1

The equivalence between the general relativity theory and the theory of pseudo vector matter is not in itself overly remarkable except for the conclusion that this last theory shows our fundamental

principles in physics from a complete different point of view.

Fundamental conclusions of above statementFirstly, the sequence of evolution during the early universe is still speculative. Therefore not different

from other theoretical cosmologies. See chap 5 for reference at the end of this chapter.However the scaling data of the derived parameters make all the difference helping us to understand

possible new fundamental principles in theoretical physics.

Secondly, the dynamics of the coherent matter in pseudo vector holes is undeniable amazingly strange that our fundamental views of the laws of nature might be completely turned over.

All because the scaling parameters for these holes cannot be denied.

Thirdly, nothing without experiments to prove the validity of the new idea of an intermediate vacuum based on pseudo vector neutrinos, the mediation between photon physics and gravity or inertia of

matter.Therefore book 1 and 2 are dedicated to experimental physicists and engineers

CommentBk 2 became about year before Bk 1(2017), Quark model

Just because of the discovery of ½c effective due to volume excitations of the two colliding black holes described here. Applying this result rigorously made the spectacular tentative quark model possible.

2

CONTENT OF BOOK 2: Alternating Spinning Black holes and the alternative cosmology

List of symbols book 1and book 2 Chap 1 Description and definitions of pseudo matterChap 2 Physics of gravity generation in matter surrounded by weak ’vacuum’Chap 3 Alternating spinning black holes consisting of coherent pseudo matterChap 4 Dynamic alignment for pseudo vector cells in the interior of a black hole

Classification in the size of alternating spinning black holesComparison between standard and alternative cosmology

Chap 5 Static black hole conditions for the evolution of gravitational equilibrium of our cosmos

Summary of Chapter 1Description and definitions of pseudo vector matter

Overview of Chapter 2The physics of gravity generation in matter surrounded by weak ‘vacuum’

The key to understanding gravity is that the virtual vector of time coherence is always equal to the labour displacement due to internal synchronized acceleration between neutral matter.

The vector of time coherence is opposed to the displacement of labour pointing inwardly. The precession vector due to synchronized internal acceleration is equal to the time coherence

but generates always 90o angle between them. The conserved cross vector product. The labour displacement vector due to action /reaction is carried by the pseudo vector

mediating medium consisting of solely dark matter or pseudo vector e-neutrinos. Further gravity generation is independent of Fermi spin in neutral matter. However Fermi

particles should have absolute intrinsic spin conservation to generate a cumulative precession vector which only an mediating pseudo ‘vacuum’ can provide.

Overall without the consideration of the existence of the electrical charge between electrons and atoms this is all there is to it, nothing can be added. However the electric charge complicates above explanation because opposing charges generate opposing directions for internal acceleration or the internal parameters of Fermi particles. See chap 1.

Summary and conclusions of Chapter 3Alternating spinning black holes consisting of coherent pseudo vector matter

The agreement between the two theories comes from the observation of the gravitational waves by the two LIGO interferometers. The analysis is given in par 4.

In par 1 and 2 a general description about coherent vector matter and the properties of the dynamic pseudo matter black hole are given. In par 3 the simplified interference model of composed vectors each representing a event horizon of a static black hole is derived followed by par 4 calculating the parameters for the equivalence proof between the two theories. In par 5 the size and the maximum effective spin of a pseudo matter black hole consisting of two horizons has been calculated, two horizons due to opposing gravities and last but not least in par 6 by applying Riemann’s index determined from the observed signal on the theoretical energy of the universes gives the actual overall mass the geometric mean(statistic) of the galaxies.

First conclusionThe conformation for the possible existence of coherence pseudo matter within colliding black holes as dynamic oscillation process comes from the onset of the ’chirp’ determining that the resulting event radius is many times greater than the actual participating static event radii predicted by GRT. Just

3

because the internal mean of the pseudo density in terms of dynamics never can exceed a density of 1.1043 04 109 kg/m3 .

Second conclusion.The theory of coherent pseudo vector matter predicts that the alternating spinning black holes have the sole suitable conditions to generate the gravitational waves based on the general relativity theory discussed in par 5.1.

Summary and conclusions of Chapter 4Dynamic alignment for the pseudo vector cells of normal and conjugated matter in the interior of a

black hole In the previous chapters table 2 shows the pseudo vectors up to a certain magnitude. In par 1 the complete consequences for the self consistency due to 2nd and 3rd root reduction are shown.The table gives the quark and lepton vector length of the coherent pseudo cells in relation to angular momentum and the labour path of the vectors. The interspacing of the cells by neutral pseudo vacuum cells cannot be neglected.

In par 2 the classification is derived distinguishing a class of small black holes and the other one for the super massive black holes predicting the existence of a super massive black hole of 17 109 solar mass close to the possible maximum. In par 4 the steady state interference between opposing pseudo matters is derived due to the composed cell alignment for the volume refraction index of propagation.

In par 3 the alignment of cells is discussed to convert the static vector dimensions into the dynamics determined by the two matters, normal and conjugated resulting in the 4 laws of dipole alignment. The inversion of the composed pseudo vector elements gives a perhaps too simplified model showing how the cells could interact in spherical symmetry at the event horizons.

Due to the opposing line densities maintained by the polarity of the gravitational constants the small alternating energy of 5 watts/ kg for the composed coherent pseudo matter is completely understood especially since the correlation between the equivalence between general relativity theory and the theory of coherent pseudo matter has been proven. It also shows that the decay of the neutron due to the alternation of the very weak 4D gravitational waves is a consequence of the statistic mean for the class of the super massive black holes. The mean is about 2 1038 kg or 2 108 solar corresponding to a decay time of 11.3 minutes derived in par 5.

Table comparing standard and alternative cosmologySummary Chap 5

Static BH conditions for the evolution of the gravitational equilibrium of our cosmosWith the radius of the event horizon of a black hole as a tool the expansion of pseudo matter for the different states of evolution of the universe can be calculated.So TBig is the onset for a number of BH with the event radius scaled to TBig to drive the external expansion. The pre Higgs conundrum is the period less than TBig. In Bk1this conundrum was finally understood as the period for the formation of the electron parameters from Planck’s parameters due to 102428 binary divisions with respect to the conserved equilateral pyramid symmetry for the overall mass of the universes.

4

List of symbols used in book 1 and book 2Dimensions in [kg] [m] [sec]

λ , λbh : general event radius for a static black hole (BH)λpl , λe :Planck’s length and electron Compton lengthλe1 , λe2 : scaled electron lengthλp1 , λ p2 :scaled Planck lengthG : universal constant of gravityM : mass of a BHc : speed of lighth :uncertainty constant of Heisenbergα :reciprocal fine structure constant 137.036 νe :electron frequency with respect to c but also 2νe due to ½ cae :outward acceleration of electron under opposing Gaei :acceleration over inverted coherence length Lei of electron δe :internal effective density of electron me /λe

3

δx :density of a particle with mass ratio mx to electronδ , δm :respectively, a macroscopic density and a mean densitympl , me :Planck’s mass and electron mass respectivelym , mo :relativistic mass and respectively the rest massmx(e) , λx :mass and uncertainty vector of a particlempx :the product of (mpx me) related to mpl as mpx(±1 ±i) PG :line density c2 /G = mpl /λpl (kg /m)Pm :minimum line density due to leptons and quarks (kg /m)pce :line density of electron as momentum multi plied by cNpl :Me /me number of electrons acc. to me Me = mpl

2

ne :number of electrons per metre, reciprocal of λe

nref :volume refraction indexnlin :linear refraction index in radial directionFvac :electron flux me /λe

2 = (h /c)(1 /λe3) (kg /m2)

Yvac :reciprocal of Fvac (m2 /kg)yx :reciprocal flux of particle λx

2 /mx(e) with mass ratio mx (m2/ kg)F x :mx(e) /λx

2 flux for particle (kg /m2)Ie :λe /me reciprocal line density or coherence number for electron in one kg over

a vector length of one metre (kg /m) derived in chap 3 par 3Lcross :coherence length for Ie due to applying the static BH relation ie :λe /mpl reciprocal line density of electron to Planck’s mass (m /kg)ix :λx /mx(e) reciprocal line density particle with mass ratio mx (m /kg)TBig ,T2s :initial times for the evolution of coherent universeTe :time interval for Lce at ½ cAcross :cross vector as surface as example Lcoh x Llab (m2) Abh :plane of precession (m2)A ,Av : ratio A = 1.477958(5) or Av of exact √1.5Ce :dimensional constant as pseudo vector CFx :inversion ratio with respect to Yvac

Mtot :referred to total mass of Lcoh

M54 ,M45 :Mtot and M45 geometric mean mass equivalent to Lcross M61 ,M47 ,M41 :derived coherence masses of static BH about 1061, 1047 etc. in kgMsuper :geometric mean or statistic average for super massive BHMsun :mass of Sun of 2 1030 kg or one solar massLcoh :general coherence length, the static BH equivalent to Mtot

Llab, Lelb:in general as path of coherent labour for electron or resp. in formulaLmean :product of Lcoh and Lelb

L(Fx) :in relation to Mtot(Fx) generating M61 ,M47 ,M41 etcLx , L1, L2

2 :coherence length used in bk 2 chap 4

5

L1s :event radius to M61

L2s :L22 as vector cross defined converted in static BH event radius

L3 ,L4, L5 :vector cross for epochs of BH event radii followed by M3,δ3 etc. LG :derived vector due to Lcoh /Lcross

Lun :Lun = Lcoh due to Mtot = (c2 /G) M1 with M1 BH- mass of event radius of 1m M1 = 1.346685 1027 kg.

Lce :coherent vector of angular momentumLpl :coherent labour vector as 3rd root of Lun

Lcross :Lcross = Lce2 vector cross product of Lce

Lneu :coherence length of the pseudo e-neutrinos as mediating vacuumR22 ,Rpe :ratio of mpl /me = 5.989415 1022

R5 :ratio of √(mpl /me)1/4 = 4.947046 105 Rpl , Re , RG :Rpl = Lpl , Re = Le , RG = LG. Vectors for BH radii of event.δpl , δpe , δG :densities with respect to R- vectorsRc :the effective radius of BH for a pseudo matter holeRout , Rin :respectively outer and inner event radiusS :absolute quantum mechanical spin or coherent spin in pseudo BHω :macroscopic angular velocity

With the definition of λpl2 = h G /c3 and mpl

2 = hc /G then {c2 / G = mpl /λpl} a line density. With h the uncertainty constant.

mpl = 5.456035 10-8 me = 9.109462 10-31 kg λpl = 4.051453 10-35 λe = 2.426583 10-12 m

Relevant cell parameters of the pseudo vector vacuumRatios with respect to me

142.6940 :Higg’s vacuum contraction, 142.6940 x 1728 = 2.465752 105 me = 126 GeVchap 1 and chap 7.

149.9481 :state of the irreducible coherent lepton, chap 3 and 4.√149.9481 = 12.24532 (12.24532)3 = 1836.163 (proton 1836.153)10 x √3/2 = 12.24744 deviation 1.000173

286.2874 :Planck’s representation, 286.2874 x 1728 = (mpl /me)1/4 = (λe /λpl)1/4

287.4854 :initial pseudo cell of vacuum energy during TBig = (½ √2 /c) secBook 2 chap 4 and 5. Pseudo vector 6.59992 giving: (6.59992)3 = 287.4854

1.1547005 :288 /144√3 = √4/3 = m /mo = 1/√(1 – 0.25)relativistic ratio for max velocity of a pseudo vector cell ½ √2c in ‘vacuum’.Giving intrinsic spin ½c2 and labour ¼c2 due to effective velocity ½c.

144√3 :reduced mediating mass between quark and electron cell.mmed = ½ √(meff α) meff effective proton mass ratio of any atom1728 conserved quark cell, chap 1 par 6 and chap 7.

1.766053 mpl = 1.766053 (me)1/4 see book 2 chap 1. (1.002490 x 2√2) x 1.766053 =5.007540 or 10.01518 see book 1chap 1 par 6.

6

7

Chapter 1

DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITION OF PSEUDO VECTOR NEUTRINOS FOR ‘VACUUM’

Par 1 Introduction to pseudo vector matter

Pseudo matter is the assumed possibility that the weak force can be separated from the electromagnetic force under quantum mechanical interaction. Then the weak force has to interact through a mediating medium, the pseudo vector vacuum, which can be associated to the observed three kinds of neutrinos at c-velocity. However the state of pseudo vector vacuum cannot be an exchange of the c-neutrinos to matter in itself. Therefore the pseudo vector state of a kind of neutrino is distinguished in an arrangement of four pseudo vectors according to the definition of fig 1. These four pseudo states of neutrinos represent two absolute coordinate systems, one clockwise and the other anti clock wise.

The analogue for particles in table 1 distinguishes four particle states for each the proton, the neutron and the electron (positron). Each matter particle is defined according to the four states of the pseudo vector vacuum cells, consequently distinguishing in quark and lepton vector cells.The additional degree of freedom is that one charged cell can be in exchange to the four vacuum cells then giving these the options shown in table 1.

.

The definition of the pseudo vacuum cells accommodates the two option for gravity defined by +G and – G of the universal constants of gravity. A charge matter cell can be accelerated and then be decelerated by the pseudo vacuum under conservation of angular momentum. It gives a rule that negative electric charge is defined by – G and positive charge is for +G and vice versa according table 1. So there are two options for (mod G) the opposite quark and lepton cells which are distinguished by clock wise and anti cw symmetry giving the four state of matter of a particle or cell. Secondly the two matters for either cw or anti cw symmetry, normal or conjugated state are subjected to spin conservation while their electric charge nullify. Then the anti cw system comprises the anti matters in four qualities two quark and two lepton cells.

Par 2 Properties of matter and conjugated pseudo vector matter.

The particle analogue for coherent pseudo matter is given in table 1. Matter and conjugated matter belong to the same absolute coordinate system of chiral symmetry. While anti matter and conjugated anti matter have an anti clock wise symmetry as coordinate system. Immediately it is clear that the electric charge violation between the normal quark and the conjugated quark cells, similarly for lepton and conjugated lepton cells is an option however the angular momentum per cell has to be conserved. This momentum can only be conserved by neutral pseudo vector cells mediating between the charge cells to prevent this.

