Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí - Proceedings of the Six...
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Proceedings of the Sixth International C
Proceedings of the V
LCA, Tool for innovation in Latin America
th International Conference on Life Cycle Assessment -
Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Life Cycle
Assessment - CILCA2015
CILCA 2015, Lima, Perú
July 13th -16th, 2015
Tool for innovation in Latin America
CILCA2015
2
International Conference on Life Cycle
Tool for innovation in Latin America
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Proceedings of the
Alejandro Pablo Arena (Argentina)
Alessandro Gilardino (Perú)
Ana Quiros (Costa Rica)
Armando Caldeira (Brasil)
Bárbara Civit (Argentina)
Beatriz Rivela (Ecuador)
Carlos Naranjo (Colombia)
Cassia Ugaya (Brasil)
Claudia Peña (Chile)
Alejandro Chacón (Chile)
Alejandro Pablo Arena (Argentina)
Alfredo Iriarte (Chile)
Ana Quiros (Costa Rica)
Armando Caldeira-Pires (Brasil)
Bárbara Civit (Argentina)
Beatriz Rivela (Ecuador)
Carlos Naranjo (Colombia)
Cassia Ugaya (Brasil)
Claudia Peña (Chile)
Edmundo Muñoz (Chile)
Elena Rosa (Cuba)
Enrico Benetto (Luxemburgo)
Fausto Freire (Portugal)
Francesc Castells (España)
Gemma Cervantes (México)
Gil Anderi (Brasil)
Guido Sonnemann (Francia)
Ian Vázquez (Perú)
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Life Cycle Assessment
Organización General
Isabel Quispe (chair)
Alejandro Pablo Arena (co-chair)
Comité Organizador
Alejandro Pablo Arena (Argentina)
Alessandro Gilardino (Perú)
Ana Quiros (Costa Rica)
Armando Caldeira (Brasil)
rbara Civit (Argentina)
Beatriz Rivela (Ecuador)
(Colombia)
Cassia Ugaya (Brasil)
Elena Rosa (Cuba)
Francesc Castells (España)
Gil Anderi (Brasil)
Ian Vázquez (Perú)
Isabel Quispe (Perú)
Jair Santillán (Perú)
Joan Rieradevall (España)
Sonia Valdivia (Suiza)
Comité Científico
Alejandro Chacón (Chile)
Alejandro Pablo Arena (Argentina)
Alfredo Iriarte (Chile)
Ana Quiros (Costa Rica)
Pires (Brasil)
Bárbara Civit (Argentina)
Beatriz Rivela (Ecuador)
Carlos Naranjo (Colombia)
a Ugaya (Brasil)
Edmundo Muñoz (Chile)
Enrico Benetto (Luxemburgo)
Fausto Freire (Portugal)
Francesc Castells (España)
Gemma Cervantes (México)
Guido Sonnemann (Francia)
Isabel Quispe (Perú)
Jairo Chacón (Colombia)
Joan Rieradevall (España)
Karin Bartl (Perú)
Kevin Harding (Sudáfrica)
Mark Goedkoop (Países Bajos)
Martina Prox (Alemania)
Nydia Suppen (México)
Óscar Huerta (Chile)
Óscar Ortiz (Colombia)
Patricia Guereca (México)
Patricia Martínez (Chile)
Ramzy Kahhat (Perú)
Rodrigo Navia (Chile)
Sangwon Suh (EEUU)
Sonia Valdivia (Suiza)
Tito Morales (Colombia)
Xavier Gabarrell (España)
onference on Life Cycle Assessment - CILCA2015
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Elena Rosa (Cuba)
Francesc Castells (España)
Gil Anderi (Brasil)
Ian Vázquez (Perú)
Isabel Quispe (Perú)
Jair Santillán (Perú)
Joan Rieradevall (España)
Sonia Valdivia (Suiza)
Quispe (Perú)
Jairo Chacón (Colombia)
Joan Rieradevall (España)
Karin Bartl (Perú)
Kevin Harding (Sudáfrica)
Mark Goedkoop (Países Bajos)
Martina Prox (Alemania)
Nydia Suppen (México)
Óscar Huerta (Chile)
Óscar Ortiz (Colombia)
Patricia Guereca (México)
tricia Martínez (Chile)
Ramzy Kahhat (Perú)
Rodrigo Navia (Chile)
Sangwon Suh (EEUU)
Sonia Valdivia (Suiza)
Tito Morales (Colombia)
Xavier Gabarrell (España)
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Proceedings of the
© De esta edición:
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
Energías Renovables (INTE
Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Perú
Teléfono: (51-1) 626-2000 anexo 3060
Correo electrónico: [email protected]
Sitio web: http://inte.pucp.edu.pe/
Todos los derechos de esteo total con fines académicos siempre que se mencione el origen.
