UNITED STATES PEPARTMENT OF THE INTER,IP~

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

~inor and trace elements in coq+~~

A selected bibliography of reports

in English~ January 1976

By

U,S. Geological Survey

Open~File Report 76~481

··"·"".19"76 _ _....

This report i$ preliminary and has not b~en edi~ed Of reviewed for conformity with U~S· Geoloatcal Survey standards~

Minor and t:ra~e elem~nt~ in coRl~~q sel~cteq bibliography

of reports, in English~ Jpnu~ry ~97Q

By p.a, Gealogt~al Sqrvey 1

Ahstr~cf~--A bihliography of 175 selected referepce~ on tr~ce elements !n ~oal is presented qS A guide to. re&dily available infor.m~~~QP. ang as an aid to further s,tudy. All the reports cited are in English, An~ ~ost ~re applicable to the Pnited States,

The occ~rrence of a wide variety of traGe elements in coal is a nat4ral phenomenop of great ~cientific interest, environment~! concern, and possible ecoqomic importance ~ The rele~se of these elements in increased qpantities py the prospe~tive future increase in QSe of ppal poses proble~s And oppQrtunJties tha,t mus. t he anti~ipated by full knowledge of the rel~tive ab!-Hldance, geologic qi~t~iPMt!on, anA chemical association of each element~

The following bibliography of 175 selecte4 ref~renoeq wa~ prep~re4 as an fJ.id tCl g~ol-ogi~ t:s t chenri.~t~, and, oth~rq who wish to r~vi~w availtlhlfa informqtion on tr~c~ e+~~ents in United Stqtes co~ls, or whP wi~~ to initia~~ ~tud:l~~~

!hi~ bi9li.ography i~ restricted to r~ports in Englieh b~c~use (1) mos~ wo~k on U.nited States coal iP. published in English; (2) a fair s&mpl~ of th~ trao~ element content of coal worldwide is summari~ed in the cited ~epprt~; qnd (3) with the excep~ion of a few key p~mmary reports~ informatiP~ in for~ig~ j~4rnals is too volu~inous for tnclusion in thi~ pibl!og~~phy,

Althou.gh the bibliog-raphy :1-t:i devote(\ mainly to :reports on t:t'ace ~lements, it in.cl~de~ a few Feports dealipg with wAjor ash constituents nn~ with coql g~ochemistry; it doe~ not include references to reports d~aling · ~xcl4aiv~ly with sulf4+ or chl-orine~ Most pf the cited reports contain ~pec;J,.f!li~~d bibliog:r~ph!e~,

1com~ile4 by ~aql Averitt, Joseph R. Hatch~ and Vernon E~ Swqpspp, Denve~, ColorqdO~ Irving A~ ' :ar~ger~ S~ Lynp. Coleman~ Jacl,t ll, M,edlin, qfl.d Peter Zu.povic~ Reston~ Virginia& anq »arold J~ Gluskoter, Illinois Geologica.! Survey, Urbanq, !ll-tnots.

1

Abel, l\.. H,~ and Rancttelli, L~ A .• 1975!t Major:r minor, and t:r~ce glement COfflpP~!iition of COq,l ana fly ash, l:l$ qetgrm:i,ned by ipstJ:UJn~nt~l. U~Utf'Qfl. activ~tion analysis~ (ChAp,] 10., in Babu, s .. r.~ ed~, Trac~ elements in f~el: Am, Chem~ Soc,, Advances i~ Chemistry Ser~ 141~ p, 118-138.,

Abe~nethy~ R. F,, a~d Gip~oq, F, H., 1963~ Rare elements in ooal; U,S~ aur, Mines Inf~ Ciro, 8163 1 69 p~

Ah~rn~thy~ &.. F,., GihsonJ F~ ij., and F<r~del."ic, w, H~, 1965~ fllaspl\Qr.u~, chlorine~ sodium 1 ?,nq pota,asiurn in U.,S, CQqla; V,S, ~yf, Minas ~~pt. lnv. 6579., 34 p!

Abetnethy, R· v., a.n~ Uattrnan., E, A,, 1970~ Colorimetric qe~~~mination of berylliu~ in coql; u,s~ Eur, Mines Rept, Inv~ 745~~ 8 p.

A'b~rnethy, R~ F,, Peterson., M~ J,, and Gibson. F. H, ~· l-969, Ma.jor ash con~tituents in u.s, coals; u~s~ Bur, Mines R~pt, ln.v. 7~40, 9 p.

~~--l969~ Sp~ct~och~micql analys~~ of ~oal a~h. tor tr~ce elements: V,S, :aut"~ Mine~ 1\~p- t: ~ lnv ~ 7 281 ~ 30 p,

A.lw.onq, Hy~ Crowe~ H, E;,~ ~qd Tqompson~ C~ E,, 1955- Rapid cl~t-.a.rmination of germani4m in poal~ s.otl~ ~nd rock: U,S , Geol Surv~y ~~ll, lQ36~B, p, 9.,..,17'

And.~en, A. W,~ Klein. O. R~, and Talmi, Yair, 1975, S~lenium in ca~l~fi+ed ste~m plant em!ssiona [Allen Plant, Memphis, !enn ~ J; ~nvironm~nt~l S~t~ and Technology, v~ 9, no, 9, p, 856~858,

Babu~ S, P., ed~, '1975. Trace elgmenta, in fuel: a symposium apon~or~4 ~Y th~ Division of Fuel Chell1i{3try q.t the 166th Jlle~ting of the ,Am, Che.m·, Soc.~~ Chicago~ Ill~, Augupt 30, 1973; Am, CheJll~ Soc~~ Adv~nces ~n Chemiqtry Ser, l41~ 216 p~ [Contains 15 articles, which ~re cit~4 separately in this bibliography,]

Bqldwin~ J~ S., 1975~ the vertical and lateral distribpt!on of trace clemepts in the Fir~ Clay coal seam near Hazard, Kent~cky ij Geo.l~ Soc, Americ~ Abs. with Pregra!lls, v, 7., no! 7., p. 986~987.

Ba~t~~ D, ~~~ 1975~ A survey of trace elements in North Pakota lignite and effluent streams from combustion and gasification facilit:f..e~H· Grand For~s. N Dak,, Eng, E~perirnent Station? Univ. N~ Dak., 64 P~

aaf'nes, J, H,. an4 Lapham, D. M,, 1972. S~lenium~-Penpsylvanig'p +~r~st mine~al?: Pennsylv~nia Geol, Survey, Pennsylvania Geology, v~ 3, no! 2, P~ 8-,.9.

Bartine, ~' I\., and Goldberg, ·t.:, D,, 1971~ Fos~il !4el cornl:n,lstion .and the rnqjp~ &edimentary cycle; Science, v, 173~ no, ~993~ ps 233~23~~

Billings. C. E., and Matson, w. R ~ , 1972, M~rcury emissions from coal combustion: Science~ v~ 176 1 no. 4040. p, 1232-1233.

