United Republic of Tanzania NATIONAL SAMPLE CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE · Agriculture Census to be...

United Republic of Tanzania

NATIONAL SAMPLE CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE 2002/2003

Volume Vo: REGIONAL REPORT:

National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Ministry of Water and Livestock Development, Ministry of Cooperatives and Marketing, Presidents Office, Regional Administration and Local Government

December 2007


NATIONAL SAMPLE CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE

2002/2003

VOLUME Vi: REGIONAL REPORT: RUKWA REGION

National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of agriculture and Food Security, Ministry of Water and Livestock Development, Ministry of Cooperatives and Marketing,

Presidents Office, Regional Administration and Local Government, Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs – Zanzibar

December 2007

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tanzania Agriculture Sample Census

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of contents............................................................................................................................................................... i Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................................ iv Preface............................................................................................................................................................................... v Executive summary......................................................................................................................................................... vi Illustrations..................................................................................................................................................................... xii CENSUS RESULTS AND ANALYSIS PART I: BACKGROUND INFORMATION....................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Geographical Location and Boundaries............................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Land Area .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Climate............................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4.1 Temperature ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.4.2 Rainfall................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.5 Population.......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.6 Socio-economic Indicators................................................................................................................................ 2 PART II: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 The Rationale for Conducting the National Sample Census of Agriculture.................................................... 3 2.2 Census Objectives ............................................................................................................................................. 3 2.3 Census Coverage and Scope ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.4 Legal Authority of the National Sample Census of Agriculture...................................................................... 5 2.5 Reference Period ............................................................................................................................................... 5 2.6 Census Methodology......................................................................................................................................... 5 2.6.1 Census Organization........................................................................................................................... 5 2.6.2 Tabulation Plan................................................................................................................................... 6 2.6.3 Sample Design .................................................................................................................................... 6 2.6.4 Questionnaire Design and Other Census Instruments ....................................................................... 7 2.6.5 Field Pre-Testing of the Census Instruments ..................................................................................... 7 2.6.6 Training of Trainers, Supervisors and Enumerators.......................................................................... 7 2.6.7 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign......................................................... 7 2.6.8 Household Listing............................................................................................................................... 8 2.6.9 Data Collection ................................................................................................................................... 8 2.6.10 Field Supervision and Consistency Checks ....................................................................................... 8 2.6.11 Data Processing .................................................................................................................................. 8 - Manual Editing.............................................................................................................................. 9 - Data Entry ..................................................................................................................................... 9 - Data Structure Formatting ............................................................................................................ 9 - Batch Validation ........................................................................................................................... 9 - Tabulations.................................................................................................................................... 9 - Analysis and Report Preparations ................................................................................................ 9 - Data Quality ................................................................................................................................ 10 2.7 Funding Arrangements........................................................................................................................... 10 PART III: CENSUS RESULTS AND ANALYSIS................................................................................................. 11 3.1 Holding Characteristics ................................................................................................................................ 11 3.1.1 Type of Holdings .............................................................................................................................. 11 3.1.2 Livelihood Activities/Source of Income .......................................................................................... 11 3.1.3 Sex and Age of Heads of Households.............................................................................................. 11 3.1.4 Number of Household Members ...................................................................................................... 15 3.1.5 Level of Education............................................................................................................................ 15 - Literacy ....................................................................................................................................... 15 - Literacy Level for Household Members .................................................................................... 15 - Literacy Rates for Heads of Households.................................................................................... 15 - Educational Status....................................................................................................................... 16

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3.1.6 Off-farm Income............................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Land Use ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 Area of Land Utilised ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Types of Land use............................................................................................................................. 18 3.3 Annual Crops and Vegetable Production................................................................................................... 18 3.3.1 Area Planted...................................................................................................................................... 18 3.3.2 Crop Importance ............................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.3 Crop Types........................................................................................................................................ 20 3.3.4 Cereal Crop Production .................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.4.1 Maize .............................................................................................................................. 23 3.3.4.2 Paddy .............................................................................................................................. 23 3.3.4.3 Other Cereals .................................................................................................................. 26 3.3.5 Roots and Tuber Crops Production .................................................................................................. 26 3.3.5.1 Cassava ........................................................................................................................... 27 3.3.5.2 Irish Potatoes .................................................................................................................. 28 3.3.6 Pulse Crops Production .................................................................................................................... 28 3.3.6.1 Beans............................................................................................................................... 30 3.3.7 Oil Seed Production.......................................................................................................................... 32 3.3.7.1 Groundnuts ..................................................................................................................... 32 3.3.8 Fruits and Vegetables ........................................................................................................................ 33 3.3.8.1 Tomatoes ........................................................................................................................ 35 3.3.8.2 Cabbage .......................................................................................................................... 37 3.3.8.3 Chillies............................................................................................................................ 37 3.3.9 Other Annual Crops Production....................................................................................................... 40 3.3.9.1 Cotton .............................................................................................................................. 40 3.3.9.2 Tobacco .......................................................................................................................... 40 3.4 Permanent Crops........................................................................................................................................... 40 3.4.1 Coconuts ........................................................................................................................................ 43 3.4.2 Oranges ........................................................................................................................................ 45 3.4.3 Banana ........................................................................................................................................ 45 3.4.4 Cashew Nuts ..................................................................................................................................... 45 3.5 Inputs/Implements Use ................................................................................................................................. 48 3.5.1 Methods of land clearing ................................................................................................................... 48 3.5.2 Methods of soil preparation.............................................................................................................. 48 3.5.3 Improved seeds use........................................................................................................................... 50 3.5.4 Fertilizers use.................................................................................................................................... 51 3.5.4.1 Farm Yard Manure Use.................................................................................................. 51 3.5.4.2 Inorganic Fertilizer Use.................................................................................................. 52 3.5.4.3 Compost Use .................................................................................................................. 53 3.5.5 Pesticide Use..................................................................................................................................... 54 3.5.5.1 Insecticide Use................................................................................................................ 54 3.5.5.2 Herbicide Use ................................................................................................................. 55 3.5.5.3 Fungicide Use................................................................................................................. 55 3.5.6 Harvesting Methods.......................................................................................................................... 56 3.5.7 Threshing Methods .......................................................................................................................... 56 3.6 Irrigation .................................................................................................................................................... 56 3.6.1 Area planted with annual crops and under irrigation....................................................................... 56 3.6.2 Sources of water used for irrigation ................................................................................................. 57 3.6.3 Methods of obtaining water for irrigation........................................................................................ 59

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3.6.4 Methods of water application .......................................................................................................... 59 3.7 Crop Storage, Processing and Marketing .................................................................................................. 59 3.7.1 Crop Storage ..................................................................................................................................... 59 3.7.1.1 Method of Storage .......................................................................................................... 60 3.7.1.2 Duration of Storage ........................................................................................................ 60 3.7.1.3 Purpose of Storage.......................................................................................................... 61 3.7.1.4 The Magnitude of Storage Loss ..................................................................................... 61 3.7.2 Agro processing and by-products...................................................................................................... 62 3.7.2.1 Processing Methods........................................................................................................ 62 3.7.2.2 Main Agro-processing Products..................................................................................... 62 3.7.2.3 Main use of primary processed Products....................................................................... 63 3.7.2.4 Outlet for Sale of Processed Products............................................................................ 63 3.7.3 Crop Marketing................................................................................................................................. 64 3.7.3.1 Main Marketing Problems.............................................................................................. 64 3.7.3.2 Reasons for Not Selling.................................................................................................. 64 3.8 Access to Crop Production Services............................................................................................................ 65 3.8.1 Access to Agricultural Credits ......................................................................................................... 65 3.8.1.1 Source of Agricultural Credits ....................................................................................... 65 3.8.1.2 Use of Agricultural Credits ............................................................................................ 65 3.8.1.3 Reasons for not using agricultural credits...................................................................... 66 3.8.2 Crop Extension ................................................................................................................................. 66 3.8.2.1 Sources of crop extension messages .............................................................................. 66 3.8.2.2 Quality of extension ....................................................................................................... 68 3.9 Access to Inputs ............................................................................................................................................. 68 3.9.2 Inorganic Fertilisers .......................................................................................................................... 68 3.9.3 Improved Seeds ................................................................................................................................. 69 3.9.4 Insecticides and Fungicide ................................................................................................................ 69 3.10 Tree Planting................................................................................................................................................... 70 3.11 Irrigation and Erosion Control Facilities .................................................................................................. 71 3.12 Livestock Results ........................................................................................................................................... 73 3.12.1 Cattle Production .............................................................................................................................. 73 3.12.1.1 Cattle Population ....................................................................................................................... 73 3.12.1.2 Herd size ......................................................................................................................... 73 3.12.1.3 Cattle Population Trend ................................................................................................. 75 3.12.1.4 Improved Cattle Breeds.................................................................................................. 75 3.12.2 Goat Production ................................................................................................................................ 75 3.12.2.1 Goat Population.............................................................................................................. 75 3.12.2.2 Goat Herd Size ............................................................................................................... 77 3.12.2.3 Goat Breeds .................................................................................................................... 77 3.12.2.4 Goat Population Trend ................................................................................................... 77 3.12.3 Sheep Production.............................................................................................................................. 77 3.12.3.1 Sheep Population............................................................................................................ 77 3.12.3.2 Sheep Population Trend ................................................................................................. 79 3.12.4 Pig Production .................................................................................................................................. 79 3.12.4.1 Pig Population Trend...................................................................................................... 79

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3.12.5 Chicken Production .......................................................................................................................... 81 3.12.5.1 Chicken Population ........................................................................................................ 81 3.12.5.2 Chicken Population Trend.............................................................................................. 81 3.12.5.3 Chicken Flock Size......................................................................................................... 81 3.12.5.4 Improved Chicken Breeds (layers and broilers) ............................................................ 82 3.12.6 Other Livestock ................................................................................................................................ 82 3.12.7 Pests and Parasites Incidences and Control ..................................................................................... 82 3.12.7.1 Deworming ..................................................................................................................... 82 3.12.8 Access to Livestock Services ........................................................................................................... 84 3.12.8.1 Access to livestock extension Services.......................................................................... 84 3.12.8.2 Access to Veterinary Clinic ........................................................................................... 84 3.12.8.3 Access to village watering points/dam .......................................................................... 85 3.12.9 Animal Contribution to Crop Production......................................................................................... 85 3.12.9.1 Use of Draft Power......................................................................................................... 85 3.12.9.2 Use of Farm Yard Manure ............................................................................................. 86 3.12.9.4 Use of Compost ............................................................................................................ 86 3.12.10 Fish Farming..................................................................................................................................... 86 3.6.0 Access to Infrastructure and Other Services .................................................................................... 89 3.13 Poverty Indicators ......................................................................................................................................... 89 3.13.1 Access to Infrastructure and Other Services .................................................................................... 89 3.13.2 Type of Toilets.................................................................................................................................. 90 3.13.3 Household’s assets............................................................................................................................ 90 3.13.4 Sources of Light Energy................................................................................................................... 90 3.13.5 Sources of Energy for Cooking........................................................................................................ 90 3.13.6 Roofing Materials ............................................................................................................................. 91 3.13.7 Access to Drink Water...................................................................................................................... 91 3.13.8 Food Consumption Pattern ............................................................................................................... 92 3.13.8.1 Number of Meals per Day.............................................................................................. 92 3.13.8.2 Meat Consumption Frequencies..................................................................................... 92 3.13.8.3 Fish Consumption Frequencies...................................................................................... 92 3.13.9 Food Security.................................................................................................................................... 92 3.13.10 Main Source of Cash Income ........................................................................................................... 93 PART IV: RUKWA PROFILES................................................................................................................................ 95 4.1 Region Profile ................................................................................................................................................. 96 4.2 District Profiles ............................................................................................................................................... 96

4.2.1 Mpanda .............................................................................................................................................. 96 4.2.2. Sumbawanga Rural............................................................................................................................ 98 4.2.3 Nkasi ................................................................................................................................................ 100 4.2.4 Sumbawanga Urban......................................................................................................................... 102

ACRONYMS


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ACRONYMS ASDP Agricultural Sector Development Project CSPro Census and Survey Processing Program DFID Department For International Development DIAS District Integrated Agricultural Survey DS District Supervisor EAS Expanded Agricultural Survey EAs Enumeration Areas EU European Union FE Field Enumerator GDP Gross Domestic Product Ha Hectares IAS Integrated Agricultural Survey ICR Intelligent Character Recognition IEC Information, Education and Communication JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency LRS Long Rainy Season, MAFS Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security MCM Ministry of Co-operatives and Marketing MWLD Ministry of Water and Livestock Development NBS National Bureau of Statistics NGO Non Governmental Organization NMS National Master Sample NSCA National Sample Census of Agriculture NSGRP National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty PORALG President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government PPS Probability Proportional to Size PSU Primary Sampling Unit RAAS Rapid Appraisal Agricultural Survey RS Regional Supervisor RSM Regional Statistical Manager SAC Scotts Agriculture Consultancy Ltd SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science SRS Short Rainy Season TOT Training of Trainers ULG Ultek Laurence Gould UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization VPO Vice President Office

PREFACE ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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PREFACE At the end of the 2002/03 Agriculture Year, the National Bureau of Statistics and the Office of the Chief Government Statistician in Zanzibar in collaboration with the Ministries of Agriculture and Food Security; Water and Livestock Development; Cooperatives and Marketing as well as the Presidents Office, Regional Administration and Local Government (PORALG) conducted the Agriculture Sample Census. This is the third Agriculture Census to be carried out in Tanzania, the first one was conducted in 1971/72, the second in 1993/94 and 1994/95 (during 1993/94 data on household characteristics and livestock count were collected and data on crop area and production in 1994/95). It is considered that this census is one of the largest to be carried out in Africa and indeed in many other countries of the world. The census collected detailed data on crop production, crop marketing, crop storage, livestock production, fish farming, tree farming, access to infrastructures and services and poverty indicators. In addition to this, the census was large in its coverage as it provides data that can be disaggregated at district level and thus allow comparisons with the 1998/99 District Integrated Agricultural Survey. The census covered smallholders in rural areas only and large scale farms. This report presents Rukwa region data disaggregated to district level. It was very difficult to discuss all variables collected in a single report hence the analysis was based on the most important smallholder variables. The rest of the variables are found in the attached annex of table of results. The analysis in the report includes time series comparisons using data from the previous censuses and surveys. The extensive nature of the census in relation to its scope and coverage is a result of the increasing demand for more detailed information to assist in the proper planning of this sector and in the administrative decentralization of planning to district level. It is hoped that this report will provide new insights for planners, policy makers, researchers and others involved in the agricultural sector in order to improve the prevailing conditions faced by crop producers and livestock keepers in the country. On behalf of the Government of Tanzania, I wish to express my appreciation for the financial support provided by the development partners, in particular, the European Union as well as DFID, UNDP, Japanese Government, JICA and others who contributed through the pool fund mechanism. Finally, my appreciation goes to all those who in one-way or the other contributed to the success of the survey. In particular, I would also like to mention the enormous effort made by the Planning Group composed of professionals from the Agriculture Statistics Department of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the Office of the Chief Government Statistician in Zanzibar (OCGS) and the Statistics Unit of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MAFS) with technical assistance provided by Ultec Lawrence Gould (ULG), Scotts Agriculture Consultancy Ltd and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO). Additionally, I would like to extend my appreciation to all professional staff of the National Bureau of Statistics, the sector Ministries of Agriculture and PORALG, the Consultants as well as Regional and District Supervisors and field enumerators for their commendable work. Certainly without their dedication, the census would not have been such a success. Albina A. Chuwa The Director General National Bureau of Statistics

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The executive summary highlights the main survey results obtained during the National Sample Census of Agriculture

2002/03. This report covers small-scale agriculture households in rural areas of Rukwa region who were selected using

statistical sampling techniques. The results in the report do not cover urban areas and large-scale farmers.

The highlights describe the important findings in relation to agricultural production, productivity, husbandry, access to

resources, levels of involvement in agricultural related activities and poverty in Rukwa region activities indicators for one

to get an overview, at regional level, of the rural agricultural households and their levels of involvement in agricultural

related activities.

i) Household Characteristics

The number of agricultural households in Rukwa region were 172,261 out of which 114,069 (67.3%) were involved in

growing crops only, 416 (0.2%) rearing livestock only and 57,776 (33.5%) were involved in crop production as well as

livestock. However, there was no pastoralist which was found in the region.

Most of the agricultural households ranked annual crop farming as an activity that provides most of their cash income

followed by tree/forest resources, off-farm income, livestock keeping/herding, permanent crops remittances and

fishing/hunting and gathering.

The region has a literacy rate of 72 percent. The highest literacy rate was found in Sumbawanga Rural and Sumbawanga

Urban districts with (75%) followed by Nkasi district (71%) and Mpanda district (70%).

The number of heads of agricultural households with formal education in Rukwa region was 118,763 (67%), those without

formal education were 53,498 (31%) and those with only adult education were 6,019 (4%). The majority of heads of

agricultural households (69%) had primary level education whereas only 3 percent had post primary education.

In Rukwa region 59,888 household members (35%) were involved in one off-farm income generating activity, 53,457

(31%) involved in two off-farm income generating activities and 18,456 (11%) involved in more than two off-farm income

generating activities.

ii) Crop Production

Land Area

The total area of land available to smallholders was 574,291 ha. The regional average land area utilised for crop production

per crop growing household was only 2.4 ha. This figure is below the national average of 2.0 hectares.

Planted Area

The area planted with annual crops and vegetables was 303,393 hectares out of which 1,049 hectares (0.3%) were planted

during short rainy season and 302,345 hectares (99.7%) during long rainy season.