8

Table 1

Absolute chiral symmetryAnalogue for coherent pseudo vector matter

CONSERVATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND ELECTRIC CHARGE DUE TO OPPOSING DIRECTIONS FOR INTERNAL ACCLERATION

MATTER ANTI MATTERSpin: C.W. Spin: anti C.W.

Name charge dir. Name charge dir.time anti time

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Proton pos left (+) anti proton neg right(-)Conj proton neg right(-) conj. anti pr pos left(+)

Electron neg right(-) positron pos left(+)Conj. elect. pos left(+) conj. positr. neg right(-)

The neutron is also distinguished in four matters as the proton.

1. The time directions are a consequence of the polarities of the 3D parameter for the line density [kg/m] of (mpl/ λpl = ± c2/G). The polarity sign is for the universal constant of gravity of G. True statement provided internally for any particle of which interacting ‘vacuum’ of pseudo neutrinos have only a maximum of ½c effective velocity.

2. The direction of time due to internal acceleration in charged, baryonic, matter. So the direction of time is coupled to the electric charge of a particle.

3. The spectacular tentative atom/quark model Bk 1 chap 2 par 2 shows that the pseudo vector τ-neutrinos are responsible for the internal dynamics of a quark cell. Tentative rules derived are:

Conservation of electric charge and the angular momentum prevents the conversion of matter and conjugated matter to be converted in anti matter. This applies for coherent degenerated pseudo matter in black holes.

Conservation of electric charge is valid for particle collision converting matter in anti matter of which the conjugated state cannot be observed. The non conservation of angular momentum is a consequence of the exchange to the external pseudo vector ‘vacuum’.

Conservation of angular momentum is only valid for the internal arrangement in a quark ensemble. A change in electric charge can be the consequence.

4. Cumulative precession of nullified Fermi spins in a macroscopic mass due to synchronized internal acceleration in the particles is possible provided an intermediate medium exist.

Note, the term pseudo vector vacuum is related to spontaneous vacuum break down due to weak interaction force between particle exchange..

Par 3 Description of the pseudo vector vacuum.

According to fig 1 four independent pseudo vector cells are possible, two with clock wise and two cells with anti clock wise spin. A single cell can never exist as in a single state, for the vector component of acceleration or deceleration cannot exist separately. Either the pseudo neutrino cell is latched to the lepton or quark cell or it is paired between themselves. The highest energy state of a pseudo neutrino pair is the c-state of the neutrino which can be observed as a single particle. This state always decomposes into pseudo vectors in due time because the ½c effective velocity for the pseudo‘ s determines a lower energy.

9

Apart from the precession vector, a neutral pseudo vector cell, neutrino cells, consists of labour displacement and spin in the four options conform the table.

Par 4 The derivation of the absolute chiral symmetry and the spin of the Fermi particles determined by the pseudo vector cells for vacuum.

The pseudo vector cell for vacuum consists in four independent combinations of vectors. All components are equal in amplitude of the vector, vector length and perpendicular to each other. The property of each component is change of the momentum g, the spin p and the precession as shown in fig 1.

Fig 1

Each vacuum vector cell can adhere or latched itself to one of the charged cell. Four cells of absolute angular momentum interact with either lepton- or quark cell for each of the four kinds of matter.

The postulate is that if the maximum internal velocity in a particle due to internal acceleration is ½√2c then the angular momentum as energy is ½c2 . The external labour due to displacement is ¼c2 which has to be matched by the latched pseudo vector cells, overall giving an effective velocity of ½c for a particle and defining a photon as 2c = 2 abs(± c). The photon as a simultaneous event of opposing directions. See Bk1 chap 2 par 2.5 Bell’s theorem. At least it is clear that gravity waves have to comply to this condition because of the alternation resonance for the black holes between the two polarities of G, opposing time directions.

Par 5 Apparent relativistic paradox

The internal effective velocity of ½c between charge cells in exchange to the pseudo vector cells of ‘vacuum’ does not violate the external relativistic laws. In a process of electromagnetic acceleration of an individual charged particle the collective exchange to the pseudo vacuum surrounding the particle is accelerated together with the particle. In relativistic terms the laboratory coordinate system in which the particle resides is not affected by the comoving weak ‘vacuum’.

Similarly neutron decay or any β decay accelerates an electron to above ½c in exchange to the internal quark arrangement together with the release of an energetic e neutrino at c.

However the internal synchronized acceleration as gravity for a macroscopic mass the effective velocity can never exceeds ½c. Star matter collapse exceeds the barrier of ½c if a threshold density is reached then decoupling of the charged cells from the individual cells of the collective environment of pseudo ‘vacuum’ happens.

10

Chapter 2

PHYSICS OF GRAVITY GENERATION IN MATTER SURROUNDED BY A WEAK ‘VACUUM’

Time coherenceThe definition of time coherence is a consequence of the internal acceleration in a particle generating the generalized Compton length. Due to the executed displacement a part of the internal energy represents the labour energy while the angular momentum gives the spin energy.

Imagine all internal acceleration cycles of the particle aligned in a straight line giving (n) times the Compton length. This virtual alignment is the coherent labour of particle in time. So time displacement or time coherence alignment. The consequence of the spin of the particle is that due to action- reaction of the internal acceleration the particle has a precession which is 90o provided the three components of the pseudo vector are equal and perpendicular. Meaning the 90o shift is the a coherence alignment, always 90o to the direction of internal acceleration and the direction of the precession is determined by the spin of the particle. Obviously the maximum allowed internal velocity has to be below c but absolute for either cw or anti cw matter as in absolute anti matter.

In conclusion, time coherence as alignment is valid for any pseudo matter system, either for a particle or for the coherence matter in a pseudo matter black hole. In case of an electron, the Compton length λe is a measure for the cross vector product λe x λe and incorporate the precession vector while for the proton the generalized Compton length is the base for the precession vector product. According to table 1 and fig 1 the proton and the electron have opposing internal accelerations due to opposing electric charge.

The force of gravity is equal to the synchronisation of internal acceleration of the atoms or particles.Time coherence is related to local synchronisation acceleration because the labour path can be expressed in virtual time coherence. The definition of synchronized acceleration goes as follows. Any Fermi particle has internal acceleration due to the virtual photon induction for electric charge generating the exchange to the pseudo vector vacuum.

Solely due to the condition that pseudo vector cells have non zero dimensions surrounding the neutral atoms/ molecules the synchronisation acceleration is possible between groups of atoms. It comes from the precession dimensions between the neutral atoms. Any atom consists of opposing electric charges of which the proton kind has the major internal acceleration with respect to the electron neutralising these and maintain a force equilibrium in infinity. So synchronisation is driven by protons with the much smaller generalized Compton dimensions while the pseudo vacuum has a million times longer length to the electron making the e-neutrino pseudo cells acting as brakes to internal acceleration and synchronizing these.

The overall result is synchronized acceleration to a mass centre radially inward especially because the particle spins of all atoms are randomized and therefore balanced to zero provided absolute spin conservation determines cumulative precession. See chap 1 table 1. Secondly the precession vectors and the labour path give the precession cross product which are random tangentially to the surface at a radius for the integrated path of synchronized acceleration generating the spherical symmetry around the mass centre. Far away from the centre synchronisation acceleration is zero and since the cross vector product is always quadratic, the inverse proportionality in Newton’s law of gravity is explained in complete detail.

Any inertia mass point interacting to the pseudo vacuum generates an orbital angular momentum subjected to the radial gravity force giving a precession vector nullifying the random presence of the precession vector at 90o to the radial direction resulting in section planes through the mass centre. Comment, the description of the physics of gravity has been updated in BK1after chap 3 ‘Intermezzo’.

11

ExtrapolationHere the introduction for the existence of pseudo matter black holes is given as follows:

1. The extreme condition for internal synchronized acceleration in pseudo matter is a state of coherence which gives maximum synchronisation or coherence into matter.

2. Since neutral matter has two electric charge polarities the compressed coherent condition are two synchronized internal accelerations of each kind of lepton and quark cells consequently reaching equal opposing synchronized accelerations. A kind of leptons or quarks compromises normal or conjugated matter.

3. Only two kinds of gravity can generate conjugated and normal matter under the condition of intrinsic spin conservation. It means that vectors cells as leptons and quarks are to be split into the conjugated and normal forming a complicated mix to comply to point 2. Apparently the alternation states between the mix of the two kinds of matter is the only option. So constructive charge violation under intrinsic spin conservation.

4. The Schwarzschild black hole as a curved 4D-time space geometry has absolute spherical symmetry and therefore the radial dimension as one parameter. This parameter can be adapted to the pseudo vector definition of equal components of different nature then complying to point 3. The main reason is that the vector of time coherence and precession are supposed to be equal making up the vector cross product. In that case the static black hole geometry gives the only condition to conform to an effective coherent state of pseudo matter. It means this pseudo hole can only have one effective density.

5. The last compromises eight states of matter, two lepton cells, two kinds of quark cells and four pseudo vector state of the neutrinos. Lepton and quark are conjugated to each other in charge but not anti cw as for anti matter while the pseudo neutrino cells are cw and anti cw. The result has to be an alternating spinning equivalent of the static BH. It also defines a class or classes for the pseudo matter BH. The class of small ones and the class of super massive ones. So far the random photon horizon as a curved zero geodesic has not been defined.

The following chapter derives the parameters for the alternating spinning black hole from the observed signal of the LIGO interferometer for gravitational waves.

Intermezzo to GRTSince the theory of pseudo vector matter only allows a weak gravity approximation due to the internal effective velocity of the weak vacuum and charged matter, the Riemann positive curvature tensor for a black hole could be linearized under these conditions.

For mild Riemann curvature one can state that 4D time curvature tensor approaches spherical Newtonian space with varying time intervals of a certain magnitude. So G-waves might be volume excitations of Euclidean volumes linked to time coherence intervals. This is the approach for chap 3 in which the LIGO signals show ½ c velocity waves of the coherent dark matter.

12

Chapter 3

PROOF OF THE EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN THE STATIC BLACK HOLES OF GENERAL RELATIVITY AND THE ALTERNATING SPINNING ONES CONSISTING OF COHERENT

PSEUDO VECTOR MATTER

Summary The agreement between the two theories comes from the observation of the gravitational waves by the two LIGO interferometers. The analysis is given in par 4.

In par 1 and 2 a general description about coherent vector matter and the properties of the dynamic pseudo matter black hole are given. In par 3 the simplified interference model of composed vectors each representing a event horizon of a static black hole is derived followed by par 4 calculating the parameters for the equivalence proof between the two theories. In par 5 the size and the maximum effective spin of a pseudo matter black hole consisting of two horizons has been calculated, two horizons due to opposing gravities and last but not least in par 6 by applying Riemann’s index determined from the observed signal on the theoretical energy of the universes gives the actual overall mass the geometric mean(statistic) of the galaxies.

First conclusionThe conformation for the possible existence of coherence pseudo matter within colliding black holes as dynamic oscillation process comes from the onset of the ’chirp’ determining that the resulting event radius is many times greater than the actual participating static event radii predicted by GRT. Just because the internal mean of the pseudo density in terms of dynamics never can exceed a density of 1.1043 04 109 kg/m3 .

Second conclusion.The theory of coherent pseudo vector matter predicts that the alternating spinning black holes have the sole suitable conditions to generate the gravitational waves based on the general relativity theory static black holes discussed in par 5. Namely the temporal conversion of positive Riemann curvature into coherent imaginary time vectors maintaining 3D Euclidean occupied by pseudo dark vector matter .

Par 1 Description of coherent pseudo matter.

Coherent matter is a special case for the degenerated matter generally used in scientific literature. While the degenerated matter is defined as the collapsed state of quarks and leptons as some static state for degeneration, coherent pseudo vector matter is dynamic. It is not stable in itself. Only together with the conjugated vector, the dynamics is stabilized and can be turned in a perpetual state of oscillation between the two states of normal and conjugated matter as these matters are discussed in chap 1. Both matters consists of quark and lepton vector cells each having in neutrality opposite electric charges per quark and per lepton pseudo cell while the angular momentum for conjugated and normal cells have the same absolute orientation. In the coherent state of pseudo matter the pseudo vector neutrinos are compressed together with the states of quark and lepton cells although due to the dynamic interaction the pseudo neutrino cells maintain the separation between cells of normal and conjugated matter. The statement is that the formation of a c-boundary is conjugated to the well known mirror condition for electric charges. In other words this mirror condition of conjugated charge is always phase forward with respect to the slow matter progress of the vacuum pseudo neutrinos. It is this property of conjugated induction to either matter or conjugated matter which determines the alternation. Due to the coherence compression the charged pseudo cell is always 180o phase shifted to a similar conjugated cell and vice versa. This maximum phase shift is only valid for coherent pseudo matter.

13

Par 2 Description of the alternating spinning black hole of coherent pseudo vector matter.

The 3D representation of a static 4D time space black hole is a hyper surface in three spatial dimensions. The event horizon as the radius λ obeys the formula (λ c2 = G M) with c the light speed, G the universal constant of gravity and M the enclosed mass energy screened off externally from 4D curved empty space.

A black hole consisting of coherent pseudo vector matter is real Newtonian 3D representation of matter and conjugated matter existing within the black hole. Why real because these matters are subjected to the limits of the vacuum of pseudo vector neutrinos as is treated in chap 1and 2.

The pseudo vector matter hole has two event horizons which are in steady state interference due constructive electric charge violation between the two kinds of pseudo matter defined in table 1under the condition of absolute intrinsic spin conservation internally. The two event horizons, one exterior horizon and one internally, are due to existence of the two polarities for the universal constant G. Two opposing G’s act to opposite time directions which direct immaterial momentum flux due to the process of action reaction in the pseudo matter between the opposite time directions. The opposing momentum fluxes result in a state of nearly zero energy for the pseudo matter ensemble.

Considering the equivalence between the 4D black hole and the pseudo vector hole, it is possible to state that very mild weak gravitational waves due to the alternation of the pseudo vector hole are in equilibrium or are partially nullified by the vacuum of pseudo vector neutrinos surrounding the pseudo matter black hole. The term of mild weak is not only due to the much larger event horizon but also due to the energy balance between the horizons compressing the coherent composed pseudo vector matter (opposing G’s). The dynamic radial alternation is worked out in detail in chap 4.