2

:!31.-t:uminous Coal R~sea,:rch, lnc, 1 1974, The developm~nt of &:Palytioal methods for determtning trace elements in coal and Q03l~r~lat~d pradqct~; Monfoeville, Peqn~- Bituminous Coal Research, 350 Hochberg Rd,. [Rapt, no, 1], 91 p,

~~~1975~ Analytic&! methods for deter~ining mercury in coAl and coal min~ water; Honroevill~~ Penq., Bituminou~ Coal Repe~rch~ 3.50 HPchbetg ~d~, R~pt~ no, 2, 23 p.

Block!t Chantal~ anq Dam~, Rich.ard, 1975• I110t'gani,c compoqition af llelglan · coal anq coal ashes~ Environmental Sci! and Technology, v~ 9, po, 2,

P~ .l!l.p-150,

Boat', :BeLt, an4 lngrmn, L. K,, 1~70 11 The com.prehensiv~ lln&lysi~ of co&l ash and ~il!cate rocks by atomic absorption spect~qphotomet~y hy a fusion technique; The Analyst~ v, 95~ ~o, 1127~ p, 124~130~ ·

Uoho-r, B, F,, and Gluskoter, H. Jq 1973, Boron in :illi~e ~e an :.indicator of pal~o~alinity of Illinois coalsi, Jo~r. Sed, fetrolo~y, v, 43~ ~o~ 4, P• 945..,.956,

Bgl tOllt ~ ~ E" C;;n:.-1 t:~'f, J. A q Emery~ J. F H Feldm,an, C ~ , Fullc~raon" W. , Pulett, L, D.~ ~n~ Lyon~ W, S. , 1975~ Trace element mass ~~lance aro~nd ~ coal~fireq steam plant~ [Chap.] 13~ in Bab~, s~ P .. , eg,, Trac~ elements in fuel: Am~ Chem, Soc,, Advances in Chemistry Serr 141~ p, 175"187.

notton, N~ E,, fu1~~rsan~ W,, Van Hook~ R. I.t Lyon, W. S-~ Andr~n~ A. W,, Carter, J, A., Emary .~ Je Fq Feldm&n~ C. 11 Hulett~ L. D., Dun.n, H! W., Sparks, C, J,, Jr.~ Ogle~ J. C~, and Hills, M~ T,~ 1974~ Trgce ~t~ment m~asl .. U."ementa at the ooal-fired Allen steam plant [Melllphi~, ',fenn.~]; progress report Febrvary 1973-Jl.lly 1973t U,S, Atomic, En.ergy Cpmm,~ Oak Ridge Natl~ Lab,~ ORNL,..,NSF-EP-62~ 47 p,

Boltqn, N, e,~ Van Hpok~ a, le~ Fulkerson, W., Lyon, W~ S~, Andren,~, W,, Cprte~~ Je A./ and Ewery, J, F., 1973~ Trgce element me&SUf~m~nts ~t the coal~fired Allen steam pl~nt [Memphis~ Tenn.]; p~ogresg report Jun~ 1971-Januqry 1973~ U,~e Atomic Energy Comm~~ Oa~ Ri4ge N~tl, Lab,~ O~~L~~SF-EP-43~ 80 p!

Bowen:~ J:l, J, M. ~ 196'6, Trace elements in biochemistryi London artd New York~ Academic Press,~ 241 p,

aradford~ H, R •• 1957, Fluorine in western [U,S,] coals~ Min~ng ~nge 1 v, 9, no ! l , p . 7 8-) 'J ~

areger~ !, A,, 1958, . Geochemistry of coal; Econ~ Geology, v. 53~ no, 7~ p, 823;..,841,

l9.74 ~ The role of organic matter in the acc.umulfttion of trnaniunq The .,....,._,~~

organic geoche~istry of the coal-uranium assQc!ation~ +ntern~tf Atomic Energy ,Agency, IAEA-SM,..,l-83/29~ p. 99..,124~

3

Brege~, l, A,, Deul, Maurice, ~nd Meyrowit~~ Robert, 1955, G~och~mistr.y and mineralo~y of a uraniferous subbituminous coal [Wyo~]i Econ, Geology, v, 50~ no~ 6~ p, 610~624!

areger, l, A,~ P~ul, Mau~ic~, and ~4bin~tein~ ~amq~l, 1955, G~PGh~mi~t.ry and mineralogy of a uraniferous lignite [S. Pak!]; ~con~ Geology, v, 50, no~ 2~ p~ 206~226,

:arown~ Robart~ Jacobs, M~ t~~ and ',J:aylor, H~ E!, l-972, A surv€!y of tb~ most recent applications of spark soU,fce mass spectrometry; AID, Lab,, v~ 4, no. lt~ ~' 29~40,

auftPn, ~~ R,~ 1955 ~ Recent high grade "ran!feroqs li~ni~~ discov~riea in R&rdtn County~ South Uakota; U,S! Atomic Eqergy Comm~ Rept, RM~~l060, 13 p~

C~mer-on~ C~ C,, a~d Wright, N, A,~ 1974, Some peat bog~ in Wa~h~ngton Oountya Maine ....... t:heir formation and t'face ele'f!lent content: G~ol~ Boc~ A.meric,ti Ab~, with Programs, v~ 6. no. 7,. p, 679.

Cannon, a. t., a.nd Anderson~ B~ M, ~ 1972, Trace ele:ment content: of tht1 tiio~Cl-a and vegetation in the victnity of the Four Corners power plant; U,S, Pept. Interior· ~ Sou.t:hwest Energy Study, Coal Resources Work Group, App~ J~ Pt, 3, 44 p,

Cqnqoq~ ~. L,~ and Swanson, v~ E~, 1974, Contribueion of majpr ~nq minor elements tP soils and vegetation by the coal~fired Four Co~uers power pl~nt; Geol,, S-oc.. America Abs, with Programs., v" 6, no, 7~ p~ 679...,.680.

~~~1975, Contributions of major and minor element& to ~oi+a and vegetation. by the coal-fi~ed rour Corners Powe~ Plant~ San Juan ~ounty, New Mexi~ot u,s. Geol, Survey open~file repte 75-170~ 36 pP.

Capas, C. E ~, Mcllhinney, A~ E., Russell~ P~ S-~ and Sirianni, A, F,, 1974, R~jection Qf trace m~tals from ao~l d~rLng ben~ficiation by agglom~~ation: En~ironmenta1 Sci ~ and Technologyt v, 8, no ~ 1~ p, 35~38,

Carter~ J .. A~, Walker, R, L~t and Sites, J~ R!, 1975~ Trace !~pufiti~s in fqelp by isotope dilution mass spectrometry, [Chflp~] 7 11 ;f.n Babu, S, :r,, ad~ ~t Tface elements in fuel: Am. Chern! Soc, • Advances iq Chemit3 t:ry s~~~ l4l:t p, i 74" 8S~

Ca~agrande~ D, J,J and Erchull, Leo~ 1974, Organic geochemtstry of Okefenokee peq.ts~-trace metal distributions in selected waters~ plants ~nd peata: Geol, So~. Aine.rica Abliil ~ with Programs, v. 6, no, 7? p ~ 684..-:685,

Chadwick~ R. A,, Bennett~ C, M,~ and Woodriff, R! A., l974a rrace ~le~e~ts in ~~stern Mo11tana coal; Gaol, Soc. America ,Abs, with P:q:~grq.me.~ v~ 6, na~ 5, p. 432~433.

Cha4wick 1 R, A., ~ice, R~ c,, aennett, c, M,, and Woo4.riff~ R, A~, l975, S~lfur and trace elementa in the Rosebud and McKay ~oal seaw~~ Colstrip field, Montana, in Energy resources of Montana: Montanq Gaolw Sooe G"ide­book for 224 Ann~. ~ Field Con£~, p, 167~175,

4

Ch3dwick, R. A., Woodriff. R, A., Stone, R, w., and Bep~ett, c. M,, 197S, Late~al anq vertipal variations in ~ulfu~ and trace ~~~ment~ in coal~· Calatrip field, Montana, in Fort Union Coal Field aymposi~m; Montan~ Aoad, act, Proc~• v, 3, p~ 362-370~

Ch~§~, H. P., and Weich, R. E,, 1973, Mercury pollut!an~~hoax or ha~ard?r Eng. ~nd Min~ng Jour,, v. 174, no. 12, p, 96-98,

Chow, T, J,, and Ea~l, J, L., l970, Lead and uranium in renn~ylv&niau anth~~oite; Ghem, Geology, v, 6, no, 1, p. 43~49,

~~--1972, L~ad i~otopes in North American c~ala: $oienae, v, l76, no~ 4034, p, 510~511!