An estimated area of 203,500 ha (67.3% of the total planted area with annual and vegetable crops) was with cereals,

followed by 77,017 hectares (18.0%) of pulses, (37,551 hectares, 12.4%), of roots and tubers, (28,595 hectares, 9.5%), oil

seeds (28,178 hectares, 9.3%), cash crops (3,295 hectares (1.1%) and fruits and vegetables, (1,225 hectares (0.4%).


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Cereal Crop Production

The total production of cereals was 240,623 tonnes from a total planted area of 203,928 hectares. These cereal crops include: Maize, Paddy, Finger Millet, Sorghum, Wheat and Bulrush Millet Maize

Maize is the dominant annual crop grown in Rukwa region and it had a planted area 4.56 times greater than beans, which

had the second largest planted area. The area planted with maize constitutes 73.6 percent of the total area planted with

annual crops. Other crops in order of their importance (based on area planted) are paddy, finger millet, sorghum, wheat,

bulrush millets.

Paddy

Paddy is the second most important cereal crop in the region in terms of planted area. The number of households that grew

paddy in Rukwa region during the long rainy season was 30,132. This represented 17.6 percent of the total crop growing

households in Rukwa Region in the long rainy season.

• Roots and Tuber Crops Production

The total production of roots and tubers crops was 45,702 tonnes from planted area of 28,594 hectares. These root and

tuber crops included: cassava, sweet potatoes, irish potatoes, yams and cocoyam.

Cassava

The area planted with cassava was larger than any other root and tuber crop in Rukwa in terms of planted area (8.3% of the

total area planted with annual crops and vegetables) and it accounted for 87 percent of the area planted with roots and

tubers.

Oil Seed Production

The total production of oilseed crops was 17,419 tonnes planted on an area of 28,520 hectares. These oil crops included

groundnuts, sunflowers, soya beans and simsim.

Pulse Crops Production

The total area planted with pulses was 37,831 hectares. This area was planted with beans, bambaranuts, green grams,

cowpeas and field peas.

Fruit and Vegetables

The total production of fruit and vegetables was 4,211 tonnes. The most cultivated fruit and vegetable crop was tomatoes.

The production for this crop was 2,136 tonnes, which amounts to 48 percent of the total fruit and vegetable production,

followed by cabbage 3,472 tonnes (18%) and chilies 1,973 tonnes (10%). The production of the other fruit and vegetable

crops was relatively small.

Permanent Crops

The area of smallholders planted area with permanent crops was 62,403 hectares which is 13 percent of the area planted

with annual crops in the region. The most important permanent crop is coconuts which accounts for 24 percent of the total

area planted with permanent crops followed by oranges (15%), banana (13%) and cashew (13%).


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Improved Seeds

The planted area using improved seeds was 52,089 ha which represents 13 percent of the total planted area with the annual

crops and vegetables. The percentage use of improved seed in the short rainy season was 13.4 percent which is slightly

higher than the corresponding percentage use for the long rainy season (12.73%).

Use of Fertilizers

Most annual crop growing households do not use any fertiliser. The planted area without fertiliser for annual crops was

367,237 hectares representing 85.6 percent of the total planted area with annual crops. Of the planted area with fertiliser

application, farm yard manure was applied to 45,411 ha which represented 10.6 percent of the total planted area (73.3 % of

the area planted with fertiliser application). This was followed by compost (12,491 ha, 20.1%). Inorganic fertilizers were

used on a very small area and represented only 6.6 percent of the area planted with fertilizers.

Irrigation

In Rukwa region, the area of annual crops and vegetables under irrigation was 41,089 ha representing 9.6 percent of the

total area planted. The area under irrigation during the short rainy season was 8,088 ha accounting for 20 percent of the

total area under irrigation. However, the percentage of the planted area under irrigation during the long rainy season was

12.3 percent compared with 5 percent in the short rainy season.

Crop Storage

There were 228,187 crop growing households (87% of the total crop growing households) that reported storing various

agricultural products in the region.

The most important stored crop was maize with 220,402 households storing 28,187 tonnes as of 1st January 2004. This was

followed by beans and pulses (104,155 households and 1,914 tonnes), paddy (14,828 households and 827 tonnes) and

groundnuts and bambara nuts (1,674 households and 54 tonnes). The rest of the crops were stored in very small amounts.

Crop Marketing

The number of households that reported selling crop was 197,168 which represents 74.8 percent of the total number of crop

growing households. The percent of crop growing households selling crops was highest in Muheza (84%) followed by

Lushoto (80%), Rukwa (77%), Kilindi (76%), Pangani (70%) Korogwe (65%) and Handeni (64%).

Agricultural Credit

In Rukwa region, few agricultural households (1,022, 0.4%) accessed credit, out of which 453 (44%) were male-headed

households and 569 (56%) were female headed households. In Lushoto district only female headed households got credit

for agriculture purposes, whereas in Korogwe, Rukwa and Handeni districts only male households accessed credit. In

Muheza district both male and female headed households accessed credit.

Crop Extension Services

The number of agricultural households that received crop extension was 121,486 (46% of total crop growing households in

the region). Some districts have more access to extension services than others (Chart 3.96). Korogwe district had a

relatively high proportion of households that received crop extension messages (84%), followed by Lushoto (49%),

Muheza (43%), Pangani (39%), Kilindi (27%), Handeni (22%) and Rukwa (14%).


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Soil Erosion and Water Harvesting Facilities

The number of agricultural households that reported the presence of soil erosion and water harvesting facilities in their

farms was 30,288. This number represents 11 percent of total number of agricultural households in the region. The

proportion of farmers with soil erosion control and water harvesting facilities was highest in Lushoto District (23%)

followed by Korogwe (10%), Muheza (8%), Kilindi (3%), Handeni (2%), Rukwa (1%) Pangani (0.5%).

iii) Livestock and Poultry Production

Cattle

The total number of cattle in the region was 378,338. Cattle rearing is the dominant livestock type in the region followed

by goats, sheep and pigs. The region had 2.2 percent of the total cattle population on the Tanzanian Mainland. The number

of indigenous cattle was 350,210 head (92.6% of the total number of cattle in the region), 27,829 (7%) were dairy breeds

and only 298 (1.4%) were beef breeds.

Goats

The number of goat-rearing-households in the region was 68,764 (26% of all agricultural households) with a total of

514,620 goats giving an average of 7 head of goats per goat-rearing-households.

Sheep

The number of sheep-rearing households was 35,381 (13% of all agricultural households) with a total of 164,209 sheep

giving an average of 5 heads of sheep per sheep-rearing household.

Pigs

The number of pig-rearing households in the region was 2,601 (1% of the total agricultural households) rearing about

6,281 pigs. This gives an average of 2 pigs per pig-rearing household.

Chicken

The number of households keeping chickens was 176,806, raising 1,788,767 chickens. This gives an average of 10

chickens per chicken-rearing household. In terms of total number of chickens in the country Rukwa ranked eighth out of

the 21 Mainland regions.

Use of Draft Power

The region has 738 oxen and they were only found in two districts, Korogwe and Kilindi with 592 and 146 head

respectively. Rukwa region has 0.03 percent of the total 2,233,927 head of oxen found on the Mainland and were used to

cultivate 2,653 hectares of land.

Fish Farming

The number of households involved in fish farming was 1,423 (0.5 percent of the total agricultural households in the

region). Korogwe was the leading district with 634 agricultural households involved in fish farming (1.4%) followed by

Lushoto 430 (0.5%), Muheza 336 (0.7%) and Rukwa 23 (0.3%). Fish farming was not practiced in Pangani and Handeni

districts.


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iv) Poverty Indicators

Availability of Toilets

It was estimated that 86.5 percent of all rural agricultural households used the traditional pit latrines, 1.8 percent used

improved pit latrine and 0.7 percent had flush toilets. The remaining 0.1 percent of households had other unspecified types

of toilets. Households with no toilet facilities represent 11 percent of the total agriculture households in the region.

Household Assets

Out of all assets, radios had the highest percent of households owning them (61.3% of households) followed by bicycle

(32.1%), iron (18.9%), wheelbarrow (3.4%), mobile phone (1.9%), television/video (1.0%), vehicle (0.9%) and landline

phone (0.5%).

Source of Lighting Energy

Wick lamp is the most common source of lighting energy in the region. About 77 percent of the total rural households used

this source of energy followed by hurricane lamp (16.6%), pressure lamp (4.2%), mains electricity (1.3%), firewood

(0.3%), solar (0.1%), candle (0.1%) and gas or biogas (0.1%).

Energy for Cooking

The most prevalent source of energy for cooking was firewood, which was used by 96.4 percent of all rural agricultural

households. The second most common source of energy for cooking was charcoal (2.72%). The rest of energy sources

accounted for 0.88 percent. These were bottled gas (0.28%), crop residues (0.28%), mains electricity (0.14%), solar

(0.10%), livestock dung (0.04%), parrafin/kerosene (0.03%) and gas/biogas (0.01%).

Roofing Materials

The most used roofing material (for the main dwelling) was grass and/or leaves and it was used by 49.2 percent of the rural

agricultural households however, this was closely followed by iron sheets (43.6%). Other roofing materials are grass/mud

(4.8%), asbestos (1.1%), tiles (1.0%), concrete (0.1%) and others (0.2%).

Number of Meals per Day

About 72.3 percent of the holders in the region took three meals per day, 25.2 percent took two meals, 2.4 percent took one

meal and 0.1 percent took four meals.

Food Security

Households which seldom had problems in satisfying their food needs represent 42 percent of the total number of

agriculture households in the region. Households with recurring food shortage problems represent 8.3 percent whereas

those with little problems represent 7.6 percent. About 7 percent of agriculture households always faced food shortages

whilst 35 percent had not experienced any food shortage problems.


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Main Source of Cash Income

Selling of food crops was the main cash income earning activity reported by 25.5 percent of all rural agricultural

households. The second main cash income earning activity was casual labour (20.9%) followed by selling of cash crops

(16.8%), businesses (14.3%) and cash remittances (7.4%). Other income earning activities were employment (5.0%), sale

of livestock (4.0%), sale of forest products (2.5%), sale of livestock products (1.7%) and fishing (0.9%).

ILLUSTRATIONS ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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ILLUSTRATIONS List of Tables 2.1 Census Sample Size ............................................................................................................................................ 10 3.1 The Livelihood Activities/Source of Income of the Households Raked in Order of Importance by District .. 22 3.2 Area, Production and Yield of cereal crops by Season ...................................................................................... 25 3.3 Area Planted and Quantity Harvested by Season and Type of Root and Tuber Crop....................................... 27 3.4 Area, Quantity Harvested and Yield of Pulses by Season ..................................................................................30 3.5 Area, Quantity Harvested and Yield of Oil Seed Crops by Season................................................................... 37 3.6 Area, Production and Yield of Fruits and Vegetables by Season ...................................................................... 35 3.7 Area, Production and Yield of Annual Cash Crops by Season.......................................................................... 37 3.8 Land Clearing Methods....................................................................................................................................... 43

3.9 Planted Area by Type of Fertiliser Use and District – Long and Short Rainy Season...................................... 56 3.11 Number of Households Storing Crops by Estimated Storage Loss and District ............................................... 61

3.12 Reasons for Not Selling Crop Produce............................................................................................................... 61 3.13 Number of Agricultural Households that Received Credit by Sex of Household head and District ................ 64 3.15 Total Number of Households and Chickens Raised by Flock Size ....................................................................77 3.16 Head Number of Other Livestock by Type of Livestock and District............................................................... 80 3.17 Mean distances from holders dwellings to infrastructure and services by districts .......................................... 88 3.18 Number of Households by Number of meals the Household normally has per Day and District .................... 93 List of Charts 3.1 Agricultural Households by Type of Holdings....................................................................................................10 3.2 Percentage Distribution of Agricultural Households by Sex of Household Head..............................................11 3.3 Percentage Distribution of Population by Age and Sex in 2003.........................................................................11 3.4 Percentage Literacy Level of Household Members by District ..........................................................................11 3.5 Literacy Rates for Heads of Household by Sex and District...............................................................................15 3.6 Percentage of Persons Aged 5 years and above by District and Educational Status..........................................15 3.7 Percentage of Persons Aged 5 years and Above in Agricultural Households by Education Status .................15 3.8 Percentage Distribution of Heads of Household by Educational Attainment ....................................................15 3.9 Number of Household by Number of Members with Off-Farm Income – Rukwa Region ...............................16 3.10 Percentage Distribution of Agricultural Households by Number of Off-farm Activities ..................................16 3.11 Utilized and Usable Land per Household by District..........................................................................................17 3.12 Land Area by Type of Land Use..........................................................................................................................17 3.13 Area Planted (ha) with Annual Crops by Season ................................................................................................17 3.14 Area Planted with Annual Crops by Season and District....................................................................................18 3.15 Area Planted with Annual Crops per Household by Season and District...........................................................18 3.16 Planted Area (ha) for the Main Annual Crops.....................................................................................................21 3.17a Planted Area per Household by Selected Crops 3.17b Percentage Distribution of Area planted with Annual Crops by Crop Type ......................................................21 3.18 Area planted with Annual Crops by Type of Crops and Season.........................................................................21 3.19 Area Planted and Yield of Major Cereal Crops...................................................................................................21 3.20 Time Series Data on Maize Production – Rukwa Region...................................................................................22 3.21 Maize: Total Area Planted and Planted Area per Household by District ...........................................................22 3.22 Time Series of Maize Planted Area and Yield – Rukwa Region........................................................................22 3.23 Total Planted Area and Area of Paddy per Household by District .....................................................................23 3.24 Time Series Data on Paddy Production – Rukwa Region...................................................................................23 3.25 Time Series of Paddy Planted Area and Yield – Rukwa Region........................................................................23 3.26 Area Planted With Sorghum, Finger Millet, Bulrush Millet and Wheat by District ..........................................25 3.27 Area Planted and Yield of Major Root and Tuber Crops....................................................................................25 3.28 Area planted with Cassava during the Census/Survey Years .............................................................................25 3.29 Percent of Cassava Planted Area and percent of Total Land with Cassava by District .....................................27 3.30 Cassava Planted Area per Cassava Growing Households by District ................................................................27 3.31 Sweet Potatoes: Total area and Planted Area per Household by District ...........................................................27 3.32 Area Planted and Yield of Major Pulse Crops ....................................................................................................28 3.33 Percent of Bean Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Beans by District .............................................28 3.34 Area Planted per Bean Growing Household by District (Wet Season) ..............................................................28 3.35 Time Series Data on Beans Production – Rukwa Region.................................................................................. 28

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3.36 Time Series of Beans Planted Area and Yield - Rukwa......................................................................................28 3.37 Area Planted and Yield of Major Oil Seed Crops ...............................................................................................30 3.38 Time Series Data on Groundnut production – Rukwa Region ...........................................................................30 3.39 Percent of Groundnuts Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Groundnuts by District .........................30 3.40 Area Planted per Groundnut Growing Household by District (Wet Season) .....................................................31 3.42 Area Planted and Yield of Fruit and Vegetables .................................................................................................31 3.43 Percent of Tomato Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Tomato by District ......................................34 3.44 Area Planted per Tomato Growing Household by District (Wet Season ) .........................................................34 3.45 Percent of Onions Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Cabbage by District......................................34 3.46 Percent of Cabbage Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Chillies by District.....................................34 3.47 Area planted with Annual Cash Crops ................................................................................................................37 3.48 Percent of Tobacco Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Tobacco by District....................................37 3.49 Area Planted for Annual and Permanent Crops...................................................................................................37 3.50 Area Planted with the Main Perennial Crops ......................................................................................................38 3.51 Percent of Area Planted and Average Planted Area with Permanent Crops by District ...................................38 3.52 Percent of Area Planted with Lime/Lemon and Average Planted Area per Household by District ..................38 3.53 Percent of Area Planted with Sugarcane and Average Planted Area per Household by District.......................54 3.54 Percent of Area Planted with Banana and Average Planted Area per Household by District ...........................54 3.55 Percent of Area Planted with Mangoes and Average Planted Area per Household by District.........................43 3.56 Number of Households by Method of Land Clearing During the Wet Season ..................................................43 3.57 Area Cultivated by Cultivation Method...............................................................................................................44 3.58 Area Cultivated by Method of Cultivation and District ......................................................................................44 3.59 Planted Area with Improved Seed by Crop Type................................................................................................44 3.60 Planted Area with Improved Seed by Crop Type................................................................................................44 3.61 Percentage of Crop Type by planted Area with Improved Seeds- Annuals .......................................................45 3.62 Area of Fertilizer Application by Type of Fertilizer and District .......................................................................46 3.63 Area of fertilizer Application by Type of Fertiliser and District ........................................................................46 3.64 Planted Area with Farm Yard Manure by Crop type .........................................................................................46 3.65a Percentage of Planted Area with Farm Yard Manure by Crop Type................................................................46 3.65b Proportion of Planted Area Applied with Farm Yard Manure by District .........................................................46 3.66 Planted Area with Inorganic Fertiliser by Crop type – Annuals .........................................................................47 3.67a Percentage of Planted Area with Inorganic Fertiliser by Crop Type..................................................................47 3.67b Proportion of Planted Area Applied with Inorganic Fertiliser by District..........................................................47 3.68a Planted Area with Compost by Crop Type......................................................................................................... 47 3.68b Percentage of Planted Area with Compost by Crop Type ..................................................................................49 3.68c Proportion of Planted Area Applied with Compost by District ..........................................................................49 3.69 Planted area (ha) by Pesticide Use.......................................................................................................................49 3.70 Planted Area applied with Insecticides by Crop Type ........................................................................................50 3.71 Percentage of Crop Type Planted Area applied with Insecticides ......................................................................50 3.72 Proportion of Planted Area applied with Insecticides by District.......................................................................50 3.73 Planted Area applied with Herbicides by Crop Type..........................................................................................50 3.74 Percentage of Crop Type Planted Area Applied with Herbicides.......................................................................51 3.75 Proportion of Planted Area applied with Herbicides by District during the Long Rainy Season......................51 3.76 Planted Area applied with Fungicides by Crop Type..........................................................................................51 3.77 Percentage of Crop Type Planted Area Applied with Fungicides ......................................................................51 3.78 Proportion of Planted Area Applied with Fungicides by District .......................................................................52 3.79 Area of Irrigated Land..........................................................................................................................................52 3.80 Planted Area Irrigation by District.......................................................................................................................52 3.81 Time Series of Households with Irrigation Practices – Rukwa ..........................................................................53 8.82 Number of Households with Irrigation by Source of Water ...............................................................................53 3.83 Number of Households by Method of Obtaining Irrigation Water.....................................................................53 3.84 Number of Households with Irrigation by Method of Field Application ...........................................................54 3.85 Number of Households and Quantity Stored by Crop Type ...............................................................................54 3.86 Number of Households by Storage Methods.......................................................................................................55 3.87 Number of Households by Method of Storage and District (Based on the Mo.st important Household Crop) 55 3.88 Normal Length of Storage for Selected Crops ....................................................................................................55 3.89 Quantity of Maize Produced (tonnes), Stored and Percent Stored by District ...................................................55 3.90 Number of Households by Purpose of Storage and Crop Type ..........................................................................56 3.91a Households Processing Crops..............................................................................................................................58 3.91b Percent of Households Processing Crops by District ..........................................................................................58 3.92 Percent of Crop Processing Households by Method of Processing ....................................................................58