Par 3.0 The equivalent statement

The formula of the event horizon of λ for a static black hole of mass M is:λ c2 = G M (3.1)

With the gravity momentum induction of c2/G as line density.

These black holes have no intrinsic spin or angular momentum. So the direct supposition is that the pseudo matter cells of cubic symmetric behave as static and due to the internal spin of a cell, the spin vector, determines the cumulative spin representing the overall 3D-mass energy of a pseudo matter vector hole. As will be shown the external effective event horizon Rc of the pseudo hole of the same mass is larger than the one of the 4D-hole expressed in a λ-radius.

Further due to the Newtonian properties of matter in the pseudo vector hole one can introduce the density by using (1) the mean density of δ which gives (3.2):

λ2 δ = c2/G (3.2)The event horizon is inverse proportional to its density. It means for two c-boundaries that the smallest radius drives to expand and vice versa to the larger radius tries to compress.

From chap 2 the definition of time coherence one could show that gravity is the synchronisation acceleration between particles due to their own internal acceleration. Only a positive particle has opposite acceleration to a negative charged one. In fact this symmetry explains the existence of the polarity for the universal constants of gravity G.

So time coherence as alignment is valid for any pseudo matter system, either for a particle or for the coherence matter in a pseudo matter black hole. It also determines that the cross vector product for say the universe is Lcoh x Lcoh valid parameter if applied to matter in our cosmos. Lcoh is the labour due to the accelerated expansion of the pseudo matter vacuum dark matter surrounding the 4% charged matter in the universe.

14

Par 3.1 Derivation of the reciprocal parameters. Pseudo vector inversions

The power reduction for the pseudo vector cells is based on four parameters between Planck’s constants and the two constants of the electron which are reduced to the two constants of the line density of momentum. Note [ ] brackets for analysis of dimensions in this paragraph.First step

mpl /λpl = 1.346685 1027 and me /λe = 3.754028 10-19 [kg/m]mpl /λe = 2.248442 104 [kg/m]

While mq /λq is the reciprocal line density of quarks derived from mpl /λe .

Because 1.346685 1027 /2.248442 104 = 2.663804 1018 [kg/m] the reciprocal of (me /λe)

mpl = 5.456035 10-8 me = 9.109462 10-31 [kg] λpl = 4.051453 10-35 λe = 2.426583 10-12 [m]

Ratio mpl /me = R22 = 5.989415 1022 For proof, see Bk1 chap 3

Numerical symmetry:[kg/m] ratio [kg/m]1.346685 1027 5.989415 1022 2.248442 104

Division of the line density mpl /λpl by R22 gives mpl/ λe while R22 divided by mpl /λe gives the numerical reciprocal of the electron density but it is dimensionally a line density. Note,Proven in Ref 1 Bk1 chap 2 in the cubic vector of √2 and the relation to the electron density of

δe = 1.002490 x (√2)3 x 2.248442 104 [kg /m3]

Second stepNumerically Planck’s line density determines the ratio of the event radius to BH mass. Apply the static BH expression of 3.1:

M54 /Lcoh = c2 /G = mpl /λpl M54 ~ Lcoh x Lcoh

(~) equality due to vector product according to the definition of time coherence in par 3.1.Or Mtot = M54 = Ncoh Lcoh Mtot is product of Ncoh Planck’s filaments. See cover.

M45 /Lcross = c2 /G M45 ~ R22 x R22 giving Lcross

Ratio R22 converted to a vector length allowed, by taking ‘step one’ for granted.Ratio M54 /M45 = 5.055493 108 = Lcoh /Lcross

Now all numerical values are derived in the dimension of a length. See also definition at cover.Lcoh = 1.346685 1027 Lcross = 2.663804 1018 LG = 5.055493 108 [m]

Postulation of the absolute vector density for the pseudo matter holesThe critical mass exactly corresponding to the dimensions of a Schwarzschild hole or static BH is:

Mpl /Rpl3 = δpl making Mpl = Rpl

4 by applying rel 3.1 par 3.0.Mpl = 1.487148 1036 [kg] Rpl = 1.104304 109 [m] (Rpl)3 = 1.346685 1027 m

Making δpl = 1.104304 109 [kg/m3] the effective density for the onset of the calculation of any alternating spinning pseudo matter black hole.This shows that the one radius of a static BH represents three equal pseudo vector components each of different nature. So the components of spin, external acceleration and precession determine the coherent pseudo matter internally. Such a hole can only exist provided the three components are different and meet an opposing acceleration determined by – G.

Par3.2 The simplified interference model for coherent pseudo vector matter

The two matter states of Rpl and RG are always in opposing each other due to the polarities of G.With respect to the coherent photon state of the horizons the composed normal pseudo cells occupy Rpl

state for 180o, the other 180o is for conjugated matter, similarly for the RG occupation. The basic phase

15

shift for Re is 90o in relation to Rpl or RG representing the angular momentum vector, the vector cross product. The basic photon phases for the quarks is 120o and for the lepton cells 180o. The whole composed state of pseudo vectors is the simplified interference model representing the overall boundary conditions between inner and outer c-horizons and synchronized by phase interference.

Table 2Coherent lengths (m)

Lun = 1.346685 1027 Lcross = 2.663804 1018 LG = 5.055493 108

Rpl Re RG (m)3rd rt. 1.104304 109 sq.rt. 1.632116 109 5.055493 108

δpl δpe δG (kg/m3)1.104304 109 5.055493 108 5.269131 109

This table is worked out in detail in chap 4.

The three parameters in the 2nd row of table 2 are chosen to be respectively δpl , δpe and δG the densities in different situations of expansion and compression of the pseudo vector hole with densities defined according to rel 3.2. It means that the scalar vector product is represented by the densities. The densities have the ratios between them

δpl /δpe = 2.184360 δpl /δG = (2.184360)2 (3.3)

Re/ Rpl = 1.477958 Rpl /RG = (1.477958)2 = A2 Note, the ratio A = (1.477958) is a ratio and here A2 = 2.184360

Obviously these ratios are fundamental for the interference between the two opposing conjugated c-boundaries, event horizons. Apparently no higher densities in the pseudo vector matters are possible for such an oscillation system, see the discussion in chap 4.

Introduce the effective c-radius for the pseudo hole Rc = Rpl

Define RG and Re in the reversed order to their densities.RG = A Rc and Re = (1/A2)Rc according to δpl , δpe and δG .

RG > Rc = Rpl > Re inverse proportional to δG < δpl < δpe

For interference of opposite G’s then RG and Rpl are acting simultaneously in opposing directions in which the effective Rc is not moving. One region always operates in a low density pseudo vector mixture of cells while the other is the high density region.

RG – Rc low region Rc – Re high density. These are the two opposing radial paths for simultaneous expanding or compression.Further detailed knowledge of the pseudo cell patterns is not needed in the proof of gravity wave exchange.

The intervals of (RG – Rc) and (Rc – Re) are synchronized to each other which require effective propagation velocities within the composed pseudo matter, always below c and as to be shown below the effective neutrino cell velocity which is the geometric mean of ( ½√2 c) becoming ½ c.In low density the propagation is faster than in the high density region, both result in the same effective refraction index of nref .

RG – Rc = (A – 1) Rc – Re = 1 – (1/A2) (RG – Rc )/(Rc – Re ) = (A – 1)/{1 – (1/A2)} = nref

A = 1.477958 nref = (A + 1)/A2 = 1.134409 (3.4)

This nref is a vector volume refraction index. The index in one vector direction is: n1 = (1.134409)1/3 = 1.042933 (3.5)

16

These theoretical constants of nref and A representing the composed pseudo vector matter, are used in the next paragraph analysing the gravitational wave signal.

Due to the limit of (½ √2c) of the vacuum consisting of pseudo vector neutrinos, the overall pseudo matter is still subjected to the theory of special relativity. (A ¼c2 labour and ½ c2 spin)So in general for the pseudo cells: m /mo = 1/{√(1 – 0.25)} giving m = 1.154700 mo .

The first idea was to understand this factor of 1.154700 as the maximum volume refraction index valid in a non composed pseudo matter. Due to alternation of the pseudo matter in the black holes the above derived volume index of 1.134409 seems to be correct. It also means that the time momentum flux to the 3D phase space of time has not to be enhanced by a factor of say 1.154700. So according to Newton (½ M c2) of spatial space is always fundamentally correct of which to time an energy flux of ½ Mc2 disappears, all in accordance to general relativity theory, where M generates the 4D gravitational energy around spatial space. This approached was changed in par 4, 2nd derivation.

Par 3.1 scaling calculation with respect to ½ √2c limit velocity and the absolute spin of 3/2 c2.

The reciprocal of the constant ½√2 and the constant for the pseudo spin of quarks of 3/2 are fundamental constants in the pseudo vector analysis. These are nearly exact with respect to ratio of A = 1.477958. Take:

(3/2) /1.477958 = 1.014913 and 1.477958 /√2 = 1.045074With

1.045412 = (1.014913)3

The ratio 1.45412 /1.045074 = 1.000323 ( – 1) = 1/3093 as deviation.

Par 4 The proof of equivalence between static 4D black holes and a spinning 3D pseudo vector black holes.

FIG 2 Press release 11 February 2016

Observed data from the figure. One Solar is 2 1030 kg, the mass of our Sun.The two interferometer detectors show nearly coinciding signals with a difference of 7 msec due to the distance between the detectors.

1. The signal of implosion runs in 30 msec from 40 Hz to 250 Hz. 2. The signal of importance for the overall fused pseudo vector hole involves 7 peaks counted

either plus or negative in the signal. The time interval is from 0.30 to 0.43 sec giving an overall difference of 130 msec.

The general relativity theory for non linear generation of gravity waves by colliding 4D- black holes determined from the implosion of the signal in increasing frequency, the incident masses of the black

17

holes as 29 and 30 solar and the final state as 62 with a dissipation of 3 solar in gravitational wave energy.

The coupling coefficient for the effective Riemann volume. The Riemann volume even if it is much smaller than the actual pseudo matter hole, determines the mass loss of the pseudo hole in the conversion to 4D gravity waves. In case that the event horizon or c-radius Rc is much longer than the one of the 4D hole, it means that for the holes of 29 and 36 solar the wave interaction has an onset at Rc for the average mass of 63.5 solar. The Riemann volume is spherical symmetric for a static black hole.

Take the density δpl = 1.104304 109 kg /m3 as Newtonian density, table 2.Rc = (1.27 1032 /1.1043 109)1/3 = 4.863 107 m

With a factor 4/3 π the spherical radius is: Rc = 1.161 107 m.

The final state of 62 en 3 solar gives the ratio of dissipation in gravity waves giving : 4.7244 % So the Riemann volume coefficient can be defined as 1.047244 giving the universal conversion constant for a pseudo black hole mass into gravity waves.

1st DerivationThe theoretical derivation is shown in the previous paragraph. Take the ratios for the densities rel 3.5:

δpl /δpe = 2.184360 δpl /δG = (2.184360)2 Obviously the quadratic relation is an indication for the resonance behaviour because the event horizon is inverse proportional to the density as assumed.Determine the scaling coefficient: (1.477958)1/8 = 1.050044 (1.477958)2 = 2.184360

Relate to the quark spin of 3/2 c2 and the limit velocity of pseudo vector neutrinos ½ √2 c according to par 3.1:

(3/2) / 1.477958 = 1.014913 and 1.477958 /√2 = 1.045074 = (1.014804)3

Follow the 8th root scaling: (1.045074)1/8 = 1.005526 = 1.0027592

The effective calculated Riemann index is:1.050044/ 1.002759 = 1.047157

Compare to 1.047244. The agreement is extreme good but not astonishing because the 4D black hole masses are calculated from the same signal.

Error assessment on the theoretical constants Take A = 1.477958 and calculate:

A1/7 /A1/8 = 1.00700 A1/8 /1/9 = 1.005541 The error with above assessment is: (1.005541 /1.005526)8 = 1.000119.

2nd DerivationThis calculation leads direct to the understanding of the effective Riemann index:Take m /mo = 1/{√(1 – 0.25)} giving m = 1.154700 mo ½ √2c factor.

1.154700 / 1.005526 = 1.148354 = (1.047189)3

It shows that this coefficient is vector volume related and to be associated to a hyper surface in 4D space time. Apparently in the derivations 1 and 2 the numeric values of 3/2, √4/3 and √2 plus its reciprocal are fundamental constants including the √3. See Book 2 chap 1’Hypothesis of emergence’.

To be expected signal peaks, revolving 4D-holes, or volume oscillations of the ensemble for the composed pseudo vector matter hole.Take for the composed ensemble the average of the two masses of 32.5 solar. Calculate the radius:

Rc = (32.5 x 2 1030 /1.143 109)1/3 = 3.890 107 x {1/(4/3 π)} = 9.2865 106 m.The 4D radius, event, is:

6.5 1031/ 1.346685 1027 = 4.827 104 m. With line density c2/mod (±G) = 1.346685 1027 kg/m.

18

The geometric mean as effective radius for wave interaction is: (9.2865 106 x 4.826 104)1/2 = 6.695 105 m

With 130 msec and maximum c- velocity the number oscillations could be:V130 = 0.130 x 3 108 = 3.9 107 m/sec as a radial inward directed velocity.

So 3.9 107 / 6.695 105 = 58.25 vibrations.

Take instead of the c-velocity the effective velocity of a (½ c) which is the geometric mean of ½ √2 c.Due to vector symmetry of a cube volume the oscillations are organized in three independent perpendicular directions. So at least a factor of 8 has to reduce the above calculated oscillations:

58.25/8 = 7.281 With the correction for the linear refraction index of 1.042933 which has to be a division.See rel (10):

7.281 /1.0429 = 6.982 truncated to 7 times error 0.3 %.

Conclusions.Both above calculation confirm the equivalent statement for the alternating pseudo black holes and thegeneral relativity theory for gravity waves of two colliding black holes. The onset of the ‘chirp’ is determined by the ½ c effective velocity of the pseudo coherent matter internally making the event radius of these pseudo holes much greater than actual sizes of the static 4D-holes which is due to mean of the dynamic density for pseudo matter internally.

The 8th root scaling in the 1st derivation can be associated to eight independent octants, degrees of freedom, involving composed pseudo matter at the centre of oscillation.

Par 5 The inner and outer event horizon, c-radii for all alternating spinning black holes.

