UNIVERSAL WORLD VALUES…?

WORLD VALUES

Rushworth Kidder wrote a book entitled, Shared Values for a Troubled World

He interviewed people in 16 different countries

He identified 8 values universal to all 16 countries

How accurate is his data? There are 192 recognized countries by the UN and countless ethnicities worldwide.

16 COUNTRIES 8 VALUES

FAIRNESS FREEDOM LOVE RESPECT FOR LIFE RESPONSIBILITY TOLERANCE TRUTH UNITY

VARIABLE IN HIS STUDY

DID ALL THE COUNTRIES DEFINE THE VALUE IN THE SAME WAY? What are some words that you see as hard

to define across cultures? Why?

CULTURAL UNIVERSALS

CULTURAL UNIVERSALS ARE DIFFERENT FROM UNIVERSAL VALUES CULTURAL UNIVERSALS-NEEDS THAT ARE

BASIC TO A GROUP OF PEOPLE SO THAT THEY DEVELOP CERTAIN FEATURES TO ENSURE THEIR FULFILLMENT.

CAN A CULTURAL UNIVERSAL TRAIT BE A RESOURCE?

CULTURAL UNIVERSALS

Cultural Anthropologist George Murdock examined hundreds of different cultures in an attempt to determine general traits common to all cultures. He compiled more than 65 traits some include:

Body adornment, cooking, dancing, family, feasting, forms of greeting, funeral ceremonies, gift giving, housing, language, medicine, music, myths, folklore, religion, sports, and toolmaking. Did he find that all cultures had the same ways of

carrying these traits out?

CULTURAL VALUES

What factors account for the many cultural differences between two societies? You may have marriage in both but in one

arranged marriages are commonplace, and in the other marriage occurs between lovers.

How do we evaluate other cultures? Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism

HOW DO VALUES BECOME PART OF WHO YOU ARE?

SOCIAL NORMS SHARED RULES OF CONDUCT THAT TELL

PEOPLE HOW TO ACT IN SPECIFIC SITUATIONS

SOCIETIES NEED NORMS HOW ARE THEY ENFORCED?

NORMS OF A SOCIETY

NORMS-

SHARED RULES OF CONDUCT

FOLKWAYS MORES LAWS

2 DISTINCT WAYS NORMS ARE ENFORCED

1. INTERNALIZATION-to internalize a norm, to make it part of your personality, conditioning a person to society’s expectations

2 DISTINCT WAYS NORMS ARE ENFORCED 2. SANCTIONS-rewards and or

punishments used to enforce conformity to norms Positive-action that rewards behavior Negative-punishment to enforce

conformity Formal-reward or punishment by a formal

organization Informal-spontaneous expression of

disapproval or approval by an individual or group

SOCIAL CONTROL

SOCIAL CONTROL IS THE ENFORCING OF NORMS THROUGH INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL MEANS INTERNAL: SELF CONTROL-LEARNED

THROUGH INTERNALIZATION OF NORMS EXTERNAL: OUTSIDE FORCES,

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CAN A SOCIETY FUNCTION WITHOUT AN

EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL CONTROL?