• United States, Britain, and France remain democratic• Millions turn to a new system of government

fascism• restore economy• punish those responsible for hard times• revive national pride• remain loyal to the state and leaders

• People who liked fascism were bothered by peace treaties and the Great Depression

• Nationalism- wore uniforms- special salutes- mass rallies

Nations must struggle in order to stay strong

FASCISM• believed each social class had own functions• Nationalists

COMMUNISM• dictatorship of working class (classless)• internationalists

SIMILARITIES• dictators rule• individual rights suffered• state was supreme • no democracy

• 1919 Paris Peace Conference• Rising population, decreasing # of jobs• Fear of a communist revolution

Promises: - strong leadership - improvement in government - more powerful army

Founded the Fascist Party in 1919- not popular at first, but later gains support from the middle classes, the aristocracy, & industrial leaders

Oct. 1922 30,000 Fascists march into Rome- Demand Mussolini to be in charge of the gov’t- King Victor Emmanuel III let Mussolini take over

Il Duce “leader”

- Demolishes democracy & all other political parties - Fascism; similar to totalitarianism

Radio stations & publications could only broadcast or publish Fascist workSecret police jailed “non-believers”

- Italy is a role model for Facists in other countries- Mussolini never gained as much power as Stalin or Hitler

Hitler’s rise to power

• WW1-served 4 years.• Injured and almost killed

several times.• Awarded Iron Cross two

times for bravery.• Blames insurrecting

Jews and communists for Germany’s surrender.

http://rexcurry.net/socialism/Ger/Ger25.JPG

HITLERBECAMECHANCELLOR

THE REICHSTAGFIRE

THEENABLING

ACT

THE NIGHTOF THELONG

KNIVES

DEATH OFPRESIDENT

HINDENBURG

OATH OFLOYALTY

TOHITLER

• After WW1, Hitler tries to attend art school

Hitler’s rise to power• Hitler begins to blame the

Jews for all his problems…..

• “The Jews are why Germany surrendered.”

• “A Jewish doctor was unable to help my mother.”

• “It must have been a Jewish instructor that refused my entrance application…”

• “The Jews are trying to take over the world…”

Hitler’s rise to power

• Meanwhile, Germany is struggling due to Versailles Treaty conditions and depression.

• Mass unemployment and despair.

• Government unable to solve problems…

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cd/20_Deutschmark_note_3rd_Reich.jpg/300px-20_Deutschmark_note_3rd_Reich.jpg

Hitler’s rise to power

• German workers party becomes very popular and organized. Name is changed to National Socialist German Workers' Party - The Nazis.

• Introduction of the swastika symbol.

• SA brown shirts-paramilitary

Beer hall Pusch

• At a beer hall, Hitler convinces the Nazi party that the government must be changed….

• Hitler and supporters try to take over the local government.

• This was called the “Munich Putsch” (beer hall putsch)

sentenced to 5 years of jail

http://www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/bibl/mil/ww2/kepek/ha/ha.html

http://www.thirdreichruins.com/putsch1.jpg

Hitler’s rise to power

• Hitler only spends 9 months in jail, using this time to write a book, “Mein Kampf” (my struggle).

• Book explains how Jews are cause for Germany’s problems and how Germany needs to be changed, removing communists.

• Jews must be eliminated and “Lebensraum ” (living space) must be created.

http://www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/bibl/mil/ww2/kepek/ha/ha.html

January 1933

The depression after the Wall Street Crash made many more people vote for the Nazis. In 1933 Von Papen convinced Hindenburg that Hitler should become Chancellor.

Hitler’s rise to power

• Nazi party had 30% of the Reichstag seats, but still not enough for control.

• 6 days before the next election, the Reichstag burns down

• Nazis find a prominent communist nearby with matches and smelling of fuel…

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0e/Reichstagfire.jpg/250px-Reichstagfire.jpg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqw1R2oA9KA&feature=related

February 1933

The Reichstag building burnt down.

A communist was found inside the building. He admitted responsibility.

Chancellor Hitler was able to convince people that the Communists were trying to take power by terrorism.

He was able to have the Communists banned from the Reichstag.

March 1933HITLER CANRULE ALONEFOR FOUR

YEARS. THEREIS NO NEED TOCONSULT THEREICHSTAG.

With the Communists banned from the Reichstag Hitler was able to pass:

THE ENABLING ACT GAVE HITLER THE POWER TO MAKE HIS OWN LAWS. SO, HE BANNED ALL OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES!

THE ENABLING ACT GAVE HITLER THE POWER TO MAKE HIS OWN LAWS. SO, HE BANNED ALL OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES!

Hitler’s rise to power

• Hitler becomes nervous.• Nazi’s S.A (brownshirts) now

are over 2,000,000 and S.A. leaders are strong, especially Rohm.

• secret police force -Gestapo.

• The S.S. created - special military elite loyal only to Hitler.

June 1934

Now I have got rid of opposition political groups, I can now deal with opposition in my party. Ernst Rohm (an old friend), head of the S.A. is very unpopular with the German army leaders. They have the power to overthrow me.I’ve been worried about Rohm for a while, so this is a good excuse.

Hitler’s rise to power

• One of the first tasks assigned to the S.S. was to eliminate any possible competition from the S.A. leaders.

• They execute over 70 S.A.leaders and force the remaining S.A. to pledge an oath of allegiance to Hitler.

• “Night of the long knives”

http://www.johndclare.net/images/SA_salute_bothhands.jpg

“Now they salute with both hands.”

August 1934

A final note

PRESIDENT HINDENBURG’SDEATH GAVE HITLER THEOPPORTUNITY TO COMBINETHE ROLE OF CHANCELLORAND PRESIDENT. HE CALLEDHIMSELF ‘DER FUHRER’.

Every soldier swore a personal oath of loyalty to ADOLF HITLER.

Hitler uses propaganda to make him appear friendly:

Hitler’s rise to power• Hitler has officially transformed Germany into a

totalitarian state…

http://www.utah.edu/unews/news_images/nazi_crowd_salute.jpg

http://www.dadalos.org/int/Demokratie/demokratie/grundkurs1/material/Totalitare_Systeme_NS.jpg

http://mars.vnet.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/hitler/gifs/nurnberg.jpg

• 1919 Hungary Admiral Miklos Horthy• 1926 Poland Marshal Joseph Pilsudski • + Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, & Romania

• Democracy only in Britain, France, Scandinavian countries• Many saw dictatorship as a way to make their gov’t strong

By Mid-1930’s

2 major government types:

democracy & totalitarianism

-Eastern nations in Europe fell for dictatorship

-1919, Hungary military forces and wealthy landowners

-1926 Poland Marshal Joseph Pilsudski

- Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania kings turned to strong-man rule

-1935 Czechoslovakia is the only democratic country in central/ east

-Britain, France, and Scandinavia’s democracy survived

-By 1930, 2 major governmental group; democratic and totalitarian