Primera edición: Julio de 2015 Diseño de Tapa: Percy Edgar López Zegarra
Diseo de logo 10 años: Gabriela Barón
Responsabilidades: El contenido y opiniones vertidas en los trabajos incluidos en este libro son responsabilidad de sus respectivos autores.
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Life Cycle Assessment
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio
Energías Renovables (INTE-PUCP)
Av. Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Perú
2000 anexo 3060
Correo electrónico: [email protected]
Sitio web: http://inte.pucp.edu.pe/
Todos los derechos de este volumen están reservados. Sólo está permitida la reproducción parcial cadémicos siempre que se mencione el origen.
Primera edición: Julio de 2015
Percy Edgar López Zegarra
Diseo de logo 10 años: Gabriela Barón
Editores
Alejandro Pablo Arena
Bárbara Civit
El contenido y opiniones vertidas en los trabajos incluidos en este libro son responsabilidad de sus respectivos autores.
onference on Life Cycle Assessment - CILCA2015
4
Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y
volumen están reservados. Sólo está permitida la reproducción parcial
El contenido y opiniones vertidas en los trabajos incluidos en este libro
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Proceedings of the
Prólogo
Una vez más CILCA, la Conferencia
para compartir los avances metodológicos, los casos de estudio, las innovaciones y los análisis
sectoriales que investigadores, tesistas y practicantes han desarrollado en distintas regiones del
planeta.
Impulsadas por la Red Iberoamericana de Ciclo de Vida, las CILCA se realizan cada dos años en
distintos países de la región, y es esta vez la hermosa ciudad de Lima quien nos recibe para su
Sexta Edición, invitados por la Red Peruana de Ciclo de
de Perú, con el apoyo de la UNEP
Desde la primera edición en Costa Rica en el 2005, la conferencia ha visitado Brasil, Chile,
México, y Argentina antes de llegar a Perú para celebrar lo
esfuerzos.
CILCA 2015 está dirigido a investigadores, consultores y profesionales que trabajan en la
sustentabilidad de procesos y productos, y que ven en el enfoque de ciclo de vida y las
herramientas de análisis
introduciendo mejoras ambientales continuas, pero también la identificación de eventuales ahorros
en la producción y oportunidades de negocio.
Adicionalmente a los cursos, sesiones técnicas
plenarias y Mesas redondas, en esta VI versión se ha incorporado el aspecto cultural a través de
talleres, considerando la importancia de conocer nuestras expresiones y reafirmando el derecho a
la cultura, ya que ella nos une y enriquece mutuamente.
Los trabajos reportados en estas actas resumen el pensamiento, la experiencia y el trabajo de largas
horas que autores de distintas regiones comparten con nosotros. Servirán de guía para los sectores
productivo y educativo, para los tomadores de decisión, las organizaciones y para los ciudadanos
que luchan por alcanzar la sustentabilidad basados en el conocimiento científico más actualizado.
Alejandro Pablo Arena
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Life Cycle Assessment
Una vez más CILCA, la Conferencia Internacional sobre Análisis de Ciclo de Vida, nos ha reunido
para compartir los avances metodológicos, los casos de estudio, las innovaciones y los análisis
sectoriales que investigadores, tesistas y practicantes han desarrollado en distintas regiones del
Impulsadas por la Red Iberoamericana de Ciclo de Vida, las CILCA se realizan cada dos años en
distintos países de la región, y es esta vez la hermosa ciudad de Lima quien nos recibe para su
Sexta Edición, invitados por la Red Peruana de Ciclo de Vida y la Pontificia Universidad Católica
de Perú, con el apoyo de la UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative.