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3.93 Percent of Households by Type of Main Processed Product ............................................................................. 58 3.94 Number of Households by Type of By-product ..................................................................................................59 3.95 Use of Processed Product.....................................................................................................................................59 3.96 Percentage of Households Selling Processed Crops by District .........................................................................59 3.97 Location of Sale of Processed Products...............................................................................................................59 3.98 Percentage of Households Selling Processed Products by Outlet for sale and District .....................................60 3.99 Number of Crop Growing Households that Selling Crops by District ...............................................................60 3.100 Percentage Distribution of Households that Reported Marketing Problems by Type of Problem ....................60 3.101 Percentage Distribution of Households that Received Credit by Main Sources ................................................62 3.102 Number of Households Receiving Credit by Main Source of Credit and District .............................................62 3.103 Proportion of Households Receiving Credit by Main Purpose of the Credit .....................................................62 3.104 Reasons for Not using Credit (% of Households) ...............................................................................................62 3.105 Number of Households Receiving Extension Advice.........................................................................................63 3.106 Number of Households that Received Extension by District..............................................................................63 3.107 Number of Households Receiving Extension Messages by Type of Extension Provider..................................63 3.108 Number of Households Receiving Extension by Reported Quality of Services ................................................63 3.109 Number of Households by Source of Inorganic Fertiliser ..................................................................................64 3.110 Number of Households Reporting Distance to Source of Inorganic Fertiliser...................................................66 3.111 Number of Households by Source of Improved Seed .........................................................................................66 3.112 Number of Households reporting Distance to Improved Seed ...........................................................................66 3.113 Number of Households by Source of Insecticide/Fungicide...............................................................................67 3.114 Number of Households Reporting Distance to Source of Insecticides/Fungicides............................................67 3.115 Number of Households with Planted Trees by District.......................................................................................67 3.116 Number of Planted Trees by Species...................................................................................................................69 3.117 Number of Trees Planted by Smallholders by Species and District ...................................................................69 3.118 Number of Trees Planted by Location.................................................................................................................69 3.119 Number of Households by purpose of Planted Trees..........................................................................................69 3.120 Number of Households with Erosion Control/Water Harvesting Facilities .......................................................69 3.121 Number and Proportion of Households with Erosion Control/Water Harvesting Facilities by District............70 3.122 Number of Erosion Control/Water Harvesting structures by Type of Facility...................................................70 3.123 Total Number of Cattle ('000') by District...........................................................................................................71 3.124 Numbers of Cattle by Type and District..............................................................................................................71 3.125 Cattle Population Trend .......................................................................................................................................72 3.126 Dairy Cattle Population Trend .............................................................................................................................72 3.127 Total Number of Goats ('000') by District ...........................................................................................................72 3.128 Goat Population Trend ........................................................................................................................................ 73 3.129 Total Number of Sheep by District......................................................................................................................73 3.130 Sheep Population Trend .......................................................................................................................................76 3.131 Total Number of Pigs by District.........................................................................................................................76 3.132 Pig Population Trend............................................................................................................................................76 3.133 Total Number of Chicken by District ..................................................................................................................77 3.134 Chicken Population Trend ...................................................................................................................................77 3.135 Number of Improved Chicken by Type and District...........................................................................................80 3.136 Layer Population Trend........................................................................................................................................80 3.137 Proportion of Livestock Keeping Households that Reported Tsetse flies and Ticks Problems by District.......80 3.138 Percent of Livestock Rearing Households that Dewormed Livestock by Livestock Type and District............82 3.139 Percentage Distribution of Livestock Rearing Households by Quality of Livestock Extension Services.........82 3.140 Number of Households by Distance to Veterinary Clinic...................................................................................82 3.141 Number of Households by Distance to Veterinary Clinic and District...............................................................82 3.142 Number of Households by Distance to Village Watering Point .........................................................................83 3.143 Number of Households by Distance to Watering Point and District ..................................................................83 3.144 Number of Households using Draft Animals ......................................................................................................83 3.145 Number of Households using Draft Animals by District ....................................................................................84 3.146 Number of Households using Organic Fertiliser.................................................................................................84 3.147 Area of Application of Organic Fertiliser by District .........................................................................................84 3.148 Number of Households Practicing Fish Farming – Rukwa.................................................................................84 3.149 Number of Households Practicing Fish Farming by District – Rukwa ..............................................................87 3.150 Fish Production.....................................................................................................................................................87 3.151 Agricultural Households by Type of Toilet Facility ...........................................................................................87 3.152 Percentage Distribution of Households Owning the Assets................................................................................88 3.153 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Energy for Lighting ..............................................88

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3.154 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Energy for Cooking ............................................. 90 3.155 Percentage Distribution of Households by Type of Roofing Material ...............................................................90 Percentage Distribution of Households With Grass/Leaves Roofs by District ..................................................92 3.157 Percentage Distribution of Households Reporting Distance to Main Source of Drinking Water by Season ....92 3.158 Percentage Distribution of the Number of Households by Main Source of Income..........................................92 3.159 Number of Agriculture Households by Number of Meals per day.....................................................................92 3.160 Number of Households by Frequency of Meat and Fish Consumption..............................................................93 3.161 Percent Distribution of the Number of Households by Main Source of Income................................................ 93

List of Maps

3.1 Total Number of Agricultural Households by District........................................................................................12 3.2 Number of Agricultural Households per Square Km of Land by District ..........................................................12 3.3 Number of Crop Growing Households by District..............................................................................................13 3.4 Percent of Crop Growing Households by District...............................................................................................13 3.5 Number of Crop Growing Households per Square Kilometer of Land by District............................................14 3.6 Percent of Crop and Livestock Households by District ......................................................................................14 3.7 Utilized Land Area Expressed as a Percent of Available Land ..........................................................................19 3.8 Total Planted Area (annual crops) by District .....................................................................................................19 3.9 Area planted and Percentage During the Short Rainy Season by District ..........................................................20 3.10 Area Planted with Cereals and Percent of Total Land Planted with Cereals by District ...................................20 3.11 Planted Area and Yield of Maize by District ......................................................................................................24 3.12 Area Planted per Maize Growing Household......................................................................................................24 3.13 Planted Area and Yield of Paddy by District ......................................................................................................26 3.14 Area Planted per Paddy Growing Household......................................................................................................26 3.15 Planted Area and Yield of Cassava by District ...................................................................................................26 3.16 Area Planted per Cassava Growing Household....................................................................................................... 3.27 Planted Area and Yield of Onion by District ......................................................................................................35 3.28 Planted Area and Yield of Onion by District .....................................................................................................35 3.29 Planted Area and Yield of Tobbaco by District ..................................................................................................40 3.30 Area Planted per Tobacco Growing Household ..................................................................................................40 3.24 Area Planted per Cabbage Growing Household..................................................................................................36 3.23 Planted Area and Yield of Cabbage by District ..................................................................................................36 3.19 Planted Area and Yield of Groundnuts by District .............................................................................................32 3.20 Area Planted per Groundnuts Growing Household.............................................................................................32 3.25 Planted Area and Yield of Tomatoes by District................................................................................................33 3.26 Area Planted per Tomatoeso Growing Household..............................................................................................33 3.23 Planted Area and Yield of Cabbage by District ..................................................................................................36 3.24 Area Planted per Cabbage Growing Household..................................................................................................36 3.27 Planted Area and Yield of Cotton by District......................................................................................................39 3.28 Area Planted per Cotton Growing Household.....................................................................................................39 3.33 Planted Area and Yield of Oranges by District ...................................................................................................57 3.34 Area Planted per Orange Growing Household ....................................................................................................57 3.35 Planted Area and Yield of Banana by District ....................................................................................................42 3.36 Area Planted per Banana Growing Household....................................................................................................42 3.39 Planted Area and Percent of Planted Area with No Application of Fertilizer by District..................................48 3.41 Percent of households storing crops for 3 to 6 weeks by district........................................................................57 3.42 Number of Households and Percent of Total Households Selling Crops by District.........................................57 3.43 Number of Households and Percent of Total Households Receiving Crop Extension Services by District .....65 3.44 Number and Percent of Crop Growing Households using Improved Seed by District .....................................65 3.45 Number and percent of smallholder planted trees by district..............................................................................68 3.47 Cattle population by District as of 1st Octobers 2003.........................................................................................74 3.48 Cattle Density by District as of 1st October 2003...............................................................................................74 3.49 Goat population by District as of 1st Octobers 2003 ..........................................................................................75 3.50 Goat Density by District as of 1st October 2003.................................................................................................75 3.51 Sheep population by District as of 1st Octobers 2003 ........................................................................................78 3.52 Sheep Density by District as of 1st October 2003...............................................................................................78 3.53 Pig population by District as of 1st Octobers 2003.............................................................................................79 3.54 Pig Density by District as of 1st October 2003 ...................................................................................................79 3.55 Number of Chickens by District as of 1st October 2003 ....................................................................................81 3.56 Density of Chickens by District as of 1st October 2003 .....................................................................................81

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3.57 Number and Percent of Households Infected with Ticks by District .................................................................85 3.58 Number and Percent of Households Using Draft Animals by District ...............................................................85 3.59 Number and Percent of Households Using Farm Yard Manure by District .......................................................86 3.60 Number and Percent of Households using Compost by District.........................................................................86 3.61 Number and Percent of Households Practicing Fish Farming by District..........................................................89 3.62 Number and Percent of Households Without Toilets by District .......................................................................89 3.63 Number and Percent of Households using Grass/Leaves for roofing material by District ................................91 3.64 Number and Percent of Households eating 3 meals per day by District ............................................................91 3.65 Number and Percent of Households eating Meat Once per Week by District ...................................................94 3.66 Number and Percent of Households eating Fish Once per Week by District.....................................................94 3.67 Number and percent of Households Reporting food insufficiency by District ................................................. 95

INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tanzania Agriculture Sample Census

1

1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction

This part of the report presents a brief description of the regional profile by providing information on geographical

location, land area, climate, administrative set up, population and socio-economic indicators. The information will provide

the user with a general understanding of the region and its resources.

1.2 Geographical Location and Boundaries

Rukwa region is situated in the South West of the country between Latitude 50 and 90degrees south of Equartor and

between Longitudes 300 and 33 degrees East. A good part of Rukwa region lies within the Western branch of east African

Rift Valley known as the “ Western rift Land Province”

Rukwa region, with an area of 75,240 sq. km, (68,635 sq. km. of land and 6,605sq. km. of inland water), takes up abouit

8% of the total land of Tanzania Mainland.

The region is borded by Zambia in the South West, Lake Tanganyika in the west, Ki8goma region in the North west,

Tabora region in the North East and Mbeya region in the East.

The region comprises four districts namely Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural, Nkasi and Sumbawanga Urban.

Land Area

The region has an area of over 340,000 square kilometers, of which 28,695 square kilometers are arable land.

1.4 Climate

The region enjoys favourable climate conditions, varying from a dry sub-humid climate.

Rainfall: Rukwa region has an average rainfall ranging from 800mm. to 1,300mm The region has one main rainy season; from mid November to mid May,

that is long rains (Wet) season Temperature: The Mean annual maximum temperature in the region varies between 240C and 270C and the minimum temperature between 130C and 160C.

1.5 Population

According to the 2002 Population and Housing Census, there were 1,642,015 inhabitants in Rukwa region. The population

of Rukwa region ranked 10th out of the 21 regions in Tanzania.

1.6 Socio - Economic Indicators

The regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at current prices for the year 2003 was estimated to be TShs 348,926 millions

with a per capita income of shillings 236,115. The region held 10th position among regions on GDP and contributed about

4.3 percent to the national GDP1

Rukwa region is famous for limestone and gypsum mineral deposits, all of which are used in the cement factory situated in

the region.

The region is famous for producing both food crops. The main food crops produced in Rukwa region include: maize,

paddy, beans and sorghum. Livestock keeping is also an important economic activity in the region.

1 Hali ya Uchumi wa Taifa Katika Mwaka 2003

INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________________________________________________


2

2. INTRODUCTION

This part of the report provides the technical and operational description of the National Sample Census of Agriculture

(NSCA), carried out in the rural areas of Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar during the 2002/03 agricultural year. It details

the background and the rationale for carrying out the NSCA in 2002/03 agricultural year. It also explains the sampling

procedures, designing and implementation of the data processing system.

2.1 The Rationale for Conducting the National Sample Census of Agriculture

In 2003, the Government of Tanzania launched the Agricultural Sample Census as an important part of the Poverty

Monitoring Master Plan which supports the production of statistics for advocacy of effective public policy, including

poverty reduction, access to services, gender, as well as the standard crop production data normally collected in an

agriculture census. The census is intended to fill the information gap and support planning and policy formulation by high

level decision making bodies. It is also meant to provide critical benchmark data for monitoring Agriculture Sector

Development Programme (ASDP) and other agriculture and rural development programs as well as prioritising specific

interventions of most agriculture and rural development programs.

Following the decentralisation of the Government’s administration and planning functions, there has been a pressing need

for agriculture and rural development data disaggregated at regional and district levels. The provision of district level

estimates will provide essential baseline information on the state of agriculture and support decision making by the Local

Government Authorities in the design of District Agricultural Development and Investment Projects (DADIPS). The

increase in investment is an essential element in the national strategy for growth and reduction of poverty.

This report (Volume V) is among the 21 regional reports for the mainland. Other Census reports include the Technical

Report (Volume I), crop sector at national and regional levels including Zanzibar estimates (Volume II), Livestock Report

(Volume III), Smallholder Household Characteristics and Access to Natural Resources Report (Volume IV), 21 Regional

Reports for the Mainland (Volume V), Large Scale Farms Report (Volume VI) and a separate report for Zanzibar (Volume

VII). In order to address the specific issue of gender, a separate thematic report on gender has been published. Other

thematic reports will be produced depending on the demand and availability of funds. In addition to these reports two

dissemination applications have been produced to allow users to create their own tabulations, charts and maps.

The report is divided into five main sections: Background Information, Introduction, Results, Evaluation and Conclusion

and Appendices. The definitions relating to all aspects of this report can be found in the questionnaire (Appendix III).

2.2 Census Objectives

The 2003 Agriculture Sample Census was designed to meet the data needs of a wide range of users down to district level

including policy makers at local, regional and national levels, rural development agencies, funding institutions, researchers,

Non government Organisations (NGOs), farmer organisations, etc. As a result, the dataset is both more numerous in its

sample and detailed in its scope compared to previous censuses and surveys. To date this is the most detailed Agricultural

Census carried out in Africa. The census was carried out in order to:

• Identify structural changes if any, in the size of farm household holdings, crop and livestock production, farm input

and implement use. It also seeks to determine if there are any improvements in rural infrastructure and in the level of

agriculture household living conditions;

INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________________________________________________


3

• Provide benchmark data on productivity, production and agricultural practices in relation to policies and

interventions promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security and other stake holders.

• Establish baseline data for the measurement of the impact of high level objectives of the Agriculture Sector

Development Programme (ASDP), National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) and other

rural development programs and projects.

• Obtain benchmark data that will be used to address specific issues such as: food security, rural poverty, gender,

agro-processing, marketing, service delivery, etc.

2.3 Census Coverage and Scope

The census was conducted for both large and small scale farms. The National Sample Census of Agriculture covered a total

of 3,221 selected rural villages of Tanzania Mainland out of which 215 villages were from Rukwa region.

The census covered agriculture in detail as well as many other aspects of rural development and was conducted using three

types of questionnaires:

Small scale farm questionnaire

Community level questionnaire

Large scale farm questionnaire

The small scale farm questionnaire was the main census instrument and it includes questions related to crop and livestock

production and practices; population demographics; access to services, resources and infrastructure; issues on poverty,

gender and subsistence versus profit making production units. The main sections covered are as follows:

• Identification (i.e. region, district, ward and village)

• Household and holding characteristics

• Household information

• Land ownership/tenure

• Land use

• Access and use of resources

• Crop and vegetable production

• Agro processing and by-Products

• Crop storage and marketing

• On-farm investment

• Access to farm inputs and implements

• Use of credit for agricultural purposes

• Tree farming/agro-forestry

• Crop extension services

• Livelihood constraints

• Animal contribution to crop production

• Livestock

• Livestock products

• Fish farming

• Livestock extension

• Labour use

INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________________________________________________


4

• Access to infrastructure and other services

• Household facilities

The community level questionnaire was designed to collect village level data such as access and use of common resources,

community tree plantation and seasonal farm gate prices.

