UNIVERSITY OF AGRONOMIC SCIENCES AND VETERINARY … · NS SEME - Institute of Field and Vegetable...
Transcript of UNIVERSITY OF AGRONOMIC SCIENCES AND VETERINARY … · NS SEME - Institute of Field and Vegetable...
Augsburg, 26 November 2013
UNIVERSITY OF AGRONOMIC SCIENCES AND
VETERINARY MEDICINE BUCHAREST- ROMANIA
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
1852-2013
2nd International Danube Soya Congress “DANUBE SOYA and the EUROPEAN PROTEIN DEBATE”
Augsburg, 25 – 26 November 2013
Augsburg, 26 November 2013
SOYBEAN CROP IN THE
RESEARCH &DEVELOPMENT AND
EDUCATION & TRAINING
SYSTEMS IN ROMANIA
Prof.em.dr.dr.h.c.Gheorghe Valentin ROMAN
Member of the Romanian Academy of
Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Augsburg, 26 November 2013
•Total area: 23.83 mil ha
•Agricultural land: 13.982 mil ha
•Arable land: 8.995 mil ha
•Afforested land: 6.609 mil ha
•Inhabitants: 19.99 mil
•Rural population: 44.7 %
•Total active population: 8.6 mil people
•Active population in agriculture: 40.0 %
•Temperature continental climate
•Annual temperature - 10.4°C
•Annual rainfalls - 500 mm
•Long and hard winters (-15…..-35°C)
•Dry and hot summers (+28…..+42°C)
GENERAL DATA ON ROMANIAN
AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
Augsburg, 26 November 2013
CONTENT
A. SHORT HISTORY OF SOYBEAN CROP IN ROMANIA
C. SOYBEAN PLANT AND SOYBEAN CROP – IN THE EDUCATION AND
TRAINING SYSTEM
B. SOYBEAN CROP – IN THE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
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Evolution of Grain Leguminous
- Cultivated Area -
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Period
Cu
ltiv
ate
d A
rea
(th
ou
ha)
Peas Beans Soyabeans Lentil + other leguminous Total Leguminous
Se
co
nd
Wo
rld
W
ar
En
d o
f A
gri
cu
ltu
re
Co
op
era
tiviz
ati
on
Transition
to Free
Market
Ecomony
Soybean ▲
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A.SHORT HISTORY OF SOYBEAN CROP IN ROMANIA
1876 – first information on Soybean growing in Romania
(1st period) - 1911 - 1947
1911 – 1913 – first research - Bucharest Central Research Station
1920 – research in the experimental network of the Romanian
Agricultural Research Institute (non successful –
too late varieties)
1931 - new field experiments - with earlier varieties
_________________________________________________
Grown areas - 1933 – 400 ha
- 1934 – 1,400 ha
- 1937 – 60,000 ha
- 1939 – 70,000 ha -> export to Central Europe
_________________________________________________
Varieties – Reiner (from Yugoslavia)
- Hungary, Small Yellow
- Herbst Műller 22
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1st Favorability map for soybean crop in Romania (N. Zamfirescu, 1965)
(rainfal regime and relative air humidity as main criteria)
Very favorable
Favorable I
Favorable II+III
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(2nd period) - 1948 – 1965
low interest for Soybean crop
research– in the experimental network of the Central Agricultural
Research Institute of Romania (since 1969, Academy of Agriculture and
Forestry Sciences) –> topics on growing technology
experiments in the Training and Experimental Farms of the high education
institutions
_________________________________________________
Grown areas with Soybean - 10 - 25,000 ha
_________________________________________________
Varieties - Mandarin
- Chippewa
- Lincoln
- Amurskaia 41
- Yellow of Platt, Reiner
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(3rd period) - 1966 – 1990
huge interest for Soybean crop
development of large agricultural enterprises (state farms and cooperatives),
with specific crop rotations, including favorable previous crops for winter cereals
development of big livestock units asking for fodder proteins
rapid development of research on Soybean in the experimental network of
the Romanian Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
since 1965 –> practical stages for farmers in the USA
_________________________________________________
Grown areas – 1960 – 25,000 ha
- 1970 – 70,000 ha
- 1980 – 364,000 ha
- 1987 – 1998 - 520,000 ha, Romania becoming the most important
producer of soybean in Europe
_________________________________________________
Varieties – from USA and Canada (Altona, Wilkin, Evans, Merit,
Hodgson, Acme, Chippewa 64);
Corsoy, Wayne, Amsoy 71 (II-III), Beeson (III-IV) –> very late
- Romanian – Flora, Violeta, Danubiana, (NARDI Fundulea),
Diamant Perla, (ARDS Turda), Ilfov
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The new favorability map for Soybean crop in Romania (depending
on heat potential – GDD (toC>10oC)
1. 1600-1750oC; 2. 1400-1600 oC; 3. 1100-1400 oC; 4. 1200-1400 oC;
5. 1100-1250 oC (S. Dencescu, 1982)
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(4th period) - 1991 – 2006
Soybean crop decline
- research – in the research network of the Romanian Academy of
Agriculture and Forestry Sciences and of the Universities of Agricultural
