Univer, 99 % cari (plasma) -...
Transcript of Univer, 99 % cari (plasma) -...
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Plasma Science from Nature to Laboratory and Business Innovation: Experience of Undip’s
Physics Department
Centre for Plasma Research, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University,
Semarang, Indonesia
Muhammad Nur
Kuliah Umum, UNNES, Semarang, tanggal 19 Oktober 2016.
“Materi Eksotis”:Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC). Materi gelap (dark matter plasma).
David J. Thouless, Duncan Haldane dan J. Michael Kosterlitz, meraih Nobel Fisika 2016:
"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter“ ==== Exotic Matter
NOBEL FISIKA 2016
Univer, 99 % cari (plasma)
“Ketika Langit Bagaikan Luluhan Perak (Plasma), (Q. S. Al. Ma’rij 8)
“Dan Dia Menciptakan Jin dari Api tanpa asap”(Q. S. Ar-Rahman 15)
Api tanpa asap (Plasma ???)
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• Plasma a fourth state of matter after gas, formed of positive ions, negative ions, electrons, excited molecules and atoms, free radicals.
• Three state of matter that well kown:
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas.PLASMA is the ANOTHER state of metter.
What is Plasma
Kilat dan Petir
”Dan di antara tanda-tanda kekuasaanNya, Diamemperlihatkan kilat untuk (menimbulkan) ketakutan danharapan, dan Dia menurunkan hujan dari langit, lalumenghidupkan bumi dengan air itu sesudah matinya. Sesungguhnya pada yang demikian itu benar-benar terdapattanda-tanda bagi kaum yang mempergunakan akalnya. (ArRum, 24)”
ل من ومن آياته يريكم البرق خوف ا وطمع ا وينز
السماء ماء فيحيي به الرض ب لك عد موتها إن في ذ
ليات ل قوم يعقلون
What is PLASMA?
“Fourth State” of matter
Ionized gas at high temperature capable of conducting electrical current
Lightning is an example from nature
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What is difference between Gas and Plasma?
ION
Electron
Atoms
(gas)
Pada hari ketikalangit menjadiseperti luluhan perak(PLASMA) (Q. Al Ma’Rij 8)
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SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
PLASMAE
N
E
R
G
Y
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Types of Plasma• Cold plasma
Plasma that occurs in a state of thermal nonequilibrium between the electron and gas. Tion and Tgas = 1000 K, Te = 50000 K
• Thermal plasmaPlasma that occurs in a state of thermal nonequilibrium, baut heavy spicies of plasma (ion and gas) has temperature = 3000 K electron Te= 100 000 K
• Hot plasma
Plasma occurs in a state of thermal equilibrium. Electron density = ion density. Tion = T electron =Tplasma ( the order of 100 million K)
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10/26/2016 Center for Plasma Research, Diponegoro University
Plasma In Nature
Auroradi Alaska
Nabula
Cold plasma
Hot plasma
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Thermal plasma
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First Research, on Plasma at Physics DepartmentDiponegoro University, 1998
motorcycle spark plugs
Metal hardening
Plasma in laboratory
Cold plasma
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Center for Plasma Research (CPR)www.plasmatechno.com
Center for Plasma Research (CPR) is a research center of the plasma and its application. This center originated from independent studies in 1999, by utilizing the corona plasma for particle separation device. After success in the fields of environmental conservation, enthusiasts Plasma Science and Technology at the University of
Diponegoro formed the Center for Plasma Research on February 10, 2005. CPR
developed different types of reactors, based on Corona Discharge, Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma, Radio Frequency Plasma and Plasma Jet.
Center is supported by a multi-disciplinary field of expertise, among others, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Informatics, Mathematics, Statistics, Chem. Engineering, Medicine, Animal Husbandry, Food Technology, Fisheries, Public Health. Plasma application include research activities, Environment Plasma, Plasma for Food, Plasma for Agriculture, Plasma for Textile, Plasma for Materials, Plasma for Medical and Plasma Energy to focus on Plasma Gasification.