In the previous section par 3 it was assumed that the outward and inward going displacements of composed pseudo vector cells are synchronized interactions attuned by the volume refraction index. The leading effective density of cell matter between outer and inner boundaries, the c-radii is δ = 1.104304 109 kg/m3. These c-radii can be expressed with respect to the effective radius Rc for this density.

Rout = 1.477958 Rc Rin = Rc /(1.477958)2

For a mass M of the black hole:M /δ = 4/3π (Rout

3 – Rin3)

Rout3 – Rin

3 = Rc3 {(1.478)3 – 1 /(1.478)6} = 3.132445 Rc

3 (3.7)

For the largest super massive black hole of M = 2 1040 kg one calculates Rc = 1.113 1010 meter making Rout smaller than the static λ-horizon of 1013 m. For the Sun M = 2 1030 kg then Rc = 5.168 106 m with a static horizon of λ =1435 m which is much smaller than Rin .

3.132445 x 4/3π Rc3 = 2 1030 /1.104309 109 giving Rc = 5.168 106 m.

As well the outer as the inner event radius have a boundary layer of respectively 50 and 30 m in equilibrium to the external pseudo vector vacuum rapidly reducing from τ- ,µ- to e pseudo neutrinos according to calculations in chap 4.

The condition of maximum angular rotation energy is given by tangential velocity at the effective radius meaning the black hole is not a rigid rotor. The photon tangential velocity is at c for Rout and Rin.

v2 = ω2 (Rout2 – Rin

2) = ω2 Rc2{1.4782 – 1 /(1.478)4} = 1.974778 Rc

2

v = ½ c /nlin nlin is linear refraction index using the maximum speed of ½√2c. ¼ c2 /nlin

2 = 1.974778 ω2 Rc2 v = 1.02347 108 = ω Rc nlin = 1.042933.

The tangential velocity is about 1/3 of the speed of light at Rc.

For the Sun ω = 19.8 cycles /sec at Rc = 5.17 106 m and for the largest super massive black hole of

19

2 1040 kg then Rc = 1.1134 1010 m with ω = 1.0 10-2 cycles /sec. The λ-horizon of 1013 m is now larger than Rc and in comparison with the Sun where the horizon is smaller than Rc. The calculation is not relativistic corrected.

Note the classification for the range of pseudo holes is still valid, see chap 4. Although still strange the + G and – G to both sides of the shell of pseudo vector matter maintains the equilibrium between both event horizons. In the sense of physics the vector vacuum has to be in equilibrium by tunnelling through the c- boundaries of the event horizons.

Definition of the photon horizonsAt three times the event horizon of the geometry of the static BH the incident photons as zero mass particles touch tangentially at 3λ-event. If the mean of the spin of pseudo matter at Rc generates a 1/3c angular velocity then one expects a photon tangentially 2D sphere solely due to the angular momentum induced by the virtual photons giving momentary effective electric charge at Rout . At that spherical surface virtual photons are decoupled from the electrical charged state of the pseudo matter. The generation of the photon sphere suggests to come from precession decoupling of the pseudo vector cells. In any case the condition for the photon sphere has to be lossless with no dissipation to the exterior.

Par 5.1 Excitation of gravitational waves by pseudo matter black holes

The 1st statement is that only pseudo matter black holes as a dynamic oscillation model can maintain or generate gravitational waves. The 2nd statement is that the mass loss of a pseudo matter BH is not converting energy into gravity but pseudo charged matter converts into pseudo weak vacuum or just neutrinos. The reason is simple, the continuity of energy reflects principally at the inner event horizon or better still there has to be absolute energy conservation inside these pseudo holes. No dark matter energy can be stored into ‘another’ time direction, of course for reasons of the opposing G’s.

4D-Gravity waves or G-wavesA 1st consideration is that any compressed pseudo matter in a star never can generate G-waves. Simply because the mediating pseudo vector vacuum only allows maximum velocities of ½√2c and although the particle pseudo cells during collapse reach c-velocity. Define this as a soft boundary condition. So star matter collapse cannot generate G-waves.

A 2nd consideration is that a static BH in GRT can be defined overall as a hard boundary condition giving time dependent deformation in which a spherical symmetric Riemann tensor of positive curvature converts to 3D Euclidean spherical symmetry then the hard boundary confirms the 2nd statement the absolute energy conservation for the overall ensemble of the pseudo hole. The question is does the Riemann index play a role in the radial displacement? Obviously the answer is yes. Only in the 5 watt /kg alternation there has to be an equilibrium between the generation of of photon even energy and energy stored pseudo vector vacuum or dense dark matter.

Concluding statement for G wavesGravitational waves give a direct reflection of dark matter of coherent pseudo vector matter to time coherence. Only if the propagation of synchronized accelerations are opposite to each other then alternating time coherence as a consequence of the cross vector product between precession and coherent labour vector can be maintained. The definition explains perfectly why volume propagation at an effective velocity of ½c is observed.

Par 6.1 The Riemann index for Mtot = 1.813560 1054 kg the mass of the universe.

20

In case the a mass partially converts into 4D gravity waves during the onset of the universe then by using the averaged Riemann index of 0.047207 % or 1.047207 has a factor two involved. This factor two is not easily explained meaning only half of Mtot is involved which is the actual overall mass involved for G-wave conversion.

The reasoning is as follows. The simultaneous generation of mass for opposing event cones of (±G) coefficients determines a reflection condition. On the other hand the 4D-condition for static black holes determines that the empty space volume is Newtonian having pseudo vector matter as boundary condition to pass the immaterial momentum flux to the dimension of time. It gives the drive for labour expansion. So the reflection factor has to be a half of the mass of Mtot of table chap 5.

Now the calculation is straight forward.Take ε2 = 1.047207 x (0.047207)2 then ε = 0.4830480.The G-waves condensing into matter and conjugated matter in opposition to anti matter is for our universe:

½ ε Mtot = 4.380510 1052 kgTo be compared : First calculate defined as: Fvac = λe

2 /me and δe = me /λe3

½ Fvac δe Mtot = 1.813560 1054 /50.69442 = 3.577436 1052 kg. See table chap 5 par3. The ratio between the two:

4.380510 /3.577436 = 1.224483 while √1.5 = 1.224744The error in Riemann’s index based on par 4 can be: 0.047244 /0.047189 = 1.001165It shows that the supposition of the exact factor of 1.5 is correct within the limits for determination of the coherence of matter under black hole conditions.

The mean external density of pseudo vacuumSimilarly: ½ Fvac δe = me

2 /λe5 = 50.69442 and δe /Fvac = 1 /λe

Further Lei = 2.663804 1018 m giving the ratio: Lei /λe = 6.463943 106 For reasons due to double inversion the internal density δe of 6.375398 104 kg /m3 used in the static black hole conditions can be transformed in the external mean density δm = ½ 6.463946 106 kg /m3 representing the mean pseudo properties of vacuum or dark matter /energy. The 1st vacuum to matter inversion.By lack of a better model for interference between matter and conjugated matter the idea of opposing pseudo matter cells surrounded by the pseudo neutrino vacuum has been applied using the formula derived in par 3 and 5 only with different parameters. So the coherent pseudo matter conversion in chap 5 rel 2.7 and 2.8 for the masses is:

4.380510 1052 /5.611313 1047 = 7.806567 104 and

7.806567 104 /6.375398 104 = 1.224483with δe = 6.375398 104 kg/m3.Determine the volume refraction index nref for Av = √1.5 = 1.224744 according to par 5.

nref = (Av + 1)/Av2 = 1.483163

The mean density is:δm = 50.69442 δe = 3.231971 106 kg/m3 .M /δm = 4/3π (Rout

3 – Rin3)

4/3π {(Rout3 – Rin

3) = (Av3 – 1 /Av

6)Rc3} = 6.454175 Rc

3

With M = 5.611314 1047 kg Rc = Rc1 = 4.430043 1015 m

Compare to Lei = 2.663804 1018 m ratio: 2.663804 1018 / 4.430043 1015 = 601.3045Close to the vacuum constant of the power of 3/2 for the reciprocal fine structure.

8 x 601.3045 /3 = 1603.478 (137.036)3/2 =1604.175The pseudo vector vacuum constant with respect to the quark cell of 1728 me in 3D phase space.

The 2nd vacuum to matter inversion.

21

In book 2 chap 4 the derivation of a second inversion shows giving the mean mass of the galaxies M41 = Mgal = 1.736188 1041 kg.

Use the same parameters Av =1.224744 and δm only another M making Rc smaller.M = 1.736188 1041

4/3π (Rout3 – Rin

3) = 6.454175 Rc3

Rc = Rc2 = 2.99630 1013 m Ratio Rc2/Rc1: 4.430043 1015 / 2.99630 1013 = 147.8504 Geometric mean: 3.643314 1014 mNumber of galaxies: Ngal = 4.380510 1052 /1.736188 1041 = 2.523062 1011 .

The ratio Rc2/Rc1 = 147.85 is calculated as the highest state of compression for the pseudo vacuum under the condition Fvac = 1 in book 2 par 4. Considering the two calculations, the same expressions are used explaining the sameness of ratio of 147.85. It confirms that independent of the charged matter the dark matter/ energy evenly spread through empty space. Secondly the average number of galaxies Ngal is per universe and independent of the existence of the ten universes.

Par 6.2 The existence of the 10 universes

Possibly this calculation seems odd but due to the opposing gravities, the momentum fluxes to time nullifying each other, making it common sense. Consider the following reasoning. The anti universes equal in number to the number of matter universes, have the same rest masses for the particles disregarding any charge polarities. So due the absolute symmetries in charge, parity and time only the summed universes contribute which generate the overall momentum flux then expressed in a line density of (c2 /G). It should mean that Hubble’s horizon RH is a limiting parameter for any other existing universe which is apparently a number of ten.However the mass sum of all the galaxies should show up the same number of ten if one can prove that the number of galaxies is independent from the formation of the universes. The constant of the number of galaxies per universe is given the previous par 6.1.

Reiterating the coherent parameters of the universesMtot = 1.813560 1054 kg Lcoh = 1.346685 1027 mMun = 1.745653 1053 kg RH = 1.295873 1026 mMRie = 4.38051 1052 kg Mgal(10) = 1.736188 1041 kg chap 3 par 6.

The overall mass of Mtot and MRie and Mgal(10) are the absolute masses independent of the number of universes. Due to the calculation between MRie and Mgal(10) the masses include the pseudo vacuum energy the vacuum, as dark matter/energy. MRie is the calculated overall mass due to energy gained by G-waves taking Mtot as onset for the overall mass.So the ratio Ngal = MRie /Mgal(10) = 2.523062 1011 the number of galaxies per universe. The result of the following ratio determines the number of universes:

Lcoh /RH = 10.3921 Mtot /Mun = 10.389 √1728 /4 = 10.39230The last the conserved quark cell during evolution and the factor 4 due to the pseudo vacuum, labour and effective velocity of ½ c.

Determine Mgal(1):Mgal(1) = 1.736188 1041 /10.3921 = 1.670810 1040 kgMgal(tot) = Ngal Mgal(1) = 4.215557 1051 kg

Consequently:Mun /Mgal(tot) = 1.745653 1053 /4.215557 1051 = 41.4098Mtot /MRie = 1.813560 1054 /4.38051 1052 = 41.4007

The result determines that per galaxy the maximum mass for a super massive black hole never can exceed the mean value of 1.736 1040 or 2.724 1040 kg showing that no super massive BH could have existed during the early evolution of the universe. The last 2.72 1040 kg is based on a pseudo cell line density derived in chap 4. Note, BH observed 3.4 1040 kg divide by factor 2 due to ½ c effective.

22

Chapter 4

DYNAMIC ALIGNMENT FOR THE PSEUDO VECTOR CELLS OF NORMAL AND CONJUGATED MATTER IN THE INTERIOR OF A BLACK HOLE

Summary and conclusionsIn the previous chapters table 2 shows the pseudo vectors up to a certain magnitude. In par 1 the complete consequences for the self consistency due to power 2nd and 3rd root reduction is shown.The table gives the quark and lepton vector length of the coherent pseudo cells in relation to angular momentum and the labour path of the vectors. The interspacing of the cells by neutral pseudo vacuum cells cannot be neglected.

In par 2 the alignment of cells is discussed to convert the static vector dimensions into the dynamics determined by the two matters, normal and conjugated resulting in the 4 laws of dipole alignment. The inversion of the composed pseudo vector elements gives a perhaps too simplified model showing how the cells could interact in spherical symmetry at the event horizons.

In par 3 the classification is derived distinguishing a class of small black holes and the other one for the super massive black holes. In par 4 the steady state interference between opposing pseudo matters is derived due to the composed cell alignment for the volume refraction index of propagation.

Due to the opposing momentum fluxes maintained by the polarity of the gravitational constants the small alternating energy of 5 watts/ kg for the composed coherent pseudo matter is completely understood especially since the correlation between the equivalence between general relativity theory and the theory of coherent pseudo matter has been proven. It also shows that the decay of the neutron due to the alternation of the very weak 4D gravitational waves is a consequence of the statistic mean for the class of the super massive black holes. The mean is about 2 1038 kg or 108 solar corresponding to a decay time of 11.3 minutes derived in par 5.

Par1.0 The power reduced cell dimensions for pseudo vector matter.

Now either one can construct cubic volume exchange between vector components or one can use the single vector components for interaction of the coherent dipoles of either labour or angular momentum. In more complex interactions the composed dipole for the alternating process, all due to the interaction of quark and lepton cells imbedded in the neutral pseudo neutrino cells valid for the two matters.

In the chap 2 table 2 the first row of parameters was analysed in detail and not discussed further. Here the 2nd and 3rd row are the important ones. The dipole values derived in the rows can be either labour or dipoles of angular momentum determined by 2nd root scaling giving lepton parameters while the 3rd root represents the quark cells just as per definition according to the table.

Table 2 End result of table in chap2 par 2.3

Converted in m/kg as dynamic dimensions

1.346685 1027 2.663804 1018 5.055493 108

2nd row of the above three fundamental constants division3rd rt. 1.104304 109 sq.rt. 1.632116 109 5.055493 108

spin spin spin3rd rt. 1033.624 3/2c2 1177.381 3/2c2 796.626 3/2c2

4th rt. 182.2939 1/2c2 200.9961 1/2c2 149.9480 1/2c2

23

The characteristic properties of the pseudo vectors are derived in the previous paragraph. Horizontal rows are the vector length. So the 3rd row is for quark cells following the absolute spin of the pseudo neutrino cells. The 4th row is for the lepton cells conform the half spins of the neutrino cells, not yet Fermi spins, see chapter 1.