Clat>k, M~ C,, and Swaine, P, J., 1962, Trace el~manta in PPill [Pt~] 1, ~ew SotJth W~le& Poals' Commonwealth [of Austr.alia] Sci. and lnd, Research Organi~~tion [C ~ S,l~R,O~J~ Co~l Research Sea,, Te~h, Oommun, 45, 52 p.

Coleman, S, ~'' H~dt:ln, J~ H., ~eissn.er, C. R,. T)?ent, V, A,, Windolph, J, Fe, and Engluncl, ; K~ J., 1975, Environmental ~onsideratiop, pf t:h~ dist:fil:>uti.on of trac~ ~l~~~nts in selected low~~ulfur bituminpu$ coal ~nd ~fithracite be4~ of tha Appalachiaq pa~in; Geol, So~~ Ame.rtc~ AbQ, with ?~Pg~~m~~ v, 7, no! 7, · ~, 1032~1033.

ColumbP, Umb~~to, . and Hobson, G, P,, eda,, 1964, Advan.o~~ in o~$~ni~ gap~ ch§miatrya proce~d!ngs of the international meeting i~ Mil~n, 1~6~ [l~t ed,]; New York~ Macmillan Co~, 488 p, [S~~ e~p~ciijlly p, 97~108.]

Cor~y, R., c., Mye~s~ J, w,, Schwa~cz, c~ He, Gib~Qn, F, R .• and OP.l~~qa~ni, P, J., 1959~ . Occurrence gnd determinatiop. of get'mantlllll in P.Pill a~h ffo.m pow~~ plants~ U.S~ Bur, Nines Bull, 575, 68 P•

D~n.son, ~' M,. Bac~an, G. o. ~ Gill~ J, R,, HaiJ,.;. w. J,, Jr., K~pf~rl~~ R, C~ 3

Mapel~ W~ J ~ ~ M(ltatp::sky, Harold, Melin, R, E~" Moore, G. W, ~ :P:ip;i.J:":f.ngo~, G. N.! R~ad~ : G~ a.~ Schopf, J, M., Vine, J~ p,~ and Zeller, ij, n., 1959, UranitJill in coal in the western Unit;:ed States; U,S~ Gaol-~ Sl.tfVfeY Bull" 1055. 315 p ~ [ i _960] '

Denson, Ne M,, and Gill, J, R., 1956, Uranium-be.qring ltgnite &nd it~ ralat~on to vplcapic tuffq in ~&stern Montana and North and So4th Pa~ot,~, !n Pa~e, L,. Re , ' S"tocking 11 R, E., and Smith, H, B~, compi+~ra 1 l9.56, -.. -Contrihtl.tions 'tq the geol-ogy of uranium and thPr::it.un py the United S~at:~a Geological Burvey and Atomic Energy Co~ission for th.e Uni~ed ~attona International non!erence on Peaceful Uses of Atomic ~nargy~ GanevA~ Switzerlanq~ 1 l955~ U~S. Geol, Survey Prof. Paper 300~ p· .. " 41~~418,

' . '

D~ul, Maurice, and Annell, Cf S,, l956, The occur~ence of m!~P~ e.l~mentg in the aah of lbw"ran~ coal .from T~xas, Colora.Qo 3 North Dakota~ &nd So~th Da~otq.; · u.a i~ ~eol, Survey Bull~ 1036 .... H, P~ 155,...172.

Diehl, R, c,. Hattm~~' E, A.~ Schult~, a., a.n4 H~ren, Rt Je, 197~, fate of trace m~rcury 'in the ~omhuat!on of coal~ U,S. BqJ>~ Min~~ Te.c,h~ P:r.og. Rept;, 54, 9 p: ·

5

P+~h~r, G. B~~ &nd Schleiche~~ J, A., 1975, Trace ele.m~nta in coal by op~!cal emi~sion. spectroscopy, [Chap!] 3, in ~qbu, S, P~, ~d,. Trace elements in fuel: Am, Chern! Soc., Advances· in Chemistry Ser~ 141, p. 35~47i al~o Illinois Geol, Survey Repr. S~re 1975-F~

Environmijntal ~~ienca ~nq Technology, 1973, Stuqi~$ Qn trqc~ met~la; EnvirQn­mental act, anq Technology, v, 7, no~ 8, p, 684~6.86,

Fo~tescq~, ~.A, c,, 1954, G~pmani~m and other traGe ~lements in some w~~t~rn Canad,.;l.#;l,P. coals; Anl~ Mineralogist, v~ 39 11 po~~ 5'""6• p. ,510""'519.

FrAn.oia. Wilfriq~ 1961~ Co~l, its formation and COWPQ~ition [2~ ea,]i Lonqon, Edw~rrd Arnold (Publishers) Ltd~ 11 806 P• fS~~ asp~Pia11y Ql\q,.p, lO.]

froat~ J~ l<~~ Sq,n.toliquido, P~ !1,, Camp, L, R.,. an4 Ruch~ Re R,, 1975 8 Tt'tlae elements !n ca&l by neutron activation ana.l-y~is with t"adioeh~m:tcal P~par~t,ion.s~ [Ch&p,] a_ in Babu, S- P,, e4,, Trace element~ in fuel: Am, Chern. Soc, ·~ A.dvanpes----rn. Chemistt?y Ser. 141, p, 8'4.,..97; q,lRo :t:llinoia Geol, Sttrvey Repr~ aer« 1975,.H~ .

fuchs, Wa:lter, 1935~': llfl.re. elements in German hJ:own...,coi41 ash~~• ludus. a.nd ~n~, Chemistry, v~ 27• n.o~ 93 p. 1099~1100,

Gear, M~ a~~ Davts, F, T,, and Y~ncey~ H~ F,, 1944, Occ4rr~nce Qf pho~pharus in Washington coal and itp re~oval: Am. Inst, Mining Metall. Eng~neers Tr~ne~, v~ 157, p, 152~159; Discpss~on, p. 159~161~

Given, B! H .• Miller, R, N,, Suhr, ~~, and Sp&ckman, w,, 197~, M~jo~, mi.~or, a~4 trilcf;! ~l~menta in t:h~ liquid product and solid r~aiaue ;from ~atalyt~c hydrogenation of coals, [Chap~] 14~ in aabu. s. P~, ed,, '!'r~JH~ element~ in fuf3la Am., Chem~ Soc:., Advq,n,.ce~ in Chemistry Ser. 141, p~ 188 .... 191,

Gl3~~, G~ n~~ 1975 ~ Analyses and mea~ured s~ctions of 54 Wyoming coal aa~ples (Gollected i.n 1974); Wyu~ing Geo1, Survey Reptt lPv, 11, ~19 p!