Fundamental research was also conducted among other issues a chain collision of electrons of atoms and molecules in the plasma, electro hydrodynamics, spectroscopy for plasma and area after plasma (after glow region), theoretically Tokomak Plasma also began to be touched by using Monte Carlo Simulation.
CPR also did some initiation to spin off business that supported by researchers
from the Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB).
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Basic Process for forming plasma
Ionisation and exitation by electron impact
A: Neutral molecule A*: Exited molecule/Radical
A + e A* + e (exitation)
A* A + hfp (photo-emission)
A + e A+ + e + e (ionisation distribution)
A*+ e A + efast (absorption)
Photo exitation & ionisation
A + hfp A* (photo-exitation )
A + hfp A+ + e (photo-ionisation)
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• X + Y ----- X + Y Maxwell
Ex + Ey =(Ex + E’) + (Ey-E’) changement cinetic energy
• X + Am + Emn----- X + An Boltzmann
deexitation exitation
• X + Am + Em----- X + An+ + e Saha recombinationionization
• Am-----An+ + hf Planck
• absorption spontaneous emission
Maxwell, Boltzmann, Saha dan Plancktypes particles
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Important ParametersVery Important Parameters of a plasma:
= plasma density (ion / electron)
= temperature of Ions and electrons (temperature plasma for Hot Plasma)
Lawson Creteria: criteria indicate that a plasma in the conditions for fusion reaction
n T t = 6 x 1021 m-3 keV s
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Thermodynamics Equilibrium in Plasma
The 4th state of Matter
Thermodynamic Laws in PLASMA
are not equal Thermodynamic Laws in GAS
• A state of equilibrium has been reached
• State in the riversible proces
• Total Thermodynamic Equilibrium (TTE). In these circumstances TTE there is only one temperature
(T = Tkin = Texc-Ti = Te), the thermodynamic temperature. Plasma in this condition follows the entire distribution functions (the laws of Maxwell, Boltzmann, Saha, and Planck).
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Total Thermodynamic Equilibrium (TTE)
T=Tkin=Texc-Ti=TePlasma
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Local Thermodynamic Equlibrium (LTE)
• In these systems there is a difference in temperature from one position to another position. Because of the unique temperature at the plasma was replaced by a joint sub-system temperature T1, T2, T3
T3
T1
T2
Plasma
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Local Field Equilibrium (LFE)
Plasma did not have a unique temperature T although locally. Te (electronic temperature), Ti (temperature ionic) and Tg (gas temperature). Equilibrium level determined by the energy of charged particles under an electric field effect
E3
E1
E2
Plasma
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Plasma Application
• Plasma and Tokamak Fusion Reactor
• Industrial Applications
• Plasma-Based Devices
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Kompetensi dan FokusPTM TM PTO
ilmu dan teknologi teknik mesinmelaksanakan pendidikanmelaksanakan penelitianMendarmakan ilmu pengetahuandan teknologimengembangkan kewirausahaandibidang Teknik Mesin
Nilai-nilaiReligious, Jujur, peduli, santun, konservasi,
Enterpreneur
(1) otomotif cakup kelistrikan, engine, sistem mekanik dan karoseri; (2) energi yang mencakup energiterbarukan, system pembangkitenergi dan mesin konversi energi; dan(3) bahan mencakup perlakuanbahan, bahan ferro dan non ferro, proses produksi dan perancanganKetiga keahlian tersebut mempunyaikaitan dengan dunia industri(enterpreneur), terkait pentediaan SDM
Enterpreneur
“SIAP (Skill, Inovation, Academic and Performance)”perawatan otomotifteknologi Otomotif
Enterpreneur
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Material Technology
1. plasma for surface treatment2. plasma etching3. plasma for thin layer 4. synthetic diamond films for thin-panel television system5. plasma synthesis of ceramic powders6. synthetic materials (eg arc on the fabrication of steel)7. ion implantation8. Electrical Insulating gas (high-voltage switch)9. Isolator on tranformator
PTM, TM, PTO,
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Chemical
1. Interaction of low energy electrons2. Plasma polymerization3. Isotopic enrichment4. Production of free radical compounds
PTM, TM, PTO,
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Environment
1. Water treatment system
2. Plasma to the surface cleaning
3. Control of industrial effluent
4. Control of air pollution from the combustion of hydrocarbons and coal
5. Separation of radioactive contaminated waste
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PTM, TM, PTO,
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medical
• Pasteurization
• Sterilization of medical instruments
• Ozone theraphy
• Jet Plasma Wound theraphy
• etc.
