UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION, NEW DELHI

F. NO. 38-49/2009[SR] Dated 19/12/2009

FINAL REPORT OF

THE MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECT

U.G.C. Sponsored Major Research Project in Geology Entitled

“Groundwater Contamination Caused by Industrial Waste in

Aurangabad District (M.S.)”

Principal Investigator

Prof. Ashok V. Tejankar

(Professor and Head, Department of Geology)

Deogiri College,

Railway Station Road, Aurangabad (M.S.) – 431005

Annexure-III (E)

Summary of the Project

GEOLOGY OF AURANGABAD DISTRICT Deccan Trap:

Deccan Trap basalts are heterogeneous known to be monotonously uniform volcanic rocks covering 90% part of Aurangabad District. The lava responsible for their formation issued through long narrow fissures or cracks in the earth’s crust. The lavas spread out far and wide as nearly horizontal sheets forming piles of different types of basaltic flows.

Four major types of flows constitute the Deccan Trap.

1. Compact Basalts 2. Amygdaloidal Basalt 3. Vesicular Basalt 4. Tachylitic Basalt (Red bole)

Alluvium:

Main river of South India Godavari passes from Southern part of district. Along the banks of Godavari and its tributaries Shivana, Girija and Kham river alluvial deposits occur in area as disconnected linear patches of limited thickness. It comprises of admixture of gravel, intercalations of course semi consolidated sand and clays, derived mostly from traps and resting directly over the weathered or massive basaltic lava flows. Paithan industrial area having basement with alluvium deposit.

HYDROGEOLOGY OF AURANGABAD DISTRICT

The basaltic aquifers are regarded as anisotropic because of variability in type morphology and geohydrology of flows; the presence of dykes, lava tubes and the unpredictable patterns of vesicularity weathering and jointing with respect to their extent and thickness, as also to the frequency and inter-connections of joints. A wide variation in aquifer parameters such as storativity, specific gravity, transmissivity and specific yield of the well can be attributed to such anisotropism.

The Aurangabad district area is included in Deccan Trap ground province comprising of hard rock formations. Massive Trap does not possess any granular primary porosity hard compact nature have low primary porosity, generally unproductive. However, the secondary porosity is developed due to weathering, jointing and fracturing. The groundwater occurs in secondary porosity and the joints and fracture provided channels for the groundwater movement and spaces for storages.

Quality of Groundwater

Chemical Characteristics

1. Total Hardness: - The total hardness of groundwater sample collected from

different industrial area of Aurangabad district were found within the range of 82

mg/lit.. to 990 mg/lit. According the degree of hardness the water is commonly

classified as 150 to 300 mg/lit. and more than 300 mg/lit. hardness consider as

very high and not suitable for drinking.

2. Sodium: - The Sodium content in groundwater of Aurangabad Industrial area, is

between 170 mg/lit. to 1450 mg/lit. The lowest value of Sodium was found in

sample no. 28, 31, 35, 47 of Latif Nagar, Holycross School, Nakshtrawadi and

Zhalta Phata of Aurangabad area respectively and highest value for sodium

content in sample no. 82 of Vishnu Nagar, Aurangabad area. Sodium content as

sodium chloride (Nacl) when concentration is more than 200 mg/lit then water is

unportable.

3. Chloride: - The chloride content in groundwater of Aurangabad Industrial area is

maximum 853.2 mg/lit. in Kanchanwadi area and minimum chloride percentage

41.2 mg/lit. in Nakshatrawadi area. Chloride content ranges from 41.2 mg/lit. to

853.2/lit.

4. Total Dissolve Solvent (TDS):- TDS content in groundwater of Aurangabad

Industrial area ranges between 382 mg/lit. to 2050 mg/lit. According to World

Health Organization (WHO), the highest desirable and maximum permissible

limits of TDS for drinking water are 500 mg/lit.

