United States Between the World Wars US11.5 Students analyze the major political, social, economic, technological,

and cultural developments of the 1920s. US11.5.1. Discuss the policies of Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. US11.5.2. Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that

prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey’s “back- to-Africa” movement, the Ku Klux Klan, immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks. US11.5.3. Examine the passage of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the

Volstead Act (Prohibition). US11.5.4. Analyze the passage of the 19th Amendment and the changing role of women

in society. US11.5.5. Describe the Harlem Renaissance and new trends in literature, music, and art,

with special attention to the work of writers (e.g., Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes). US11.5.6. Trace the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the wide

world diffusion of popular culture. US11.5.7. Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact

of new technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and effect on the American landscape.

US11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and how the

New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government. US11.6.1. Describe the monetary issues of the late 19th and early 20th centuries that gave

rise to the establishment of the Federal Reserve and the weaknesses in key sectors of the economy in the late 1920’s. US11.6.2. Understand the explanations of the principal causes of the Great Depression and steps taken by the Federal Reserve, Congress and the President to combat the economic crisis. US11.6.3. Discuss the human toll of the Depression, natural disasters, unwise agricultural practices and their effect on the depopulation of rural regions and on political movements of the left and right with particular attention to the Dust Bowl refugees and their social and economic impacts in California. US11.6.4. Analyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal economic

policies and the expanded role of the federal government in society and the economy since the 1930’s (e.g., Works Progress Administration, Social Security, National Labor Relations Board, farm programs, regional development policies and energy development projects such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, California Central Valley Project, Bonneville Dam). US11.6.5. Trace the advances and retreats of organized labor, from the creation of the

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization to current issues of a post-industrial multinational economy, including the United Farm Workers in California.

Ch 7 The Jazz Age

What is Jazz?

DO NOW

1920’s The Jazz Age Progressivism had given way to “The War to

End All Wars” and the economy shifted from war-time to peace-time (pick-up trucks instead of Army jeeps).

Americans wanted to have a good time (era

of Babe Ruth and amusements parks) and enjoy lifestyles that their good paying factory jobs could provide.

Americans wanted to focus on themselves (domestic issues) and their own country rather than foreign affairs. That is why the Treaty of Versailles was rejected.

1920’s The Jazz Age With the end of WWI, America was transformed in

the 1920’s by the following cultural clashes: 1. Native Born Americans became fearful and

discriminatory toward Immigrants.

2.Traditional Values vs New Morality – Many Americans were fearful of the new voting rights and jobs that women had gained.

1920’s The Jazz Age3. Evolutionists vs Creationists – Many Americans

believed that new scientific discoveries and theories would erode their belief in God and the Bible.

4.Drinkers vs Non-Drinkers – Prohibition (18th Amendment) passed because many Americans

believed that eliminating alcohol would solve many of societies long term problems.

As 1920’s open economic recession and influx of immigrants creates intolerance and disillusionment

Prejudice towards communist and Germans During WWI immigration had dropped

sharply

Nativism Resurges

3:00 PM on April 15, 1920 Two men shot and killed two employees of

Slater & Morril Shoe Company Police arrested Nicola Sacco and

Bartolemeo Vanzetti The two were anarchist – people who

oppose all forms of govt. Newspapers picked up the story and ran

with it

The Sacco-Vanzetti Case

Racist beliefs were backed up by the “science” of eugenics – false science that deals with improving hereditary traits

Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge embraced the movement

Pseudo-Scientific Revolution

The leaders of the anti-immigrant movement were the Klu Klux Klan

Expanded hatred of African-Americans to include Catholics, Jews, immigrants, and other “un-Americans”

Klan attracted few members until 1920 when they got a new PR team

Return of the KKK

After WWI, “Keep America American” movement began

Emergency Quota act started – established temporary quotas on immigration

Read Henry Curran quote p. 409

Controlling Immigration

See map on page 409 Who: U.S. Congress What: National Origins Act, made immigrant

restriction a permanent policy Where: The whole U.S. When: 1924 Why: grows out of anti-immigrant

movements How: placed quota on specific populations

coming into the country

National Origins Act

3 sentence minimum Does the U.S. have a right to limit

immigration – why or why not? Be prepared to share your answer

Quickwrite…

Women in the Workforce◦ Ideals of the loving family

and personal satisfaction become part of popular culture

◦ Many single working class women held jobs for wages

◦ Work became a way to break away from parents and establish own identity

◦ Women could also use money to participate in new commercial culture

The New Morality

Women in College◦ Women who attended college found support for

their emerging independence◦ Women colleges particularly encouraged women

to pursue careers and challenge traditional roles in society

The New Morality

Turn your books to p. 414-415 Flapper – a young, dramatic, stylish, and

unconventional women Flappers pursued social freedoms and

sought financial independence Edith Wharton won the Pulitzer Prize for her

novel The Age of Innocence When do women get the right to vote?