Plasma In our home
• Plasma TV
• Lamp
• Air Condition
• etc
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Plasma Application Reseach
in
Diponegoro University
1. ENVIRONMENT: control for Air Pollution, 2. Biomedical, sterilizer,3. AGRICULTURE4. Metal hardening
Ozon Generator
Reaktor Ozon
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Energi Alternatif/Hidrogen
Treatment minyak jelantah dengan plasma Argon
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Air Pollution Control
Emission Gas
Ionization, Exitation,Free Radical production
Plasma Generator
Plasma Chemistry Reaction
New Compound /aerosol
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Reactor HVGenerator
Gas Flow (%)removal
Additivegas
year
1st Generation HV DC-
PLN
CO2 Simulation static 62 yes 2000
2nd Generation HV DC-PLN
NO2 coal static 65 yes 2000
2nd Generation HV DC-PLN
CO2 Simulation static 85 yes 2001
3th Generation HV DC-PLN
CO2 ms 2 tag static 60 yes 2002
4th Generation HV DC-PLN
HC ms 2 tag Static 70 No 2003
5th Generation HV DC-PLN
COx ms 2 tag Flow 30 No 2003
6th Generation HV DC-PLN
COx ms 4 tag Static 70 No 2004
7th Generation Mobile COx ms 4tag bsn Flow 65 No 2004
Generasi-7 Mobile HC ms 4tag bsn Flow 55 No 2004Generasi-7 Mobile NOx ms 4tag bsn Flow 85 No 2004
Generasi-7 Mobile SOx ms 4tag disel
Flow 58 No 2004
History of our Research 2000-2004
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Prototype Reaktor Plasma dan Mobile Generator
MobbileGenerator
Reaktor
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Result
Pereduksian emisi pada veriasi rpm dan gigi
33,33
47,92
92,86
25 25,57
9,0918,52
23,66
43,59
55,22
10,53 10
31,8521,82
62,81
31,58
20,8326,53
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
RPM
Red
uk
si
(%)
CO
CO2
HC
Motorcyce Muffler% Removal Emission Gas HC maximum 62 %CO maximum 93 %CO2 maximum 55 %
Motor cycle
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vehicle
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Electro Katalytic Fuel SaverWith
PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
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Metal Hardening
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Metal Hardening
Incresing of Hardness300% -500 %
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Agriculture
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• Mangrove
Nitrogen ions radiation to acelerate growing of mangrove
Weigth of mangrove after 2 months
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Weigth
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Plasma for inactivation of micro-organism
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Plasma reactor for decontimination
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Incubator E-choli
coloni of e-coli
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Kurva lama waktu penyinaran plasma terhadap pertumbuhan E. coli
3,1
0,60,4 0,4
0,2 0,10
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
0 20 40 60 80 100waktu penyinaran plasma (detik)
Jum
lah
bakt
eri (
x 10
7 )
Kurva lama waktu penyinaran plasma terhadap pertumbuhan E. coli
3,1
0,60,4 0,4
0,2 0,10
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
0 20 40 60 80 100waktu penyinaran plasma (detik)
Ju
mla
h b
ak
teri
(x
107
)
Total colonies E. Coli before treatment 3,1x 107. After treatment 100 seconds become 0,1 x 107
Decrease 96,8 %.