Glu~kot:~n", H. J. • l975~ Min~rAl watter and trace element:~ ip, cpal, [Chap~] 1, in Babu! ~L ' Pe, ed, 1 Trace elements in fuel: Am~ (;hem. So~,, Adv&nces. in Chemistry Sere 141~ p. 1-22; also Illinois Geol~ Survey Rep:r! Se:t!', 1 Q 7 s~ E , ; : · · · · ·

Glus~ot:er, H~ J, Hatch" J. R,, and Lindahl, P, c., 1973~ Zinc in ~oaJ..f) Qf tb~ Illip.ois ;:Qasin: Geol, Soc~ America Abs, with Programs, v~ 5~ no~ i, p' 637' '

Gluakote:r~ H, J,, and Lindahl, P, c., 1973~ Cadmium--mode of occurrence in Illino!s coals~ Science, v~ 181, no, 4096, p. 264~266~ alPo Illi~oia Geol, Survey : Repr~ Ser, 1_973-J,

Gluskoter, H, J~, and Ruch, R, R,, 1971, Chlorina anp ~odium in lllinoi~ co~l~ as determtnad py neutron activat~on qnalyaea; Vu~l~ y, 50, p, 65~76,

6

Gqldichmi4t:, V, M •• l935 1 Rare elements in co;1l aaha~: ln4tJe~ and Eng8 ChemistrY;. v~ 2,7. no, 9, p, 1100 .... 1102~

~~~l9SO~ O~cvrrenc~ pf ~are elements in pqal Aijhe~~ !n B~ng,h~m, D, H,, ad~. Progl"ess in coal scien.ce, Voh1me 1; Lqndon, lnttatsci~ Pub~~, Ltd,, p, 236-247 ~

Guidoboni, R.. ~,, 1973 1 Pete~mination of traaa ~le@~nt& in cPal ~nd coal ASh by ~par~ source ma~s $peotrometry: Anal, Chern!~ v~ 45, no~ 7, p, 1~75~ 1277,

H~~Qimotoe Yoabik~zu, Hw&ng, J~ Y,, ~pd Y~~agi&awa~ 6abq~o~ ~970, PP~~ibl~ ~pu~ae of atmospheric pQllution of aelepiu~: Env!ronm~ntAl. aci~ and l~Phpology! v~ 4, ~Q, 2. p, 157-1588

R~wl~y~ J, E,, 1.955., G~rm~nium content of some Nov~ Scotian coals; Econ, G~ology, v. 50, no, 5, p, 517~532,

H~a4l.e~, A, J, W-. anQ. Hunter~ R, G,, 1951~ Germanium :f..n {:;oq.l~ of. We~t Vit"gini~: W~~t Virginia Geol~ Survey Rept~ lnv, 8, 15 p,

i

......,._,..,_,.,,........l9S3, Elements tn co~l a~h and their industrial s:f-grrtficfl.rtctn indus, qnd ~ng, Chemistry~ v, 45, no. 3, p, 548-551~

~~~19S5, The i~org&ntc alemen~s in coals~ Pt. 5 of Char~cte~tst!c~ pf min,ijble cQalE} of We~t Virgini.~: w~s. t V:irgiq:iet. Geol' SU'rVtJY R~p t ~ I

v, l3A, p. 36,.,.122~ , ,

Ht~th)';tQkl~f.1. 11 t. A~- con~ptl~r, 1ff1,5 • T:c~c~ el~ment~ in U, ~ ~ ~~il.l, J». f§ypt:het:ic fuels gat& hqpqboQk; · D~nver, Camer:on Enginee~s,. Inc,, p~ l44~l49,

Hobbs, P, v,, Rar~ison 1 H,~ and Robin~on. E •• 1974~ AtmQ~PP~~ip eff~cts of pollut~nts; Scte~o.e 1 v. 18~, no~ 4128, p. 909~915w

Hold,~wgr.th, E, c~~ l970, Mercury po1l~tion from coal combustion; tPndon, Chum. Age, v,· roo, p~ 9,

Hol!'ton~ L~ ~ and Auh'fe.y, IL Ve ~ !950, DistributiPP. of minor ~lementt;? itl th~ee vitrpin~ ~ trom the Ba+nsle.y sepm; LPndon. Sop, Chern~ Jndua~~Y Jou¥., v~ 69, suppl, t~ p. 54lm546.

l!qffm~~~ Claude, .11".,_~, Rahill, R, L. ~ Sl)a.w, V, E, ~ and Ngrt:on~ D~ R~, 19'72, Det~rmination pf ~ercury ~n geologic materialq by flamel~§S atomic absorption s~eotrometry, tn Geol. ~urvey R@aeQrch 1972; U,S, Geolm Survey Prof~ Faper 800-C! p, C203-C207,

Jo@n~uu, Ot I~, 1971, Fose!l fuels a.s ~ ~ource of mercury poll4tion~ pc~~nce, v, 172~ no~ 3987~ p, 1027~1028,

,·

Ka~ld-ne.n 11 J~ W~, &nd. : Jord~n, R, ~L, 1973 11 Fate ot trace m~tal.s i..n ll coal,. fired power plant, [near Boulder, Colo.]~ in Tra.nsport and ~he biological ~tf.~cts of molybdenum in the environm~q.t; Pept~ of Ch~m, Eng, ar1d Dept, of Civil and Environ~ ~ng.~ Univ. Colorado p~ogreq~ f~Pt~~ 3.75 P~ (~epecia,lly :p ~ 102 .... 1~7) , · ,

7 1 .

J{qa,kinep." J e W, ~ and Jorden, R, M,, 1973, Determ:l.na.t:ioll of a t:::race eleiilrnent m~ss. balance for~ coal~fired poweF plant [n~~r Boulder~ Coloe]i Presented at First Ann~al NSF Trace Element Contaminant~ Cpnferance, Oak·Ridge, Te.nne~ Aug~ 8~10~ 1973.

Ka&kin~n. J~ W~~ Jo+deu, R. M,, Lawasani, M! H,, and West~ R. E~, 1975~ Trace element behqvicr in ~oal~fire4 powe~ plant rnear Boulder. Cglo~l; Envil."onmental SPie and Technology, v, 9~ no~ 9;. P~ 66~~869,

KMlb, G~ W,, 1075~ Totnl mercury rnaMs b~lance qt R caal~ffred pow~~ plAnt, (Ghap~] 14~ in »abu~ S, P~, ed~~ Trace elemen~a in fuel; Am. Ch~m, Soc,, Ad,vancea in Chemistry Ser, 141, p, 154~174~

Kennedy, ~e J~~ Ruch• R~ R~~ Glu~kote~~ H, J~, a~d Shimp~ N, Fe 1 1971, Envi~onmental studie~ of mercury and other elements in ao~l ~nd lqk~ sediment~ as determin~d. by n~utron ~ativ~tion ~nqly~i~~ in ~ucl~~r methods in environmental rese&rch= Am. Nuclear Soc! Topic&! M.~~ting Pfoc,, Aug, 23~24, Univ~ M!ssoqri, p~ 205~215; also Jll~nois Geol~ Sur.vey Repr~ p~t-, ~972~0,

l<~fl~lar, T~,. Shat"key~ A~ G,, Jr. 11 and Friedel, ReA,~ 1973, Analyais of trace eleme~ts iu PO~l by ~park~sou~ce ma~s spectromet~y; u.a~ B~+~ Mines Rept. :,J:nv, 7714, 8 P~

lifaoh~ H~, BPllmann~ s,, ~nd Ottemann, Je~ 1968~ Cry~tal PhemiP91 A§pe~t~ of a-.;a~nic behavior in pit;uminous co~l firing in power plant~~ Nau~s Jahrb~ Hine'falogie Honatsh. 5, p! 129,..,140; Gheme Ab~tfR.Ctfl. v~ 68, l06692w,

Ki~il'sht~yn~ t, Ya,, 1965• Reasons fPf the v~r1able aanc~ntr~tion of g~rmqnium in: different pet;rogenic types of co&l; Akad, N~u~ Doklady, v! 157 ~ · p, 94,.,95 r in English], Rept; ~ in W€=!b~r ~ J ~ N. ~ comp:f..l-~f, 1973, Gaochemis.tr:y of germgnium~ S~rpudsb~rg, Penn,~ DQWU~n, RutchinsPn, and Ross, Benchmar~ paper~ in geology, v. 11~ p, 429~430,