Desde la primera edición en Costa Rica en el 2005, la conferencia ha visitado Brasil, Chile,
México, y Argentina antes de llegar a Perú para celebrar los 10 años de experiencias, desarrollos, y
CILCA 2015 está dirigido a investigadores, consultores y profesionales que trabajan en la
sustentabilidad de procesos y productos, y que ven en el enfoque de ciclo de vida y las
herramientas de análisis con las que se relaciona, una oportunidad de ir sistemáticamente
introduciendo mejoras ambientales continuas, pero también la identificación de eventuales ahorros
en la producción y oportunidades de negocio.
Adicionalmente a los cursos, sesiones técnicas orales y de presentación de pósters, conferencias
plenarias y Mesas redondas, en esta VI versión se ha incorporado el aspecto cultural a través de
talleres, considerando la importancia de conocer nuestras expresiones y reafirmando el derecho a
ltura, ya que ella nos une y enriquece mutuamente.
Los trabajos reportados en estas actas resumen el pensamiento, la experiencia y el trabajo de largas
horas que autores de distintas regiones comparten con nosotros. Servirán de guía para los sectores
ctivo y educativo, para los tomadores de decisión, las organizaciones y para los ciudadanos
que luchan por alcanzar la sustentabilidad basados en el conocimiento científico más actualizado.
Alejandro Pablo Arena
onference on Life Cycle Assessment - CILCA2015
5
Internacional sobre Análisis de Ciclo de Vida, nos ha reunido
para compartir los avances metodológicos, los casos de estudio, las innovaciones y los análisis
sectoriales que investigadores, tesistas y practicantes han desarrollado en distintas regiones del
Impulsadas por la Red Iberoamericana de Ciclo de Vida, las CILCA se realizan cada dos años en
distintos países de la región, y es esta vez la hermosa ciudad de Lima quien nos recibe para su
Vida y la Pontificia Universidad Católica
Desde la primera edición en Costa Rica en el 2005, la conferencia ha visitado Brasil, Chile,
s 10 años de experiencias, desarrollos, y
CILCA 2015 está dirigido a investigadores, consultores y profesionales que trabajan en la
sustentabilidad de procesos y productos, y que ven en el enfoque de ciclo de vida y las
con las que se relaciona, una oportunidad de ir sistemáticamente
introduciendo mejoras ambientales continuas, pero también la identificación de eventuales ahorros
orales y de presentación de pósters, conferencias
plenarias y Mesas redondas, en esta VI versión se ha incorporado el aspecto cultural a través de
talleres, considerando la importancia de conocer nuestras expresiones y reafirmando el derecho a
Los trabajos reportados en estas actas resumen el pensamiento, la experiencia y el trabajo de largas
horas que autores de distintas regiones comparten con nosotros. Servirán de guía para los sectores
ctivo y educativo, para los tomadores de decisión, las organizaciones y para los ciudadanos
que luchan por alcanzar la sustentabilidad basados en el conocimiento científico más actualizado.
Isabel Quispe
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CILCA2015
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CONTENTS
FULL PAPERS ..................................................................................................... 13
SECTION I - DEVELOPMENTS ON LCA METHODOLOGIES AND DATABASES ....................................................................................................... 14
Towards a Mexican Life Cycle Inventory database: First phase, building sector. .................................................................................................................... 15
Development of a method for adapting international LCI data for Brazilian building products ................................................................................... 21
Analysis of Methods for Impact Categories of Biotic Resources in Life Cycle Assessment ................................................................................................. 27
Development of a simplified LCA calculator tool for the Chilean LCI database ................................................................................................................. 33
Life Cycle Inventory of carbon emissions generated by the housing sector in Mexico in the period 2000 – 2012, using the Input – Output Method .................................................................................................................. 38
Building a consensus model for assessing impacts of water use in LCA – First results of the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative working group .............. 47
SECTION II - LCA IN AGRIFOOD CHAINS .................................................... 51
Life Cycle Analysis of the production of origin coffee at Las Delicias indigenous reservation, north of Cauca. Preliminary results ................................ 52
Life Cycle Assessment of agricultural products at a cultivation site in Ica (Peru) ..................................................................................................................... 58
Environmental study of the sugarcane Value Chain in the province of Tucumán (Argentina) considering different technology levels ............................ 66
Engaging farmers in agricultural LCA studies...................................................... 72
Organic vs. conventional citrus. Impact assessment and variability analysis .................................................................................................................. 80
Environmental Impact Assessment of Semi-Intensive Beef Cattle ...................... 88
Preliminary environmental study of the citrus industry or Tucuman (Argentina) based on the Life Cycle Assessment ................................................. 92
Life Cycle Assessment of the productive chain of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.): An alternative for an environmentally sustainable process ................................................................................................................... 98
Comparison of environmental impacts in the production chain of organic and conventional coffee ...................................................................................... 103