The 3rd and 4th row also represent the conjugated condition for the electric charge of the cells. Since the table makes no distinction between conjugated and normal matter, it is stated that the electric charge has always 180o phase difference between cells of matter and conjugated matter and secondly the charge is formed at phase velocities of √2 c conform the requirement that the maximum speed for acceleration in the pseudo vector cells of the neutrinos is ½ √2 c.

The three columns in the table change the character of each vector cell apparently in a pseudo vector space. Either the universal vertical cells in the 1st column or the 2nd one of cross vector spins or the 3rd column as a reaction opposing the actions of the two other columns. A dipole length is the modulus for matter and conjugated pseudo cells .

The lepton cell and one quark cell can be decomposed in pseudo neutrino coherent vectors close to the integer values which determine the dynamic electromagnetic process between the boundary of the pseudo cell as the conjugated mirror for electric charge.

182.2939 = 6 x 30.38231 (m/kg or in metres)200.9961 = 4 x 50.24902149.9480 = 3 x 49.98268 = 5 x 29.98961796.626 = 4 x 199.1565 (quark)

Already the importance due to the power reduction for the different columns in the table is clear. In a resonance process every term can be reduced to its basic cell dimensions of around 50 and 30 m. In a cancellation process between two opposing momentum determined by the two end conditions of the event horizons only the displacements of the order of 50 or 30 m for the entire external event radius can be expected. The factor of 10 to show the statement of 5 watt/kg pseudo matter in the alternating black hole is derived in par 5 and based on the above dynamic dimensions.

Par 1.1 Self consistency derivation for the 2nd row in table 2

The constants in the 2nd row of table 2 should be considered as dimensionless constant for the self consistency derivation. To show that the three parameters 1.632116 109, 1.104304 109 and 5.055493 108 are conserved or self consistent, take the two options open to evaluation.

Take (16.32116 – 5.055493)108 = 1.126566 109

Subtract (1.126566 – 1.104304)109 = 2.22620 107. Take the mean: 1.115359 109

And divide by 1.115359 109 /2.22620 107 = 50.010147It is close to the coherence parameter of 50 m, because inversion determines that 2.2262 107 times unit 50.01 m equals the mean of 1.115359 109. Seen as one of the smallest coherence vectors.

Take (16.32116 + 5.055493)108 = 2.137665 109. Compare with 2 x 1.104304 109 = 2.208608 109

Subtract (2.208608 – 2.137665)109 = 7.094270 107. Take the mean: 2.172844 109

The ratio 2.172844 109 /7.092470 107 = 30.628Close to the other coherence parameter of 30 m.

Par 1.2 The purpose of table 2

With the above explanation of the pseudo vector parameters in table 2 one can use these numeric parameters for different purposes.

24

1. The alignment of the pseudo vector components. Due to coherence is possible to sum the components into larger length of labour dipoles, where the term dipole points to a process of induction for the electric charge due to acceleration and deceleration for one kind of pseudo matter. Having two kinds of matter normal and conjugated determines the interference between cells of the pseudo matter of the alternating black hole. This is discussed in the next paragraph.

2. Classification of black holes. The parameters in the table can be used for cubic energy of the pseudo matter giving a direct relation between the two event horizons and the mass of the black hole. This is discussed in par 3.

3. From the alternation of the pseudo cells in normal and conjugated matter the alignment of a composed labour dipoles maintaining the lepton and quark properties of the cell due to constructive charge violation between cells, can be derived. It is the most important derivation in this note because the composed alignment of cells shows the exact result for the volume velocity of refraction as is given already in the previous derivation of chapter 3. Discussed and derived in par 4.

4. Miscellaneous. A derivation for the decay of the neutron due to the small 4D gravity waves of the super massive black holes. Also the assessment of the 5 watt/ kg displacement energy for these black holes. See par 5.

Par2 The classification between small and super massive alternating black holes.

For a event horizon of λ = 1.104304 109 m and of equal density of 1.104304 109 kg /m3 the mass is M = λ (c2/G) = 1.487149 1036 kg or 7.436 105 solar determining the minimum super massive black hole where c2 /G is 1.346685 1027kg/m according to table 2. One solar is 2 1030 kg, the mass of our Sun. The event radius, horizon, of 5.055493 108 m is the inner radius. The assumption is that an effective density higher than 1.104304 109 kg/m3 is not possible, although the radial density according to rel 2 chap 3 par 1 can be higher than the effective one. This is further worked out in par 4.1 and 4.2.

Following the 3rd power rule for the vector volume then a step down of 1.104304 109 is a pseudo cell with event horizon of 1033.624 m at this density of 1.104304 109 kg/m3 results in a mass of M = 1.391966 1030 kg and by applying (2) δ = 1.26049 1021 kg/m3 which cannot be valid. So to maintain the initial density of 1.104304 109, one has to expand the radius, a second event radius of 1033.624 m.The calculation already derived in chap3 par 5.

Par 3.1 The instability parameter for coherent pseudo vector matter in black holes.Now introduce the 3rd parameter for the conserved momentum fluxes of 1.346685 1027 and of 2.663804 1018 kg/m. {Momentum flux due to multiplication by (± c) of c2 /G}. It is Planck’s representation as a ratio to me of p = (λe /λpl)1/4 = 286.2874 x 1728 = 4.967094 105. It is the parameter for the absolute break down of all particles, which is about twice the value of Higgs of 142.6940 x 1728 with 1728 the conserved quark cell in expanded 3D-space.

The 4th power of p gives 5.989407 1022 can be an energy density of the black hole cell. Apply chap 2 par 1 rel 2:

λ2 δ = 1.346685 1027 giving: λ2 = 2.248444 104 and λ = 149.9480 m. Consequently this corresponds to a minimum dipole length or event horizon which can be combined to 796.626 m giving the density of 5.055493 108 kg/ m3 and it has to be related to effective density of 1.1043 04 109 kg/m3, the last is the mid parameter for the conserved parameters between 1.632116 109

and 5.055493 108 according to the table 2.

To confirm the choice of Planck’s representation, take the square root of (λe /λpl) and compare to 1.632116 109 giving the ratio: 2.447326 1011 / 1.632116 109 = 149.9480.Consequently the cubic density of (149.94803 = 3.371495 106) could be the minimum volume for the maximum of a small black hole with event of 3.371495 106 m. Just because 149.9480 always is able to decompose in either 29.99 or 49.983 neutral pseudo cells. The mass of this black hole is

25

M = 4.540342 1033 kg or 2270 solar. Just above the observation of 2000 solar. Any dipole length as event horizon longer than 3.372 106 m cannot pass this limit.

An instability criterion for a black hole can be either a square power or a square root for the vector or dipole alignment. So the square power of 1.104304 109 m event horizon is equal to the square root of M = (1.104304 109)4 kg. It determines a minimum for the super massive black holes.The minimum for black holes is clear and 1033.624 x 1.346685 1027 = 1.391965 1030 kg (table 2 par 2)In conclusion the range for the small black holes has to be between 1.392 1030 and 4.540 1033 kg.

Note: The spontaneous formation of super massive BH seems to be limited by the minimum condition for super massive holes. This suggests that during the evolution of our cosmos the limited condition was active in the epoch of quasar formation, matter to conjugated matter suggesting the formation of super massive holes. Beyond the threshold of the maximum of 2270 solar the super massive black holes could exist according to the expression:

M /δ = 4/3π (Rout3 – Rin

3) = 3.132 Rc3

Par 3.2 The range of super massive Black holes.The range for the super massive black holes begins with the minimum event horizon of 1.104304 109 m and M of 1.487149 1036 kg but the maximum comes from another consideration for the same density of 1.104304 109 kg/m3.

The average mass of all the galaxies overall is:1.346685 1027 x 2.03037 1014 = 2.724392 1041 kg.

The line density of 2.032037 1014 (kg/m) comes from the initial condition for the expansion of pseudo matter in our cosmos which is not calculated here, see ref 2 . The maximum mass of the black hole is about 2.72 1040kg or 13.6 109 solar. Namely 2.72 1041 has to be divided by the same factor of approximate ten as already mentioned and to be discussed in par 5.The horizon of this black hole is 2.02 1013 m and the density about 3.3 kg/m3 about 3 times 1 bar, the density of air.Note a black hole of 12.8 109 solar has been observed. In chap 3 par 6 the maximum mass for a galaxy is calculated to be Mgal(10) = 1.736 1041 kg a slight difference.

In conclusion: Two categories of black holes can be distinguished. For all pseudo matter holes the c-boundaries as opposing event horizons are derived in par 4.3. Only due to the interference symmetry between the opposing directions of the propagation of composed pseudo cells, the two horizons in the alternating black hole can be understood the c-boundaries were calculated in chap 3 par 5.

Par 4 Dipole alignment for coherent pseudo matter and the spherical symmetric model of surface valves at the surface of an alternating black hole.

The arrangement of pseudo vector cells can be for alignment in coherence of dipole displacements giving the coherence length of alignment. As well quark as lepton cells have labour displacements as coherence lengths. In the compressed state of matter these can be synchronized into the overall composed length of a coherence vector.

The definition for the pseudo vector neutrinos refers to three equal perpendicular components of each a different character. Therefore one can imagine a cube of coherent matter, firstly separate between normal and conjugate matter and then sorted out by the vector components in the three dimensions of a coordinate system which results in the four laws of dipole alignment especially assigned for the interference interaction between alternating cells.

Definitions of dipole alignmentThe term dipole alignment compromises two different processes one for Newtonian space and the other in the virtual phase space of time for coherence dipoles. Both work together in the alternating oscillation process.

26

1. Dipole alignment in time means that the synchronized internal acceleration generates virtual coherence time vectors or dipoles. Dipoles as displacements in virtual time due to simultaneous opposing internal accelerations as discussed in previous chapters and related to the conjugated condition for photons. The time dipole alignment suggests a process between virtual time and spatial space. In other words the process of the generation of gravitational waves. For dipole interferences of coherent time see chap 6 par 3.1

2. The spatial dipole alignment is the alignment of the pseudo vector cells consisting of normal and conjugated pseudo matter. The electromagnetic waves as forward √2c electric charge induction generate local activation areas within the spherical symmetry.

The four laws of spatial dipole alignment

Law 1 The static coordinates.Is pseudo matter within a horizon of a black hole stacked in pseudo vector cells of cubic symmetry then a 3D-sphere of this arrangement can be decomposed in three Cartesian coordinates each of equal length of the same number of cells but each coordinate represents either a rotation, a fixed rotation axis of spin or a momentum dipole alignment or the cross vector for precession of the other two static coordinates.

Law 2 The dynamic cubic symmetry For a sphere two momentum dipoles are needed which can be transformed in one dipole of a double rotation around a fixed axis. The spin rotation is fixed spatially but one could decompose the alignment of the cells into an alignment of labour and the one for the conjugated electric charge or charge induction. The supposition is that the precession dynamics is responsible for the double rotation of the decomposition between charge and labour which still can be spatially aligned. The time phase angle is 90o between charged and labour in the cells giving the 180o conjugated charge action of the electromagnetic mirrors mentioned in par 1.

Law 3 The frequency ratios.The dynamics of double rotation of one dipole does not need to be a double rotation for a frequencies of one to one. Here due to the quark cell spin ratio the choice for the ratio is 2 to 3 or vice versa. In case of conjugated matter and matter cells, each cell is separated by a neutral neutrino cell. Interference summation for two sets of double rotation emerge as sum and difference frequency ratios. By the nature of the two matters the onset of the initial phases is such that the overall alignment is spatially fixed and can be calculated in the scaling from the original coherence lengths. It is an extraordinary property that the kinematic double rotations in interference result in a spatial fixed alignment.

Law 4 One coherence radius is not enough.The two matters for the ensemble of double rotations cannot exist in our reality if both sets of double rotation have the same coherence length. Only the distinction in lepton and quark pseudo cells determines a steady state between two different c-length of coherence as a boundary condition for alternation.

Par 4.1 The electromagnetic induction for the alternating steady state of the pseudo vector matter.

In summary of the previous paragraph only one common density of 1.104304 109 kg/m3 was sufficient to cover the whole range of the internal mean densities of the black holes. Between these boundaries the electromagnetic conjugated charge induction has to happen which can only be a lossless process because the c-state of the boundaries. To remind the induction is180o out of phase with respect to one pseudo matter, vice versa for the other pseudo matter. Further par 4.1 is the preliminary for par 4.2 because at first the formation of alternating pseudo cells has to be understood. Although obvious in hindsight, the effective horizon has to maintain the steady state of interference between the inner and outer horizon, which has to keep the radial progress in time from either side of the effective radius in balance. This is derived in par 4.2 and therefore the most important paragraph.

27

Secondly the slowly moving pseudo matter has to be in perfect equilibrium with the electromagnetic radiation in between the two boundaries. The two matters balance each other because of the polarity of c2/G. These polarities work just the other way around than the induced charge. Determined by phase forward velocity of √2 c .

For matter M1 and matter M2 the choice of cell alignment is as follows where one kind of cell has the quark spin and the other the lepton spin. Take the coherence length for a cell:

Charge M1(m) Charge M2(m)Neg. 200.9961 Pos. 149.9480 leptonPos. 1177.381 Neg. 796.626 quark

Note that it is also possible to swap the coherence length for one matter with the other. It means that the black hole in steady state of alternation has either a normal matter or a conjugated adaption to our 3D-reality. Any black hole can have a preferential state to the outside world.

The charge induction per cell aligns in two rows. One is for the quarks having different spin with respect to the lepton cells. In the cell lines the M1 alternates with M2 between the c-boundaries. Every cell has c-forward induction resulting in sum and difference nodes along the alignments.