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FUSI NUKLIR
October 16 LAB.ATOM NUKLIR & CPR PUSARRAN-LEMLIT UNDIP 2004
PLASMA UNTUK ENERGI FUSI NUKLIR
• PLASMA TOKOMAKAkronim bahasa Rusia:“Toridalnya Kamera ve Magnetnaya Katushka” = “Toroidal Chamber with Magnetic Coil”
• Diusulkan Oleh Andri Sakharov dan Igor Tamm pada awal tahun 50-an : “Suatu Temperatur sangat tinggi yang dilepaskan Plasma dalam suatu kungkungan medan magnet (Magnetic Confinement), konduktifitas panas akan sangat menurun karena lintasan partikel-partikel bermuatan akan sangat kompak dengan garis medan magnet yang berbentuk helikal”
October 16 LAB.ATOM NUKLIR & CPR PUSARRAN-LEMLIT UNDIP 2004
Reaksi Fusi Thermonuklir secara Teoretis yang paling mudah
dihasilkan
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October 16 LAB.ATOM NUKLIR & CPR PUSARRAN-LEMLIT UNDIP 2004
Illustrasi konfigursai Reaktor Plasma
Tokamak
October 16 LAB.ATOM NUKLIR & CPR PUSARRAN-LEMLIT UNDIP 2004
Kreteria Lawson
n T t = 6 x 1021 m-3 keV s
October 16 LAB.ATOM NUKLIR & CPR PUSARRAN-LEMLIT UNDIP 2004
Bagian dalam dari Reaktor Fusi Thermonuklir
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October 16 LAB.ATOM NUKLIR & CPR PUSARRAN-LEMLIT UNDIP 2004
“Tore Supra”,Prancis, Reaktor Fusi Thermonuklir pertama yang manggunakan koil super konduktor
October 16 LAB.ATOM NUKLIR & CPR PUSARRAN-LEMLIT UNDIP 2004
Rancangan ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)
Proyek:
•Uni Eropa
•USA
•Jepang
•Rusia
•Korea
•China
•India
H = 60 m
D = 40 m
Para ilmuwan MIT: tekanan plasma lebih dari dua atmosfer, meningkat 16% dari hasil tahun 2005, pada suhu 35 juta derajat Celcius dan berlangsung selama 2 (dua) detik, 14 Oktober 2016
Kreteria Lawson n T t = 6 x 1021 m-3 keV s
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October 16 LAB.ATOM NUKLIR & CPR PUSARRAN-LEMLIT UNDIP 2004
Skema Reaktor Fusi beserta Turbin Generator KonvensionaL
Ozone Technology for Rice Storage System
(OTRISS)
• Ion and molecule reaction : O- + O2O3 + e
• ion molecule and Atom Reaction : O2- + OO3 + e
• Three-Body ion-ion recombination: O2++ O- + O2 O3 + O2
• Exited Molecule and Molecule: O2*+ O2 O3 + O*
Ozone Formation mechanism
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ROAD Map OTRISS
Nutrition Value in 100 gram of Rice
No Chemical Composition Quantity
1 Carbohydrate 79 g
2 Glucose 0,12 g
3 Serat diet 1,3 g
4 Lipid 0,66 g
5 Protein 7,13 g
6 Water Content 14 g
7 Titamina (Vit.B1) 0,070 mg (5 % AKG)
8 Riboflavin (Vit B2) 0,049 mg (3 % AKG)
9 Niasin (Vit B3) 1,6 mg mg (11 % AKG)
10 Acid pantotenic (B5) 1,014 mg (20 % AKG)
11 Vitamin B6 0,164 mg (13 % AKG)
12 Folic Acid Vit B9 8 μg (2 % AKG)
13 Forum 0,8 mg (6 % AKG)
14 Foforus 115 mg (16 % AKG)
15 Kalium 115 mg (2 % AKG)
16 Calsium 28 mg (3 % AKG)
17 Magnesium 25 mg (7 % AKG)
18 Zink 1,09 mg (11% AKG)
19 Kalori 354 kkal
(Juliano, 1976)
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Component
Reactor, Program Logic Control, power supply, gas pomp
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Ozone-tech Rice Storage Systems for
Quality Control
Program Riset Unggulan Strategis Nasional 1. PUSNAS 20132. PUSNAS 2014
3. PUPT 20154.PUPT 20165.PPTI 2016
ENTERPRENEURCV. Plasmatech Consulting
PT. Dipotechnology
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AirPurifier and Cleaner
“Zeta Green”Udara Bersih Untuk Semua
www.dipotechnology.com
Profil Product• Zeta Green merupakan alat
pembersih udara (Air Purifier danCleaner) berteknologi plasma
www.dipotechnology.com
Nilai Tambah
• Muliti Fungsi, Asap rokok bersih (efisiensi 99%), ion generator dan plasma cluster untuk pembunuh kuman, jamur dan mikroorganisme
– Baru, Inovative, serasi dan solusi bagi lingkungan. Tersedinyaruang space iklan yang dapat di isikan logo perusahaancustomer/tagline perusahaan yang disesuaikan dengan jeniskegiatan/promosi
www.dipotechnology.com