Kleip,~ n~ H~, a.ndAn<:h::t!n~ A~ W,~ 1975, Tra.pe element 4ischarge~ fl?Ofll eoal co~b4stion for ppwer p~odqction~ pordrecht~ Hollapq, n. Reidel Pup, Co., Water~ Air~ an4 Soil Pollution~ Volume 5~ p~ 71-77,

ll~tn, n, H~~ And~eri~ A. W,, Garter~ J~ A,~ Emery, J, F,~ Feldman, Cyru~3 Fulkerson, William, Lyon. w~ S~, Ogle, J~ C,~ T~lmi, Ya!r, Van Hook, B,. I,~ and Bbltoq.~ Newell~ 1975~ Pathways of t:hirty,..,seven. t:;rpce el.ement:a through coal. .... fi'feQ pow~v pl.a.nt [Allen plant, Memphis~ Tenn.]; En.vri'rPU­mental Sci~ ~n4 Technology~ v, 9~ no~ 10, p, 973~979~

:Kuhn, J, K~, Harfst, W, r, an4 Sh:J..mp~ N~ F~, 1975~ K...,ffA)l fluorapcence _ &nalysiq of whole ~oal~ [Chap~] 6, in Babu~ s~ p., ede~ TfqCe @tewents in fuel: Am., Cheme Soc,, ·Advances in Chemistt:y Ser, 141 1 p, 66~73; al~9 Illino~s Geol, Survey Repr. Ser, 1975~G~

Leqtw~if\, F.·, and R~s.l~r I H~ J n 1956. Geochemical inve~tig~t:ton~ of Palt?O"" zoic;. and Me$o~oio cqals in central p.nd eas t:e:rn Germq,n:y; Vr~ib~t-"g~r For~ohungsh~ft Cl9_ 196 p.,; Chell\. J\bstrilcts~ v, 50, l7'J77~

Ltshmund, S. R,, compiler~ 1973, Fly ash: New SQqth Wales Geol, Survey-. The Miner~l Industry pf New South Wales, no. 47 9 32 p,

~ft~kPw~kY 3 M~ Th,~ 1968, Mineral ~att~r iP eo~l, in Murc~ieon, D, G., ~nd W~~t~ll 1 T. S,~ eda,, Co~l and coal~bearing sifA~a; New ¥Qrk, El~evier, p, ~09~321~

Magee~ Et M~ 3 H~ll, H. J~, and Va~ga~ G. M,. Jr~, 1973, Fot~n~ial pqllutanta in fossil fueis~ Liqden. N~ J., Esao Res~arch ang Enge Co,~ pAging vari~s; prepared for Office Qf Resea~ch and Monitoripg 9 ~,P,A~~ ErA~R2~73~249; ava~l~ble only f~om u~s. Dept, Comm~rce Natl, Tech, lut., Sevvtce, Sprinafield, Va,, 22161 1 as R~pt~ PB22SQ39.

~an~k~ya~ S, M._ anq Or.ozd.ova~ T, v., 1968~ Geochemistry of o~gani~ ~ubs~~nces.: Oxford, New Yqrk, Per~amoq P~~~s, lnC~~nat~ Ser. Mon. Earth S~i,, v, ~8, 347 p,

M~u~h, Te H,, Il, 1973• Trace elem~nt:$""""a. growing app-reciatiPll of. their effec~a on man; SAienc~, v~ 181, no~ 4096, p, 253~254ft

Me4lill, J, U,, Golema,,'n~t S~ . Le~ Ep~lund, 1\. J~" and Hq.ffman, C,, J'f,, l975, lnorgan!c geochemistry of low-. to medium,...s\.llfu.f coal ped,a sf..n ~gut;:h..,

Weijte:r:n, Virgirria...,sout:hea~tern we~t Virginia [abs!] ~ Am~ G~ophya ~ Union !ran~~~ y, 56~ noft 6, p, 458,

Medlin, J, H, ~ Colem&n 3 S~ 1, 11 Wood~ G, ft.~ Jr. 11 flnd R~it:, N, ~ 1975 3

D:tffet'enc.eEi in rnino~ and trace ~lement geochemit:atry of antllt'aAit:e :t.n the. AppalaPhian baein: Geol, Soc, America Ab@. with P~Pgr~m~, v. 7, no , 7 • p , 11 ~ s:.

Men.c:t~~h R, V., P..nd. Van Trump~ George, Jt"., 197 5 ~ Unevalu~t:ed an~lytica.l 4FJ.ta f~~m Roa~bud ~nd ~ighorn Counties., Montana; U~S, Geol, Survey open~ file l."ep.t:., 7~.5,.,167 8 42 p ~ [I nell-Ides analyse~ of about 65 ~o~f S,P.!llpl~f:.J =]

M!lli~d~ H~ T ,~ and Swanson~ V, E,~ 1975, Neutron a~tivation aualy~~S, pf coals using instrumental techniques [abs.]~ in Prelim~ rrogram, Amp Nual~a.r Soc~, Ann, Mtge~ New Orleans~ ~a~~ June-8-13, 1975; Nucleaf News, v. 18, no~ fr. p~ 35 ,

Nilleri R, L.. ~, and Gill, J ~ R, ~ l-954, Uranium from CQtll;. S~;J., Ame:J:'i.can, v~ 191~ no, 4 • fh 36\...3'9,

MLl,.le:J:, W~ G, 11 1974~· Relationships between minerals tln~ f:3elect@d chemical element& in &orne Pennsylvanian aged coq,ls o"f n.orthwes.t~rn lllinpis; Geol~ Soc, America Abs~ with Programs, v, 6, no. 7, p~ 871,

Muter, R, a,, and: Coclrrell, c, F~ ~ 1969, The an&ly&is of soditun~ potaasium~ Cqlc;i,.um, anct magnesium ;in· ~iliceou~ coal ash and r~la ted PlQ. t;::e'f:J.q,l~ by ato111:ic ab~orption &pectroscopy; Appl. Spectroscopy~ v, 23~ nP~ 5~ p ~ 493-:r496 ~ '

t1.»t~r, R, B,, and Ni~e, L~ lH ~ 1975, Major and minor co11st!tuenta !n siliceous materials by atomic absorption spectroscopy, [Chap,] 5, in Bab1.1~ S~ P~~ ed,, Trace elementp in fuel; Am~ Cham. Sqc~, A4van~ee in Chemi~f~y Ser ~ .,l41~ p, 57~6.5,

9

Natusch. D, F! s., Wall&ce, J. R~, and Evans~ C, A!, Jr,? 1974, To~tc t~ae@ element.~--prefe~ential co~centrat!on in r~~pirahle particles: Spiencij, V3 183, pa. 4121, p~ ~02-204.

N~choll~~ Gs D,~ 1968~ The geochemistry of coql-bearing strat~, tn MU.fAhi~on, P .. c., and We~to~l. T~ s~. eds~~ Coal and coal~bearing strnta: New . Yofkt Elsevie~~ p, 2.69~307,

Nq:rth~l.!'n Gr~~t Pl..ain~ R~H~oqrc.~ Program 1 1974 ~ Co,;1l ch~m:is try • in M.;J.n~t: .ql, Resources WQrk Group Rept el Penver:~ co,, No~ther~ Grea~ ·rlai.n~ Repource Progra~, Rm. 690~ Bldg~ 67- Denver Federal Center, p, 52~83, {aection by Ve Es Swanson. Claude Huffman. Jr.~ and J~ O, Rawilton,]

Ode, W, H,, 1963. Co&l analyst~ and mineral maeter, in Lowry~ He U,, @d., Chemi~try of coql utili~ation, supplem~ntq+Y vol4m~; ~ew York, Johp Wiley ~nq Sons, lnc~~ p~ 202~2.31~

O'GormaJ.h J, V,, ~h.1hr 11 N, fl., and Walker, P~ L., Jr., 1972~ The d~tet:'min~t:ion of m~rc4ry i~ som~ Amerio~n ~oals; Appl. Speotroscopy, Ve 26, no, ~~ p~ 44 .... 48 • .