In steady state the sum and difference are for M1 and M2. Numbers are in metres and associated to e. m. waves:

Quark line 1177.381 + 796.626 = 1974.007Lepton 200.6691 + 149.9480 = 350.9941

The differences are:Quark 1177.626 – 796.626 = 380.755Lepton line 200.9961 – 149.9480 = 51.04803 gap node

Quark lepton diff. 380.755 – 350.9941 = 29.81083 gap node

Consider the middle horizon of the minimum super massive black hole of 1.104304 109 m.The alternation is between 1.632116 109 and 5.055493 108 m giving an overall difference to fit the cell nodes of 1.126566 109 m. To determine the neutral gaps between cell complexes, one is given by the quark lepton difference, for the other one take the sum:

1974.007 + 380.755 = 2354.762 and divide :Na = 1.632116 109/ 2354.762 = 6.931129 105. Nb = 1.126562 109/ (2354.762 – 51.04803) = 4.890199 105.

The ratio between the node quanta is Na/Nb = 1.417351. Close to the forward phase velocity of √2.The alternating gap nodes of 51.04803 and 29.81083 have to be charge neutral. Without the length of 51.04903 then Na/Nb = 1.448758.

For a match to the faraway compressed pseudo vacuum determined by pseudo neutrinos using the reciprocal fine structure constant of 137.036/ 4 = 34.259 me giving (3/2 x 34.259 = 51.3885. To be compared with 51.04803 with ratio 1.006669 or (1.002218)3 while 1.417351/ √2 = 1.002218. A reasonable match.

Just because 380.755 – (29.81083 + 51. 4803) = 299.8961 giving a exact factor of 10 for 29.98961 as the bounded energy for 149.9480/ 5= 29.98961. In the dynamics of charge destruction the sum parameter of 1974.007 is conserved and surrounded by ten neutrino vector cells of 29.98961 m. For the re-composition of the lepton cells a length of 350.9941 is needed. Subtracted from 299.8961 results in 51.09800 m. which compromises also 4 x 50.24902 + 6 x 29.98961 = 299.8961 m. Apparently a displacement of about 51.0 m happened. It should also be an overall movement of the outer c-boundary. See for the calibration between c2/G and the coherence length par 5.

28

The interplay to the quark cells of the two matters M1 and M2 delays the process and repeat itself continuously. So apparently a power impulse of 51.04804 divided by10 (par 5) is needed which repeats every cycle of 2354.762 m wavelength.

Par 4.2 The model for the external pseudo vacuum on either side of the inner and outer c-boundaries.

Probably a more common situation for super massive black holes is if the c-boundaries on either side have an external dense pseudo vacuum. In between these spherical surfaces exist the pseudo matter. In that case a static boundary or middle event length has to be introduced. From there onwards to either side of this radius the displacement dynamics is generated in opposite directions assuming two different refraction velocities in the pseudo matter. Just as in the simple case in the previous paragraph the total length of cell is 2354.762 m and the displacement of 51.04803 m is shared on either side of the static boundary which has to allow passage of energy as shown in table 3.

Table 3metres

outer c-radius effective radius inner c-radius1.632116 109 1.104304 109 5.055493 108

5.278120 108 difference 5.987547 108

cells....| M1 | M2 | M1 || M2 | M1 | M2 |....

quark| 1177.... | 1177.381 || 796.626 | 796.... |

lepton| 201... | 200.9961 || 149.9480 | 149..... |

neutral | 20.66752 left | 51.04803 | right 30.38231 (p 7) |

sum: 1177.381 + 796.626 = 1974.007difference: 380.755

overall cell node380.755 + 1974.007 = 2354.762

left: 166.528 380.755 right: 214.227 8 x 20.6675 = 165.340 || 7 x 30.38231 = 212.676

166.528 + 1177.381 =1344.909||214.227 + 796.626 = 1010.853overall separation

| ..... | 1344... |1344.909||1010.853| 1010.. | ..... |

5.27812 108/ 166.528 = 3.169509 106 5.987547 108/ 214.227 = 2.794954 106

5.987547 / 5.27812 = 1.134409 ratios 3.169509 / 2.794954 = 1.134011

Between left and right exist a difference in the phase velocity of refraction for the neutral cells. It has to be a consequence of the quark / lepton delays. Note: (2√2)1/8 = 1.138788.The differences between 214.2 and 212.6 as well as 165.3 and 166.5 suggest induction charge gaps or e.m. energies. For the displacement of 51.04803 m and the return to zero, the integer scheme is:

8 x 20 = 160 |380| 7 x 30 = 210 overall 506 x 20 = 120 |300| 6 x 30 = 180 0

difference: 40 || 30Two units of 20 to regenerate 30 into the quark cells. A ratio of 4/3 as already is known:4/3 x 149.9480 = 199. 9307 to the right and to be compared to 200.9961to the left.

29

The inner c-cell boundaryFor the inner c-radius of R = 5.055493 108 m the condition at a end of the cell of 149.9480 m (lepton) because all neutral resonances can be converted into either 5 x 29.98961 or 3 x 49.98268 = 149.9480. The c-gap of the cells seems to be: 4/3 x 149.9480 = 199.9307 for leptons and 796.626 /4 = 199.1565 for quark cells.

Par 5 Miscellaneous.

The calibration of the coherence length.A long outstanding question was the approximate factor 10.39129 between c2/G and Hubble’s horizon RH of 13.7 109 lyrs or 1.295973 1026 m. Namely c2/G seen as coherence length:

1.346685 1027 / 1.295873 1026 = 10.39129 For the conserved quark cell of 1728 me take the square root giving the ratio 41.56921/4 = 10.39230. As mentioned in the ref 2 this quark cell is conserved during the expansion of Lorentz space of our cosmos. With the reciprocal fine structure constant (137.036)3/2 = 1604.175. and square root divided by 4 gives a constant of 10.01303 giving the steady state of the universe about 2% greater than RH related to overall Mtot = (c4/G2) / √1604.175 of the universe although dimensionally not correct, see chap 1 and 2 for derivation. The factor 4 is due to effective velocity of ½ c and the labour path. To show the approximate factor ten is valid. Take the coherence length of 1kg electron stretched due to acceleration. Similarly for the stretched length of λpl and compare this with Hubble horizon seen as a coherence length:

1.346685 1027 = ½ apl c2

2.663804 1018 = ½ aei c2 apl /aei = 5.055493 108

1.265873 1026 = ½ ao c2 apl /ao = 10 (about) ao /aei = 5.055493 107.. Externally ao determines the length of coherence around the alternation of the black holes reducing the labour length to established value of 5watt/ kg, the 50 m alternation displacement. The line density c2 /G with dimension (kg/m) is a potential energy gravity flux. So a labour displacement of 1 metre is valid for 1kg mass accelerated at 1m/sec2 which is a joule /sec.

For the Sun of 2 1030 kg and a radius of Rc = 5.168 106 m the alternating energy for a radial time cycle is: (50 /5.168 106) x 2 1030 /9 1016 = 2.15 108 kg/sec. Present-day dissipation is about 4 109 kg/sec. The effective density is 1.104304 109 kg/m3.The calculated value is about a factor of 2.2 higher if ½ c the effective radial velocity, n lin and the difference between the c-horizons are used.

So the factor ten is the consequence of the ratio between the coherence length of the universe RH in equilibrium and in steady state to the super massive black holes surrounded by charged matter and the pseudo vector vacuum within the galaxies. So the overall modulus of c2/G, the momentum flux to time. The factor 10.01303 seems to be the most correct because it represents the pseudo vector vacuum of the e-neutrinos. Only externally, the empty space outside the black holes, the coherence length of a vector or as labour has to be divided by the factor ten.

The neutron decay time.Since it is known that the alternating super black holes defined by general relativity theory are equivalent to the alternating black holes consisting of coherent pseudo vector matter, the alternation of the exterior event horizon transforms empty space in extremely low 4D-gravity waves. This has apparently repercussions for the neutron which is marginal stable in the surrounding e-neutrino pseudo vacuum. The neutron decay time is a special case because the neutron is the only particle which has to be marginal stable in a pseudo vector vacuum. Any gravity field impulses should influence its decay time. An old question finally to be resolved. The neutron decay time is around 11.3 minutes. So calculate the black hole mass giving this instability. Start with a cubic symmetry.

(A13 –A2

3) 1.104304 109 = M One is the density and Δ = (A1 – A2) = 11.3 x 60 x c3A1 A2 Δ – M/ 1.104304 109 = 0 A1A2 = A2

30

M = 8.2175 1038 kg or 4.1 108 solar. A = 1.104304 109

As mentioned the maximum super massive black hole is 2.724392 1040 kg. The super massive of minimum mass of the black hole (1.104304 109 x 1.346685 1027 = 1.4187149 1036 kg. Giving a geometric mean for mass of 1.966 1038 multiplied by (4/3π) = 4.18877 giving 8.235 1038 kg. So accurate to less than 1%. The decay time of the neutron is around the mean for the super massive black holes as a consequence of the 4D-gravitational waves passing through the pseudo vector vacuum.

In other words the statistic distribution of all super massive black holes determines a deviation in the decay time of the neutron. So it is not really a half value problem of radioactive decay. The static deviation has to be reflected in the observation for the deviation of the neutron. The statistic deviation is √135.6 = 11.6, neglecting dimensions, for the population of super massive black holes. Note, the proof of the factor about 10 in the maximum of the super massive BH is more complicated than first thought and therefore carried over to reference 2.

The conversion from the coherence length into particle rest mass with respect to me.According to the table 2 in par 2 a density of 1.104304 109 kg/m3 has a cell length of 1033.624 m while the alignment for the super massive black hole is 1.104304 109 m. The reduction scaling also leads to 182.2939 m for the lepton alignment with 6 x 30.38231= 182.2939 which suggests a τ - neutrino.

If the reciprocal of Compton’s length λe is 4.121021 1011 it means in terms of dipoles length that 4.121021 1011 electrons are aligned in 1 metre. This ratio is the conversion factor to a particle mass. So 30.38231 m is 30.38231 x 4.121021011 particles giving 30.38231 me the particle mass of a bound τ-neutrino while the free c- neutrino has 30.33me in spin and anti spin.

The dipole nullification between 1.104304 109 m and the cell length of 1033.624 and 182.2939 is as follows:

1033.624/ 30.38231 = 34.02058 times and close to the integer 34with 1033.624/ 34 = 30.40070 making the difference 0.01840.

Considering the cube power between 1.1043 109 and 1033.624 then 343 x 0.01840 = 723.032 divide by 34 gives 21.26563 times. Closest integer 21. So 723.032 – 714 = 9.0312 m, the rest term on a length of 1.104304 109 m. Execute the calibration factor (4.121021 1011/ 1.104304 109) = 373.1781. With 9.0312 x 373.1781 = 3370.4 me , the formation of a particle in case the equilibrium is not absolutely balanced. However considering the accuracy of the calculation to expel a τ-lepton plus neutrino one needs 3477.189 +30.33 = 3507.519 me. Giving a coherence length of 9.39992 m to the vector length of 1.104304 109 m.

Another example which is speculative.The vector length for the cells of 1177.381 and 796.626 m represent as coherence length a particle mass of the same ratios to me. What is the relation to conserved particle cells? Obviously not to 1728 me the conserved quark cell but the vacuum parameter of the reciprocal fine structure 137.036 has a quark cell option of (137.036)3/2 = 1604.175 me. The ratio of the two are expressed in vector as the square root of both giving an angle to their intrinsic spin axis of respectively of

cos 31o.05 = 0.85671 and cos 45o.19 = 0.704695. So around the 30o and 45o. Note 1604.175/8 = 200.5219 m and 796.626/4 = 199.1565 m. Probably important as

electromagnetic wave interference due to the integers.

31

COMPARISON BETWEEN STANDARD AND ALTERNATIVE COSMOLOGY

The other standard theory is the alternative cosmology using the same comprehensive observations and fundamental principles. The alternative cosmology differs by introducing a mediating medium in empty space as an alternative for the weak vacuum interacting force in matter and consisting of pseudo vectors for the neutrinos in coherence then one comes to an understanding how Newton’s law of gravity interacts to the 3D-phase space of time existing beyond the envelope of our Lorentz space reality having two opposing polarities of the universal constants of gravity. The last is treated in the note ref1 of ‘Alternating spinning black holes’ consisting of coherent vector matter as degenerated matter.

STANDARD ALTERNATIVE

Symmetry breaking on No symmetry breaking, absolute symmetry.Time-reversal, parity and charge conjugation. Opposing time directions for matter

and anti-matter universe, Big Bang.

Matter and anti- matter generated in one event Generation of matter and conjugatedof 4D-space time, Big Bang. matter in 3D-envelopes of pseudo

neutrino vacuum.

Inflationary expansion extreme short time scales. Weak vacuum of τ-neutrinos for two kinds Cosmic background radiation (CBR) due to of matter & conjugated matter.gravitational instabilities. Gravitational wave CBR due to high density variation inpolarization interaction to matter, overall pockets of both charged matters.resulting in expansion of empty space. Expansion driven by conjugated energy

of momentum flux in phase space. Def.of gravity.

Direct research for existence of gravitational Formation of gravitational waves only byWaves in progress e.g. LIGO results. alternating spinning BH.

Helium redundancy due to disappearance of He-production due to disappearance ofanti-matter. charged conjugated matter. Quasar

formation.

Local global gravity explained as geometric Gravity as microscopic local coherent curvature. cells of pseudo neutrinos as a consequence

of gravitational induction. Dark matter and dark energy. No real explanation. Many theories of dark matter and energy

proposed .

No proposals as consequence of gravity Pseudo vector theory of neutrinos for for decisive experiment. weak vacuum of dark matter & energy.

No explanation for too high interplanetary Due to hypothesis of pseudo neutrinosmagnetic fields. for intermediate medium, the weak vacuum is

well understood. So experimental proposals as gravitational levitation.

Comment, in general it can be stated that collapsing neutron stars behave differently from alternating black holes subjected to the two polarities of gravity due to internal balance of force for the two states of coherent vector matter. Therefore one expects different spectrum of gravity waves accompanied by the release of c-neutrino bursts.

32

CHAPTER 5

STATIC BLACK HOLE CONDITIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE GRAVITATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM OF OUR COSMOS

Par 1 Introduction

During the evolution of our cosmos the different epochs of expansion reached in terms of 4D-space time intervals some equilibrium states which can be represented by the condition of the static black hole in general relativity theory. The formula of the event horizon of λ for a static black hole of mass M is:

λ c2 = G M (3.1)With M the mass, λ the event horizon radius and G and c the universal constant of gravity and the light speed respectively. These black holes have no intrinsic spin or angular momentum. By introducing a coherence length which is equal to the event radius in rel 2.1, it is possible to evaluate the state of pseudo vector vacuum belonging to an equilibrium at a moment in time of the evolution. The state of equilibrium is determined by two opposing gravities and assigned by a polarity sign to G.