◦ First one to answer 5 points

Women in the 1920s

Remember the Moral Reformers from Progressivism

Fundamentalist – a name derived from a series of pamphlets titled The Fundamentals published by oil millionaire Lyman Stewart

Fundamentalist feared America’s consumer culture, relaxed ethics, and growing urbanization = nation’s moral decline

The Fundamentalist Movement

Believed the bible was literally true and without error

Defended Protestant faith Rejected Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution

◦ Evolution – human beings had developed from lower forms of life over millions of years

Believed in Creationism◦ The belief that God (Judeo-Christian God) created

the world in seven days as described in the bible Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson

were big preachers

Fundamentalist Beliefs

Tennessee 1925 Butler Act – outlawed teaching that

denied “the story of Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible” and taught instead that “man descended from lower order animals”

The ACLU advertised to find a teacher who would break the law

John T. Scopes volunteered to test the case He was put on trial and arrested

The Scopes Monkey Trial

Trial took place in the summer 1925 William Jennings Bryan (3 time Democratic

candidate for President) was prosecutor Clarence Darrow, one of the countries best lawyers

defended scopes (he was like Johnny Cochran) 8 days of trial-Scopes found guilty and fined $100

dollars Conviction later overturned by TN Supreme Court

on a technicality Fundamentalist found themselves increasingly out

of mainstream

The Scopes Monkey Trial

Watch 2 video clips Read article Write a fictional letter to the editor stating

your opinion (if you think you need extra credit – and you

probably do – you can write a real letter to the editor and turn it into Mr. Fauria)

Project Time

Step1 - Pick a topic that you feel passionate about. Relate it to an issue very recently discussed in the publication to which you are writing.

Step2 - Think of new ways to discuss the topic and present unique solutions to the problem.

Step3 - Write clearly and concisely following the limitations usually given on the editorial page or letters-to-the-editor page.

Step4 - Include your major points within the first few paragraphs. Step5 - Type your letter and double space between lines. Step6 - Use your spell check and then proofread. Step7 - Sign your name and include your phone number and address if

required. Step8 – Mail, fax or e-mail your letter to the address listed for the

publication. Step9 - Keep in mind that most publications verify by phone or in

writing that you, and not someone attributing these opinions to you, authored the letter.

How To Write a Letter to the Editor

Read an American Story on p. 419 Who was Charles Lindbergh? What did he do?

DO NOW

US11.5.5. ◦ Describe the Harlem Renaissance and new trends in

literature, music, and art, with special attention to the work of writers (e.g., Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes).

US11.5.6. ◦ Trace the growth and effects of radio and movies and

their role in the wide world diffusion of popular culture. US11.5.7.

◦ Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and effect on the American landscape.

Standards

Discuss the new development in art and literature during the 1920s

Summarize the growth of popular culture, including interests in sports and entertainment

Agenda:◦ 7.2 LECTURE◦ Standards Worksheets

Objectives

Describe the explosion of art and literature and disillusionment of 1920’s artists

Summarize the effects of sports, movies, radio, and music on popular culture

7.2 Cultural Innovations

Many artists, writers, intellectuals of the era moved to Manhattan’s Greenwich Village and Chicago’s South Side

Bohemian – an artistic or unconventional lifestyle of the neighborhoods offered young artists and writers new lifestyles

Greenwich Village and the South Side

European art movements greatly influenced modern American Art

Edward Hopper revived Realism – his paintings showed modern sense of disenchantment and isolation

Modern American Art

Poets and writers greatly varied their styles and subject matter

Called the “Lost Generation” – used to characterize their sense of disillusionment

Poets and Writers

1878-1967 Chicago Poet Used uncommon

speech to glorify midwest

“My candle burns at both ends;

It will not last the night;But ah, my foes, and oh,

my friends-It gives a lovely light.

Carl Sandburg

1888-1953 Portrayed realistic

characters and situations, offering a vision of life that sometimes touched on tragic

Eugene O’Neil

1889-1961 Served in WWI as an

ambulance driver Created “heroic-

antiheroes” His fiction was

direct, simple, and concise prose

Ernest Hemingway

1896-1940 Considered the

greatest writer of his generation

Created colorful and glamorous characters who chased futile dreams

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Baseball star Babe Ruth became a national hero – he called his shot – 5th inning of the 3rd game of the 1932 World Series

Baseball, Boxing, and Other Sports

Held the title of world heavyweight champion from 1919-1926

Jack Dempsey

First black world heavyweight champion from 1908-1915

1910 – former heavyweight champion James J. Jefferies came out of retirement to challenge him for the title stating

"I feel obligated to the sporting public at least to make an effort to reclaim the heavyweight championship for the white race. . . . I should step into the ring again and demonstrate that a white man is king of them all."

Jack Johnson

Along with sports, movies became increasingly popular

Technology made sound

The Rise of Hollywood

Begin “Standards Packet”◦ Whatever you don’t finish in class you may finish

for homework

◦ SCHEDULE FOR THE WEEK Wednesday – No Class Thursday – 7.3 Friday – Review for Ch. 7 Test

Monday – Ch. 7 Test

In Class/HW

What was the “Lost Generation”

DO NOW

Harlem Renaissance Preview

It was in Harlem where African-American culture flourished and stimulated an artistic movement which developed…◦ Jazz Music◦ Racial pride◦ Unique Artistic Styles◦ Literature (including poetry)◦ Active Political organizations◦ A style and culture unique to northern urban (big-

city) African-Americans.