The large scale farm questionnaire was administered to large scale farms that were either privately or corporately managed.

There will be a national report on large scale farming on Tanzania Mainland.

2.4 Legal Authority of the National Sample Census of Agriculture

The NSCA 2002/03 was conducted under the legal authority of the 2000 National Bureau of Statistics Act which, among

other things, makes data collected from individuals strictly confidential and to be used for statistical purposes only.

2.5 Reference Period

Two types of reference periods were used namely the agricultural year and the reference date for livestock enumeration.

The agricultural year 2002/03 (that is October 2002 to September 2003) was used for the data items that are related to crop

production. The reference date of enumeration for livestock and poultry count was 1st October 2003.

2.6 Census Methodology

The main focus at all stages of the census execution was on data quality and this is emphasised in this section. The main

activities undertaken include:

- Census organisation

- Tabulation plan preparation

- Sample design

- Design of census questionnaires and other instruments.

- Field protesting of the census instruments

- Training of trainers, supervisors and enumerators

- Information Education and Communication (IEC) campaign

- Data Collection

- Field supervision and consistency checks

- Data processing:

Scanning

ICR extraction of data

Structure formatting application

Batch validation application

Manual data entry application

Tabulation preparation using SPSS

- Table formatting and charts using Excel, map generation using Arc-View and Freehand.

- Report preparation using Word and Excel.

INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________________________________________________


5

2.6.1 Census Organization

The Census was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with the sector ministries of agriculture,

and the Office of the Chief Government Statistician in Zanzibar. At the national level the Census was headed by the

Director General of the National Bureau of Statistics with assistance from the Director of Economic Statistics. The

Planning Group, made up of staff from the National Bureau of Statistics, Department of Agricultural Statistics and three

representatives from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (Department of Policy and Planning), oversaw the

overall operational aspects of the Census. At the regional level, implementation of census activities was overseen by the

Regional Statistical Officer of NBS and the Regional Agriculture Supervisor from the Ministry of Agriculture and Food

Security. At the District level, two supervisors from the President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local

Government (PORALG), managed the enumerators who also came from the same ministry.

Members of the Planning Group had a minimum qualification of a bachelor degree, the regional supervisors were either

agricultural economists, statisticians or statistical officers. The district supervisors and enumerators had diploma level

qualifications in agriculture.

The Census and Surveys Technical Working Group provided support in sourcing financing, approving budget allocations

and technical assistance inputs as well as monitoring the progress of the census. A Technical Committee for the census

was established with members from key stakeholder organisations (i.e. NBS, sector ministries of agriculture, President’s

Office, Planning and Privatization (POPP), PORALG, University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Tanzania Food and Nutrition

Centre (TFNC) and the Office of Chief Government Statistician (OCGS) in Zanzibar). The main function of the committee

was to approve the proposed instruments and procedures developed by the Planning Group. It also approved the

tabulations and analytical reports prepared from the Census data.

2.6.2 Tabulation Plan

The tabulation plan was developed following three user group workshops and thus reflects the information needs of the end

users. It took into consideration the tabulations from previous census and surveys to allow trend analysis and comparisons.

2.6.3 Sample Design

The Mainland sample consisted of 3,221 villages. These villages were drawn from the National Master Sample (NMS)

developed by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) to serve as a national framework for the conduct of household based

surveys in the country. The National Master Sample was developed from the 2002 Population and Housing Census. In

most cases, within each selected village, data was collected from a sub-sample of fifteen agricultural households. In few

large villages thirty households were selected. The total Mainland sample was 48,315 agricultural households. In Zanzibar

a total of 317 EAs were selected and 4,755 agricultural households were covered. Nationwide, all regions and districts

were sampled with the exception of three urban districts (two from Mainland and one from Zanzibar).

In both Mainland and Zanzibar a stratified two stage sample was

used. In the first stage, villages/enumeration areas (EAs) were selected

with probability proportional to the number of villages in each district.

In the second stage, 15 households were selected from a list of

farming households in each Village/EA using systematic random

sampling. Table 2.1 gives the sample size of households, villages and districts for Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar.

Number of Mainland Zanzibar Total

Households 48,315 4,755 53,070Villages/Eas 3,221 317 3,539Districts 117 9 126Regions 21 5 26

Table 2.1: Census Sample Size

INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________________________________________________


6

2.6.4 Questionnaire Design and Other Census Instruments

The census questionnaires were designed following user/producer meetings to ensure that the information collected was in

line with their data needs. Several features were incorporated into the design of the questionnaire to increase the accuracy

of the data:

• Where feasible all variables were extensively coded to reduce post enumeration coding error.

• The definitions for each section were printed on the opposite page so that the enumerator could easily refer to the

instructions whilst interviewing the farmer.

• The responses to all questions were placed in boxes printed on the questionnaire, with one box per character. This

feature made it possible to use scanning and ICR technologies for data entry.

• Skip patterns were used to avoid asking unnecessary questions

• Each section was clearly numbered, which facilitated the use of skip patterns and provided a reference for data type

coding for the programming of CSPro, SPSS and the dissemination applications.

Besides the questionnaires, there were other instruments used:

• Village listing forms that were used for listing households in the villages and from these list a systematic sample of 15

agricultural households were selected from each village.

• Training manual which was used by the trainers for the cascade/pyramid training of supervisors and enumerators. This

manual was trainers guiding document on the procedures to follow during tha training

• Enumerator Instruction Manual which was used as reference material.

2.6.5 Field Pre-Testing of the Census Instruments

The Questionnaire was pre-tested in five locations (Arusha, Dodoma,,Tanga, Unguja and Pemba). This was done

purposely to test the wording, flow and relevance of the questions and to finalise crop lists, questionnaire coding and

manuals. In addition to this, several data collection methodologies had to be finalised, namely, livestock numbers in

pastoralist communities, cut flower production, mixed cropping, use of percentages in the questionnaire and finalising skip

patterns and documenting consistency checks.

2.6.6 Training of Trainers, Supervisors and Enumerators

Cascade/pyramid training techniques were employed to maintain statistical standards. The top level training was provided

to 66 national and regional supervisors (3 per region plus Zanzibar). The trainers were members of the Planning Group

and the trainees were from the National Bureau of Statistics and the sector ministries of agriculture. The second level

training was for the district supervisors and enumerators. This training was conducted in the regions. In each region three

training sessions were conducted for the district supervisors and enumerators. In addition to training in field level Census

methodology and definitions, emphasis was placed on training the enumerators and supervisors in consistency checking.

Tests were given to the enumerators and supervisors and the best 50 percent of the trainees were selected to administer the

smallholder and community level questionnaires. This increased the number of interviews per enumerator but it also

released finance to increase the number of supervisors and hence the Supervisor Enumerator Ratio. The household listing

exercise was carried out by all trained enumerators.

2.6.7 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Campaign

Information, Education and Communication (IEC) is an important aspect of any census/survey undertaking. This is due to

the fact that inadequately informed and hence uncooperative citizens may jeopardize the entire census/survey. As far as the

INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________________________________________________


7

2002/03 Agricultural Sample Census was concerned, the main objective of the IEC program was to sensitize and mobilize

Tanzanians to support, cooperate and participate in the census exercise.

Radio, television, newspapers, leaflets, t-shirts and caps were used to publicise the Sample Census. T-shirts and caps were

used by the field staff and the village chairmen as official uniforms during the field work. The village chairmen helped to

locate the selected households.

2.6.8 Household Listing

The household listing exercise was done in seven days. During the listing exercise, forms ACLF1 and ACLF2 were

administered. The information collected included the number of fields operated by the household, the number of different

types of livestock and poultry. This information was used to determine the agricultural households. From the list of

agricultural households, 15 households were selected for the interview. The selection was done using the Random Number

Table.

2.6.9 Data Collection

Data collection activities for the 2002/2003 Agricultural Sample Census took three months from January to March 2004.

The data collection methods used during the census were by interview and no physical measurements, e.g., crop cutting

and field area measurement were taken. Field work was monitored by a hierarchical system of supervisors at the top of

which was the Mobile Response Team followed by the national, regional, and district supervisors.

The Mobile Response Team consisted of three principal supervisors who provided overall direction to the field operation

and responded to queries arising outside the scope of the training exercise. The mobile response team consisted of the

Manager of Agriculture Statistics Department, Long-term Consultant and Desk Officer for the Census. Decisions made on

definitions and procedures were then communicated back to all enumerators via the national, regional and district

supervisors.

District supervision and enumeration were done by staff from the President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local

Government (PORALG). National and regional supervisions were provided by senior staff of the National Bureau of

Statistics and the sector ministries of agriculture. During the household listing exercise 3,221 extension staff were used.

For the enumeration of the small holder questionnaire, 1,611 enumerators were used and additional 5 percent enumerators

were held in reserve in case of drop outs during the enumeration exercise.

2.6.10 Field Supervision and Consistency Checks

Enumerators were trained to probe the respondents until they were satisfied with the responses given before they recorded

them in the questionnaire. The first check of the questionnaires was done by enumerators in the field during enumeration.

The second check was done by the district supervisors followed by regional and national supervisors. Supervisory visits at

all levels of supervision focused on consistency checking of the questionnaires. Inconsistencies encountered were

corrected, and where necessary a return visit to the respondent was made by the enumerator to obtain the correct

information. Further quality control checks were made through a major post enumeration checking exercise where all

questionnaires were checked for consistencies by all supervisors in the district offices.

INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________________________________________________


8

2.6.11 Data Processing

Data processing consisted of the following processes:

• Manual editing

• Data entry

• Data structure formatting

• Batch validation

• Tabulation

• Illustration production

• Report formatting

Manual Editing

Prior to scanning, all questionnaires underwent a manual cleaning exercise. This involved checking that the questionnaire

had a full set of pages, correct identification and good handwriting. A score was given to each questionnaire based on the

legibility and the completeness of enumeration. This score will be used to assess the quality of enumeration and

supervision in order to select the best field staff for future censuses/surveys.

Data entry/Scanning and ICR extraction technologies

Scanning and ICR data capture technology was used for the small holder questionnaire. This not only increased the speed

of data entry, it also increased the accuracy due to the reduction in keystroke errors. Interactive validation routines were

incorporated into the ICR software to track errors during the verification process. The scanning operation was so

successful that it is highly recommended that this technology be adopted for future censuses/surveys.

The Census and Surveys Processing Program (CSPro) was used to enter 2,880 of small holder questionnaires that were

rejected by the Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) extraction application.

Data structure formatting

A program was developed in visual basic to automatically alter the structure of the output from the scanning/extraction

process in order to harmonise it with the manually entered data. The program automatically checked and changed the

number of digits for each variable, the record type code, the number of questionnaires in the village, the consistency of the

Village Identification (ID) code and saved the data of one village in a file named after the village code.

Batch validation

A batch validation program was developed in order to identify inconsistencies within a questionnaire. This is in addition to

the interactive validation during the ICR extraction process. The procedures varied from simple range checking within

each variable to more complex checking between variables. It took six months to screen, edit and validate the data from

the smallholder questionnaire. After the long process of data cleaning, the results were prepared based on a pre-designed

tabulation plan.

Tabulations

Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to produce the Census results and Microsoft Excel was used to

organize the tables and compute additional indicators.

INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________________________________________________


9

Analysis and report preparation

The analysis in this report focuses on regional and district production estimates, districts comparisons and time series

analysis. Microsoft Excel was used to produce charts; whereas Microsoft Word was used to compile the report.

Data quality

A great deal of emphasis was placed on data quality throughout the whole exercise from planning, questionnaire design,

training, supervision, data entry, validation and cleaning/editing. As a result of this NBS believes that the Census is highly

accurate and representative of what was experienced at field level during the Census year. With very few exceptions the

variables in the questionnaire are within the norms for Tanzania and they follow expected time series trends when

compared to historical data. Standard Errors and Coefficients of Variation for the main variables can be found in the

Technical Report (Volume I).

2.7 Funding Arrangements

The Agricultural Sample Census was supported mainly by the European Union (EU) who financed most of the operational

activities. Other funds for operational activities came from the Government of Tanzania, Government of Japan, United

Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and other partners in the Pool Fund of the Vice President’s Office (VPO). In

addition to this, technical assistance was provided by the European Union (EU), Department for International Development

(DFID) and Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Technical assistances were managed by Ultek Laurence

Gould Consultants (ULG), Scotts Agriculture Consultancy Ltd (SAC) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).

RESULTS – Tree Planting and Erosion Control __________________________________________________________________________________________


10

3. CENSUS RESULTS

This part of the report presents the census results for Rukwa region based on the data tables in Appendix A2. The results

are presented in different forms including brief summaries, charts, condensed tables, graphs and maps in order to make it

easier for the users to understand. Comparisons are made between related variables and between districts. Comparisons are

also made with past censuses/surveys results such as the 1994/95 National Sample Census of Agriculture (NSCA), the

1995/96 and the 1996/97 Expanded Agricultural Survey, the 1997/98 Integrated Agricultural Surveys, the 1998/99 District

Integrated Agricultural Survey and the 1999/00 Rapid Agricultural Appraisal Survey. The presentation of results is divided

into four main sections which are household characteristics, crop results, livestock results and poverty indicators compared

to previous censuses and surveys, more effort has been made in analyzing the results in order to formulate solid

conclusions.

3.1 Household Characteristics

3.1.1 Type of Household The number of agricultural households in Rukwa region

was 172,261. The largest number of agriculture households

was in Sumbawanga Rural (68,935) followed by Mpanda

(59,533), Nkasi (30,483) and Sumbawanga Urban (13,309)

(Map 3.1). The highest density of households was found in

Sumbawanga Urban (22 households/km2) and Sumbawanga

Rural (13 households/ km2 ) (Map 3.2).

Most households (114,069 66.2%) were involved in

growing crops only, 416 households (0.2%) rearing

livestock only and 57,776 (33.5%) were involved in crop

production as well as livestock keeping (Chart 3.1) (Map 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6).

3.1.2 Livelihood Activities/Source of Income

The census results for Rukwa region

indicates that most of the agricultural

households ranked annual crop farming as

an activity that provides most of their cash

income followed by tree/forest resources,

ff-farm income, livestock keeping/herding,

permanent crops, remittances, and

fishing/hunting and gathering.

(Table 3.1)

Sumbawanga Rural and Sumbawanga Urban were the only districts where remittances were the fifty most important source

of livelihood. Moreover, Nkasi was the only district where fishing/hunting and gathering was the fifth most important

source of livelihood.

Table. 3.1 The Livelihood Activities/Source of Income of the Households Ranked in Order of Importance by District

District

Annual Crop

Farming

Permanent Crop

Farming

Livestock Keeping / Herdi

ng

Off Farm Income Remittances

Fishing / Hunting

& Gatherin

g

Tree / Forest

Resources

Mpanda 1 5 4 3 6 7 2 Sumbawanga R 1 6 4 3 5 7 2 Nkasi 1 7 4 3 6 5 2 Sumbawanga U 1 6 4 3 5 7 2 Total 1 5 4 3 6 7 2

Chart 3.1 Agriculture Households by Type - Rukwa

Pastoralists, 0, 0%

Livestock Only, 416,

0.2%

Crops Only, 114,069, 66.2%

Crops and Livestock, 57,776,

33.5%



11

3.1.3 Sex and Age of Head of Households

The number of male-headed agricultural households in

Rukwa region was 150, 902 (88% of the total regional

agricultural households) whilst the female-headed

households were 21,359 12% of the total regional

agricultural households). The mean age of household

heads was 41 years (40 years for male heads and 46 years

for female heads) (Chart 3.2) The percentage trend for six

censuses/surveys years shows that there has not been any

significant change in the distribution of agricultural

households between male and female headed households.

3.1.4 Number and Age of Household Members

Rukwa region had a total rural agricultural

population of 942,269 of which 476,244 (51%)

were males and 466,024 (49%) were females.

Whereas age group 0-14 constituted 48 percent of

the total rural agricultural population, age group

15–64 (active population) was only 46 percent.

Rukwa region had an average household size of 5.5

with Sumbawanga Rural district having the lowest

household size of 5. (Chart 3.3)

3.1.5 Level of Education

In order to obtain information on the level of

education, data was gathered from all persons aged

five years and above in all selected households.

Literacy

The information on literacy level for family

members aged five years and above was obtained

by asking individual private households if their

respective family members could read and write in

Kiswahili only, English only, both English and

Swahili or in any other language. Literacy is based

on the ability to read and write Swahili, English or

both.