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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of poplar plantations: global warming potential and energy consumption in the US PNW ............................................ 109
SECTION III - LCA CASE STUDIES ON OTHER CONSUMPTION CLUSTERS ......................................................................................................... 114
An evaluation of the environmental performance of reused vinasse as fertilizer for sugarcane crops in Brazil ................................................................ 115
Life Cycle Assessment of wood packaging used in the automotive industry ................................................................................................................ 121
SECTION IV - LCA COMMUNICATIONS AND STEWARDSHIP SCHEMES .......................................................................................................... 126
The influence of Eco-labels over purchasing decisions and consumer perception, in the Chilean market ....................................................................... 127
Measuring a product’s resource efficiency – a case study of smartphones ........ 133
The implementation of a certification scheme for the Peruvian seafood sector based on life-cycle approaches ................................................................. 137
Sustainable Recycling Industries (SRI) in Developing Countries – State of the art of recycling metal standards ................................................................ 146
SECTION V - LCA IN THE BUILDING SECTOR .......................................... 152
SIP panel an option to build sustainable housing in Mexico .............................. 153
Life cycle energy and costs of sprawling and compact neighborhoods .............. 157
Life Cycle Assessment of a hydrodynamic roof cooling system with energy recovery ................................................................................................... 163
Potential greenhouse emissions avoided with the use of local materials for housing construction in Colombia ................................................................. 169
Environmental impacts over the Life Cycle of a residential building in Lima-Peru ............................................................................................................ 174
Environmental Impact Trade-offs in Building- Envelope Retrofit Strategies ............................................................................................................. 181
SECTION VI - LCA OF BIOFUELS, RENEWABLE AND CONVENTIONAL ENERGY CARRIERS ....................................................... 186
Environmental assessment of the production and use of fuel bioethanol from Eucalyptus globulus as a gasoline replacement in Chile ............................ 187
Life Cycle Inventory and Impact Assessment of Pinus radiata torrefaction and cofiring in Chile............................................................................................ 194
Biodiesel Generation from a Mixture of Different Edible Waste Vegetable Oils ..................................................................................................... 201
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Environmental and economic assessment of the optimized biodiesel production in Spain from domestic raw materials .............................................. 206
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formate: A Global Warming Footprint Analysis ............................................................................... 213
Environmental performance analysis of cogeneration of electricity from successive additions of biomass in autonomous distillery .................................. 218
Life Cycle Assessment of soybean-sunflower production system in the Brazilian Cerrado ................................................................................................ 224
Comparison of different gasoline-sugarcane-based Ethanol blends using a Life Cycle Assessment approach ........................................................................ 231
Life-Cycle Assessment of biodiesel produced with palm oil from Colombia ............................................................................................................. 237
Life-Cycle GHG emissions factors from production and use of fossil-fuels in Mexico .................................................................................................... 243
Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment of soybean biodiesel in Portugal: import grain, oil or biodiesel from Brazil? ......................................................... 250
Life cycle assessment of the electricity network in Ecuador .............................. 256
SECTION VII - LCM APPROACHES .............................................................. 263
Introducing the Guidance on Organizational LCA by the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative ............................................................................................ 264
Strategic sustainable design of Brazilian mobility on tourism oriented by LCA ..................................................................................................................... 270
Social Life Cycle Assessment of brazilian Ethanol production systems using LCA and Input-Output Analysis: Workers as stakeholders ...................... 275
Proposals for improvements in social Life Cycle Assessment ........................... 281
Life cycle approaches in Latin American organizations – an approach to identify frontrunners............................................................................................ 287
LCA Trends in Latin America ............................................................................ 292
SECTION VIII - EDUCATION AND CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT ........ 298
Inclusion of Life Cycle Thinking in undergraduate education in Argentina. Experience of the subject matter 'Sustainability of the supply chain and life cycle of products, processes and services'. ................................... 299