A 2nd relation 2.2 is given by eliminating M gives the interior conditions of the coherent pseudo vector matter in the black hole:

λ2 δ = c2/G with δ the pseudo vector density (3.2)It is assumed that the one kind of matter resides in the interior. So only one state of neutral matter per BH condition. The importance of (3.2) is that λ2 represents the cross vector product or the conserved angular momentum of the BH while in fact it is a static black hole but since the internal effective velocity is only ½c the coherent pseudo matter behaves under strict Newtonian laws.

During this epoch of expansion of the universe after the formation of the internal parameters in the particles shown in chap 1 and for some time not understood as the epoch of the pre Higgs’ conundrum, it assumed that matter and anti matter are separated and follow opposing virtual time directions. So in fact the opposing event cones in Lorentz space are the onset for the Big Bang at a time T big defined below.

Actually it seems that the event horizon for the black hole is a measure for a pseudo matter cluster of 96% dark and 4% baryonic matter, a coherence parameter for the phase space of time representing the internal to external exchange around this event parameter specific for that era of evolution of the universes.

In par 5, the appendix the equivalence between static black hole and the coherent vector pseudo matter is reviewed.

Par2.1The primary and secondary parameters of the static BH for the evolution of the universes.

From the definition of the pseudo matter BH two parameters to separate the universes emerge which are the vector of labour, event and the dynamics of the pressure membrane. Returning to the end of par 1.2 two parameters have to be considered L1 and (mpl /L2

2). The coherence length L1 and the L22 = L2s

of equal value but different dimension, are the primary separation parameters each as a static BH. The length L2s is converted into an event of the static BH and defined as the Tbig the onset of the expansion for the universes. The number of these small BH is Lcoh /L2s giving interference exchange with the pseudo vacuum of mainly τ-pseudo neutrinos. Then driving BH condition from small as L2s to L5 in which the number of static BH is inverse proportional to the increase of the Lx parameters of the event radii..

33

As is shown in chap 2 par 1.2 (mpl /L22) as secondary parameters for the event lengths can are

conserved because the reciprocal of (me /λe2) follows the coherence definition namely the reciprocal

value consist of a number of electrons according (mpl /L22) allowing also the square root and square

power as conserved parameters. These are in metres:L2s = 0.3526809 m Secondary: L3 = √(L2

2 /mpl) = 2542.428 m L4 = L2

2 /mpl = 6.463943 106 m L5 = (L22 /mpl)2 = 4.178255 1013 m

The primary separation length L2s = L22 = 1 /(2√2 x 1.002490) as metres. Considered by itself L2s

generates a number of Ns = Lcoh /L2s = 4.76 1026 of initial BH’s in both opposing symmetry directions of time. These numbers expressed in static BH parameters reduce during the expansion of the opposing universes respectively to N3, N4 and N5 all defined with respect to Lcoh.

It is possible to understand M61 as a precursor during the formation of energy generating the internal baryonic parameters derived in chap1. The overall mass M61 contains a part of the separation energy to maintain the relation (M54 /Lcoh = c2 /G). The event radius of L5 suggests the separation energy per universe as an envelope in flat 4D time space. The number N5 is the number of coherent spaces in a static universe giving the mean of M41 per static spherical space. It makes the process of relaxation expansion complex because Mx and Nx point to different relaxation transitions. See for the Mx numbers Table 3.3 and for the definition of stochastic alignment par 2.4 and 2.5.

What is so special about all these Ln parameters? These represent the mean state of the coherent pseudo matter in the interior of the BH. Naturally it is the density and because the density ( δx = mx(e) /λx

3 = mx4 δe) one is able the compare the particle parameters and Higgs’ limit. Although

the analysis of L2s is slightly different. Why the event interferences between static BH? Since all event lengths are with respect to c velocity and these also represent the equilibrium for internal and external acceleration all time intervals, event lengths where the previous event of the interior exchanges to exterior because of the existing mediating ‘vacuum’.

Considering the reasoning in par 9 of chap 1 of the macroscopic pairing of masses in a Lorentz space for black holes, it means that around Tbig matter and anti matter clusters of mainly L2s event underwent fringe interferences. Namely conjugated and normal pseudo matter generated gravitational free 3D- spatial envelopes while matter and anti matter clusters had some fringe exchange. It could explain the formation process of Helium redundancy in our cosmos. What is different to the standard explanation in cosmology is that the redundancy effect is symmetric equal for the envelopes of the anti universes. Of course above reasoning is not the proof of the separation between matter and anti matter universes but due to the absolute symmetry, clock wise and anti clock wise, it points to the fact that anti matter in all its qualities was separated from the matter universe at the onset of the Big Bang also resulting in the discussion of par 2.4 of the pre Higgs’ conundrum, the era before Tbig which is around a tenth of a nano second, L2s /c.

The asymmetries and possible combinationsThese are interference exchanges between the parameters acting in pairs, possible combinations:Ls2 as primary is the onset and symmetric to itself and followed by interaction to L3. Ls2 and L3 stand for the generation of quark lepton/pseudo vacuum cells between both universes in the enclosed coherent spaces given by these parameters. L3 and L4 stands for the mixing interference of pseudo vacuum for the initial τ-conditions. The separation in matter and conjugated matter is initiated from M54 onwards by interference of L3 and L4 again expansions from τ-, µ- to e- pseudo vacuum cells. The scaling calculation between L5 and L1 confirm this assumption and some more details are in par 4.

Par 2.3The interior density calculations.

The self consistency of L1 as the 2nd primary event horizon parameterIntroduce Lx for L1 . Use the density expression of δ in the BH:

δe = me /λe3 = M /Lx

3 followed by the event expression M /Lx = mpl /λpl

Resolve M: (Lx3 /Lx)(me /λe

3) = mpl /λpl with mpl /me = L1 /λe

34

Lx2 = (L1 /λe)(λ2

3 /λpl) Lx2 = L1(λe

2 /λpl) with Heisenberg mpl /me = λe /λpl

Some repeated substitution: Lx2 = L1

2 The self consistency follows from mpl /me = L1 /λe = L2

2 /λe2 L1 λe = L2

2 (3.3)

So L1 and L2s are primary event parameters and therefore indestructible. L2s defined in par 2.2.The assumption L2s = L2

2 represents the cross vector product expressed in a vector length as for L3 to L5.The importance of the result in rel 3.2 is the feedback between L2s and L1 due to the ratio (mpl /me) which is allowed to be inverted due to effective velocity of ½ c of the intermediating pseudo vacuum. For each respectively the begin and end condition for the interference exchange between static BH from high density to the low electron density of δe = 6.375398 104 kg /m3.It seems that if the electron density is reached between interferences of the BH conditions of L2s , L3 and L4 , any exchange is finalized. The L5 event is not included but explained below.

The density for event L2s.Define the particle density: δx = mx(e) /λx

3 and BH density: δx = M /L2s3

L2s = 0.3526752 m giving M2s = 4.749424 1026 kgMaking δx = 1.082719 1028 kg /m3

According to the definition: δx = mx4δe with δe = 6.375398 104 giving the ratio:

mx4 = 1.698278 1023 = (6.419514 105)4 = (371.4996 x 1728)4 .

Redo the calculation for the reciprocal of L2s of L2r = 2.835469 m M2r = 3.818484 1027 kgδx = 1.675004 1026 kg /m3 mx

4 = 2.627293 1021 =(2.264003 105)4 = (131.0187 x 1728)4

So the 2nd one is below mHi the maximum contraction in particle collisions, (142.6940 x 1728) me . With 1728 me the conserved quark cell.The ratio of 371.4996 /131.0187 = 2.835469 is as expected but to be compared to the ratio of

(mpl /me)1/4 = 286.2874 x 1728 Planck’s representation. Giving:371.4996 / 286.2874 = 1.297645 and 286.2874 /131.0187 = 2.185088

With (1.297646)3 = 2.185088 and (1.297645)4 = (2.835469)4

There should no deviation because Planck’s representation is related to (2√2 x 1.002490) discussed in reference two of this note mentioning the four constants of C of the equality for the reciprocal fine structure constant. Further in chap 1 par 8 the derived ratio of mx

3 = (6.59992)3 = 287.4854 again confirms the chosen parameter L2s .

Secondly the question is resolved in stars of normal matter. See par 4.3 for evaluation of the maximum density normal matter stars having masses above event L2s because a correction for the line density seems to be needed.

However in the situation of the one off for the generation of matter and anti matter, four kinds, during the short periods of the Big Bang, TBig = ½√2 /c, other options might be available. TBig for ½ √2 metres. See the par 2.3 below devoted to the Higgs’ conundrum, the non coherent period between universes.

Remark The big bang time is easily understood. In phase space of time for 2c the forward phase velocities are (√2 c). So there are only three principal velocity directions for the generation of momentum to the phase space of time all according to the definition of the three pseudo vectors naturally generated simultaneously. The other time given by the reciprocal of L2s: T2s = (½ 2√2 /c). The factor half is Newtonian for labour under acceleration, the other part is the energy for time interval to the phase space. The ratio between T2s /Tbig = 2 giving 23 as independent vector directions but in the sense of 4D it is 4 and 4(√2 / ½√2) = 8 and (2√2 /(3 x ½ √2) = 4/3 used as an exponential in the calculations. All these representing the initial conditions for the dynamic occupation for the eight octants by two independent vector lengths, one set for the (hν) photons in opposing directions and the other set for the pseudo vector cells of the neutrinos considered for the three independent directions.

35

Density for event L3 L3 = 2542.428 m M3 = 3.423850 1030 kg L3

3 = 1.643411 1011 m3

δ3 = 2.083380 1020 divide by δe = 6.375398104 Both in kg /m3

The ratio: m34 = 3.267844 1015 = (7560.760)4

Compare to 7514.041 me derived in par 3 as part of the neutrino coherence length for e-pseudo neutrinos and divide both by 4 due to internal ½c effective velocity and a half for labour shown in chap 1 par 7.2 giving respectively 1878.510 and 1890.191 me.The following subtlety for small differences between numbers:

1890.191 – 1878.510 = 11.681√1890.191 – √1728 = 53.041 – 41.56921 = 11.472 Multiply by three

respectively: 34.416 35.043 and 35.6735 coming from Higgs’ excitation of (142.6940 /4) while the trigonal symmetry for the factor 3 of the pseudo neutrinos, here τ- pseudo ’s, interacting to the proton 1836.153 me . (41.56921)2 = 1728, conservation of quark pseudo cells, see ref 2. In conclusion L3 event is the period mainly restricted to quark cell and τ – lepton/neutrinos also as pseudo cells.

Density for event L4.L4 = 6.463943 106 m M4 = 8.704895 1033 kg L4

3 = 2.700800 1020 m3

δ4 = 3.223079 1013 kg /m3 Divide by δe giving ratio:m4

4 = 5.055494 108 = (149.9481)4

Perhaps the most important ratio for the alternating spinning pseudo BH derived in the next chapters.Correction for the factor of labour in L4 shown the table of par 4, is not working because δe does not scale with a factor 2 and also the same for L5. Density for event L5

L5 = 4.178255 1013 m M5 = 5.626793 1040 kg L53 = 7.294320 1040 m3

δ5 = 0.7713937 kg /m3 Division by δe is not required because δ5 is ways below δe . Apparently BH interference from L2sto L4 is up to L1 giving the electron density as static BH.

The ratio of L5 /L1 = 4.178255 1013 /1.453381 1011 = 287.4851 divide by 1.002490 2√2:The just as an option with respect to me: 101.3888 me or Multiply by 2: 202.7776 me Take the rest mass of the µ-lepton: 206.768 me then the difference:

(206.768 – 202.776) = 3.99045 me A factor very close to 4, see ref 2 for the particle scaling calculations.

In conclusion L1 is the parameter to convert pseudo τ into pseudo µ-neutrinos of the mediating vacuum between normalized empty space of photons and electric charged matter including neutral charge matter as say neutrons etc..

Note the 4th root of (mpl /me) = 286.2874 x 1728 which is Planck’s representation for the contraction of pseudo vacuum about a factor close to 2 higher than Higgs’. Secondly in reference 2 the rest masses of the particles are scaled by method of substitution inversion between two rest masses deciding which of which are self consistent or not. A useful conclusion is, apart from the two chosen parameters one for the quarks and the other for the leptons respectively 1728 and the reciprocal of the fine structure constant, is that the µ-leptons have trigonal symmetry in decay to the c-state but diagonal to pseudo state and similarly the τ-leptons have diagonal symmetry in pseudo mode of Higgs and trigonal mode for the massive bosons W± and Zo.

Par 2.4 The pre Higgs’ conundrum, the stochastic mixing of four kinds of matter

As is shown above due to the smallest coherent length of L2s the particle densities can be never higher than Higgs’ densities about 1026 kg /m3. It involves the generation of NBig = Lcoh /Ls2 = 4.76 1026 centres

36

of coherence for the opposing pseudo vector matters. The ere before TBig had to be stochastic in which the time direction and time quanta as such could not have existed. So Nbig had to be stochastic with a tendency to synchronize. It is a master mixing period for the eight octant symmetries converted into 16, two anti matters and two matters, leptons and quarks, so photon exchange by opposing photons due to the 2c velocity interacting with τ- pseudo vacuum cells. Independent of the photons the angular momentum was conserved in pockets carried by three pseudo coordinates. The whole lot of energy fluctuations had to be carried by the 4D-gravity waves determined by the opposing universal constants of gravity. Expressed 3D-spatially, dynamic stochastic areas of energy and non energy were generated because particle cells of matter and conjugated matter did not exercise sufficient forced to each other while cells of matter and anti matter annihilated. The conservation of angular momentum in the charged particle cells was paramount.