Sciences
_________________________________________________
Grown areas – 1990 – 190,000 ha
- 1995 – 73,000 ha
- 2001 – 38,000 ha
- 2006 – 150,000 ha
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Varieties – new varieties from USA (Clamir, Clesir, Elisir, Gadir,
Valkir, Zefir)
- Romanian – Atlas, Columna, Daciana, Lena, Stil,
Triumf, Flora, Violeta, Romanesc 99 (NARDI Fundulea), Eugen,
Felix, Onix, Diamant , Perla (ARDS Turda)
- NS Seme - Balkan, Neoplanta, Venerra, Proteinka
- 2001 – 2006 – GM varieties (RR)
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Fig. 2.2. Suprafaţa cultivată cu soia în perioada 1981-2007
Fig. 2.2. Soybean growing area in the years 1981-2007
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
450001980
1981
1982
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2002
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2006
2007
2008
2009
Anul
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pra
faţa
(h
a)
Evolution of Soybean grown area in Calarasi County
(South Romania, irrigated conditions)
33-42 mii ha
15 thou ha
35 thou ha
6-7 thou ha
29 thou ha
4 thou ha
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Fig.3.44. Suprafaţa cultivată cu soia în judeţul Dâmboviţa în perioada 1981-2008
Fig. 3.44. Soya bean growing area in Dâmboviţa County in the period 1981-2008
0
500
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20002500
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5500
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Anul
Su
pra
faţa
(h
a)
0,2-1,7 thou ha
8,2 thou ha
9-190 ha
Evolution of Soybean grown area in Dambovita County
(Northern part of Romanian Plain, and hilly area)
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(5th period) - 2007 – 2013
new growing interest for Soybean crop
for improving correct crop rotation
development of new livestock units interested to fodder proteins from internal
sources
clients interested to buy conventional soybean seeds and cakes (on domestic
and international market)
Imports of GM soybean seeds and cakes from oversees
_________________________________________________
Grown areas – 2007 – 133,000 ha
- 2009 – 49,000 ha
- 2013 – 72,000 ha
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Varieties – Romanian – Oana F, Crina F (NARDI), Cristina TD,
Darina TD, Malina TD (ARDS)
- NS Seme – Galina, NS Mercury, NS Rubin, NS Trijumf
- Isidor, SG Eider, SGSR Picor (France, Canada)
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2 3
Lugoj
Teleorman
Training and
experimental
farms
Research stations
network
Valu lui Traian
Tulcea Braila
Albota-Pitesti
Podu Iloaiei
Suceava
Secuieni Turda
Livada
Oradea
Lovrin
Simnic
Fundulea
Marculesti
Timisoara
Cluj-Napoca
Banu Maracine
Iasi
Moara Domneasca
B. SOYBEAN CROP – IN THE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
ARDS Turda
NARDI Fundulea
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BREEDING
Soybean maturity group map in Europe
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Recommended varieties
Maturity group Variety Maintainer
000 Perla ARDS
00
Cristina TD, Darina TD, Eugen, Felix, Malina TD, Onix ARDS
Oana F, Romanesc 99 NARDI
NS Trijumf NS SEME
SGSR Picor CER
0 Columna, Daciana NARDI
Neoplanta, Proteinka NS SEME
I
Crina F, Danubiana, Triumf NARDI
PS1012, PS1020 PC
Vigo ITC
Balkan, Galina, NS Mercury, NS Rubin NS SEME
Isidor EURALIS
SG Eider CER
II Venerra NS SEME
Variety maintainers:
ARDS - Agricultural Research and Development Station, Turda (Romania)
NARDI - National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea (Romania)
NS SEME - Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia)
CER - SG CERESCO Inc. (Canada)
PC - SC Procera Agrochemicals SRL (Romania)
ITC - S.C. ITC - SRL (Romania)
EURALIS - Euralis Semences S.A. (France)
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Agricultural Research and Development
Station of Turda (autumn 2013)
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National Agricultural Research and Development
Institute of Fundulea (summer 2013)
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NARDI Fundulea – experiments in
Organic Agriculture System
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3 Years Rotations (with three fields)
1. Grain Legumes
2. Winter Cereals
3. Weeding Crops
_________________________________________________
1. Soybean + Field Beans
2. Winter Wheat + Winter Barley
3. Grain Corn
___________________________________________________
1. Soybean + Peas
2. Winter Wheat + Winter Barley
3. Grain Corn
___________________________________________________
GROWING TECHNOLOGY
Recommendations of the Romanian researchers
Crop rotation
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4 Years Rotations (with four fields)
A) 1. Grain Legumes
2. Winter Cereals
3. Weeding Crops
4. Weeding Crops
__________________________________________________
1. Soybean
2. Winter Wheat
3. Grain Corn