Chart 3 3 Percent Distribution of Population by Age and Sex - RUKWA

0

6

12

18

Age Group

Perc

ent

Male Female

Chart 3.2 Percentage Distribution of Agricultural Households by Sex of Household Head

0

25

50

75

100

NSC A 19 9 4 /9 5 EAS 19 9 5/9 6 EAS 19 9 6 /9 7 IAS 19 9 7/9 8 DIAS 19 9 8 /9 9 NSC A 2 0 0 2 /0 3

Ye ar

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds

Male headed households Female headed households

Chart 3.4 Percent Literatecy Level of Household Members by District

0

20

40

60

Sumbawanga Urban Nkasi Sumbawanga Rural MpandaDistrict

Perc

ent

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

22

13

6

3Mpanda

Nkasi

30 to 4030 to 4020 to 3010 to 200 to 10

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

13,309

68,935

30,483

59,533Mpanda

Nkasi

80,000 to 100,00060,000 to 80,00040,000 to 60,00020,000 to 40,000

0 to 20,000

Number of AgriculturalHouseholds

Total Number of AgriculturalHouseholds by District

MAP 3.1 RUKWA

MAP 3.2 RUKWANumber of Agricultural Households

Per Square Kilometer of Landby District

Tanzania Agriculture Sample Census

Number of Agricultural HouseholdsPer Square Kilometer

Number of Agricultural Households

Number of Agricultural HouseholdsPer Square Kilometer

12RESULT

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

100%

99%

100%

100%

Mpanda

Nkasi

80 to 10060 to 8040 to 6020 to 40

0 to 20

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

13,309

68,520

30,483

59,533

Mpanda

Nkasi

80,000 to 100,00060,000 to 80,00040,000 to 60,00020,000 to 40,000

0 to 20,000

Number of Crop GrowingHousehold

Number of Crop GrowingHouseholds by District

MAP 3.3 RUKWA

MAP 3.4 RUKWAPercent of Crop GrowingHouseholds by District


Percent of Crop GrowingHousehold

Number of Crop Growing Household

Percent of Crop Growing Household

RESULT 13

Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

43.2%

42.8%

35.1%

19.5%

Mpanda

Nkasi

40 to 5030 to 4020 to 3010 to 20

0 to 10

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

22

13

6

3

Mpanda

Nkasi

30 to 4030 to 4020 to 3010 to 20

0 to 10

Number of Crop GrowingHousehold per Square Km

Number of Crop Growing Householdsper Square Kilometer of Land

by District

MAP 3.5 RUKWA

MAP 3.6 RUKWAPercent of Crop and Livestock

Households by District


Percent of Crop and LivestockHousehold

Number of Crop Growing Household per Square Kilometer

Percent of Crop and Livestock Household

RESULT 14



15

Literacy Level for Household Members

Rukwa region had a total literacy rate of 61 percent. The highest literacy rate was found in Sumbawanga Urban (66%)

followed by Nkasi district (62%) and Sumbawanga Rural district (65%). Mpanda district had the lowest literacy rates of

(60%) (Chart 3.4).

Literacy Rates for Heads of Households

The literacy rate for the heads of households in the

region was 72 percent. The literacy rates among the

male and female heads of households were 78 and 36

percent respectively. The literacy rate for male

headed of households was higher than that of females

in all districts. However, Sumbawanga Rural and

Sumbawanga Urban districts had the highest literacy

rate amongst heads of households which was (75%)

each followed by Nkasi (71%) and Mpanda (70%

(Chart 3.5).

Educational Status

Information on educational status was collected from individual agricultural households. The results show that 38 percent

of the population aged 5 years and above in agricultural households in the region had completed different levels of

education and 28 percent were still attending school. Those who have never attended school were 34 percent (Chart 3.6).

Agricultural households in Sumbawanga Urban district had

the highest percentage (40%) of population aged 5 years and

above who had completed different levels of education. This

was followed by Nkasi district with (39%) while

Sumbawanga Rural and Mpanda had the lowest

percentages of (38%) Chart 3.7)

The number of heads of agricultural households with formal

education in Rukwa region was 118,763 (68.9%) and those

Chart 3.6 Percentage of Persons Aged 5 Years and Above by Education Status

Completed38.2%

Never Attended

34.1%

Attending School27.7%

Chart 3.7 Percentage of Population Aged 5 Years and Above by District and Educational Status

0

10

20

30

40

50

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rur Nkasi Sumbawanga UrbDistrict

Perc

ent

Attending School Completed Never Attended

Chart 3 .8 Percentage Distribution of Heads of Household by Educational Attainment

Post Primary3 9%

Adult Educ3 5%

NO education27 6%

Primary Education

65 0%

Chart 3.5 Literacy Rates of Head of Household by Sex and District - RUKWA

0

25

50

75

100

Sumbawanga Rural Sumbawanga Urban Nkasi Mpanda

District

Perc

ent

Male Female Total



16

without formal education were 53,498 (31.1%) and those with only adult education who were 6,019 (3.5%). The majority

of heads of agricultural households (65.0%) had primary level education whereas only (3.9%) had post primary education.

With regard to the heads of agricultural households with primary or secondary education in Rukwa region, Sumbawanga

Urban district had the highest percentages (69.2% for primary and 2.8% for secondary). This was followed by

Sumbawanga Rural (67.0% primary and 4.8% secondary), Nkasi (65.4% primary and 3.7% secondary) and Mpanda

(61.6% primary and 3.3% secondary). (Chart 3.8)

3.1.6 Off-farm Income Off-farm income refers to cash generated from non-agricultural activities. This can be either from permanent employment

(i.e., government, private sector or other), temporary employment or labourers. It also includes cash generated from

working on farms belonging to other farmers. Off-farm income is important amongst agriculture households in Rukwa

with 76.5 percent of households having at least one member with off-farm income. In Rukwa region there were 59,888

households (34.8%) with only one member aged 5 and above involved in only one off-farm income generating activity,

53,457 households (31.0%) had two members involved in off-farm income generating activities and 18,456 households

(10.7 %) had more than two members involved in off-farm income generating activities.

Nkasi district had the highest percentage of agriculture households with off-farm income (over 90% of total agriculture

households in the district). Other districts with higher percent of agriculture households with off-farm income were

Sumbawanga Urban (81%) and Sumbawanga Rural (75%) while Mpanda district had the lowest percent of agriculture

households with off-farm income (67%). The district with the highest percent of agriculture households with more than

one member with off-farm income was Nkasi (65 %) followed by Sumbawanga Urban (49%), Sumbawanga Rural (43%)

and Mpanda (27%)

3.2 Land Use

Land area and planted area are two different types of area measurements. Land area refers to the physical area of land and

is the same regardless of the number of crops planted on the land in one year. Planted area is the total area of crops planted

in a year and the area is summed if there were more than one crop on the same land per year. A number of terms are used

in this section which requires defining for clarification as follows:

Land available refers to the area of land that has been allocated to smallholders through customary law, official title or other forms of ownership. Land available does NOT mean the total area of land that is designated as agriculture land in the

Chart 3.9 Number of Household by Number of Members with Off-farm Income

One, 59,888,

35%NO Off-fa rm,

40,459, 23%

Mo re than Two , 18,456,

11%

Two , 53,457,

31%

Chart 3.10 Percentage Distribution of Agricultural Households by Number of Off-farm Activities

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rur Nkasi Sumbawanga Urb

Perc

ent

One Two Mo re Than Two NONE



17

country, however it is the land that is available to smallholders given the location of villages and lack of access to more remote parcels of unused agriculture designated land. Usable land refers to the available land minus the land that cannot be used e.g. bare rock, shallow soils, steep slopes, swamp areas etc. It does however include un-cleared bush, Utilised land refers to the land that was used during the year. 3.2.1 Area of Land Utilised

The total area of land available to smallholders was

574,291 ha. The regional average land area utilised for

agriculture per household was only 2.4 ha. This figure is

slightly above the national average which is estimated at 2.0

hectares. Seventy three percent of the total land available to

smallholders was utilised. Only 27.1 percent of usable land

available to smallholders was not used (Chart 3.11).

Small differences in land area utilised per household exist

between districts with Sumbawanga Rural and Nkasi

utilizing 2.7 and 2.5 ha per household respectively. The

smallest land area utilised per household was found in

Mpanda and Sumbawanga Urban with (2.0 ha) each. The

percentage utilized of the usable land per household was

highest in Sumbawanga Urban (86.2%) and lowest in

Mpanda (63.2%). Seventy three percent of the total land

available to smallholders was utilised. Only 27 percent of

usable land available to smallholders was not used (Chart

3.11 and Map 3.7).

3.2.2 Types of Land Use

The area of land under temporary monocrop was 226,716 hectares (39.5% of the total land available to smallholders in Rukwa), followed by uncultivated usable land (134,711 ha, 23.5%), temporary mixed crops (76,412 ha, 13.3%), area under fallow (55,734 ha, 9.5%), under natural bush (17,243 ha, 3.0%), permanent/annual mix/area rented to others/unusable area had (2,2%) each and permanent mono crop/permanent mixed crop/area under pasture/area under planted trees had (1%) each (chart 3.12) 3.3 Annual Crop and Vegetable Production Rukwa region has one rainy seasons, namely the wet season or the long rainy season (October to March). The quantity of crops produced in the wet season will be used as a base for comparison with the past surveys and censuses.

Chart 3.12 Land Area by Type of Use

23.5

39.5

13.3

9.7

3.0

2.2

2.2

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.1

0.9

0 100,000 200,000 300,000

Area under Permanent Mono Crops

Area under Planted Trees

Area under Permanent Mixed Crops

Area under Pasture

Area Rented to Others

Area under Permanent / Annual Mix

Area Unusable

Area under Natural Bush

Area under Fallow

Area under Temporary Mixed Crops

Area of Uncultivated Usable Land

Area under Temporary Mono Crops

Land

Use

Area (hectares)

C hart 3.11 Uti l i z e d and Usable Land pe r house hold by district

0 0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

Mpanda SumbawangaRural

Nkasi SumbawangaUrban

Districts

Are

a/ho

useh

old

0 0

20 0

40 0

60 0

80 0

100 0

Perc

enta

ge u

tiliz

ed

Are a utilis e d (Ha ) To ta l Us a ble Are a a va ila ble (ha ) P e rc e nt Utilis a tio n

Chart 3.13 Area Planted (Ha) with Annual Crops by Season

Dry Season, 1,049, 0.3%

Wet Season, 302,345, 99.7%



18

3.3.1 Area Planted The area planted with annual crops and vegetables was 303,393 hectares out of which 1,049 hectares (0.3%) were planted

during dry season and 302,345 hectares (99.7%) during wet season. The average areas planted per household during the

dry and wet rainy seasons was (1.4 ha) and (1.8 ha) respectively (Chart 3.13). The districts with dry season cultivation

were Sumbawanga Rural with the average planted area of 1.8 ha per household followed with Nkasi (0.8 ha) and

Sumbawanga Urban (0.5 ha). The district with the largest area planted per household in wet season was Sumbawanga

Rural (2.0 ha), Nkasi (1.8ha), Mpanda (1.5 ha) and Sumbawanga Urban (1.5 ha).

The district with the smallest average area planted in

both dry and wet rainy seasons was Sumbawanga

Urban with (56 ha and 20,109 ha ). Therefore, it can be

concluded that Rukwa Region had mono- agricultural

season which is wet season (Chart 3.14 and Map 3.8).

The planted area occupied by cereals during the wet

season was 203,500 ha (67.3% of the total area planted

with annuals). This was followed by pulses (37,551

hectares, 12.4%), roots and tubers (28,595 hectares,

9.5%), oil seeds (28,178 hectares, 9.3%) cash crops

(3,295 hectares (1.1%) and fruits and vegetables (1,225

hectares (0.4%).

The average area planted per household during the wet

season in Rukwa region was 1.8 hectares, however,

there were large district differences. Sumbawanga

Rural had the largest planted area per household (2.0

ha) followed by Nkasi (1.8 ha), Mpanda (1.6 ha) and

Sumbawanga Urban (1.5 ha) each. (Chart 3.15 and

Map 3.9).

Analysis of the Most Important Crops

Results on crop production are presented in two different sections. The first section compares the importance of each crop

regardless of whether they are annual or permanent. The second section contains a more detailed analysis on production

based on crop types.

C hart 3.15 Are a Plante d with An nual C rops pe r House hold by S e ason and District

0 000

1 000

2 000

3 000

SumbawangaRural

Nkansi Mpanda SumbawangaUrban

District

Are

a Pl

ante

d (h

a)

We t S e a s o n We t S e a s o n

Chart 3.14 Area Planted with Annual Crops by Season and Dis trict

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

Sumbawanga Urban Sumbawanga Rural Nkansi MpandaDistrict

Are

a Pl

ante

d (h

a)0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

Perc

enta

ge P

lant

ed

Wet Season Dry Season % Area planted in Dry season

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

20,109 ha

132,698 ha

53,306 ha

96,231 haMpanda

Nkasi

160,000 to 200,000120,000 to 160,000

80,000 to 120,00040,000 to 80,000

0 to 40,000

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

63.2%

86.2%

79.1%

72.2%

Mpanda

Nkasi

80 to 10060 to 8040 to 6020 to 40

0 to 20

Utilized Land Area

Utilized Land Area Expressed as aPercent of Available Land

by District

MAP 3.7 RUKWA

MAP 3.8 RUKWATotal Planted Area (Annual Crops)

by District


Area Planted Annual Crop

Utilized Land Area Expressed as a Percent

Area Planted Annual Crop

RESULT 19

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

42ha

0ha

97ha

288ha

0.21%

0%

0.22%

0.18%

Mpanda

Nkasi

240 to 290180 to 240120 to 180

60 to 1200 to 60

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

1,047ha

17,901ha

1,446ha

8,741ha

5.2%

13.5%

2.7%

9.1%

Mpanda

Nkasi

16,000 to 20,00012,000 to 16,000

8,000 to 12,0004,000 to 8,000

0 to 4,000

Planted Area (ha)

Area Planted and Percentage Duringthe Short Rainy Season

by District

MAP 3.9 RUKWA

MAP 3.10 RUKWAArea Planted with Cereals and Percent

of Total Land Planted WithCereals by District


Planted Area (ha)

Percent of Total Land Planted With Cereals Crop

Percentage of Area Planted During theShort Rainy Season

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area (ha)

RESULT 20



21

3.3.2 Crop Importance Maize is the dominant annual crop grown in Rukwa region and it had a planted area 4.6 times greater than beans, which

had the second largest planted area. The area planted with maize constitutes 94.8 percent of the total area planted with

annual crops in the region. Other crops in order of their importance (based on area planted) are beans, cassava, paddy,

finger millet, groundnuts, sunflower, sorghum, tobacco, sweet potatoes, wheat and tomatoes. (Chart 3.16) Households that

grow finger millet, maize, paddy wheat and sorghum had larger planted areas per household than those growing other

crops (Chart 3.17a).

3.3.3 Crop Types

Cereals are the main crops grown in Rukwa region. The area planted with cereals during the wet season was 203,500

hectares (67.3% of the total planted area), followed by pulses with (37,551 ha, 12.4%), root and tubers 28,595 hectares

(9.5%), oil seeds 28,178 hectares (9.3%), cash crops 3 295 hectares (1.1%) and fruits and vegetables 1,225 hectares (0.4%)

(Chart 3.17b).

Cereals and pulses are the dominant crops in both seasons and other crop types are of minor importance in comparison.

There is little difference in the proportions of the different crop types grown between seasons and because dry season

production was very small compared to wet season it is inappropriate to make detailed comparisons between the two

seasons (Chart 3.18).

Chart 3.17b Percentage Distribution of Planted Area with Annual Crops by Crop Type

Cash Crops1 1%

Fruits & Vegetables

0 4%Oil Seess & Oil

Nuts9 3%

Roots & Tubers9 5%

Pulses12 4%

Cereals67 3%

Chart 3.17a Planted Area (ha) per Household by Selected Crop - RUKWA

0.00

0.35

0.70

1.05

Finger M

llet

Maize

Paddy

Wheat

Sorghum

Tobacc

o

Sunflow

er

Cowpeas

Beans

Cassava Yam

s

Bambar

anuts

Ground

nuts

Cotton

Sweet Pota

toes

Soya Bean

s

Irish P

otatoes

Cocoyam

Field Peas

Bulrush M

illet

Simsim

Crop

Plan

ted

Are

a (h

a)

2 7

3 7 551

2 79

2 8 59 5

0

2 8 178

3 3

3 2 9 5

0

1 2 2 5

0

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

Are

a (h

ecta

res)

Cereals Pulses Roots &T ubers

Oil Seeds &Oil Nuts

Cash Crops Fruit s &Vegetables

Crop Type

C hart 3.18 Are a Plan te d with An nual C rops by C rop Type and Se ason

W et Season Dry Season

Chart 3.16 Planted Area (ha) for the Main Crops - RUKWA

0

60000

120000

Maiz

eBea

ns

Cassav

aPa

ddy

Finge

r Mille

t

Ground

nuts

Sunfl

ower

Sorgh

um

Tobac

co

Swee

t Pota

toes

Whea

t

Tomato

es

Crop

Plan

ted

Are

a (h

a)



22

3.3.4 Cereal Crop Production

The total production of cereals was 240,623 tonnes.

Maize was the dominant cereal crop with the

production of 163,432 tonnes which was 67.9

percent of total cereal crops produced, followed by

paddy (20.6%), finger millet (6.6%) sorghum

(4.1%), wheat (0.8%) and) bulrush millet (0.01).

(Map 3.10).

The area planted with maize was dominant and it

represented 73.6 percent of the total area planted

with cereal crops, followed by paddy (12.5%),

finger millet (9.3%), Sorghum (3.6%), wheat 1.0%), and bulrush millet (0.01%).

Paddy had the highest yield of (1940kg/ha), followed by sorghum (1,343 kg/ha), bulrush millet (1,186 kg/ha), maize (1,089

kg/ha), wheat (966 kg/ha) and finer millet (833 kg/ha) (Chart 3.19).

3.3.4.1 Maize

Maize dominated the production of cereal crops in the

region. The number of households growing maize in

Rukwa region during the wet season was 159,160 (72.0%

of the total crop growing households in the region during

the wet season). The total production of maize during

wet season was 163,277 tonnes from a planted area of

149,606 hectares resulting in a yield of (1.09 t/ha).