Life Cycle Approaches for regional development – a journey towards sustainability ....................................................................................................... 305
SECTION IX - FOOTPRINTING CASES AND TOOLS ................................. 310
Carbon footprint of Argentine peanut ................................................................. 311
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WAVE+ – Temporally explicit atmospheric evaporation recycling and water scarcity calculations allowing for water footprinting in agriculture ......... 319
Yupi, a regional Footprintcalculator ................................................................... 323
SuizAgua Andina: Assessing Water Footprint in Peruvian companies .............. 331
Carbon and water footprints of the Ecuadorian banana production. ................... 338
Carbon footprint of Chilean export Blueberry .................................................... 344
SECTION X - SUSTAINABILITY POLICIES, GREEN ECONOMY, INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY ................................................................................. 349
Integrated geopolitical related criticality assessment as part of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessments – First experiences .................................................. 350
Towards the design of “Smart Parks”: development of industrial ecology tools for industrial and service parks in Brazil and Spain ................................... 356
Climate Change-centrism and energy policy: a case study for Peru and Spain .................................................................................................................... 361
Building networks and capacity for mainstreaming Life Cycle Thinking: A case study from India ...................................................................................... 368
SECTION XI - WASTEWATER AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECICLYNG .............................................................. 374
Environmental Benchmarking of 113 Spanish WWTPs using the LCA+DEA method ............................................................................................. 375
Life Cycle Assessment of domestic wastewater treatment systems ................... 381
Environmental assessment and energy performance of biomass utilization from urban and rural pruning waste .................................................................... 389
Improvement proposal in the Urban Solid Waste Management system in a district in northern Lima, using Operation Research tools ............................... 398
Alternative valorization in waste management systems using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - (Study case of post-consumer PET bottles) ...................... 406
POSTERS ............................................................................................................ 413
SECTION I P - DEVELOPMENTS ON LCS METHODOLOGIES AND DATABASES ..................................................................................................... 414
Exergy analysis as an additional perspective in material and energy flow models ................................................................................................................. 415
Constructing a National LCADatabase for Colombia –organization and roadmap ............................................................................................................... 416
Quality analysis of agricultural datasets for forest biomass................................ 417
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Environmental performance analysis of products using different versions of ecoinvent: case study for relevant products to Brazil ..................................... 418
SECTION II P - LCA IN AGRIFOOD CHAINS ............................................... 419
Life Cycle Inventory of egg production in Bahía, Brazil .................................... 420
Emissions of methane and nitrogen oxides in livestock semi-intensive systems ................................................................................................................ 421
Life Cycle Analisys for pinapple fiber in Colombia ........................................... 422
Environmental impacts of production of Pisco Itala at the central coast of Perú ..................................................................................................................... 423
Impact Assessment of milking process in a midsize dairy farming in Bahía, Brazil ........................................................................................................ 424
SECTION III P - LCA COMMUNICATIONS AND STEWARDSHIP SCHEMES .......................................................................................................... 425
Current situation, opportunities and challenges of eco-labelling strategies in Peru ................................................................................................................. 426
Implementation of Life Cycle Assessment network: the importance of interinstitutional partnerships in Bahia, Brazil.................................................... 427
SECTION IV P - LCA IN THE BUILDING SECTOR ..................................... 428
LCA of Phase Change Materials application to heat hydroponc crops’ root zone in substitution of a conventional root zone heating system ................ 429
Assessment of environmental impacts of a commercial concrete block in Chile .................................................................................................................... 430
Embodied energy and carbon footprint assessment of compressed earth block and earthbag system using LCA ............................................................... 431
Environmental assessment of Calcium carbonate addition as a flux for burning clay bricks .............................................................................................. 432
The influence of acoustic and thermal requirements in the functional unit of external walls LCA for bulding sector ............................................................ 433
