United States Presidents
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Transcript of United States Presidents
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United States Presidents
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George Washington1789-1797
• Commander in Chief of Continental Army• Set precedents- two terms, cabinet• Strengthen new government- use of force in
Whiskey Rebellion• Kept peace through Proclamation of
Neutrality and Jay Treaty• Farewell Address- set policy of isolationism
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John Adams1791-1801
• 1st vice-president; 2nd president• Undeclared war with France [XYZ Affair]• Alien and Sedition Acts- attempted to
eliminate opposition to Federalist Party-made Adams unpopular
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Thomas Jefferson1801-1809
• Wrote Declaration of Independence• Favored limited, decentralized government• Louisiana Purchase- sent Lewis and Clark
to explore Louisiana Territory• Embargo Act of 1807- resulted in hurt U.S.
trade
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James Monroe1817-1825
• Purchased Florida (1819)• Monroe Doctrine (1823)-U.S. foreign policy in
Western hemisphere
• Era of Good Feelings (1815-1830)- time of peace, growing nationalism and internal improvements (roads and canals)
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Andrew Jackson1829-1837
• Hero of Battle of New Orleans (War of 1812)
• Democracy expanding [convention system]• Expands presidential power [spoils system]• Closes Bank of the United States• Fights against nullification act• Forced removal of Native Americans [Trail
of Tears]
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James Polk1845-1849
• Supporter of Manifest Destiny• Oregon Country (1846)• Mexican-American War (1846-1848)• Mexican Cession (1848)
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Abraham Lincoln1861-1865
• Opposed spread of slavery into territories• 1st Republican president• President during Civil War- expanded president’s
power during wartime
• Emancipation Proclamation (1863)• Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction
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Andrew Johnson1865-1869
• Became president after Lincoln’s assassination
• Disagreed with Congress (Radical Republicans) over Reconstruction
• Impeached by the House of Representatives, but not removed from office by Senate
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Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909
• Domestic program- Square Deal• Progressive president- “Trustbuster”,
conservationist, Meat Inspection Act & Pure Food and Drug Act
• Roosevelt Corollary [Big Stick Policy]- U.S. would act as police force in Latin America
• Gentlemen’s Agreement• Panama Canal
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Woodrow Wilson1913-1921
• Progressive president- New Freedom-enforcement of antitrust laws
• World War I (1917-1918)- U.S.entered because of Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare
• Fourteen Points- included freedom of seas, self-determination
• League of Nations- Senate refused to sign Treaty of Versailles and join the League
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Herbert Hoover1929-1933
• Oct. 29, 1929- Stock Market Crash• Depression begins-Tried to restore confidence in
economy, but did not believe government should become directly involved in economy
• Bonus Army- 1932, WWI veterans gathered in DC and Hoover sent in army to disperse veterans
• Took steps to use power of federal government, but lost to FDR in election
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Franklin D Roosevelt1933-1945
• New Deal– AAA, WPA, CCC– FDIC, Social Security Act, Minimum Wage
• Supreme Court- tried to increase # of justices
• Good Neighbor Policy• Internment of Japanese Americans
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Harry Truman1945-1953
• Atomic Bombs- end of World War II (1945)
• Cold War begins• Truman Doctrine- policy of containment• Marshall Plan- plan to rebuild Europe
• Domestic policy- Fair Deal- extend reforms of New Deal
• Korean War (1950-1953)
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Dwight Eisenhower1953-1961
• Domino Theory- if one nation fall to communism, others will
• Arms race- build up of nuclear weapons
• Eisenhower Doctrine- pledge to help Middle East resist communism
• Little Rock, Arkansas- sent troops to protect African American students
• Peaceful coexistence- 1955, relations between superpowers improved
• Space race- 1957 USSR launched Sputnik
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John F Kennedy1961-1963
• New Frontier– Peace Corps– Space program
• Alliance for Progress- improve relations with Latin America
• Bay of Pigs-failed attempt to remove Castro from power
• Cuban Missile Crisis- brinksmanship
• Berlin- pledge support to West Berlin after wall is built
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Lyndon B Johnson1963-1969
• Great Society Programs– War on Poverty– Medicare/ Medicaid– Head Start
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-Lead to increased involvement in Vietnam War
• Civil Rights Act of 1964- turning point
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Richard Nixon1969-1974
• Vietnam War– Vietnamization– Bombing of Cambodia; protest at Kent State– Withdrawal of troops 1973; War Powers Act
• Détente with USSR and China– Recognized China– SALT agreement
• Watergate Affair– United States v. Nixon; president is not above the law– Resignation; public distrust of government
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Jimmy Carter1977-1981
• Oil Crisis- OPEC raised oil prices
• Panama Canal Treaty- control of canal returned to Panama in 1999
• Soviet invasion of Afghanistan- U.S. supported rebels
• Camp David Accords-peace agreement between Israel and Egypt
• Iranian hostage Crisis- failed rescue attempt
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Ronald Reagan1981-1989
• Reaganomics- supply-side economics
• Federal budget deficits- cut taxes and increased military spending
• Hard line against communism and Soviet Union– Renewed Détente in 1985 when Gorbachev became
leader of Soviet Union
• Iran-Contra Affair
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Bill Clinton1993-2000
• Attempted health care and social security reform
• Reduced federal deficit• NAFTA• Peacekeeping efforts-Bosnia, Somalia, Haiti• Arab-Israeli Peace• Scandals- Whitewater, impeachment
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George W Bush2001-2008
• Bush v. Gore• Tax cuts- led to increase federal deficits
• War on Terrorism- Sept. 11th; hunt for Bin Laden and al Qaeda
• Iraq War- WMDS; remove Saddam Hussein from power
• Hurricane Katrina• No Child Left Behind- education reform• Economic Crisis- Bank bailouts