Drinking Water Quality

The analytical results have been evaluated ascertain the suitability of

groundwater of the Industrial area for Human consumption, by comparing with

the specifications set by the Indian Standards and World Health Organization

(WHO). For groundwater sample Ca, Mg, Cl, Na and exceeding the MP limits and

the groundwater is not suitable for drinking purposes. For except few samples,

where chemical parameters with limit of Indian Standards, particularly in this

area basaltic rock impermeable indicate no percolation of Industrial waste, only

evaporation takes place in this area and surface water shows high concentration

of chemical parameters.

The quality of groundwater was determined by collection of water samples from

88 observation of dug well and bore wells during pre and post monsoon of 2010

to 2012 from different parts of district.

GIS based groundwater quality mapping has been carried out with the help of

data generated from chemical analysis of water samples collected

Map of contaminated groundwater area, which is along natural stream and river,

is prepared.

After studying Geology and Hydrogeology of contaminated groundwater area,

Zone of permeable and impermeable formation identified by using

geohydrological survey, GIS and Remote sensing data.

The data is analysed and thematic maps are prepared.

Map 6 – Contaminated Drainage Map of Aurangabad District

Map 7 - Contaminated Area of Aurangabad City area.

Map 8 - Contaminated Area of Shendra Industry, Aurangabad District.

Map 9 - Contaminated Area of Waluj Industry, Aurangabad District.

After studying thematic maps of polluted groundwater area, due to change in

hydrogeological characters, it is observed that in some area along the polluted

stream dug well and bore well show occurrence of uncontaminated groundwater

but in some area at long distance from groundwater polluted area and even at

large distance dug well and bore well also show occurrence of polluted

groundwater.

Photo 16 – Chikalthana MIDC

Spread of polluted groundwater in impermeable Deccan basaltic flows is very

less upto impermeable flows only, hence domestic and industrial waste if

transported along such impermeable formation rate of groundwater pollution

and wide spread of groundwater pollution may be stopped.

Photo 17 – Kanchanwadi MIDC

From this data it is find out that in Permeable Deccan basaltic flows groundwater

pollution along polluted river/streams is show pollution effect horizontally and

vertically after long distance. To prevent this widely distribution of polluted

groundwater artificial cementing required in permeable strata.

The chemical analysis results show that the ground water in the district is

alkaline in nature, while the EC and TDS values show that the ground water in

the area is with high percentage then permissible limit of Indian standards. The

concentrations of the major ions indicate that among the cations, the

concentration of magnesium ion is highest followed by calcium and sodium while

among anions, the concentration of chloride ion is highest followed by

bicarbonate and sulphate ions. The results also show that the concentration of

nitrate ions in the groundwater is significant and appearing as major ion.

The geochemical classification of ground water in the area was carried to see the

dominance of ions in ground water. In the district, selected samples were

collected all representing Deccan Trap Basalt.

To prevent groundwater pollution due to industrial and domestic waste along

river and streams, geohydrological maps of contaminated area should be

prepared for movement of waste water.

Annexure III (D)

Objectives Achieved

Industrial waste and domestic waste major sources of groundwater

contamination were identified in the area.

Map of contaminated groundwater area, which is along stream and river is

prepared.

Zone of permeable and impermeable formation was identified by using

geohydrological survey.

GIS and Remote sensing data is analysed and thematic maps are prepared.

Polluted groundwater spread in impermeable flows is very less.

Permeable flows show groundwater percolation along polluted river/streams

resultant pollution affect horizontally and downward upto long distance.

To stop this wide distribution of polluted groundwater artificial cementing is

required in permeable strata.

In major parts of the district low water level trend is observed in southern, south

western and central parts occupying almost entire Paithan, Gangapur, Vaijapur,

Khuldabad and Aurangabad talukas and parts of Kannad and Sillod talukas.

Pollution rate of groundwater is high along the lineament.

Along low lying area rate of weathering is high, due to sheet jointing in

amygdaloidal basalt and closely spaced jointing in compact basalt.