LCA applied to the revalorization of agricultural and industrial residues for green construction ......................................................................................... 434
SECTION V P - LCA OF BIOFUELS, RENEWABLE AND CONVENTIONAL ENERGY CARRIERS ....................................................... 435
LCA of Jatropha curcas L. production for biodiesel in the Southwestern Dominican Republic............................................................................................ 436
Life Cycle Inventory for energy system in Rio de Janeiro ................................. 437
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Multi-objective optimizacion of the sugarcane-based bioethanol supply chain using the analytic hierarchy process .......................................................... 438
LCA applied to the revalorization of agricultural wastes focused on renewable energies .............................................................................................. 439
SECTION VI P - LCA CASE STUDIES ON OTHER CONSUMPTION CLUSTERS ......................................................................................................... 440
LCA and LCC integration for supporting decisions in the design and construction of sewer networks in future smart cities ......................................... 441
Comparison of HDPE and ductile iron pipes for drinking water supply networks though eco-efficiency assessment ....................................................... 442
Life Cycle Inventory of a small-scale WWTP for construction and operation phases .................................................................................................. 443
The environmental consecuences of changing a business strategy assessing the impact of offshorIng on the carbon footprint of a seafood product................................................................................................................. 444
Life Cycle Assessment of low carbon binder based on the valorization of industrial wastes .................................................................................................. 445
Study of the impact category of land use ............................................................ 446
SECTION VII P - LCM APPROACHES ........................................................... 447
Evaluation of sustainability aspects in the life cycle of social housing in Colombia ............................................................................................................. 448
SECTION VIII P - FOOTPRINTING CASES AND TOOLS ........................... 449
Carbon Footprint by artificial conditioning, Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi, Mexico .................................................................................................... 450
Carbon Footprint of handmade tortilla´s manufacture in Pátzcuaro Basin, Michocán, Mexico............................................................................................... 451
Footprints of Patsari stove against open fire: from cradle to gate and use models ................................................................................................................. 452
Carbon Footprint of non-conventional binders ................................................... 453
Source of systematic uncertainty in corporate Carbon Footprint of universities .......................................................................................................... 454
SECTION IX P - WASTEWATER AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLING .............................................................. 455
Application of Life Cycle Assessment in the treatment of effluent plants from industrial laundries ..................................................................................... 456
The cost of urban rainwater harvesting in the Sonoran Desert ........................... 457
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SIP panel an option to build sustainable housing in
Mexico Dr. Gerardi J, Artista Gonzales1, Mtri. Jorge Aguillon Robles1, Andrea Cesar
Barba2 1Lider del Cuerpo Académico Hábitat Sustentable, Facultad del hábitat, UASLP 2Tesista carrera de Arquitectura, Facultad del Hábitat, UASLP, Niño Artillero
No. 150, CP. 78290, San Luis Potosí, México.
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
The research´s, main purpose is to assess the environmental impacts of the use of the Structural
Insulated Panel (SIP) as an alternate construction system. Please, check this phrase, too much
complex The system is based on prefabricated panels, with an outside sheet of fiber cement and
polystyrene inside in a way of sandwich, wich are used both to build insulated walls and slabs
mezzanine and roof which makes it very attractive for mass housing construction material.
Another research interest is related to the fact determine the most appropriate location of the
current production facility considering the distribution of nationwide panel with lower
environmental burden, since in its current location in Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, environmental
impacts by the use of ground transportation to potential distribution centers and consumption are
quite high.
Keywords: insulated panels, prefabricated buildings, sustainable housing.
Introduction
The SIP system was created in 1937 by architect Frank Loyd second Wright in the US and is used
in over 17 countries. It initially consisted of exterior wood sheet, then replaceted for fiber cement,
which we call "Panels Duratherm". They are manufactured with two flat fiber cement adhered to
both sides of expanded polystyrene "EPS" high density together these mechanically structured
treated, horizontal and vertical wooden elements coated basecoat on cement sheeting panels.
The cement is based on the principles of reinforced concrete. Instead of steel, fibers are used as the
cement hardening element, while the gravel and sands provide compression capability. The
curing process requires certain reactions of two key elements: cement and silica sand; but there is
another technology, which refers to the natural curing or the environment in which the cement is
playing the lead role.
