Universal Exposition

Jeffrey

Universal Exposition

• Also called– Expo (short for "exposition“)– World's Fair

• Sanctioned by the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE)

Bureau of International Expositions (BIE)

• The Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) – The governing body of World and International

Expos• Founding– The BIE was established by an international

convention signed in Paris on 22 November 1928

Purpose of BIE

• To oversee the calendar, the bidding, the selection and the organization of World Expositions

• To establish a regulatory framework under which Expo organizers and participants may work together under the best conditions

Two Types of Expositions

• The BIE regulates two types of expositions– Registered Exhibitions (commonly called World

Expos) – Recognized Exhibitions (commonly called

International or Specialized Expositions)

Universal Expositions

• Since the start of the 21st century, Universal Expositions may occur every five years

• Lasting six months, on '5' and '0' ending years• For example– Expo 2005 in Aichi– Expo 2010 in Shanghai– Expo 2015 in Milan

Universal Expositions

• Who are allowed to participate in Universal Expositions – Countries– International organizations– Civil societies– Corporations

Shanghai World Expo

• More than 190 countries • More than 50 international organizations• The largest ever

Selection Process

Themes of Universal Expositions

• The themes of Universal Expositions are broad and pan-humanistic in nature

• Examples of themes of recent Universal Expositions include – "Man and His World" for Expo '67 in Montreal– "Discovery" for Seville Expo– "Better City – Better Life“ for Expo 2010

Logo

Mascot

Location

Location

Location

Location

Location

Location

Location

Location

Map

五區• A 片區 • B 片區• C 片區 • D 片區 • E 片區

Map

五區• A 片區 – 中國館、外國國家館（除東南亞外的亞洲國

家） • B 片區 – 主題館– 東南亞和大洋洲部分國家館– 國際組織館– 公共活動中心– 演藝中心

五區• C 片區 – 外國國家館（歐洲、美洲和非洲國家）

• D 片區 – 企業館

• E 片區 – 企業館– 城市文明館– 城市最佳實踐區

台灣館

台北館

Pavilions

• The participants must design and build their own pavilions

台灣館

台灣館

台灣館

台北館

台北館

中國館

Pavilions

• However, there are exceptions where the Expo Authority at a Universal Exposition constructs pavilion buildings or joint pavilion buildings – To maximize participation – To alleviate representation costs for developing

nations

Examples of Joint Pavilion Buildings

• The Plaza of America at Seville's Expo '92 – Constructed by the Seville Expo Authority to

maximize participation at the fair by South American nations

• The Plaza of Africa at Seville was constructed for the same purpose

Massive In Scale

• Sometimes 300 or 400 hectares in size • Montreal's Expo 67 was 410 hectares• Osaka's Expo 70 was 330 hectares• Seville's Expo 92 was 215 hectares• Shanghai's Expo 2010 is 528 hectares

Pavilions

• Pavilions participating at a Universal Exposition are also large

• Sometimes 5,000 to 10,000 square meters in size

• Mini city blocks in themselves • Sometimes more than several stories in height

Examples

• The Australia Pavilion for Shanghai 2010 is 5,000 square meters

• The British Pavilion sits on a 6,000 square meters lot, as does the Canadian Pavilion

• The flagship Chinese National Pavilion has 20,000 square meters of exhibition space

Three Types Of Pavilion Structures

• Shanghai Expo 2010 will allow three types of Pavilion structures– Designed and constructed by the participant– Individual Pavilions designed and constructed by

the Expo Authority for rent to the participant– Joint pavilions designed and constructed by the

Expo Authority for rent to developing nations

Number of Attracted Visitors

• Universal Expositions have been known to – Average 200,000 persons per day of visitors or

more– Some 50 to 70 million visitors during their six

month duration– Due to the fact that they are usually held in major

centers of world population

Examples

• Montreal's Expo 67 attracted 54 million visitors

• Osaka's Expo '70, 64 million visitors• The recent Seville Expo '92, 41 million visitors• Shanghai's Expo 2010 is expected to attract 80

million visitors

Transport

• As a result, transport and other infrastructure at a Universal Exposition is an important concern

• Seville's Universal Exposition of 1992 boasted cable car, monorail, boat, and bus)

• The overall cost for hosting and being represented at a Universal Exposition is quite high

• Compared to the smaller International/Specialized scale Expositions

International/Specialized Expositions

• Since the start of the 21st Century• May occur between Universal Expositions • Lasts from six weeks to three months in

duration

Examples

• Expo 2008 in Zaragoza (Spain)• Expo 2012 in Yeosu (South Korea)• Countries, international organizations, civil

societies, and corporations are allowed to participate – But the exposition must have a precise character

for its theme

Leisure in the Age of Technology

• An example of a theme of a recent International Specialized Exposition – 1988 World Exposition– Popularly known as World Expo 88 of Brisbane,

Australia• Had as its theme "Leisure in the Age of

Technology"

Pavilions

• The pavilions are built by the hosts and not the participants

• There is no rent for pavilions• Nevertheless, the largest pavilion may be no

larger than 1000 square meters• The site of the fair must not exceed an area of

twenty-five hectares

Cheaper

• For this reason International/Specialized Expositions are cheaper to run than Universal Expositions

• More money is spent on content of the pavilion as opposed to its design

Exceptions

• Nonetheless, there are exceptions where a participant designs and constructs its own Pavilion where ethnic work is involved

• Examples– Bush huts for islands of the South Pacific– A pagoda for Nepal or Japan or Thailand

Who Can Participate

• A nation or organization does NOT need to be a member of the B.I.E. to be represented at a B.I.E. Exposition

Thank you very much for your attention!

Any Questions?

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