O'Gor~an, J~ V,, ~nd Walker, P. L. , Jr,. 1972~ Mineral matter and t~a~e ~l.ement& in U,S~ coala; Office of Coal Resea~ch, U!S~ Dept~ Interior, ReS.ear:~h an4 Developm~nt Rep~ e no~ 61~ Int~ri~ R~pt.~ no~ g, 184 p. [G,F.O~ Catalog I63,10;6l/lnt~ ~~]

Ondov, J, M,, Zoller, W~ H,, Olm~~, Ilhan, Aras~ N. K.ll Gordon, G, E., Rancitelli~ L, A •• Abel, Ke H,.~ Filby, R. H., Shan~~.~,, and Rqg&in.i 1 R, C,, 1975, Elemental concentrations in ~he li~t:ional :BuJ"e~tl of St~ndards' Environmental Coal and Fly ~sh Standa~d ~eferen~e MateTialai Aq~l, Chem,, v~ 47, no~ 7, p, 1102~1109,

O'N~il, R~ 1~, anq Suhr, N, ~·~ l960p P~~ermination of trace ~lem~nt~ iP lignite ~~h~s ~ Appl, Spectroa~opy, v~ 14, no~ 2, p~ 45-50,

Ong~ H~ L~, and Swan~on~ v~ E. 3 1966, Adsorption of ~opper by peat~ l!gn!t~, anq hitumip.o'4.a co&i; Ecm1 ~ Geology, v, 61~ no~ 7~ · Pe 1214....,12~1,

P~t0~~oq 1 M~ Je~ ~nd Z!nk 1 J, a~, 1964~ A semiquantit~~iv~ ~p~ct~och~wic~l method for ~nalyaiEi of coal ash: u~s. Bur~ f1ipes Rept~ lnv, 6496~ 15 p, '

Phillipa,, M! A.~ 1973, Investigations into levels of both airborne b~ry!lium and beryllium in coal at the »ayden Power Plant pear Hayden, Colorado; En:vi'fOnfllen tal Letters, v, 5 ~ no e 3 11 p, 183 ... 188,

Pillay~ K, K, Se, Thomas, C~ Cp~ Jr!, aPd Kaminski, JeW., 1969, Neu.~ron activation an~analysis of the selenium content of fossil fu.~ls; Nuclear Applications HPd Technology. v. 7, no, 5, Pe 478~483,

Piperno, Elliott. l975, T+ilC~ ~lement emi~ia~ioqp- .... aapects of anvit:onmentCll to~icology~ [Chap,] 15~ !n Babu, 8, P., ed., Tra.ce elem~nts in f~~l; Am, Cham. Soc~~ Advances in Chemistry Ser. 141, p~ 192 ... 209,

10

Pollopk, E, N~, 1975~ Trqce impurities in coal by wet chemic~l meth~dti, [ChHp,] 4. in Bahu, S. P,, ed.~ Trace elements in fuel; Am, Chem, Soc&, Aqva.nce~ in Chemistry Ser~ 141, p. 23~34~

Prai~d. N, Kt, 1972 9 Detarminqtidn of varipus inorganic ~on~tituents of coal, with speoial refer~nc~ to iron, ~lum.inum~ t+t:ani»m~ and P.lkalie~: Chemistry aud Industry~ 1972, no, 2~ p, 81~84,

Radian CQl"pPrat::ion, l975~ Coal fifed power plant trace element f3tudy; Volume 1, a three atation ~omparison: Denver, Colo., UftS, ~nvironrnentijl Protection Agency und~r ErA Con~ract 68~01~26&3, 76 p~

-----~~ .1975, Coal fired power plant :~race element ~tudy, Voi~m~ ~~ Station I, L~~ It!; Denver? Colo~, U,S, Environmental Protection Ageqpy unaer EPA Cont~act 68~01~2663~ 266 p,

R~O.~ P, n~~ 1968, Pist:rihu,t:ion ot: certain minor f:'llement:s ;in, AlASkfin coals1 Al~~k~ Univ, Mineral Industry Research Lab~ Rept, 15~ 47 p,

Ratyq~kiy, v~ ~., : Send4l'skayq, T, L,. and Shp:irt~ M, Y&~~ l966- Ch:i~f mode Ot entry of germanium into coal: ~kad~ Nauk ssaR Po~lady, v, 170~ P& 218~22~ [in English]$ Rep~,, in Web~r~ J, N,~ compilef• 1973, G~och~mi~t~y of ge~manium; Stroudsburg~ Penn ~ ~ Dowden, HutchinsQn ~nd J\paa, Benchma:rk, :Papers in Geology~ v ~ 11, p, 426~428.

R@ynold.~~ v. M,, 1948, The occurrf:3nce of vanadium. c.hrolllium~ ~nq Pth~r. minor qnus4al elements in certain coal~: London, Soc~ Chern, ln4u~try Jpu~,~ v. &1? p, 341~345,

Rook, H~ L., Lafleur, P, n.~ and Gills, Te E,, 1972? Mercury in conl:, A new standard :reference material: Environmental Let:t:ers, v. ~., nG, 4, P~ 195 .... 204,

}loa,l~t, H, Jq and ~ Lange,. H, 11 1972, G~ochemical t&bles; New York" E1!3~Vif;t' 11 468 P e

R4ch~ R. R , ~~ Gluskoter? H~ J. 1 and Kennedy ~ E. J," 1971, M'ercury contetlt of Illinoie coals~ Illinois Geol. Survey Environmental Geology Not~s, no , 43 ~ 15 p :. .

Ru~h, Re R,~ Gluskot~r, ij, J,~ and Shimp, N, F., 1974 1 QccurrenP~ and dis~fiPution of potentially volatile trace elements in coal"'""a final report; Illinois State Geol! Su~vey EuvirQpmental Geology Notes~ no~ 72~ 96, p~

aeh~n~, P, A.~ an& Havenaar, I-~ 1970~ Advances in organic geochemiPtry 1968; Proceeclings of the 4t:4 International Meeting on Organic Geochemi~try, AinEiterqam, Sept. 16-18" 1968: New York~ Pergamon Prf;ss, 617 pe

Schleicher • 'J ~ A ~ ' ~ 1959, Germ~ni11m in Kan€Hls coal a~ K!lns~s Geol ~ Survey Hull, 1~4~ pt. 4~ pJ 163-179,

Schlesinger 3 X~ D,, and Schult~, l:lymap.l? 1972, A.n ~valllation of m~thods for de~ecting m~roury in some U~S~ coals: u~s, Bur~ Mip~s Rept! Inv. 7609~ ll p.

ll

SCQYlt~, flyman, Hattman, E, A., and ~o~h~r, W, B,, 1975~ The fat~ of SQme tr~ca · elements du~!n~ coal prat~~~tment and combp~~!on, [Ch&pe] ll, in ~P.:hu, S, P~, e4~. Trace el~ments in tueli Am~ Ch~m, ~OP-" 11 Advan~@a 1i Chami~try ~e~. 141, p. 139~153~

Selvig, W, A!, &UQ Gibson, F, U,, 1956, AnAlyses of a~h frQm Untte4 atatea CQal~ [2d ed.,]; U.S, Bur, Mines aull. 567, 33 p,

Sha~klQtte, IL T,, 1970, Mercury pontent; pf pla.nt:a, in M.erpury tn th~ ~nvir!I'I'J onmtHlt l U, S, Geo~, Survey :rrof ~ l;lape:t; 71.3 ~ p, 35 .... 36. ..

Shc:rrkeyl! A, G,, Jr., Kess~er, T!, and Friedel, R, A., 1975, !race elementij in coal dust by ap~r~~squrce mass spectromatFy. [Chap~] 4 11 in Habu, S, P!~ ~d~, Trace e!emen~s in fuel; Am! Ghem~ poe,. hdvan.Q~s in Chemi~try Ser, · 141. P~ 48-56!