(Chart 3.20) indicates the maize production trend (in

thousand metric tonnes) for the wet season. There was a

sharp decrease in maize production over the period of

1996 to 1998 after which the production increased sharply

by the year 1998. In the year 1999 to 2000 the production

was almost stable after which the production increased

steadily up to the year 2003. The average area planted

with maize per household was 0.94 hectares; however it

ranged from 0.78 hectares in Mpanda district to 1.04

hectares in both Sumbawanga rural and Nkasi. (Map

3.21). Sumbawanga Rural district had the largest area for

maize (66,238 ha) followed by Mpanda (43,301 ha),

Nkasi (28,111 ha). Sumbawanga Urban district had the

smallest planted area (12,382 ha) (Chart 3.21 and Map 3.11).

Table 3.2: Area, Production and Yield of Cereal Crops by Season

Wet Season

Crop Area Planted (ha) Quantity harvested (tonnes) Yield (kg/ha)

Maize 150,033 163,432 1,089

Paddy 25,526 49,520 1,940

Finger Millet 18,967 15,798 833

Sorghum 7,405 9,942 1,343

Wheat 1,979 1,911 966 Bulrush Millet 17 20 1,176

Total 203,928 240,623

Chart 3.20: Time Series Data on Maize Production - RUKWA

126

172

136

163126

70

120

0

50

100

150

200

1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/2000 2002/03Census/Survey year

Prod

uctio

n ('0

00')

tonn

es

Chart 3.21 Maize: Total Area Planted and Planted Area per Household by District

66,2

38

43,3

01

28,1

11

12,3

83

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

Sumbawanga Rural Mpanda Nkansi SumbawangaUrban

District

Are

a (H

a)

0 00

0 20

0.40

0 60

0 80

1 00

1 20

Are

a Pl

ante

d pe

r H

ouse

hold

Planted Area (ha) are/hh



23

Charts (3.20 and 3.22) show that, both production and yield of maize dropped sharply from 1995/96 to 1997/98 after which

both increased gradually up to 2002/03. On the other hand

the planted area was almost stable from 1994/95 to 1996/97

and after increasing rapidly in the year 1997/98 but the

exceeding years from 1998 to 2003 the yield remained

almost constant the quantity produced has increased and this

has been due to a large increase in the area under

production. The area planted with maize remained constant

over the period from 1994 to 1996 after which the area

under production expanded gradually until 2000 and the

area has remained constant ever since. (Chart 3.22)

3.3.4.2 Paddy

Paddy is the second most important cereal crop in the region in terms of planted area. The number of households that grew

paddy in Rukwa region during the wet season was 30,132.

This represented 17.6 percent of the total annual crop

growing households in Rukwa region in the wet season.

The total production of paddy was 49,520 tonnes from a

planted area of 25,526 hectares resulting in a yield of (1.9

t/ha). The district with the largest area planted with

Paddy was Sumbawanga Rural (12,505 ha) followed by

Nkasi (11,605 ha). Mpanda and Sumbawanga Urban did

not grow any paddy. (Map 3.13) There was a small

insignificant variation in the average planted area per crop

growing household between the two districts of Nkasi and Sumbawanga Rural ranging from 0.85 hectares to 0.95 hectares

respectively (Chart 3.23 and Map 3.14)

. There was a sharp decrease in the production of paddy from 1994/95 to 1995/96. From 1997/98 and 1998/99 the

production increased. The production dropped from 7,941 tons in 1995/96 to 3642 tonnes in 1997/98 after which it rose to

over 6,000 tonnes in the following two years of 1998/99 and 1999/2000. Thereafter the yield had been almost stable

fluctuating between (2500 kg/ha ) and 900kg/ha) Charts 3.23 and 3.25

Chart 3.22 Time Series of Maize Planted Area & Yield - RUKWA

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2002/03Agriculture Year

Are

a (h

ecta

res)

0.0

1.2

2.3

Yie

ld (t

/ha)

Area Yield

Chart 3.25 Time Series of Paddy Planted Area and Yield - RUKWA

0

2500

5000

7500

1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/200 2002/03

Agriculture Year

Are

a (h

ecta

res)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Yie

ld (t

/ha)

Area Planted Yield

0

Chart 3.23 Total Planted Area and Area of Paddy per Household by District

12,5

05

11,6

05

0

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

SumbawangaRural


District

Are

a (H

a)

0.00

0.50

1.00

Are

a pl

ante

d pe

r ho

useh

old

Planted Area (ha) Area /hh

Chart 3.24 Time Series Data on Paddy Production - TANGA

87 7

13

5

26

16

0

10

20

30

1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/200 2002/03Census/Survey year

Prod

uctio

n ('0

00')

tons

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

0.9ha

0.8ha

1ha

1ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

0.96 to 10.92 to 0.960.88 to 0.920.84 to 0.880.8 to 0.84

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

12,383ha

66,238ha

28,111ha

43,301ha

1.1t/ha

0.9t/ha

1.3t/ha

1.0t/ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

80,000 to 100,00060,000 to 80,00040,000 to 60,00020,000 to 40,000

0 to 20,000

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area and Yield of Maizeby District

MAP 3.11 RUKWA

MAP 3.12 RUKWAArea Planted per Maize Growing

Household by District


Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area per Household

Yield (t/ha)

Planted Area Per Household

RESULT 24



25

3.3.4.3 Other Cereals

Other cereals produced in Rukwa Region included: sorghum (7,405 ha), finger millet (18,967 ha), bulrush millet (17 ha)

and wheat (1,979 ha). While bulrush millet was grown in Nkasi

district only, wheat was produced in all districts except Mpanda.

(Chart 3.26).

3.3.5 Roots and Tuber Crops Production

The total production of roots and tubers was 45,702 tonnes.

Cassava production was higher than any other root and tuber

crop in the region with a total production of 39,818 tonnes

representing 87 percent of the total root and tuber crops

production. This was followed by sweet potatoes (4,699 tonnes,

10%), Irish potatoes with 1,031 tonnes (2%), yams (127t, 0.3%)

and coco yams (27t, 0.06%) (Table 3.3) The area planted with

cassava was therefore larger than any other root and tuber crops

and it was the most important root and tuber crop in Rukwa in

terms of planted area. It accounted for 89.6 percent of the area

planted with roots and tubers, followed by sweet potatoes (9.4%),

Irish potatoes 1.0%), cocoyam (0.05%). and cocoyam (0.02%)

There was a significant increase in the area planted with cassava

and Irish potatoes from 1994/95 to 2002/03. The area for sweet

potatoes and yams remained more or less constant.

The estimated yield was high for yams (9.7 t/ha) and

cocoyam (3.9t/ha). Irish potatoes (3.7t/ha), sweet potatoes

(1.8 t/ha) and cassava (1.6 t/ha)

3.3.5.1 Cassava

The number of households growing cassava in the region

was 53,929. This represents 31.4 percent of the total crop

growing households in the region. The total production

of cassava during the census year was 39,818 tonnes from

a planted area of 25,611 hectares resulting in a yield of

(1.6t/ha).

Table 3.3: Area, Production and Yield of Roots & Tuber Crops Crops by Season

Wet Season

Crop

Area Planted (ha)

Quantity harvested (tonnes)

Yield (kg/ha)

Cassava 25,611 39,818 1,555 Sweet Potatoes 2,681 4,699 1,753 Irish Potatoes 282 1,031 3,656

Yams 13 127 9,669

Cocoyam 7 27 3,857

Total 28,594 45,702

Chart 3.27 Area Planted and Yield of Major Root and Tuber Crops

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

Cassava SweetPotatoes

IrishPotatoes

Yams Cocoyam

Crop

Are

a Pl

ante

d (h

a)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

Yie

ld (k

g/ha

)

Yield (kg/ha)

Chart 3.28 Area Planted with Cassava during the Census/Survey Years

0

15,000

30,000

45,000

1994/95 1995/96 1998/99 2002/03Y e arCassava

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

Are

a (H

a)

S umba wangaRura l

Mpa nda Nka si S umba wangaUrba n

District

Chart 3.26 Area Planted with Sorghum, Finger Millet, Bulrush Millet and Wheat by District

Sorghum Finger Millet Bulrush Millet Wheat

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

0.3ha

0.5ha

0.6ha

0.4ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

0.54 to 0.610.48 to 0.540.42 to 0.480.36 to 0.420.3 to 0.36

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

6,817ha

146ha

6,165ha

12,483ha

1.5t/ha

1.6t/ha

2.3t/ha

1.2t/ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

12,000 to 13,0009,000 to 12,0006,000 to 9,0003,000 to 6,000

0 to 3,000

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area and Yield of Cassava by District

MAP 3.15 RUKWA

MAP 3.15 RUKWAArea Planted per Cassava Growing



Planted Area (ha)


Yield (t/ha)


RESULT 26



27

Previous censuses and surveys indicate that the area planted with cassava increased from 1995/96 to 2002/03 (3.28). The

planted area with cassava accounted for 8.5 percent of the total planted with annual crops. Sumbawanga Rural district had

the largest planted area of cassava (12,483 ha, 48.7% of the total cassava planted area in the region) followed by Nkasi

(6,817 ha, 26.6%), Mpanda ( 6,165 ha, 24.1%) and Sumbawanga Urban (146 ha, 0.6%). (Map 3.15). However, the district

with the highest proportion of land planted with cassava was Sumbawanga Rural district (23.4%) followed by Mpanda

(6.4%), Nkasi (5.1%) and Sumbawanga Urban (0.7%) (Chart 3.29).

The average cassava planted area per cassava growing household was 0.47 hectares. There were small district variations.

The area planted per cassava growing household was greatest in Nkasi (0.57 ha), this was followed by Sumbawanga Rural

(0.53 ha), Mpanda (0.42 ha) and Sumbawanga Urban

(0.27ha) (Chart 3.30 and Map 3.16).

3.3.5.2 Sweet Potatoes

The number of households growing sweet potatoes in

Rukwa region was 9,530. This was 14.7 percent of the

total root and tuber crop growing households during the

wet season. The total production of sweet potatoes

during the census year was 4,699 tonnes from a planted

area of 2,681 hectares resulting in a yield of (1.75t/ha).

Mpanda District has the largest planted area

for sweet potatoes (1,400 ha, 52.2%),

followed by Sumbawanga Rural (728 ha,

27.1%), Nkasi (469 ha, 17.5%) and

Sumbawanga Urban (85 ha, 3.2%).

3.3.6 Pulse Crops Production

The total area planted with pulses was

37,831 hectares out of which 37,530 ha

were planted with beans (99.2 percent of the total area planted with pulses), followed by bambaranuts (108 ha, 0.29%),

green grams (102 ha, 0.27%), cowpeas (68 ha, 0.18%) and field peas (23 ha, 0.06). Mung beans, pigeon peas and chick

peas were not grown in the region.

Table 3.4: Area, Production and Yield of Pulses by Season

Wet Season Total

Crop

Area Planted

(ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (kg/ha)

Area Planted

(ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (kg/ha)

Beans 37,251 17,265 463 37,530 17,308 461

Bambaranuts 108 93 861 108 93 861

Green Gram 102 151 1,480 102 151 1,480

Cowpeas 68 47 691 68 47 691

Field Peas 23 11 478 23 11 478

Total 37,552 17,567 37,831 17,610

0.57

0.53

0.42

0.27

0 00

0 20

0 40

0 60

Are

a pe

r H

ouse

hold

Nkasi SumbawangaRur

Mpanda SumbawangaUrb

District

Chart 3.30: Cassava Planted Area per Cassava Growing Households by District

Chart 3.31: Sweet Potatoes: Total Area Planted and Planted Area Per Household

0

500

1,000

1,500

Mpanda SumbawangaRur

Nkasi SumbawangaUrb

District

Are

a Pl

ante

d (h

a)

0.00

0.18

0.36

0.54

Are

a Pl

ante

d pe

r H

ouse

hold

Area Planted Area per Household

Chart 3.29 Percent of Cassava Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Cassava by District

48.7

26.624.1

0.60.0

25.0

50.0

Sumbawanga Rural Nkasi Mpanda Sumbawanga UrbanDistrict

Perc

ent o

f Tot

al A

rea

Plan

ted

0

10

20

30

Perc

ent A

rea

Plan

ted

of T

otal

La

nd A

rea

% o f Area P la nted with Cas s ava P ro po rtio n o f La nd Area



28

The total production of pulses was 17,610 tonnes.

Beans were the most cultivated crop producing

17,308 tonnes which accounted for 98.3 percent of

the total pulse production. This was followed by

green grams (151t, 0.86%), bambaranuts (93t,

0.53%), cowpeas (47t, 0.27%) and field peas (11t,

0.06%). Green grams and bambaranuts had

relatively higher yields of 1,480 and 861 kgs/ha)

respectively. The yields of the rest of the pulses in

kilograms per hectare were cowpeas (691 kgs/ha),

field peas (478 kgs/ha) and beans (461 kgs/ha)

(Chart 3.32).

3.3.6.1 Beans Beans dominated the production of pulse crops in the region. The number of households growing beans in Rukwa region during the wet season was 78,216. The total production of beans in the region was 17,265 tonnes from a planted area of 37,251 hectares resulting in a yield of (0.46 t/ha).The largest area planted with beans in the region was in Sumbawanga Rural district (17,142 ha, 46.0%) (Chart 3.33 and Map 3.17), however, the largest area planted with beans per beans growing household was in Sumbawanga Rural district (0.56 ha) (Chart 3.34). The average area planted per household in the region during the wet season was (0.48 ha). The variations in area planted with beans per household among districts in the region was not significant important as it ranged from (0.37 ha) in Sumbawanga Urban to (0.45 ha) in Mpanda. (Map 3.18).

Chart 3 32 Area Planted and Yield of Major Pulse Crops

0

8,000

16,000

24,000

32,000

40,000

Beans Bambaranuts Green Gram Cowpeas Field PeasCrop

Are

a Pl

ante

d (h

a)

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

Yie

ld (k

g/ha

)

Yield (kg/ha)

Chart 3.33 Percent of Bean Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Beans by District

0

6

12

18

SumbawangaUrb

Sumbawanga Rur Nkasi Mpanda

District

Perc

ent o

f Lan

d

0

2

4

6

Perc

ent A

rea

Plan

ted

of

Tota

l Lan

d A

rea

% of area planted with beans Proportion of land

Chart 3.35: Time Series Data on Beans Production - RUKWA

16

2

53

16

17

4637

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/2000 2002/03

Year

Prod

uctio

n ('0

00')

tons

0 56

0 45 0 420 37

0 00

0 15

0 30

0 45

0 60

Are

a pe

r H

ouse

hold

SumbawangaRur

Mpanda Nkasi SumbawangaUrb

District

Chart 3.34 Area Planted per Bean Growing Household by District Wet Season

Chart 3.36: Time Series of Beans Planted Area & Yield - RUKWA

0

14,000

28,000

42,000

1996/97 1998/99 1999/2000 2002/03Agriculture Year

Are

a (h

ecta

res)

0.00

0.15

0.30

0.45

Yie

ld (t

/ha)

Beans (Ha) Yild (kg/ha

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

0.6ha

0.4ha

0.5ha

0.4ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

0.8 to 10.6 to 0.80.4 to 0.60.2 to 0.40 to 0.2

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

3,043ha

17,142ha

6,810ha

10,255ha

0.4t/ha

0.5t/ha

0.4t/ha

0.5t/ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

16,000 to 20,00012,000 to 16,000

8,000 to 12,0004,000 to 8,000

0 to 4,000

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area and Yield of Beansby District

MAP 3.17 RUKWA

MAP 3.18 RUKWAArea Planted per Beans Growing



Planted Area (ha)


Yield (t/ha)


RESULT 29



30

In Rukwa region, bean production was fluctuating from the year 1995/96 to 1998/99 after which the production increased

steadily over the period 1998/99 to 2003 from 16,000 tonnes in 1998/99 to 17,000 tonnes in 2002/2003 (Chart 3.35).

Charts 3.35 and 3.36 shows that whilst the yield of beans remained fairly constant in the last 3 years, the quantity produced

had remained stable ranging between 40,000 in the year 1998 to 37,000 tonnes tin 2003 (Chart 3.36).

3.3.7 Oil Seed Production

The total production of oilseed crops was 17,419

tonnes planted on an area of 28,520 hectares.

Groundnuts were most important oilseed crop with

16,570 hectares (58.1% of the total area planted with

oil seeds), followed by sunflower (11,758 ha, 41.2%),

soya beans (127 ha, 0.45%) and simsim (65 ha, 0.23%).

The production of groundnuts was 11,126 tonnes which

accounted for 63.9 percent of the total production of oil

seeds, followed by sunflower (35.0%), soya beans

(0.88%) and simsim (0.20%).

3.3.7.1 Groundnuts During the wet season the number of households growing

groundnuts in that season was 44,997. The total production of groundnuts in the region was 11,055 tonnes from a planted

area of 16,522 hectares resulting in a yield of (0.67 t/ha). Area planted had been increased from 1,292 hectares in 1994/95

to 16,570 hectares in 2002/03 (Chart 3.38)

Table 3 5: Area, Quantity Harvested and Yield of Oil Crops by Season

Wet Season Total

Crop Area Planted

(ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Area Planted

(ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (kg/ha)

Groundnuts 16,522 11,126 16,570 11,126 671 Sunflower 11,758 6,103 11,758 6,103 519 Soya Beans 127 154 127 154 1208 Simsim 65 35 65 35 540 Total 28,520 17,419 28,520 17,419

Chart 3.37 Area Planted and Yield of Major Oil Seed Crops

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

Groundnuts Sunflower Soya Beans SimsimCrop

Are

a Pl

ante

d (h

a)

-200

200

600

1000

1400

Yie

ld (k

g/ha

)

Yield (kg/ha)

1,2923,178

8,703

16,570

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Plan

ted

Are

a

1994/95 1995/96 1998/99 2002/03

Year

Chart 3.38 Time Series Data on Groundnuts Planted AreaChart 3.39 Percent of Groundnuts Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Groundnuts by District

0.0

5.0

10.0

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rur Nkasi Sumbawanga Urb

District

Perc

ent o

f Lan

d

0.00

0.40

0.80

1.20

Perc

ent A

rea

Plan

ted

of T

otal

Lan

d A

rea

Percent of Land Proportion of Land



31

Sixty percent of the area planted with groundnuts was

located in Mpanda district (9,874 ha) followed by

Sumbawanga Rural (5,136 ha, 31%), Nkasi (1,333 ha, 8%)

and Sumbawanga Urban (180 ha, 1%). (Map 3.19) The

district with the highest proportion of land with groundnuts

was Sumbawanga Rural, followed by Mpanda,

Sumbawanga Urban and Nkasi. (Chart 3.39 and Map 3.20)

The largest area planted per groundnut growing household

was found in Mpanda district (0.48 ha) and the lowest was

in Sumbawanga Urban (0.20 ha). The range between the

district with the highest and the lowest area planted per

household depicts small variations in area planted among the districts (Chart 3.40).

