The United States Legal System Sources of Laws. The history of Laws influencing the United States.
United States Legal System
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Transcript of United States Legal System
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United States Legal System
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Three Branches of Government
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Multiple Sovereignties
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United States Legal System
Constitution
Sources of Law-Federal and State
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United States Legal System
Constitution
Judicial
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United States Legal System
Constitution
Legislative
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United States Legal System
Constitution
Executive
Executive
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United States Legal System
Constitution
Judicial
Case Law
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United States Legal System
Constitution
Legislative
StatutesPublic Laws
Public Laws
U.S.C.Statutes
Indiana CodeActs
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United States Legal System
Constitution
Executive
ProclamationsAdministrative Decisions
Executive Orders
Rules and Regulations
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Primary and Secondary Authority
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Primary Authority
• Primary authority is the law itself.– Constitutions– Statutes– Administrative regulations issued pursuant to
enabling legislation – Case law
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Secondary Authority
• Secondary Authority is all legal materials that are not primary authority or finding aids. Secondary authority includes -encyclopedias
-law reviews -treatises -ALR
• Secondary authority is never binding on a court.
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Court System
Final Appellate Court
Intermediate Appellate Court
Trial Court
Law
Fact & Law
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Path of a Court Case
• Trial Court– complaint, indictment, information– pre-trial activities– trial– decision
• Intermediate Appellate Court– Briefs– Argument– Decision
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Path of a Court Case
• Highest CourtBriefsArgumentsDecision
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Mandatory vs. Persuasive Authority
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MANDATORY• Authority that a court MUST follow• Typically, a higher court in the jurisdiction.
Example: – All IN trial courts must follow the IN Supreme Court
and the IN Court of Appeals – IN Court of Appeals must follow IN Supreme Court
• On U.S. Constitutional matters only, even state courts must follow US Supreme Court
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Mandatory
Indiana Supreme Court
Indiana Court of Appeals
Kentucky Supreme Court
Kentucky Court of Appeals
Kentucky District Court
Indiana Trial Court
US Supreme CourtRegarding
Constitutional Matters
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PERSUASIVE• Authority which carries some
weight but is not binding or mandatory.
• Can be primary or secondary authority.– Based on opinion of sister court (primary-
persuasive) OR– Legal scholar (secondary- persuasive)
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PersuasiveKentucky Supreme Court
Kentucky Court of Appeals
Indiana Supreme Court
Indiana Court of Appeals
Indiana Trial Court
Kentucky Trial Courts
US Supreme Court
US Court of Appeals
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Review• The Constitution is the supreme law of its
jurisdiction and 51 major jurisdictions in the U.S.• Three branches of government in each
jurisdiction - Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Each branch produces legal materials.
• Primary Authority and Secondary Authority• The court systems of the United States and of
each of the states.• Mandatory and persuasive authority