Sh~tbl~y, D, W,~ l975, Trace elements py instr:~me.~ta.l neu.tfPP ~pti.Vqtton analysia foJ: pollution monitoring~ [Chap ,] 9~ in Ba.bu, s. P~, ed,, Tr&ce elem~nts in fqel; Am~ Cherne Soc., A.~va.~c~s in C4emistry Ser, 141~ p~ 98~117 . .

Sofiyev, L~ Se. Gorlenko, K, A., and SemaPheva, I, N~, 1964, Th~ n~tuf~ pf bondi&g of germanium in ~oal; Geochemistry Itleerna.t:ional, l~ p, 29'7··<300 [in English]. Repr, in Weber, J~ N., compiler. 1973, OeoahawiPt~y of germanium; Strou4sburg, Penn., Dowden, »utchinaon~ and Ro~~~ Benchmark Papers in Geology,. v., 11, P~ 431-4~4~ ·

Sondre~l~ E, A,, Kube, W, R~, and Elder, J, L-~ 1968. Analysiij pf the Northe~n Great Plains Province lignites and their ash~ a. ~tudy of Vqfiability: u,s~ Bur. ~ines Rept~ Inv. 7158, 94 p,

Stndni.chan~o~ Ta.isifl~ MurfJ.ta, IC J~. , and A.~elrod, J~ Mt 3 19.50~ Get'm~niferous lignite f~om the Qistri~t of Columbi~ and vi.~inity ; Scien~e, v, !12, no~ 2900, p. 109,

~tadnich~nko _ Taisia ~ Murata, ~' J., Zubovic • Peter, aqd, Hufscl:untdt, :J!; ~ L., 1953~ Concentration of germanium in the ash of American coal&, P p~ogr~~s report: U~S, Geol~ Survey Circ~ 272, 34 p~

Stadni~henko, Taisia~ Zuhovic, Pe~er. anq Sheffey~ N, B~, 19&1, Beryllium content of Ame~ican coalsi U,S. Geol~ Survey Eull~ 1084~K~ p, ~5l"295~

Sun, 6. C~~ Vasque~~Rosas~ U., and Augenstein~ D , ~ 1971, Pennsylv&nia anthracite r.efus~, a literature survey on chemical elements in coa~ and coal refuse: Pennsylvania Dept. Environmeqta.l Respurce~, Special Research Rept8 SR~83, 7~ ·P~

Swanson, V, E. 11 1972 1 Compps:ition and trac~~element content of coal and power plant ash; u.s., Pept, Interior, Southwest Energy Study 3 Coal R~~ources Wo~k Group, App~ J, Pt. 2, 61 P~

12

Swaason~ v~ E~~ and Vtne, J, D,, 1972, Composition of eoa1 3 ~outhwest~fn Unitect States; Geol~ Soc, Amer!ca Ahs, with Pt:og'P'lma, v, 4,. n.o. 7, p. 683-684,

S~ilagyt, Maria, :t-971~ The role o;f organic mqte:r::tal in the di~t+ibutiop qf Ma, v, ~nd 01:' in coal f:Lelas: econ. Geology~ v. 6Q~ no~ 1~ p, l.07!J"'1l078,

Thorn~&. ;tosaphu.s, Jt:', I anti Glu!ilkate:rr. H~ J.' 1974, Peterm:t.p.at;i(:U'\ pf fl40ti:f.da ~n coal with the flpo~ide ion~~elective el~ctrode; Anal, Ch~mis~ry~ v, 462 not 9, P~ 1321~1323; al~o Illinois Geol. Survey Rep~, Ser~ l974~0e

Tk&ch, U, l!, 1974, On tha tale of orga~ic matter in Qonpentr~tion of mercury; G~ochem!&t~y International, v, 11, no~ 5, p, 973-975~ t~~ns, f~qm. G~okhimiyq, l974, no. 9, p, 1410~1412~

Tupp~r~ W, M!, and Loring. Dft ij,, 1961, A ~hort nate on the rel~t~ve ~h~ndanc~ of rubidium and st~pntium in vitrain ashes from poqls in Nova Scotia; Geoc4im~ et Co~mochim~ Acta, v~ 24, nos~ 3~4, p, 314~315,

U,S, aur~au of Land ~anagemept, 197 5 ~ Trac~ elements, in Otter Creek ~tvay a+ta~ Otter Creek Co~lfielp~ [Powde~ Riv~r County] Montanas R~~o~roe anq potential ~eclamation eval uation: [Denver~ Colo~] U,~~ Bure Lqnd Wanagement EMRIA Rept~ 1~ p ~ 61~79,

__.....~.,_.,.1975, Trace elements, ifl. Hanna l3asin study site [Carboq County] · Wyomin~; Res.ource and potentipl reclamation ~valuption: [Denver, Colo,]

U,S, Bur , La.uq ~anagement EMRIA Rept, 2~ P~ 48~59.

--~~1975. Composition [of. ~oal]~ in Alton stud,y ~ite~ Alton Coal Fiela, K&ne County~ Utah; R~source and potential reclamation evaluatton; [Denve~, Goloe] U.S, BuT, Land Management EMRIA Rept , 4~ p~ 75~82,

u.s. Geological Survey, and Montana Bur~au of Mines and Geology~ l973~ p~~liminary report of co~l drill-hole data and chemical analyses gf ca~l b~ds in Sheridan and Campbell Countieq~ Wyoming, and Btg fto~n CQunty, Montana; u.s~ Geol. Survey open~file rept !~ 57 p,

~~--1974, P~eliminary report of coal drill~hale dat9 ~nd ch§mi~al ~na~ys~s of coal beds in Campbell County, Wyoming: u~s~ Geol ~ Survey open~file rapt. 74-97, 247 p"

u,a, Natiopal B4f~~u of ptandatds, 1972, Trace mercury in coal; Natl~ Bur, Standards 1 Standard Referepce t-tat.erial SRM 1630 ~ (50 g fin~ly powdered bituminous cPal provisionally certified to contain O.lJ part$ per million mer:cury by weight, price $45.00~ Office of Standard Referep.o.e Materials, Rm~ B311, Chemistr;y l31dg~ 11 National Burea.ll of St:~ndards, Washington~ D~C,, 20234~)·

197 4, Trace elements in coal; Na tl ~ Bur, S tand~rds ~ 8 tandat'd ~~f ~ffiUlC~ ___.,.,............,.,---

.. Material SaM l632e (75 g finely powdered and blended pitumin04§ coal used by 5 electric generating plants certified as ~o content of l4 tra~e elementq, and value~ for 7 additional elements ~re givQn for ipfo~mation only 1 price $73~00. Office of Standard Refe~ence Matert.ala, am~ B3ll, Chemistry Bld.g,~ Nati,anal Bureau of Standards, Washington~ P~C8 20~~4 ~)

13

U,S, Nation&l au.~aau of Standards, 1974, TTace elem~nts in coal fly ash; N~tl, Bu~~ Stan4&rds. Stan4ard Reference Materiql SRM ~633, (75 g fillel.y PQWder~Q. a.nd blended fly a~h from sevar,al [5 oJ; 6] el~c.t:tic ge.nerat~n.g plaqts ce.r.tif~ed as tP contea~ at l2 trpc~ ~lem~nt~ 3 And val~es for 7 adattion&l ~lem.e~ts are give~ far ipformation only, pripe $73,00. Office of Standard Reference Materi~ls, R.In. B311~ Oh~mi~~ry Bldg~, Nqtionql Bureg4 of ~tandard~, Washington~ D~C, 20234,)

Va~Krevelen, D~ W~, l963, Geochemistry of coal, Ch&.p, 6, ip B~~ger~ l, A~, ~d-~ Organic geoc~emistry; New York, Macmillan, Internat, Ser. Man, E~rth Sci.,, y, 16~ p~ 183-247.