3.3.8 Fruit and Vegetables

The collection of fruit and vegetables production data was difficult due to the small quantities produced per household.

Most of the data presented here gives the production of smallholders who grew these crops as cash crops and not merely

for household consumption.

The total production of fruits and vegetables was 4,211 tonnes. The most cultivated fruit and vegetable crop was tomatoes

with a production of 2,136 tonnes (48% of the total

fruit and vegetables produced) followed by onions

(1,139t, 22%), Cabbage (739t, 14%) and

Amaranths (110t, 10%). The production of the

other fruit and vegetables crops was relatively

small (Table 3.6).

The yield of tomatoes was 3,665 kg/ha, onions

(4,279 kg/ha), cabbage (4,212 kg/ha), Amaranths

(879 kg/ha), spinach (1,336 kg/ha), pumpkins (540

kg/ha) and carrot (2kg/ha) (Chart 3.42).

3.3.8.1 Tomatoes

Sumbawanga Rural district had the largest planted area

of tomatoes (42% of the total area planted with

tomatoes in the region), followed by Mpanda (29%),

Sumbawanga Urban (22%) and Nkasi (6%) (Map 3.21).

Table 3.6: Area, Production and Yield of Fruits and Vegetables by Season

Wet Season Total Crop Area

Planted (ha)

Quantity Harvested (tons)

Yield (kg/ha)

Area Planted (ha)


Yield (kg/ha)

Tomatoes 583 2,136 3,665 583 2,136 3,665 Onions 266 1,139 4,279 266 1,139 4,279 Cabbage 176 739 4,212 176 739 4,212 Amaranths 125 110 879 125 110 879 Spinnach 51 68 1,336 51 68 1,336 Pumpkins 22 12 540 22 12 540 Carrot 3 7 2 3 7 2 Total 1,225 4,211 1,225 4,211

Chart 3.42 Area Planted and Yield of Fruit and Vegetables

0

300

600

Tomatoes Onions Cabbage Amaranths Spinnach Pumpkins CarrotCrop

Are

a Pl

ante

d (h

a)

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

Yie

ld (k

g/ha

)

0.48

0.29 0.27

0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

Are

a pe

r H

ouse

hold

(ha)

Mpanda Nkasi Sumbawanga Rur Sumbawanga Urb

District

Chart 3.40 Area Planted per Groundnut Growing Households by District (Wet Season )

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

0.3ha

0.2ha

0.3ha

0.5ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

0.8 to 10.6 to 0.80.4 to 0.60.2 to 0.4

0 to 0.2

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

5,136ha

180ha

1,333ha

9,874ha

0.5t/ha

0.5t/ha

1.2t/ha

0.7t/ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

8,000 to 10,0006,000 to 8,0004,000 to 6,0002,000 to 4,000

0 to 2,000

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area and Yield ofGroundnuts by District

MAP 3.19 RUKWA

MAP 3.20 RUKWAArea Planted per Groundnuts

Growing Householdby District


Planted Area (ha)


Yield (t/ha)


RESULT 32

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

0.1ha

0.2ha

0.2ha

0.2ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

0.18 to 0.20.16 to 0.180.14 to 0.160.12 to 0.140.1 to 0.12

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

129ha

35ha

173ha

245ha

5t/ha

0.9t/ha

1.9t/ha

4.6t/ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

400 to 500300 to 400200 to 300100 to 200

0 to 100

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area and Yield ofTomatoes by District

MAP 3.21 RUKWA

MAP 3.22 RUKWAArea Planted per Tomatoes



Planted Area (ha)


Yield (t/ha)


RESULT 33



34

The district with the highest proportion of land with tomatoes was Sumbawanga Rural followed by Sumbawanga Urban district. With exception of Sumbawanga Rural district, the rest of the districts have relatively low percentage of land used

for tomato production (Chart 3.43). The largest area planted per tomato growing household was found in Mpanda district (0.22 ha) followed by Nkasi (0.21 ha), Sumbawanga Urban (0.16 ha) and Sumbawanga Rural (0.14 ha) (Chart 3.44 and Map 3.22). The total area planted with tomatoes accounted for 0.19 percent of the total area planted with annual crops and vegetables during the wet season. 3.3.8.2 Onions The number of households growing onions in the region during the wet season was 1,718. This represented 1.0 percent of the total crop growing households in the region. The district with the largest planted area with onions was Sumbawanga Urban (110 ha, 41.3% of the total area planted with onions in the region), followed by Mpanda (68 ha, 25.6%), Sumbawanga Rural (68 ha, 25.6%) and Nkasi (20 ha, 7.4%) (Chart 3.45 and Map 3.23 and 2,24). The total area planted with onions accounted for 0.09 percent of the total area planted with annual crops and vegetables during the wet seasons. 3.3.8.3 Cabbage The number of households growing cabbages in the region during the wet season was 1,032 households in the wet season. This represents 0.6 percent of the total crop growing households in the region. Nkasi district had the largest planted area of cabbage (60 ha, 34.2% of the total area planted with cabbage in the region), followed by Sumbawanga Rural (59.6 ha, 33.9.9%), Sumbawanga Urban (42.2 ha, 24.1%) and Mpanda (13.6 ha, 7.8%) (Map 3.25 and 3.26) The district with the largest proportion of the area planted with cabbage was Nkasi district (0.101 ha), followed by Sumbawanga Rural (0.012 ha), Mpanda (0.003%) and Sumbawanga Urban (0.002) (Chart 3.46). The total area planted with cabbage accounted for 0.06 percent of the total area planted with annual crops and vegetables

during the wet seasons.

Chart 3.43 Percent of Tomato Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Tomato by District

0

15

30

45

60

Sumbawanga Rur Mpanda Sumbawanga Urb NkasiDistrict

Perc

ent o

f Lan

d

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

Perc

ent A

rea

Plan

ted

of T

otal

La

nd A

rea

P ercent o f Land P ro po rtio n o f land

0.22 0.21

0.160.14

0.00

0.08

0.16

0.24

Are

a pe

r H

ouse

hold

(ha)

..

Mpanda Nkasi SumbawangaUrb

SumbawangaRur

District

Chart 3.44 Area Planted per Tomato Growing Household by District (Wet Season )

Chart 3.46 Percent of Cabbage Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Cabbage by District

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

Nkasi Sumbawanga Rur Sumbawanga Urb Mpanda

District

Perc

ent o

f Lan

d

-0.015

0.040

0.095

0.150

Perc

ent A

rea

Plan

ted

of

Tota

l Lan

d A

rea

P ercent o f Land P ro po rtio n o f Land

Chart 3.45 Percent of Onions Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Onions by District

0.00

0.15

0.30

0.45

Mpanda Sumbawanga Urb Sumbawanga Rur NkasiDistrict

Perc

ent o

f Lan

d

0.000

0.020

0.040

Perc

ent A

rea

Plan

ted

of

Tota

l Lan

d A

rea

Percent of Land Proportion of Land

Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

0.3ha

0.2ha

0.1ha

0.1ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

60ha

42ha

60ha

14ha

7.6t/ha

4.5t/ha

1t/ha

3t/ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

80 to 10060 to 8040 to 6020 to 40

0 to 20

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area and Yield ofCabbage by District

MAP 3.23 RUKWA

MAP 3.24 RUKWAArea Planted per Cabbage



Planted Area (ha)


Yield (t/ha)

Planted Area Per Household0.26 to 0.310.22 to 0.260.18 to 0.220.14 to 0.180.1 to 0.14

RESULT 35

Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

0.1ha

0.3ha

0.2ha

0.1ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

20ha

68ha

68ha

110ha3.7t/ha

6.5t/ha

5.4t/ha

2.3t/ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

120 to 15090 to 12060 to 9030 to 60

0 to 30

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area and Yield ofOnions by District

MAP 3.25 RUKWA

MAP 3.26 RUKWAArea Planted per Onions



Planted Area (ha)


Yield (t/ha)

Planted Area Per Household0.26 to 0.310.22 to 0.260.18 to 0.220.14 to 0.180.1 to 0.14

RESULT 36



37

3.3.9 Other Annual Crop Production Most of the other annual crops are cash crops. An area of

3,295 ha was planted with cash crops and tobacco was the

most prominent followed by cotton.

3.3.9.1 Tobacco

The quantity of tobacco produced was 3,251 tonnes.

Tobacco had a planted area of 3,256 hectares with all

of being planted in the wet season. Tobacco

production was concentrated in two districts with

Nkasi having the largest planted area (99.3% of total

area planted with tobacco in the region) and

Sumbawanga Rural had (0.7%).

(Chart 3.43) (Map 3.29 and 3.30).

3.3.9.2 Cotton

The production of cotton in Rukwa Region was only

13 tonnes from the planted area of 39 ha. It was

produced during the wet season. The crop was only

grown in Mpanda district (Map 3.27) with an average

planted area of 0.3 hectares per cotton growing

household (Map 3.28) (Chart 3.48)

3.4 Permanent Crops

Permanent crops (sometimes referred as permanent

crops) are crops that normally take over a year to

mature and once mature can be harvest for a number of

years. For most crops, it is easy to determine if they are

annual or permanent. However, for crops like cassava

and bananas the distinction is not so clear. Cassava has

varieties that mature within a year and produces only one

harvest, whilst other varieties survive for more than one

year and produces several harvests. In this census,

cassava was treated as an annual crop. Conversely,

bananas normally take less than a year to mature but

survive for more than one year and are thus treated as a

permanent crop. In this report the agriculture census

results are presented for the most important permanent

crops in terms of production, yield and area planted.

Previous censuses and surveys did not measure these

variables for permanent crops, therefore no time series analysis is made in this section.

Table 3.7: Area, Production and Yield of Annual Cash Crops by Season Wet Season Total

Crop

Area Planted (ha)

Quantity harvested (Tons) Yield

Area Planted (ha)

Quantity harvested (Tons) Yield

Tobacco 3,256 3,251 998 3,256 3,251 998 Cotton 39 13 333 39 13 333 Pyrethrum 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jute 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 3,295 3,264 3,295 3,264

Chart 3.47 Area planted with Annual Cash Crops

Tobacco98.8%

cotton1.2%Pyrethrum

0%

Jute0%

Chart 3.48 Percent of Tobacco Planted Area and Percent of Total Land with Tobacco by District

0.00

0.04

0.08

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rur Nkasi Sumbawanga UrbDistrict

Perc

ent o

f Lan

d

0.0000

0.0010

0.0020

0.0030

0.0040

0.0050

Perc

ent A

rea

Plan

ted

of

Tota

l Lan

d A

rea

Percent of Land Percent of Land

Chart 3.49: Area Planted for Annual and Permanent Crops

Permanent, 8,810,2.8%

Annual , 302,344, 97.2%



38

The area of smallholders planted with permanent crops was 8,810 hectares (2.8% of the area planted with both annual and

permanent crops in the region). However, the area

planted with annual crops is not the actual physical land

area as it double counts the area planted more than once

in the same year whilst for the planted area for

permanent crops is the same as physical planted land

area. So the percentage physical area planted with

permanent crops would be higher than indicated in

(Chart 3.49).

The most important permanent crop in Rukwa region is

lime/lemon accounts for a planted area of 3,877 ha,

(43% of the planted area of all permanent crops)

followed by sugarcane (1,797 ha, 21%), banana (1,490

ha, 21%), mangoes (547 ha, 6%),orange (190 ha, 2%),

pigeon pea (162 ha, 2%), guava (152 ha, 2%),palm oil

(138 ha, 2%) and coconuts (60 ha, 1%). The remaining

permanent crops are produced in very small quantities

(Chart 3.50).

The district with the largest area planted with

permanent crops by smallholders was Sumbawanga

Rural district (4,635 ha, 52.2%). This is followed by

Nkasi (2,187 ha, 24.6%), Mpanda (1,554 ha, 17.5%)

and Sumbawanga Urban (5.3 ha, 5.7%). However, Sumbawanga Rural district had the largest area planted per permanent

crop growing household (0.57 ha) followed by Nkasi (0.28 ha), Sumbawanga Urban (0.18 ha) and Mpanda (0.17 ha)

(Chart 3.51).

In terms of area of permanent crops planted expressed

as a percentage of the total area planted with crops per

district, Sumbawanga Rural had the highest (23%)

followed by Mpanda (3%), Nkasi (2%) and

Sumbawanga Urban (0.4%).

3.4.1 Lime/lemon

The total production of lime/lemon by smallholders was

133 tonnes. In terms of area planted, lime/lemon was

the most important permanent crop grown by

smallholders in the region. There were 401 lime/lemon growing households (0.23% of the total crop growing households).

The average area planted with lime/lemon per household was relatively small at around 9.7 ha per lime/lemon growing

household and the average yield obtained by smallholders was (7,389 kg/ha) from a harvest area of 18 hectares.

Chart 3.50: Area Planted with the Main Perennial Crops

Lime/Lemon, 3,877, 43%

Sugarcane, 1,797, 21%

Banana, 1,790, 21%

Orange, 190, 2%

Mango, 547, 6%

Guava, 155, 2%

Coconut, 60, 1%

Palm Oil, 138, 2%

Pigeon Pea, 162, 2%

Chart 3.52 Percent of Area Planted with Lime/Lemon and Average Planted Area per Household by District

0.1

50.0

0.0

49.9

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

Sumbawanga Urban Mpanda Nkasi Sumbawanga RuralDistrict

% o

f Tot

al A

rea

Plan

ted

0.00

4.00

8.00

12.00

16.00

20.00A

vera

ge P

lant

ed A

rea

per

Hou

seho

ld

% of Total Area Planted Average Planted Area per Household

Chart 3.51 Percent of Area Planted and Average Planted Area with Permanent Crops by District

25

18

6

52

0

20

40

60

SumbawangaRural

Nkasi Mpanda SumbawangaUrban

District

% o

f Tot

al A

rea

Plan

ted

0.0

1.5

3.0

4.5

Ave

rage

Pla

nted

Are

a pe

r H

ouse

hold

% of T otal Area P lanted Average P lanted Area per Household

Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

0ha

0ha

0ha

0.3ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

0.24 to 0.310.18 to 0.240.12 to 0.180.06 to 0.12

0 to 0.06

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

Nkasi

0ha

0ha

39ha

0ha

0t/ha

0t/ha

0.3t/ha

0t/ha

Mpanda

40 to 5030 to 4020 to 3010 to 20

0 to 10

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area and Yield ofCotton by District

MAP 3.27 RUKWA

MAP 3.28 RUKWAArea Planted per Cotton



Planted Area (ha)


Yield (t/ha)


RESULT 39

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

0ha

24ha

0ha

3,233ha

0t/ha

1.7t/ha

0t/ha

1t/ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

2,800 to 3,3002,100 to 2,8001,400 to 2,100

700 to 1,4000 to 700

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

0ha

0.2ha

0ha

0.7hhhha

Mpanda

Nkasi

0.56 to 0.70.42 to 0.560.28 to 0.420.14 to 0.280 to 0.14

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area and Yield ofTobbaco by District

MAP 3.29 RUKWA

MAP 3.30 RUKWAArea Planted per Tobbaco



Planted Area (ha)Yield (t/ha)



RESULT 40



41

Sumbawanga Urban district had the largest area planted with lime/lemon (3,877 ha, 50.0%) followed closely by Mpanda

(3,866 ha, 49.9%) and Nkasi (11 ha, (0.1%). Sumbawanga Rural did not grow any lime/lemon. (Map 3.31). However, the

average area planted with lime/lemon per growing household was highest in Mpanda (14.4 ha) followed by Sumbawanga

Urban (9.7 ha) and Nkasi (0.08 ha) (Chart 3.52 and Map 3.32).

3.4.2 Sugarcane

The total production of sugarcane by smallholders was

54,638 tonnes. In terms of area planted, sugarcane was

the second most important permanent crop grown by

smallholders in the region. There were 4,327

households (2.5% of the total crop growing

households). The average area planted with sugarcane

per household was relatively small at around 0.9 ha per

sugarcane growing household and the average yield

obtained by smallholders was (13,381 kg/ha) from a

harvest area of 4,083 hectares.

Sumbawanga Rural district had the largest area planted with sugarcane (1,356 ha, 75%) followed by Nkasi (346 ha, 19%),

Sumbawanga Urban (74 ha, 4%) and Mpanda (22 ha, 1%) (Map 3.31). However, the average area planted with sugarcane

per growing household was highest in Nkasi district (1.43 ha) followed by Sumbawanga Rural (0.43 ha), Mpanda (0.16

ha) Sumbawanga Urban (0.06 ha) (Chart 3.52 and Map 3.32).ha) (Chart 3.53 and Map 3.34).