In the ere of stochastic mixing the Planck length and the electron length were generated. So in fact the conclusion is the inflationary period ended around TBig when the 4D gravity waves had wave length in the order of L2s . Master mixing for cosmic radiation ended at this time. Mind, no time as we know it existed because no time phase directions. The overall mass of the universes were M61 relaxing to M54 driving stochastically the matter and anti matter cells apart. So the pre Higgs’ time interval is around T2s. An amazing conclusion is that the neutron had a decay time in the order of TBig instead of the time of stochastic gravity waves generated by the 1011 centres of the galaxies presiding in the super massive black holes consisting of dynamic coherent pseudo vector matter see chap 4 par 5.

One outstanding subject has not been mentioned namely the number of matter and anti matter universes. The answer is given by Hubble’s event horizon RH to be compared with Lcoh . Division ensures close to a factor ten. So 10 congruent universes of the same increasing entropy or having the same arrow of absolute time. Due to the perpendicular complex time axis of 2c in phase space, two other universes should be there which cannot be observed only indirectly by fundamental assessment. Namely in ref 2, Helmholtz’ phase space for perpendicular crossing event cones is derived. In an arrangement of a closed momentum flux frame around the crossing event a frame of an equilateral pyramid gives 6 pairs of which only 5 pairs contribute as opposing time axes. Two crossing ribs of the pyramid are perpendicular and therefore not contributing. The scaling calibration for the universes is given in chap 4 par 5.

Par 2.5 Coherent stochastic alignment

The definition of stochastic alignment is as follows.The equivalent of expressing of an event radius of L4 = Yvac = λe

2 /me = 6.463943 106 m2/kg or any of the L2s to L5 parameters into static BH symmetries, is just to assess the internal density which scales as

δx = mx4 δe . The opposite or inverse effect namely Lcoh(4) = (Lcoh /L4) is the length defining the

coherent stochastic external 3D-space. In case of L4 the mass M47 has a coherent length of labour of Lcoh(4) where M47(2) = M54 /L4..The number N of external coherent spaces is N = Lcoh /Lcoh(4). The correction for the labour is a factor half making Llab(4) = ½ Lcoh(4) then also correcting M47(2) = ½ M47.

The complexity of playing with the factor 2 is a consequence of internal density of the momentary pseudo matter normalized at c, compared to the external pseudo vector vacuum giving again a factor 2 into play due effective velocity of ½c.

Some confusion is possible with this definition. The event length L4 also gives N4 = Lcoh / L4 centres to relaxing into M47 leaving N non related coherent space volumes of each M47 as statistic average. Finally resulting in the average for M41 galaxies divide by 10 in consideration of one universe. Par 3 The conserved electron flux.

The conserved electron flux Fvac as mass per m2 is to set off against the parameters in the above table.

37

Note that the parameter scaling goes by the ratio mx3 and not mx

4 as in the previous paragraph for reason that no BH coherence conditions are valid but just unlimited pseudo vacuum conditions.

The range of compression and expansion for pseudo vector vacuum.COMPRESSION

½ (1/Fvac) = ½ Yvac = λe2 /2me = ½ 6.463943 106 = 3.231971 106 m

In case ½ (1/Fvac) = 1 then the pseudo vector hole condition determines that the pseudo neutrinos cannot be compressed any further.The momentum of a particle is mx(e) = (h/c)(1/λx) with mx(e) = mxme mx is the mass ratio with respect to electron.

λx2 = (1/mx

2) λe2 giving ½ Yvac = mx

3 (λe2/2me)

mx3= 147.85043 = 3.231971 106 for ½ Yvac =1

In the following all numbers with respect to me .

The maximum compression is: 147.8504 while Higgs’ excitation for the conserved quark cell is: 142.6940 x 1728

(λe /λpl)4 = 143.1432 x 3456 with the vacuum part: 143.1432Giving Planck’s representation.

Apply substitution principle representing the conservation of pseudo vacuum cells. A method for self consistency between rest mass matter and the pseudo vacuum :

1 /142.6940 = 1 /137.036 + 1 /3456 Higg’s1 /147.8504 = 1 /143.1432 + 1 /4496.044 Planck’s

With the reciprocal fine structure constant of 137.036. See ref 2 for details.

Take cubic volume of √2:2√2(1728 – 137.036) = 4499.925

Deviation: 4499.925 /4496.044 = 1.000863

Zero energy state of pseudo τ: 137.036 /4 = 34.259 Exited state pseudo τ: 142.6940 /4 = 35.6730The mass ratio for a charge less electron or two pseudo µ-neutrinos is:

½ √2(35.6735 – 34.259) = 1.000202

Excited pseudo state µ: 0.5+ (1 /351.8314)Zero state: 0.5 – (1 / 351.8314)

√1728 – √1604.175 = 1.517053 Divide by 3: 0.5 + 1 /175.9157 (2 x 175.9157 = 351.8314)Fine structure ratio of the electron is: 1 /137.036 (137.036)3/2 = 1604.175 (truncated)Note, in chap 1 it was mentioned that the pseudo µ-neutrino is in fact a triplet having a charge less mass of (1.0 ± 1 /351.8314) explaining the division by the integer 3.

EXPANSIONThe proton with mediation mass exchange to the electron: 1837.153 and 250.8082Substitution: 1 /1837.153 + 1 /250.8082 = 1 /220.6808 giving: 220.6808 x 1728The number for pseudo e-neutrinos which is also the ratio of mx = 1 /3.813365 105 Divide 0.511 MeV by this number: 1.34002 eV for the zero state of one pseudo e-neutrino.This is the coherence length for e-pseudo neutrinos Lneu :

(3.813365 105)3 x 3.231971 106 = 1.792224 1023 m because of ½ Yvac.

The overall neutrino reduction is possible due to equilibrium to Lun.

38

The ratio: 1.346685 1027 / 1.792224 1023 = 7514.041 divide by 4: 1878.510 1878.510 – 1837.153 = 41.35725 all ratios.

Giving √1728 = 41.56921 with deviation to geometric mean of 1.005125. See ref 2 for detailed calculations.

The factor 4 gives the ratio between dark matter (0.75%) and dark energy (0.25%) in case of no charged matter but has to be corrected by the amount of the neutral charged matter. With 4% charged matter the dark neutrinos matter is 79% making up the balance of 21% dark energy.The geometric mean of maximum pseudo velocity ½ √2c determining ¼ c2 kinetic mass. The coherence length of Lneu has to be corrected by multiplying with a factor 4. It is assumed that pseudo vacuum corresponds to dark matter.

The factor of half for Fvac is correct.Take the ½ Yvac then the 3rd power for the neutrino ratio of 3.813365 105 gives:

3.231971 106 /5.545296 1016 = 5.828311 10-11 mCompare to zero radius of H atom : ro = 5.291720 10-11 m Deviation: 1.101402Compare to Compton length of 2.426583 10-12 m:

5.828311 10-11 / 2.426583 10-12 = 24.01850Vector energy ratio: (12.00929)3 = 1732.019 divide by √3=1.732050

1732.019 / 1.732050 = 1 /(1000.018) and 1732.019 -1728 = 4.019Conform m = 1.154700 mo for ½ √2 c three double pseudo µ-neutrinos of 1me are used in exchange to the quark cell giving ratio 3 x 1.33966 = 4.019 or (1.154700)2 =4/3.Apparently the 2nd power has to be associated to conversion of (µ to e)-neutrinos involving the electron.

Conservation of Fvac by inversionAll Mtot(Fx) comply with the static black hole condition of rel 3.1. CF is a ratio.

Yvac = 1/ (½ Fvac) = 3.231971 106 (m) CF = 1 /3.231971 106 = 3.084086 10-7

Table 3.3Mtot(Fx) = c2/G L(Fx) CFx = f(CF) L(Fx) = CFx Yvac c2/G Kg ratio m5.861375 1060 CF1 = 1 4.352447 1033

1.813560 1054 CF2 = CF 1.346685 1027 (2.7)5.611313 1047 CF3 = 1/CF 4.166760 10 20 (2.8)1.73618810 41 CF4 = 1/CF

2 1.289231 1014

Relations 2.7 and 2.8 are to be valued inversions shown in chap 3 par 6. Note: (4.166760 1020)2 = 1.7636188 1041 which shows the validity of the choice of Fvac for self consistency.

The galactic coherence geometric mean or statistic average mass of a galaxy .Now according to calculations in chap 4 the maximum mass of a super massive black hole is:

Msuper = 2.724392 1040 kg then the table: M(F4) = 1.73618810 41 kgRatio 6.372757 / (4/3π) = 1.521383 (1.477958 x 1.52138)1/2 = 1.499431According to table 2 chap 4: 3rd column, last number below:

149.9480 (m) can be divided by 100.Namely take the 3rd root of 4.352447 1033 = 1.632717 1011 divide by: 1.632116 109 = 100.0369. And again according to table 2 for the vector Lce = 1.632116 109.In chap 4 table 2 is completed and worked out for quark and lepton cells in labour and spin conditions. .

Further the square root of 4.166760 10 20 gives:1.632717 1011 /2.1041264 1010 = 7.998557

These are close enough to:

39

√100 = 10 and √8 =(√2)3 = 2.828467 10 /(2√2) = 3.535534As is calculated in chap 4 the mean mass or statistic average for a galaxy is ten times higher than 2.724392 1040kg.

In the sense of physics the conservation of Fvac shows the different states in which matter exchanges with the pseudo vector vacuum during evolution of our cosmos. Each state is determined as a state of equilibrium between opposing G’s. All states of equilibrium are conform the general relativity theory for static black holes.

Par 4.2 Riemann’s index calculated from the initial conditions.Riemann’s index is defined and derived in chap 3.By comparing mpl and me the dimensionally not correct equality is possible:

mpl4 = (1.766053)4 me mpl

3 /(1.766)4 = me /mpl = 1 /5.989415 1022

Now is also:(mpl /me) equal to either (L1/λe) or (L2

2 /λe2) further assuming 1.766 a dimensionless constant.

Take 1.766 x 2√2 x 1.002490 = 5.007590 because L22 = 1 /(2√2 x 1.00249)m2

Remember in chap 1 par 8 the ratio: mx = 6.599920 from mx3= 287.4854

6.59992 /5.00759 = 1.317903 = (1.047081)6 but (288)1/3 = 6.6038546.603854 /5.00759 = 1.318769 = (1.047196)6 closest value to observed Riemann.

A 3rd combination to 5.0 exact makes the error greater.

It suggests that 288 is an absolute ratio in 3D-phase space making the index split in 6 paired directions opposing each other to generate the 4D- gravity waves given by the exponent of six. In par 5.3 the other equality for λpl and λe is better suited to prove the equality.

Par 4.3 The proof of the equality for pseudo vector coherent matter.

In retrospect Planck’ length can be expressed as pseudo vector volume of the electron:λpl = 1.002490 (√2)3 λe

3 = 2.835469 λe3

Where √2 is forward phase velocity in the three perpendicular vector directions. Dimensionally not correct but an energy vector volume represents a virtual static BH with event λpl .Take: (λe /λpl)2 = (286.2874 x 1728)2 = 2.447326 1011 = (mpl /me)2

Par 3 table 2: Lce = 1.632116 109 m and Lpl /Lce = 1.477959Giving: 2.447326 1011 /Lce = 149.9480 as ratio for mx

Equality 1: (149.9480)5 x (1.477959)3 = 2.447326 1011

Take: δe = 6.375398 104 = (252.4953)2 kg/m3 with mx = 149.9480

Equality 2: C2 (149.9480)3 x (252.4953)2 Eq1 = Eq2: (149.9480)2 x (1.477958)3 = C2 (252.4954)2

C2 is not dimensionless: C2 = 1.138573(1.477959)3 /C2 = 2.835477 /2√2 = 1.002492

Par 4.1 Normal matter collapse in stars. Note Chap 1 par 6 does not exists any longer in this edition.

The derivation in chap 1 par 6 determined that the electron is a fundamental parameter to which all rest masses of particles obey. Up to Higgs’ densities for the pseudo vacuum then any particle parameters in general are conserved.

The two parameters of the electron responsible for the conservation with the ratio of mx to me of the rest mass of a particle.

Fvac(x) = mx3 me /λe

2 and δx = mx4 me /λe

3

40

Taking Higgs for the breakdown of the pseudo vacuum:mx = mHi = 142.6940 x 1728 = 2.465752 105 ratio to me

As is shown in chap1 par 6:δx /Fvac(x) = mx /λe giving the internal stability limit with respect to the electron.

With respect to Higgs and (1 /λe = 4.121021 1011 el per meter:(1 /√λe) /2.465752 105 = 1.5√3 x 1.002077 which is about a factor 2.6 less.

Using (mHi)3 =1.499161 1016 gives:Yvac(x) = ½ 6.463943 106 x 1.499161 1016 = 4.845244 1022 m2 /kg

Take the 4th root of 1.499161 1016 = 1.106527 104 as a ratio mx but use 1.499 1016 . Then multiplied by δe = 6.375398 104 kg /m3 gives δHi as the maximum density within matter:

δHi = 9.557743 1020 kg/m3

Considering the range of mass for the stars then for stars less than one solar, the pseudo vacuum density limit can be reached but the Higgs’ density of 1020 kg/m3 is not possible. This limit suggests the nova condition for small stars. Note in par 2.3 the density δe was multiplied to δHi giving 1026 kg/m3

not considering the parameter of (δx /Fvac(x) = mx /λe). For the onset of the initial conditions within the event of L2s this approach should be correct.

Stars with a mass greater than 1 solar and higher could reach the Higgs density limit giving the super novae. Although the resonance collapse into pseudo matter of two colliding alternating spinning black hole is not yet well understood then suggesting this is a complete different kind of implosion.

REFERENCECONTENT BOOK 1:

Theory of pseudo vector matter proven, overview and definitions

Chap 1 Inversion symmetries for the internal parameters of matterChap 2 Binary symmetry for electron generation by the process of Planck’s induction

The spectacular and tentative atom /quark modelChap 3 Definition and overview of Helmholtz phase space of timeIntermezzo Introduction to the physics of gravityChap 4 Precursor experiment for drilling electromagnetic holes through the surface of Earth Chap 5 Proposal for the pilot experiment of gravitational levitationChap 6 Scaling calculations for the pseudo vector neutrinos of the weak vacuum and

conjugated excitationsChap 7 and 8 For real interested readers

Foundation Cosmic Field Paradigm ©.......... introductory text on standard particle theory and cosmology, the phenomena explained by them, unsatisfactory features of that explanation, and an alternative approach by the Cosmic Field Paradigm which (supposedly) cures those defects .........