Universe and Theories of Cosmology

Define Universe: • The totality of all space, time, and matter

(everything)

• Cosmology is the study of the origin and general structure of the universe as a whole. It endeavors to use the scientific method to understand the origin, evolution and ultimate fate of the Universe.

• Most galaxies when viewed from Earth are moving away. Astronomers know this by observing a red shift in their spectrums when annualizing galaxy light.

• One of the 1st to study this effect was

Edwin Hubble

• Hubble graphed his data from galaxies and found out that galaxies father away had a greater red shift of light waves which meant they were traveling faster.

• This data showed the universe is expanding

• If we run the expansion backwards it would lead to a common origin point (Big Bang)

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• 1. Big Bang Theory – the universe started with an explosion matter expanded out cooled to form galaxies, stars, planets.

• - most accepted theory

• - Universe continues to expand

• - Astronomers discovered expansion rate is faster than 1st theorized

• this increase rate of expansion perhaps is due to new data on dark matter and dark energy

• From Hubble graph data we can estimate age of Universe present data: age = 13.8 billion years

Dark matter/energy

• 2. Oscillation Theory (big crunch) – states the universe started with a big bang explosion and will expand outward to a point until gravity of the matter in the universe stops and pulls everything back together. And will repeat the process over and over …. (also called the rubber band theory)

• - not excepted due to lack of matter (critical density) – but the search continues ???

• 3. Steady State theory – universe is stable: density of the universe stays the same

• - not accepted because as the universe expands new matter must form to maintain the density (or fill voids)

• We have no data to suggest this matter created out of nothing …

What will occur ?? Future universe?

Lab time … • http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/graphics/anim

ations/Flash/balloon.swf

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