregular solid object.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Describe how the student could go on to find the density of the object.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Fig. 1.1 shows three forces acting on an object of mass 0.5 kg. All three forces actthrough the centre of mass of the object.

Fig. 1.1

Calculate

(i) the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the object,

magnitude = ……………… direction .............................................................. [2]

(ii) the magnitude of the acceleration of the object.

acceleration =…………………… [2]

ForExaminer’s

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4.0 N

9.0 N 3.0 N

centre of mass

3

0625/03/O/N/05© UCLES 2005 [Turn over

2 Fig. 2.1 shows apparatus for investigating moments of forces.

Fig. 2.1

The uniform metre rule shown in Fig. 2.1 is in equilibrium.

(a) Write down two conditions for the metre rule to be in equilibrium.

condition 1 ........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

condition 2 ........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Show that the value of the reading on the spring balance is 8.0 N. [2]

(c) The weight of the uniform metre rule is 1.5 N.

Calculate the force exerted by the pivot on the metre rule.

magnitude of force = …………………………………

direction of force ………………………………… [2]

ForExaminer’s

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0 10 20 30 40 50

horizontal pivot6.0 Nweight

horizontally balancedmetre rule

springbalance

60 70 80 90 100

4

0625/03/O/N/05© UCLES 2005

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows a pond that is kept at a constant depth by a pressure-operated valve in thebase.

Fig. 3.1

(a) The pond is kept at a depth of 2.0 m. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3.

Calculate the water pressure on the valve.

pressure =…………………….. [2]

(b) The force required to open the valve is 50 N. The valve will open when the water depthreaches 2.0 m.

Calculate the area of the valve.

area = ……………………….. [2]

(c) The water supply is turned off and the valve is held open so that water drains outthrough the valve.

State the energy changes of the water that occur as the depth of the water drops from2.0 m to zero.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

spring

outletpressure-operatedvalve

water

5


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4 Fig. 4.1 shows apparatus that could be used to measure the specific latent heat of ice.

Fig. 4.1

(a) Describe how you would use the apparatus. You may assume that ice at 0 °C and astopwatch are available. State all the readings that would be needed at each stage.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(b) In an experiment, 120 g of ice at 0 °C is to be melted. The specific latent heat of ice is340 J/g. Assume that all the energy from the heater will be used to melt the ice.

Calculate the expected time for which the 60 W heater is switched on.

expected time = …………………… [2]

(c) When the experiment is carried out, the ice melts in slightly less time than the expectedtime.

(i) State one reason why this happens.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Suggest one modification to the experiment that would reduce the differencebetween the experimental time and the expected time.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

power supply

melting ice at 0 °C

beaker

60 W heater

6

0625/03/O/N/05© UCLES 2005

5 Fig. 5.1 shows a way of indicating the positions and direction of movement of somemolecules in a gas at one instant.

Fig. 5.1

(a) (i) Describe the movement of the molecules.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain how the molecules exert a pressure on the container walls.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) When the gas in the cylinder is heated, it pushes the piston further out of the cylinder.

State what happens to

(i) the average spacing of the molecules,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) the average speed of the molecules.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The gas shown in Fig. 5.1 is changed into a liquid and then into a solid by cooling.

Compare the gaseous and solid states in terms of

(i) the movement of the molecules,

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) the average separation of the molecules.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

ForExaminer’s

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cylinderpiston

7


6 Fig. 6.1 shows the path of a sound wave from a source X.

Fig. 6.1

(a) State why a person standing at point Y hears an echo.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The frequency of the sound wave leaving X is 400 Hz. State the frequency of the soundwave reaching Y.

frequency = ……………….. [1]

(c) The speed of the sound wave leaving X is 330 m/s. Calculate the wavelength of thesesound waves.

wavelength = ………………………. [2]

(d) Sound waves are longitudinal waves.

State what is meant by the term longitudinal.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

ForExaminer’s

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Y

Xpath of sound wave

wall

8

0625/03/O/N/05© UCLES 2005

7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows two rays of light from a point O on an object. These rays are incident ona plane mirror.

Fig. 7.1

(i) On Fig. 7.1, continue the paths of the two rays after they reach the mirror. Hencelocate the image of the object O. Label the image I. [2]

(ii) Describe the nature of the image I.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Fig. 7.2 is drawn to scale. It shows an object PQ and a convex lens.

Fig. 7.2

ForExaminer’s

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O

F F

principal focus principal focus

principal

position ofconvex lens

axisQ

P

9


(i) On Fig. 7.2, draw two rays from the top of the object P that pass through the lens.Use these rays to locate the top of the image. Label this point T. [3]

(ii) On Fig. 7.2, draw an eye symbol to show the position from which the image Tshould be viewed. [1]

ForExaminer’s

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10

0625/03/O/N/05© UCLES 2005

8 Fig. 8.1 shows a high-voltage supply connected across two metal plates.

Fig. 8.1

When the supply is switched on, an electric field is present between the plates.

(a) Explain what is meant by an electric field .