At that level we could say that the portion of the fibers is between 3 and 8.5% of the total
composition. There is such variation due to the qualities of each fiber, as is not the same use
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mineral chrysotile fibers extracted from the mines, the cellulose or synthetic as polyacrylonitrile,
polyvinyl alcohol or polypropylene, which typically provide between 2 and 3.5% of the total
weight of the matrix are formulated.
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a material used in construction, especially for thermic and acoustic
insulation and in a number of diverse applications. Check the english It is technically defined as
"rigid cellular plastic material made from the molding of pre-expanded expandable polystyrene
beads or one of its co-polymers, having a closed cellular structure and air-filled".
Using SIPS has different advantages. Its construction speed (of what?) represents a significant
saving of time, wich means a quick recover of investment, and also, energy savings for the end
user, since it is thermally insulated with a thermal envelope r = 32. This not only means money
saving and less energy consumption, but it also increases the quality of life for users, mainly in
places with extreme temperatures.
Methodology The research was conducted with LCA methodology (ISO 14040) using the damage oriented
method Ecoindicador 99 (H) of the SIMA.Pro 7.2 software and the database ecoinvent 2.0 (2007)
Purpose and scope.
Identify and evaluate the environmental impacts during the production of SIP panel with focus on
damage caused by categories of climate change, ecotoxicity and consumption of fossil fuels and
the interpretation of results. The scope of the study covers from the extraction of raw materials and
the impacts generated during production of the panel to the selection of the probable location of
the plant and the means of transport with lower impacts on different distribution centers in
Mexico.
Functional unit.
1 SIP panel whose function is to separate spaces, either vertically (walls) or horizontal (floor slabs
or cover).
Flow of reference.
1 SIP panel 3 M2 (1.22. X 2.44 Mts., Or 4 'x 8') consists of two fiber cement sheets attached to a
plate EPS 3 "1/4,
Limits of system.
LCA analysis of SIP Panel comprises from extraction of raw materials for the production of basic
elements of the panel in various probable locations of the production plant to distribution of SIP
panel to different distribution centers in Mexico.
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Results
Figures 1 and 2. Comparative adhesive 0.825 Kg ", 1kg fiber cemen t plate 1Kg plate T and EPS; Method: Eco-indicator
99 (H) v2.07 / Europe EI 99 h / h / Single Score and Characterization.
Figures 3 and 4 show the environmental impact of the three main components of SIP panel. The
main contribution comes from the fiber cement, followed by EPS and finally the adhesive.
Figures 3 and 4. Comparative Impact between SIP´s production process and SIP´sdistribution process, plus raw
materials, energy and emissions considered in SIP´s production. . Method: Eco-indicator 99 (H) v2.07 / Single Score.
Diagram life cycle
Balance between the impacts generated by a plate of SIP panel during its manufacturing process
and the same plate with cumulative impacts in transporting the product to distribution centers.
Figures 5 and 6. Correlation between 1 pc. SIP Panel A, 1 pc. SIP Panel B, and 1 pc. SIP Panel
Method: Eco-indicator 99 (H) v2.07 / Europe EI 99 h / h / Single Score and Characterization
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A comparisons among three SIP panels made in three probable locations of the plant and the
impacts generated by various types of transport from these sites to different distribution centers are
shown in the following Figures.
Figures 7 and 8. CO2 emissions from plant SIP panels in different locations and transportation.
Method IPCC 2007 GWP 100/Characterization. Method: Eco-Indicator 99 (H) v2.07 Single Score.
Comparison of CO2 generated during the manufacture of panels in three probable locations of SIP
panel manufacturing plant and transport panel to distribution centers located in major cities in
Mexico.
Discussion
The first comparison between SIP’s components shows that fiber cement is the greater impact,
since it´s a 93% of SIP´s weight. And….?. The second, states that the burning of fossil fuels for
transport is the main source of damage. In turn, the third comparison indicates that minor impacts
are generated in located in the center of the country including distribution to three major cities
nationwide plant. Finally the fourth, confirms that even varying types of transport the course of the
panel manufactured in central Mexico has the best results.
Conclusions
The results show that the transport of raw materials and finished products generates the greatest
environmental impacts and the distance between center of production and distribution is directly
proportional to the separate impacts of transport.
References
[1] Cadis, Center for Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainable Design (2013) Course Introduction to LCA Methodology Mexico.
PROCEEDINGS CILCA 2015 GJAG