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www.dipotechnology.com
Spesifikasi Alat
Daya Listrik
Voltage
Dimensi
80 Watt
220 V / 50 Hz
Tinggi : 100 cmLebar : 20 CmTebal : 20 Cm
Daya JangkauUkuran ruang 4 x 5 meter
Matrial BodyPVC
Advertishing Size-Front50 x 70 cm
Teknologi Zeta Green
Pre- Filter
• Menyaringaerosol, partikelpadatan (hingga 0.3 mikkrometer), nikotin denganlucutan corona yang kemudianakan diendapkanpada dindingreaktor plasma
•Menciptakan ion-ion sebagaipenyebar udarasekaligus sebagaipembunuhmikrobiologi
Teknologi Zeta Green
Electrical Precipitator
Plasma Decomposed Gas
Ion Generator System
• Menyaring debu-debu dalam ukuranyang besar
•Memecah gas-gas tertentu sehinggamenjadi lebihramah lingkungan
Progres Zeta Green
www.themegallery.com
Uji Alat
Zeta Green sudahmengalamibeberapa uji lab
Zeta Green sudahbanyak mengalamievolusi secara visik
Zeta Green sedangdan akan terusmenjalinkerjasamakemitraan, terkaitproduksi maupunpemasaran
Zeta Green sedangproses masukpasar internasional
Produk
Kemitraan
Go International
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Uji Lab (Jamur dan Bakteri)
www.dipotechnology.com
Uji Lab (Kimia dan Bakteri)
www.themegallery.com
Evolusi Produk Zeta Green
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www.themegallery.com
Evolusi Produk Zeta Green
On Progress
www.themegallery.com
Kemitraan
Kerjasama dengan PT Wahana Karya Innovasi
(Distributor dan Fasilitator Industrialisasi Zeta Green)
Zeta Green ikut mengurangi kabut asap dalam ruangan di lokasi kebakaran
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Dokumentasi
Peresmian office PT. Dipo Technology, mengundang Menteri Ristekdan Dikti.
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Dokumentasi
Zeta Green terpilih menjadi penerima Angkasa Pura II Award
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Dokumentasi
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Dokumentasi
www.dipotechnology.com
Dokumentasi
National Innovation Forum 2015. Presiden RI Joko Widodo, Prof BJ Habibie, Menteri Ristek dan Dikti Prof Natsir, beserta rombongan
berkunjung ke stand Zeta Green.
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Dokumentasi
Zeta Green digunakan di ruang kerja dan ruang tidur
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Dokumentasi
Kantor Pusat Bank BTN Jakarta
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Dokumentasi
Ruang Operasi Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro
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Dokumentasi
Ruang Instalasi Gawat Darurat dan Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah SakitNasional Diponegoro
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Dokumentasi
Ruang Tunggu Rumah Sakit Nasional Diponegoro
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Dokumentasi
Smoking Area Cafe
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Dokumentasi
Penggunaan Zeta Green Pada Ruang Rapat
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Dokumentasi
Expo Indonesia Trend Education (ITE) 2016
Botani Square - Bogor
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Dokumentasi
Expo Teknologi Tepat Guna 2015 - Aceh
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Dokumentasi
Penggunaan Zeta Green olehLemhanas
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Dokumentasi
Penggunaan Zeta Green olehYayasan Buddha Tzu Chi
Indonesia
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Dokumentasi
Zeta Green sebagai alat penanggulangan bencana asap. Diskusibersama Menteri Ristek Dikti Prof Natsir
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Dokumentasi
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Dokumentasi
Spin off Business from base on Plasma
Technology
1. CV. Plasma Tech2. PT. Dipo Technology
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Documentation and Media Exposes