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) On Fig. 8.1, draw the electric field lines between the plates and indicate their directionby arrows. [2]

(c) The metal plates are now joined by a high-resistance wire. A charge of 0.060 C passesalong the wire in 30 s. Calculate the reading on the ammeter.

ammeter reading = ……………………… [2]

(d) The potential difference of the supply is re-set to 1500 V and the ammeter readingchanges to 0.0080 A. Calculate the energy supplied in 10 s. Show your working.

energy = ………………. [3]

A

high-voltagesupply

metal plates

+ –

ForExaminer’s

Use

11


9 (a) In the space provided, draw the symbol for a NOR gate. Label the inputs and the output.

[2]

(b) State whether the output of a NOR gate will be high (ON) or low (OFF) when

(i) one input is high and one input is low,

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) both inputs are high.

...................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Fig. 9.1 shows a digital circuit made from three NOT gates and one NAND gate.

Fig. 9.1

(i) Write HIGH or LOW in each of the boxes on Fig. 9.1. [2]

(ii) State the effect on the output of changing both of the inputs.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

ForExaminer’s

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HIGH

LOW

12

0625/03/O/N/05© UCLES 2005

10 Fig. 10.1 shows the basic parts of a transformer.

Fig. 10.1

(a) Use ideas of electromagnetic induction to explain how the input voltage is transformedinto an output voltage. Use the three questions below to help you with your answer.

What happens in the primary coil?

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

What happens in the core?

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

What happens in the secondary coil?

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [5]

(b) State what is needed to make the output voltage higher than the input voltage.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

ForExaminer’s

Use

primary coil

input

secondary coilX

X

Y

Y

output

13


(c) The core of this transformer splits along XX and YY. Explain why the transformer wouldnot work if the two halves of the core were separated by about 30 cm.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) A 100% efficient transformer is used to step up the voltage of a supply from 100 V to200 V. A resistor is connected to the output. The current in the primary coil is 0.4 A.

Calculate the current in the secondary coil.

current = …………………… [2]

ForExaminer’s

Use

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11 A radioactive source emits only β-particles.

(a) A scientist wishes to investigate the deflection of β-particles by an electric field. Draw alabelled diagram to suggest a suitable experimental arrangement.

[3]

(b) State how the apparatus would be used to show the deflection of the β-particles by theelectric field.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) State how the results would show the deflection of the β-particles.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Explain the direction of the deflection obtained.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

ForExaminer’s

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Everyreasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, thepublisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department ofthe University of Cambridge.

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.SPA (NH/BI) S80765/4© UCLES 2004 [Turn over


PHYSICS

Paper 3

0625/03October/November 2004



Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part

question.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate

units.



If you have been given a label, look at thedetails. If any details are incorrect ormissing, please fill in your correct detailsin the space given on this page.

Stick your personal label here, ifprovided.


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0625/03 O/N/04

1 Fig. 1.1 shows the path of one drop of water in the jet from a powerful hose.

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 1.2 is a graph of speed against time for the water drop shown in Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.2

(a) Describe the movement of the water drop in the first 4 s after leaving the hose.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

00

10

20

30

40speedm / s

2 4 6 8time after leaving the hose / s

vertical path of a single water drop

hose set in ground

ForExaminer’s

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© UCLES 2004

3

0625/03 O/N/04 [Turn over

(b) Use Fig. 1.2 to find

(i) the speed of the water leaving the hose,

speed = …………………...

(ii) the time when the speed of the water is least.

time = ………….………..[2]

(c) Use values from Fig. 1.2 to calculate the acceleration of the drop as it falls back towardsthe ground. Show your working.

acceleration = ……………………...[3]

(d) Calculate the greatest distance above the ground reached by the drop.

distance = ……………………...[3]

ForExaminer’s

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© UCLES 2004

4

0625/03 O/N/04

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a reservoir that stores water.

Fig. 2.1

(a) The valve in the exit pipe is closed. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and theacceleration of free fall is 10 m/s2.Calculate the pressure of the water acting on the closed valve in the exit pipe.

pressure = ……………………...[2]

(b) The cross-sectional area of the pipe is 0.5 m2.Calculate the force exerted by the water on the closed valve.

force = ……………………...[2]

(c) The valve is then opened and water, originally at the surface of the reservoir, finallyflows out of the exit pipe. State the energy transformation of this water between thesurface of the reservoir and the open end of the pipe.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

valve

exit pipe

20 m

water

dam

ForExaminer’s

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© UCLES 2004

5


3 A scientist needs to find the density of a sample of rock whilst down a mine. He has only aspring balance, a measuring cylinder, some water and some thread.

(a) In the space below, draw two labelled diagrams, one to show the spring balance beingused and the other to show the measuring cylinder being used with a suitable rocksample. [2]

(b) The spring balance is calibrated in newtons. State how the mass of the rock samplemay be found from the reading of the spring balance.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) State the readings that would be taken from the measuring cylinder.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) State how the volume of the rock would be found from the readings.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) State in words the formula that would be used to find the density of the sample.

density =[1]

ForExaminer’s

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© UCLES 2004

6

0625/03 O/N/04

4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a simple type of thermocouple that has been calibrated to measuretemperature.