This 1920’s movement is known as the Harlem Renaissance.

African American Culture

During World War I and the years following (1914-1920’s) a “Great Migration” of African Americans took place. African-Americans were eager to leave the rural South in search of industrial jobs in the larger industrial cities of the North.

◦ African-Americans settled in sections of

large northern cities developing a unique culture and lifestyle.

◦ The heart of this new culture was Harlem,

which is a large neighborhood in New York city.

Hundreds of thousands of African-Americans moved from the rural South to the industrial North◦ Escaped segregated societies◦ Sought economic opportunities (jobs)◦ Altered racial breakdown of major cities

In Harlem, African-Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development, racial pride, sense of community, and political organization

Harlem Renaisance

Claude McKay◦ Emigrated from Sunny Ville,

Jamaica to NY in 1912◦ Wrote poems:

The Lynching If We Must Die

◦ His writing shocked America as to the racism still going on

The Writers

If we must die, let it not be like hogsHunted and penned in an inglorious spot,While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs,Making their mock at our accursed lot.If we must die, O let us nobly die,So that our precious blood may not be shedIn vain; then even the monsters we defyShall be constrained to honor us though dead!O kinsmen we must meet the common foe!Though far outnumbered let us show us brave,And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow!What though before us lies the open grave?Like men we'll face the murderous, cowardly pack,Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!

If We Must Die

Langston Hughes◦ Prolific and versatile

writer◦ Leading African

American voice in U.S.◦ Wrote poetry and prose

The Writers

I look at the worldFrom awakening eyes in a black face—And this is what I see:This fenced-off narrow space   Assigned to me.

I look then at the silly wallsThrough dark eyes in a dark face—And this is what I know:That all these walls oppression buildsWill have to go!

I look at my own body   With eyes no longer blind—And I see that my own hands can makeThe world that's in my mind.Then let us hurry, comrades,The road to find.

I look at the world

What is unique about the writing of African Americans living in Harlem?

3 sentence minimum Be prepared to share your answer

Quickwrite

Early jazz introduced by Louis Armstrong – improvisational and influenced by Dixieland music and ragtime

Armstrong became the first great trumpet soloist in jazz

Duke Ellington – also influence early jazz – his band created new sounds using different combinations of instruments

Jazz, Blues, and Theatre

Cotton Club◦ One of the most famous night spots in Harlem◦ Many famous Jazz musicians got their start here

Jazz, Blues, and Theatre

Harlem Renaissance brought international fame to African American Arts

Sparked political transformations as well New attitudes (by some) towards African

Americans Parade for New York’s 15th regiment of

National Guard

Jazz, Blues, and Theatre

We return.We return from fighting.We return fighting.Make way for democracy! We Saved it in

France, and by the Great Jehovah, we will save it in the United States of America, or know the reason why.”

W.E.B Dubois

What does W.E.B. Dubois mean when he says “Make way for democracy!”?

2 sentence minimum Be prepared to share your answer

Quickwrite

The Great Migration had a significant impact on African American political power in the North

As their numbers grew (they could vote in the North), they became a powerful voting bloc

Most African Americans still voted Republican (Abraham Lincoln)

Elected Oscar De Priest as first African American Congressman from a Northern state

The Black Vote in the North

Oscar De Priest

NAACP battled valiantly, and usually unsuccessfully, against segregation and discrimination

Began lobbying public officials and challenging cases in court

Protested and lobbied specifically against lynching◦ Lynching: putting a person to death by mob action without

due process of law Passed legislation through the House in 1922 –

defeated in the Senate NAACP joined with labor unions to defeat John J.

Parkers nomination to the Supreme Court

NAACP Battles Lynching

NAACP kept the issue in the news and helped reduce the number of lynchings in the U.S.

NAACP Battles Lynching

How did African Americans gain political power? How did they use it?

3 sentence minimum Be prepared to share your answer

Quickwrite

Marcus Garvey: dynamic black leader from Jamaica◦ Glorified African American culture and traditions◦ Inspired by Booker T. Washington’s ideas of “self-

reliance”◦ Founded the Universal Negro Improvement

Association (UNIA) – promoted black pride and unity◦ African Americans could gain economic and political

power by educating themselves◦ Also wanted separation and independence from

whites

Black Nationalism and Marcus Garvey

Harlem Renaissance Video

Make a chart comparing the Harlem Renaissance to the writers of the “Lost Generation”

Select two writers, poets, or musicians from each – describe what each of them did (at least 2 things) and list one thing they had in common

Harlem Renaissance Assignment

Harlem Renaissance Artist

Things they had in common

Lost Generation Artist

Person 1Fact 1Fact 2

Thing in common Person 1Fact 1Fact 2

Person 2Fact 1Fact 2

Thing in common Person 2Fact 1Fact 2

You will get your study guide for Ch. 7 and we will review (maybe Jeopardy)

Test will be on Monday◦ If you want to use your notebook you can get and

88% max

Tomorrow