In highly elevated area broadly spaced and inconsistent jointing in basaltic rock,

shows no chance to percolate polluted water.

Although a considerable area in Aurangabad district is under canal

command of various major and minor irrigation projects, some part of the

district is showing pollution along industrial and sugar factory areas. Ground water quality is adversely affected at many places due to high

concentration of some parameters especially nitrate.

Major part of the district is underlain by Deccan Trap Basalt, where only impermeable basaltic rocks are the most feasible structures to stop groundwater percolation.

The concentration of nitrate is found more than MPL at 11 locations (78%)

indicating high influence of anthropogenic activity in the vicinity of the

wells, causing nitrate contamination. It may cause toxic effect on young

infants.

Ground water from these areas may be used only after proper treatment

or demineralization. Adequate sanitary protection to the wells may be

provided to control nitrate contamination.

Recommendations

The sites for domestic waste movement need to be selected only after proper geohydrological investigation.

Bore-wells generally tap deeper fractures, which may not be sustainable.

To prevent groundwater pollution due to industrial and domestic waste along

river and streams identified geohydrological characters.

Zone of permeable and impermeable formation should be identified and in permeable zone artificial cementing should be formed to stop percolation of industrial and domestic waste.

Implementation of environment laws by Government and Industries should

be obligatory to control pollution.

Zone of contaminated groundwater around Aurangabad city, industrial area and

in villages should be demarcated.

The major sources of groundwater pollution like Industrial waste and domestic

waste should be demarcated.

Industries should set up their independent effluents treatment plants (ETP) or

jointly as per norms and should remain effectively operational in order to safe

guard the groundwater from pollution.

Regular groundwater quality monitoring to assess degree of activity from time to

time and for appropriate management to minimize Industrial pollution.

Rearrangement of Drainage system after detail geological and geohydrological

survey of Natural stream and river should be carried out.

Lineament study of Industrial area according to that drainage of waste water

arrangement should be done.

The disposal and treatment of industrial and urban waste should be kept away

from city and village residential area preferably in impervious strata.

Environmental awareness programme must be implemented among the masses

unto this last.

In agriculture the excessive use of chemical fertilizers should be minimized.

The organic fertilizers should be encouraged.

Annexure-III (C)

List of Research Paper Published on MRP study area in last three years.

1. A.V. Tejankar “INFLUENCE OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE IN HARD ROCK OF DECCAN

TRAP AREA IN INDIA”. Published in GENIUS Volume No. I, Issue No. I, Aug-Jan 2012-

13, ISSN No. 2279-0489, Page No. 6 to 13.

2. A. V. Tejankar, P. B. Pathrikar and D.F. Pathrikar “Geological study of Khultabad Taluka, District Aurangabad” published in “Indian Streams Research Journal” Vol III Issue, VII August 2013, ISSN No. 2230-7850, Page No. 1 to 4.

3. A. V. Tejankar and Priyanka Ghule “Impact of Artificial Recharge on Groundwater Dynamics in Deccan Trap Area Maharashtra State, India” published in “International Journal of Earth Sciences And Engineering, Volume 06 No 02, April 2013, ISSN No. 0974-5904, Page No. 331 to 337.

4. A.V. Tejankar and Pathrikar Pramod B., “Effect of Geohydrological Character on Development of Watershed: A Case Study”, publish in National Refereed Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies New Voices, Vol. I, Issue – IV, ISSN 2231-3249. Dec. 2011.

5. A.V. Tejankar and Narendra Jain “Geohydrological characterization with Remote

Sensing and GIS in basaltic terrain Maharashtra India”. Paper accepted for 34th International Geological congress Brisbane Australia from 5th Aug to 10th Aug 2012.

6. A.V. Tejankar “GIS based groundwater quality mapping in Aurangabad industrial and

city area of Maharashtra. India”. Paper accepted for 34th International Geological

congress Brisbane Australia from 5th Aug to 10th Aug 2012.