Fig. 4.1

(i) Describe how the thermocouple could be used to measure the temperature of abeaker of hot water.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) State two situations where a thermocouple would be a good choice of thermometerto measure temperature.

1. ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[4]

sensitive voltmeter

cold junction

copper wire

iron wirehot junctionV

ForExaminer’s

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© UCLES 2004

7


(b) A mercury-in-glass thermometer is placed in an insulated beaker of water at 60 °C. Thewater is heated at a constant rate. The temperature of the water is measured andrecorded on the graph shown in Fig. 4.2.

Fig. 4.2

State the effect of the heat supplied

(i) during the period 0 to 5 minutes,

...................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

(ii) during the period 10 to 15 minutes.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[2]

time/min

temperature/°C

00

5

20

40

60

80

100

10 15 20

ForExaminer’s

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© UCLES 2004

8

0625/03 O/N/04

5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows a sealed box.

Fig. 5.1

(i) The box contains a large number of air molecules. On Fig. 5.1, draw a possiblepath of one of the air molecules, as it moves inside the box.

(ii) Explain

1 how air molecules in the box create a pressure on the inside walls,

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

2 why this pressure rises as the temperature of the air in the box increases.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................[5]

(b) Air in a cylinder is compressed slowly, so that the temperature does not rise. Thepressure changes from 2.0 x 105 Pa to 5.0 x 105 Pa. The original volume was 0.35 m3.Calculate the new volume.

volume = …………………...[3]

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6 Fig. 6.1 shows an optical fibre. XY is a ray of light passing along the fibre.

Fig. 6.1

(a) On Fig. 6.1, continue the ray XY until it passes Z. [1]

(b) Explain why the ray does not leave the fibre at Y.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The light in the optical fibre has a wavelength of 3.2 x 10–7 m and is travelling at a speedof 1.9 x 108 m/s.

(i) Calculate the frequency of the light.

frequency = …………………...

(ii) The speed of light in air is 3.0 x 108 m/s. Calculate the refractive index of the material from which the fibre is made.

refractive index = …………………...[4]

X

Y

Z

fibre

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7 Fig. 7.1 shows a 12 V battery connected to a number of resistors.

Fig. 7.1

(a) Calculate the current in the 8 Ω resistor.

current = ………………..[2]

(b) Calculate, for the resistors connected in the circuit, the combined resistance of

(i) the two 5 Ω resistors,

resistance = ………………..

(ii) the two 4 Ω resistors.

resistance = ………………..[2]

(c) The total current in the two 4 Ω resistors is 6 A.Calculate the total power dissipated in the two resistors.

power = ………………..[2]

A

12 V

8 Ω

5 Ω 5 Ω

4 Ω

4 Ω

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(d) What will be the reading on a voltmeter connected across

(i) the two 4 Ω resistors,

reading = ………………..

(ii) one 5 Ω resistor?

reading = ………………..[2]

(e) The 8 Ω resistor is made from a length of resistance wire of uniform cross-sectional area.State the effect on the resistance of the wire of using

(i) the same length of the same material with a greater cross-sectional area,

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) a smaller length of the same material with the same cross-sectional area.

...................................................................................................................................[2]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows plane waves passing through a gap in a barrier that is approximately equal tothe wavelength of the waves.

Fig. 8.1

(a) What is the name given to the wave property shown in Fig. 8.1?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) In the space below, carefully draw the pattern that would be obtained if the gap wereincreased to six times the wavelength of the waves. [4]

(c) The effect in Fig. 8.1 is often shown using water waves on the surface of a tank of water. These are transverse waves. Explain what is meant by a transverse wave.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

barrier

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9 (a) An engine on a model railway needs a 6 V a.c. supply. A mains supply of 240 V a.c. isavailable.

(i) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of a transformer suitable for producingthe required supply voltage.

(ii) Suggest suitable numbers of turns for the coils.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) The power needed for this model engine is 12 W. Calculate the current taken from themains when just this engine is in use, assuming that the transformer is 100% efficient.

current = ………………..[2]

(c) Explain why transformers will only work when connected to an a.c. supply.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

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10 (a) (i) What is the function of a transistor when placed in an electrical circuit?

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe the action of a transistor.

...................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................[3]

(b) (i) In the space below, draw the symbol for an OR gate. Label the inputs and the output.[1]

(ii) Describe the action of an OR gate that has two inputs.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

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11 (a) The decay of a nucleus of radium 22688Ra leads to the emission of an α-particle and

leaves behind a nucleus of radon (Rn).In the space below, write an equation to show this decay. [2]

(b) In an experiment to find the range of α-particles in air, the apparatus in Fig. 11.1 wasused.

Fig. 11.1

The results of this experiment are shown below.

(i) State what causes the count rate 9 cm from the source.

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) Estimate the count rate that is due to the source at a distance of 2 cm.

...................................................................................................................................

(iii) Suggest a value for the maximum distance that α-particles can travel from thesource.

...................................................................................................................................

(iv) Justify your answer to (iii).

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................[4]

α−particle source detector

ruler

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count rate / (counts/minute) 681 562 441 382 317 20 19 21 19

distance from source to detector/cm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department ofthe University of Cambridge.

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