Vi~~, J. n,, l962, Geology of ~ranium in. coaly c~~~PPaC~04§ rop,ks' u.~. G~Ql!l Su.rvey Prof, Paper 356.,..,0~ p, 113~170~

Wallac.~, R, A~, F~Lkerson, William, Shult~. W. n .. , and Lyon, W, S,, l97l, Marcu~y in the environment--the human element: u.s, Atomic ~nergy Comm,~ Oak Ridge Natle Lab~~ ORNL-NSF~EP~l, 61 p~ [See ~~peci~lly p t 9, 53']

W&tt. J, n,. 1968~ ~he occurrence., P~!gin, identity, distri~utiop, and ~~t!,m~tion of the min~ral species in British coals, Pt. l of The physical and · chemical behaviour of the mineral matter in coal und~f the c.anQ.itions met in combustion plant; Leatherhead, Surr~Y, ~ngl~nd, Br~tish Coal Utili~ation Research Assoc., 102 p~

Weav~r, J~ ~'' 1973 1 Detarminatipn of me~cury and seleqium iP coal by n~utron activation analy~is~ Anal~ Chemistry, v, 45, no, ll, Pe 1950~1952.

Wedepohl, K, H,, ad.~, 1969, Handbook of geochemi~try. Volume lt aerl~n and New York, Springe~~Verlag, 442 p.; ~~viewed in £,coq, G~ology~ v, 66 1 no~ 8~ p, 1350,

~~~1969~ Rapdbook of g~Qcham!stry, Volum~ 2f He~lin &nd New York~ Springe~~Verlag~ lopael~af~

Wood~ J, M,, 1974, ltiologio~l cycles fot.' toxic alE;nn~Pf:a in tht.l ~nvi'forun~nt: Science, v, 183. no. 4129, p, 1049Ml052:

ZtlbermtPt~, Ve A,, 1935, On the occ4rfanoe of vana,d!um i~ foaail co~l; Aka4~ Nauk SSSR Dok.l~dy~ N,S~~ v~ 3~ no~ 3, p, 117~120~ [ln Engl.i§h,J

Z!lbermint~, v~ A., anq RQsa~ov, Ae K,, 1936 3 Th~ ~ccurreqoe qf ~eryll!um. in fo~ail coals; Akad. N&uk SSSR Doklady~ v, 2,~ no~ 1~ p~ 27~~1, {In ~ngliah,]

Z~bqvi~~ r~ter~ 196611 PhyaicocheiJliCfll prpperties of pertain m:j.nor ele{lleritp . aa cQqtrolli'ng f&ct:Ol"p in their distributioq in coal, [Cqgp,] 13~ in Gea-1.ld 1 R, F, ~ eq,, Coal ~cience; Am. Chern,, Soc,~· A4VfillC~I? ;J.p Ch~~il3 try Se~, ~5a p, 211-231,

__....,..,.__1966, Minor el~ment distribution in coal a;:lnrples of the Int:erio-r Coal Province, [Chap~] 14, tn Gould, R~ F~, ~d.~ Coal science; Am. Ch~m, Soc!! A-dvances in Chem{st-ry pere 55, p~ 232-247,

14

Zubovic~ Pet:et', Sheffey, N~ B,, ancl Stadniehenko, Ta:J,.siA, l967, Oi~t;l'!bution of min.o~ elements in ~orne eo~l~ in the western and southw~~tern region~ of the Int~rior coal province: U~S, Geol, ~utvey Pull. l117~P, 33 p,

Zubovi~~ P~te~, Stadntch~n~o, T~i~ia, an4 Sheffey,~. R,, 1960, R~l~t1Qn pf th@ mi9-or element content p:f coal to possihl@ source J."ock.a ~- in Sho~t pap~r~ in the geolog1col ~~iencea; u.s, Geol, Sutvey Prpf. ~ape~ 400-B~ p, B82-n84~

.....,...........,...,..._1960 ~ The p.qsootntion of sotne minor element~ w~th Pligarrio and ipo-rganic. ·· phas~s of poal, in Short papers in t4a geological ~ci~nce~; u.s,

Geot, Survey ~rof, raper 400~B 3 p~ B84~B87~

~......,.,--....... 1960• Compar~t::tvf.3 abundance of the minor elemeqt;~ in coal~ ffPlll d!ffer~nt part~ of the United States, in aho~t pape~s in the g~ologicAl sct~nce~i U,S~ Geole Survey P~of~ P~pe~400~B, p, B87~B88,

..,.._...,..,.,...,..,~196l, ChemicC-ll baai~ of winot?l"'"eleJU@nt a.ssooiAtion~ in coal a,.qa other c&tbonaceous s~qimen.ta, in Short papers in the g~ologic and hydfologic sciano~s; U, S, Geol, Surv~y Prof ·, Pape~ 424""'0, ·P , D345-Jll48 ~ ~

,.,...,.,......,......,.. ........ 1961, Geochemis.t:-ry of minor el~me.tlts in coAls of th€l Ncrrth~:rn G:rf!a t: · Plain~ coal province; u.s. Ge,pl, Survey Bull, lll7-A. 58 p.

~~~1964~ Dist~ibution of minor elements in coal b~qs qf the Eaatern tnter:iof ~egion: U.S, Geol. Survey Bull, lll7~B~ 41 P~

.......,...,~__,1966, Diatribut:!on of minor elementa ill coalEi of th~ APpAlaAh::f..an region; U,S, Gaol, Su~vey Bull. lll7~C, 37 Pe

15

1-" ~

Milligram

Percen~ percent

{mg]lOOg}

100

10-------------------1.-------·-------..o.. '"1---------~--100-----

.01--------------- 1n--­

. 0·01-------------- 1 .... -----­

. '0001------------- ,.1------

" oooo1~------------- . n1----­.ooooo1------------ .DOl--­'" ODOOOOl·----- .. OOOl---

~Gra:nl's

per

gra111

GEOCH~ICAL CONVERSION FACTORS

Parts per milliaa {ppm)

Mi.cr ogr ams per gr.am { pg/ .g)

Milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg)

Milligrams per liter !I (mg/1)

1.,{}0:0.,000 -1

1 X 10 ------ 100.,00()

1 X 10-2

-----------

1 ~ lD-l --·--~· -4

1 X 10 ------·---

10,000

1,000

100

J>arts per bill·i ,on (ppb)

.Nanograms per gram {na/g}

Micrograms per kilogram {1Jg/kg)

-u. l . l/ ( /1' .L"-11crogralDS per , .1ter - · llg · 7

1 X lD-5

----------1 :x 10-£ ----------

1n ----------------------------- 1o,ooo

1 :X: 10-.7 ------------ '8

1 X 10 ------------ ·9

1 X 10 -----------

1.------------------------ l~OOD

.1---------------------­~0l--------------------------­. '001------------· ~-----

lOD

10

1

l/ A .. "T'T 1"...:!1 "" d ... :L. 1 .:.:1 11 ·~ • f 1. ~ ..ll - :ppr,O'KJ.ma!:e.. :va ..Lu:t'ty ; -ecreases 'Wl.'t~I ~nc·reas.eu sa.:L:tnl.t:y ;o 1tg_U.u..t ..

Smaller suhdivi<Sions .of '1 :gram

:1 x 1::0_, = 1 1:1,g = l~Onm t>Lt:,ograms (pg)

l "]-o-12 1. ·1 n·~ .r- {f ) -x L : = . -pg = · ., _ · vu ~~o:grams · ·· IS.' . 45 . .

1 '% ro -= 1 f:g = 1~ '006 a't1:·ograms (a'E) -l'B

1 x lD -= i a-g