4. Grain Corn (or Grain Corn + Sunflower,
or Grain Corn + Sugar Beet)
_________________________________________________
B) 1. Grain Legumes + Industrial Crops
2. Straw Cereals
3. Weeding Crops
4. Weeding Crops
___________________________________________________
1. Soybean + Sunflower
2. Winter Wheat
3. Grain Corn
4. Grain Corn + Sugar Beet
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5 Years Rotations (with five fields)
A) 1. Grain Legumes
2. Straw Cereals
3. Weeding Crops
4. Straw Cereals
5. Weeding Crops
__________________________________________________
B) 1. Soybean
2. Straw Cereals
3. Straw Cereals
4. Weeding Crops
5. Weeding Crops
___________________________________________________
C) 1. Soybean + Industrial Crops
2. Straw Cereals
3. Weeding Crops
4. Weeding Crops
5. Straw Cereals
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Winter Wheat after Soybean
(minimum tillage) (autumn 2013)
Augsburg, 26 November 2013
Soiuri recomandate
Grupa de maturitate Soiul Mentinatorul
000 Perla SCDA-T
00
Cristina TD, Darina TD, Eugen, Felix,
Malina TD, Onix SCDA-T
Oana F, Romanesc 99 INCDA
NS Trijumf NS SEME
SGSR Picor CER
0 Columna, Daciana INCDA
Neoplanta, Proteinka NS SEME
I
Crina F, Danubiana, Triumf INCDA
PS1012, PS1020 PC
Vigo ITC
Balkan, Galina, NS Mercury, NS Rubin NS SEME
Isidor EURALIS
SG Eider CER
II Venerra NS SEME
Mentinatorul soiului:
SCDA-T – Statiunea de Cercetare-Dezvoltare Agricola Turda (Romania)
INCDA – Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare Agricola Fundulea (Romania)
NS SEME – Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad (Serbia)
CER - SG Ceresco Inc. (Canada)
PC - SC Procera Agrochemicals SRL (Romania)
ITC - S.C. ITC - SRL (România)
EURALIS - Euralis Semences S.A. (Franta)
Classical
- trifluralin+metribuzin (ppi)
- bentazon (postem)
At present
– S-dimethenamid, S-metolachlor (preem)
- imazamox, flumioxazin, bentazon etc. (postem)
GROWING TECHNOLOGY
Recommendations of the Romanian researchers
Weeds Control
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Soybean sowing, as second crop after
Winter Barley (June 2013)
GROWING TECHNOLOGY
Recommendations of the Romanian researchers
Soybean as second crop
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Soybean as second crop (direct sowing)
Sowing time – June -> 5-10th of July
Direct sowing
Preem herbicides
Irrigation
Augsburg, 26 November 2013
Budapest, 13 September 2010
U.S.A.M.V.
Bucharest
University
Valahia
University
of Craiova
U.S.A.M.V.
Timisoara
University
of Oradea U.S.A.M.V.
Cluj-Napoca
U.S.A.M.V.
Iasi
University
of Galati
University
of Pitesti
University
’’Ovidius’’
Romanian High Education
and Training Institutions in
Agricultural Sciences
C. SOYBEAN PLANT AND SOYBEAN CROP – IN THE EDUCATION
AND TRAINING SYSTEM
Augsburg, 26 November 2013
University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine of Bucharest
Faculty of Agriculture
First Cycle – Bachelor
(Engineer in Agronomy)
Third year of study:
Subject: Field Crops Production (Fitotehnia) – Cereals and Grain Legumes (including Soybean crop)
Subject: Organic Agriculture
(before: Botanics, Plant Physiology, Machinery, Agrotechnics, Plant Protection – including knowledge on Soybean)
(after: Conditioning and Storage of Agricultural Produces; Processing of Agricultural Produces; Marketing, including knowledge on Soybean)
Chios, 7 – 12 October 2011
Third Cycle – PhD (Doctoral) Thesis
(PhD (Doctor) in Agronomy)
Second – Master Course
(MSc) Subject: Organic Agriculture
Augsburg, 26 November 2013
At present,
the development of Soybean crops in Romania
have very favorable premises:
⇨ There is a big interest for soybean crop, the farmers being interested to organize correct crop rotations, including soybean in existent crop rotations, as a legume and a very favorable previous crop for winter wheat.
⇨ The development of the livestock units, asking for fodder proteins.
⇨ The last but not least, the interest of people for healthy food and the development of Organic Agriculture sector, are other arguments for a positive evolution of Soybean crop in Romania.
⇨ In order to achieve these objectives it is absolutely needed to organize training courses for farmers, to print training materials on soybean growing, to continue research activities by breeding new varieties, adapted to specific natural conditions, to the new growing technologies and to the requirements of the processing industries and consumers.
And…”DANUBE SOYA” - is a very favorable opportunity and a generous framework for Soybean crop development in Romania, as an essential contribution to the proteins supply of Europe”.
Augsburg, 26 November 2013
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !
UNIVERSITY OF AGRONOMIC SCIENCES AND
VETERINARY MEDICINE OF BUCHAREST
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
59 Marasti Blvd, Sector 1, o11464, Romania
Tel.: +40 21 318 02 53
Fax: +40 21 310 04 66
www.agro-bucuresti.ro