3.4.3 Banana

The total production of banana by smallholders was 11,471

tonnes. In terms of area planted, banana was the third most

important permanent crop grown by smallholders in the

region. It was grown by 7,261 households (4.2% of the total

crop growing households). The average area planted with

banana per household was relatively small at around 0.25 ha

per banana growing household and the average yield obtained

by smallholders was 11,357 kg/ha from a harvested area of

1010 hectares. Sumbawanga Rural district had the largest

planted area of bananas in the region (758 ha, 42%) followed

closely by Mpanda (694 ha, 39%), Sumbawanga Urban (272

ha, 15%) and Nkasi (66ha, 4%) (Map 3.35). The districts with

largest area planted with banana per banana growing household were Sumbawanga Rural and Nkasi having (0.27ha) each

followed by Sumbawanga Urban (0.25 ha) and Mpanda (0.23 ha) (Chart 3.49 and Map 3.36).

Chart 3.54 Percent of Area Planted with Banana and Average Planted Area per Household by District

38.79

3.66

42.35

15.20

0 00

20 00

40 00

SumbawangaRural

Mpanda SumbawangaUrban

Nkasi

District

% o

f Tot

al A

rea

Plan

ted

0 00

0 15

0 30

Ave

rage

Pla

nted

Are

a pe

r H

ouse

hold

% of Total Area Planted Average Planted Area per Household

C hart 3.53 Pe rce nt of Are a Plan te d wi th S ugarcane an d Ave rage Plante d Are a pe r Hou se h old by District

19

1

75

40

20

40

60

80

Sumbawanga Rural Nkasi Sumbawanga Urban MpandaDistrict

% o

f Tot

al A

rea

Plan

ted

-0.40

0.20

0.80

1.40

2.00

Ave

rage

Pla

nted

Are

a pe

r H

ouse

hold


Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

0.27ha

0.24ha

0.27ha

0.23ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

0.262 to 0.270.254 to 0.2620.246 to 0.2540.238 to 0.2460.23 to 0.238

Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

758ha

272ha

66ha

694ha

8.2t/ha

6.1t/ha

7.3t/ha

2t/ha

Mpanda

Nkasi

800 to 800600 to 800400 to 600200 to 400

0 to 200

Planted Area (ha)

Planted Area and Yield ofBanana by District

MAP 3.31 RUKWA

MAP 3.32 RUKWAArea Planted per Banana



Planted Area (ha)Yield (t/ha)



RESULT 42



43

3 .4.4 Mangoes

The total production of mangoes by smallholders

was 15,571 tonnes. In terms of area planted,

mangoes were the fourth most important

permanent crop grown by smallholders in the

region. It was grown by 4,033 households (2.3% of

the total crop growing households). The average

area planted with mangoe per household was

relatively small at around 0.4 ha per mangoes

growing household and the average yield obtained

by smallholders was (6,537 kg/ha) from a

harvested area of (2,382 ha).

Nkasi has the largest area of mangoes in the region (2,020 ha, 78.7%) followed by Mpanda (392 ha, 15.3%) and

Sumbawanga Rural (155 ha, 6.0%).

However, Sumbawanga Urban district

did not grow any mango (Map 3.37).

Moreover, Nkasi district had the

highest average area planted per

mangoes growing household of (1.9

ha), Sumbawanga Rural (0.14 ha) and

Mpanda (0.13 ha) (Map 3.38).

3.5 Input/Implement Use

3.5.1 Methods of Land Clearing

Land clearing is a common pre-tillage operation

practiced by most farmers in the region. Land clearing

is divided into two categories: bush clearing, which by

definition implies either expansion into virgin areas or

into areas which have been left fallow for a long period.

The other category, which includes burning, hand

slashing or tractor slashing, is normally an annual

clearing exercise to remove vegetation growth from the previous season.

Hand slashing is the most widespread method used for land clearing. The area cleared by hand slashing in the region

during the wet season was 266,794 ha which represented 88.2 percent of the total planted area. Bush clearance, burning

and tractor slashing are less important methods for land clearing and they represent 6.4, 3.08 and 0.9 percent respectively

(Chart 3.56 and Table 3.8 ).

Table 3.8: Land Clearing Methods Wet Season Total

Method of Land Clearing Number of Households

Area Planted %

Number of Households

Area Planted %

Mostly Hand Slashing 150,853 266,794 88 2 150,853 266,794 88.2 No Land Clearing 2,075 3,557 1 2 2,075 3,557 1.2 Mostly Bush Clearance 10,293 19,399 6.4 10,293 19,399 6.4 Mostly Burning 7,257 9,070 3.0 7,257 9,070 3.0 Mostly Tractor Slashing 499 789 0 3 499 789 0.3 Other 1,283 2,735 0.9 1,283 2,735 0.9

Total 172,261 302,344 100 172,261 302,344 100.0

Chart 3.56: Number of Households by Method of Land Clearing During the Wet Season

499

1,283

2 ,075

7,257

10 ,293

150 ,853Mostly Hand Slashing

Mostly Bush Clearance

Mostly Burning

No Land Clearing

Other

Mostly Tractor Slashing

Met

hod

of L

and

Cle

arin

g


C h art 3.55 Pe rce nt of Are a Plante d wi th Mangoe s an d Ave rage Plante d Are a pe r House hold by District

6.04

78.69

0.00

15.26

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

Nkasi Mpanda SumbawangaRural

SumbawangaUrban District

% o

f Tot

al A

rea

Plan

ted

0.00

0.25

0.50

Ave

rage

Pla

nted

A

rea

per

Hou

seho

ld




44

3.5.2 Methods of Soil Preparation

Oxen ploughing was the most used method for

soil preparation as it was used in an area of

181,141 ha which represented 60.2 percent of the

total prepared area, followed by hand hoe

ploughing (119,096 ha, 39.6%) and tractor

ploughing (583 ha, 0.2%) (Chart 3.57).

In Rukwa region, Sumbawanga Rural district has

the largest planted area cultivated with oxen

(106,662 hectares, 58.7%) followed by Nkasi

(37,412 ha, 20.6%), Mpanda (19,499, 10.7%)

and Sumbawanga Urban (18,070 ha, 9.9%).

3.5.3 Improved Seed Use-*

The planted area using improved seeds during the

wet season was estimated at 29,135 ha which

represents 9.6 percent of the total planted with the

annual crops and vegetables during the season. The

area planted without using improved seeds was

(273,210 ha, 90.4%)

Chart 3.57 Area Cultivated by Cultivation Method

Mostly Oxen Ploughing, 181,643, 60.6%

Mostly Hand Hoe Ploughing, 117,273, 39.1%

Mostly Tractor Ploughing, 855,

0.3%

Chart 3.60 Planted Area with Improved Seed by Crop Type

Pulses, 2,654, 9%

Roots &Tubers, 1,836, 6%

Oil seeds, 3,404, 12%

Fruits & Vegetables,

541, 2%

Cash crop, 2,919, 10%

Cereals, 17,781, 61%

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Are

a C

ultiv

ated

SumbawangaRural


District

Chart 3.58 Area Cultivated by Method of Cultivation and District

Most ly Oxen P loughing Most ly Hand Cult ivat ionMost ly T ractor P loughing

Chart 3.59 Area Planted with Improved Seeds - RUKWA

With Improved Seeds, 29,135,

9.60%

Without Improved Seeds, 273,210,

90.4%



45

Cereals had the largest area planted with improved

seeds (17,781 ha, 61% of the planted area with

improved seeds) followed by oil seed (3,404 ha,

12%) cash crops (2,919 ha, 10%) pulses (2,654 ha,

9%), roots and tubers (1,836 ha, 6%) and fruit and

vegetables (541 ha, 2%), (Chart 3.54). However, of

all crop types fruits and vegetables had the largest

proportion of its planted area under improved seeds.

with improved seeds (Chart 3.55).

3.5.4 Fertilizers Use

The use of fertilisers on annual crops was very small

with a planted area of only 42,191 ha (14% of the total

planted area in the region). The planted area without

fertiliser for annual crops was 260,153 hectares

representing 86 percent of the total planted area with

annual crops. Of the planted area with fertiliser application, farm yard manure was applied to 26,741 ha

which represents 8.8 percent of the total planted area (63.3% of the area planted with fertiliser application in the region).

This was followed by Inorganic fertilizers 11,968 ha, 3.9 percent of total area planted (28.3 of the area planted with

fertiliser application) compost was used on a very small area (3,518 ha, 1.2%) of the total planted area and 8.3 percent of

the area planted with fertilizers.

The highest percentage of the area planted with fertilizer (all types) was in Sumbawanga Urban district (37.3%) followed

by Nkasi (12.7%), Sumbawanga Rural (12.3%) and Mpanda (12.0%) (Table 3.9 and Charts 3.62 and 3.63).

Most annual crop growing households used different fertilisers (approximately 171,578 households, 99.6%) (Map 3.39).

The percentage of the planted area with applied fertilisers was highest for cereals (89.3% of the area planted with

fertilizers). This was far followed by pulses (4.9%), oilseeds & oil nuts together with fruits & vegetables had (2.1%) each

and cash crops had (0.4%) (Table 3.9)

Table3.9 Planted Area by Type of Fertiliser Use and District - Wet Season Fertilizer Use

Mostly Farm Yard Manure

Mostly Compost

Mostly Inorganic Fer ilizer

No Fertilizer Applied Total District

Planted Area

Planted Area

Planted Area

Planted Area

Planted Area

Mpanda 2,746 762 8,030 84,693 96,231 Sumbawanga Ru 32,698 Nk 53,306 Su Ur 20,109 To 02,344

0

20

40

60

80

Perc

ent o

f Pla

nted

Are

a

Cereals Roots &Tubers

Pulses Oilseeds Fruits &Vegetables

CashCrops

Crop Type

Chart 3.61 Percentage of Crop Type Planted Area with Improved Seed - Annuals



46

3.5.4.1 Farm Yard Manure Use

The total planted area applied with farm yard manure in Rukwa region during wet season was 26,741 hectares, this is

equivalent to 8.8 percent of the total area planted during that season. The number of households that applied farm yard in

their annual crops during the wet season was 18,756. (Table 3.9). Cereals had the largest area applied with farm yard

manure (89.3%), followed by pulses (4.9%). Oil seeds and

oil nuts together with fruits and vegetables had (2.1%),

roots and tubers (1.3%) and cash crops (0.4%) (Chart

3.64a).

Sumbawanga Rural district had the largest area applied with

farm yard manure (48.1% of the total planted area in the

region) followed by Nkasi (22.5%), Nkasi (6.9%)

Sumbawanga Urban (19.1%) and Mpanda (10.3%) (Table

3.9).

C h art 3.62 Are a of Fe rti l i se r Appl ication by Type of Fe rti l i se r No Fert ilizer

Applied, 260,117, 86%

Most ly Inorganic Fert ilizer,

11,968, 4%

Most ly Compost , 3,518, 1%

Most ly Farm Yard Manure, 26,741, 9%

0

30,000

60,000

90,000

Are

a (h

a)



District

C hart 3.63 Are a of Fe rti l i se r Appl ication by Type of Fe rti l i se r and District

No Fert ilizer Applied Most ly CompostMost ly Inorganic Fert ilizer Most ly Farm Yard Manure

C hart 3.65b Proportion of Plan te d Are a Appl ie d with Farm Yard Manure by District - RUKW A

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

Sumbawanga Urban Nkasi Sumbawanga Rural Mpanda

District

Perc

ent

Chart 3.64 Planted Area with Farm Yard Manure by Crop Type - RUKWA

Roots & Tubers, 340, 1%

Pulses, 1,300, 5%

Cerals, 23,776,89%

Oil & Oil Nuts, 552, 2%

Fruits & Vegetables, 552, 2%

Cash Crops, 108, 0%

0

20

40

60

80

100

Perc

ent o

f Pla

nted

Are

a

Cerals Roots &Tubers

Pulses Oil Seeds Fruits &Vegetables

Cash Crops

Crop Type

Chart 3.65a Percentage of Planted Area with Farm Yard Manure by Crop Type - RUKWA



47

The proportion of planted area applied with farm yard manure was highest for cereals (89.3%), followed by pulses (4.9%),

fruits and vegetables together with oil seeds and oil nuts had (2.1%) each, roots and tubers and cash crops (0.4%) (Chart

3.65a).

Proportionally, farm yard manure was mostly used in Sumbawanga urban by (25.4% of the total planted area in the district)

followed by Nkasi (11.3%), Sumbawanga Rural (9.7%), and Mpanda (2.9%) (Chart 3.65b).

For permanent crops, most farm yard manure was used in

the production of sugarcane (72.7%), followed by banana

(19.8%), coconut (6.9%) and guava (0.5%).

3.5.4.2 Inorganic Fertiliser Use

The total planted area applied with inorganic fertilisers in

Rukwa region was 11,968 hectares which represents 3.9

percent of the total planted area with annuals in the region

and 28.3 percent of the total planted area with fertilisers.

The number of households that applied inorganic fertilizer

on their annual crops during the wet season was 8,412 Cereals had the largest area applied with inorganic fertilizers was on

cereals (69.5% of the total area applied with inorganic fertilizers), followed by cash crops (25%), pulses

(4.2%), oil seeds (0.8%), roots and tubers (0.3%) and fruit and vegetables (0.2%) (Chart 3.66). However, the proportion of

planted area applied with inorganic fertilizers was highest for

fruits and vegetables at 12.7 percent followed by roots and

tubers (1.1%), pulses (0.8%) and cereals (0.3%) (Chart 3.67a).

Inorganic fertiliser is mostly used in Mpanda (8.3% of the

total planted area in the district) followed by Sumbawanga

Rural (2.9%), Nkasi (2.3%) and Sumbawanga Urban (1.4%)

(Chart 3.67b).

In permanent crops inorganic fertiliser were used on coconut

(70%), sugarcane (25.6%), banana (6.8%) and guavas (1.9%).

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

Perc

ent o

f Pla

nted

Are

a

Cereals Roots &T ubers

P ulses Oil Seeds &Oil Nuts

Fruits &Vegetables

Cash Crops

C rop Type

C h art 3.67a Pe rce ntage of Plan te d Are a wi th Inorganic Fe rti l i z e r by C rop Type - RUKW A

Chart 3.66 Planted Area with Inorganic by Crop Type - RUKWA

Cash Crops, 2,990, 25%

Fruits & Vegetables, 29,

0.2% Oil Seeds , 91, 0.8%

Pulses, 504, 4.2%

Roots & Tubers, 32, 0.3%

Cereals, 8,323,69.5

Chart 3.67b Proportion of Planted Area Applied with Inorganic Fertiliser by District - RUKWA

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

Mpanda S,mbawanga Rural Nkasi S,mbawanga Urban

District

Perc

ent

Chart 3.68a Planted Area with Compost by Crop Type - RUKWA

Roots & Tubers, 126, 4%Pulses, 373,

11%

Cash Crops, 0, 0%


0.4%

Oil Seeds & Oil Nuts, 68,

2%

Cereals, 2,936, 83%

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

1,146ha

1,138ha

9,983ha

7.5%

14.1%

2.1%

1.2%

Mpanda

Nkasi

2,830ha

8,000 to 10,0006,000 to 8,0004,000 to 6,0002,000 to 4,000

0 to 2,000

Nkasi

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

Mpanda

85,095ha

49,234ha

113,529ha

11,383ha

88.4%

85.6%

56.6%

92.4%

120,000 to 150,00090,000 to 120,00060,000 to 90,00030,000 to 60,000

0 to 30,000

Planted Area with no Fertilizer Applied

Planted Area and Percent of PlantedArea with No Application of

Fertilizer by District

MAP 3.35 RUKWA

MAP 3.36 RUKWAArea Planted and Percent of Total

Planted Area With Irrigationby District


Planted Area with no Fertilizer AppliedPercent of Planted Area with no Fertilizer Applied

Percent of Planted Area with Irrigation Applied

Planted Area with Irrigation Applied

Planted Area with Irrigation Applied

RESULT 48



49

3.5.4.3 Compost Use

The total planted area applied with compost was 3,518 hectares; this represents only 1.2 percent of the total planted area

with annual crops in the region and 8.3 percent of the total planted area with fertiliser in the region. The number of

households that applied compost on their annual crops during the wet season was 3,131 which is equivalent to 1.8 percent

of the total crop growing households in the region during the wet season (Table 3.9 and Chart 3.68a).

The proportion of area applied with compost was very low for each type of crop (0 to 8.3%); however the distribution of

the total area using compost shows that 83 percent of this area was cultivated with cereals, followed by pulses (10.6%),

roots & tubers (3.6%), oil seeds & oil nuts (1.9%) and fruits & vegetables (0.4%). No compost manure was applied on cash

crops Chart 3.68a).

Compost was mostly used in Sumbawanga Urban (2.4% of the total planted area in the district), and this is closely followed by Sumbawanga Rural (1.5%), Mpanda (0.8%) and Nkasi (0.6%) (Chart 3.68b). In permanent crops, compost was mostly used to sugarcane (100.0%) 3.5.5 Pesticide Use Pesticides are chemicals used for controlling insects, diseases and weeds. This section analyses the use of these chemicals by smallholders on both annual and permanent crops in the region. Pesticides were applied to a planted area of 25,121 ha of annual crops and vegetables. Insecticides are the most common pesticide used in the

region (81% of the total area applied with pesticides).

This was followed by fungicides (11%) and herbicides

(8%) (Chart 3.69).

C hart 3.69 Plan te d Are a (ha) by Pe sticide UseInsect icides, 27,634, 81%

Herbicides, 2,578, 8%

Fungicides, 3,782, 11%

0.0

25.0

50.0

75.0

100.0

Perc

ent o

f Pla

nted

Are

a


Pulses Oil seeds &Oil nuts

Fruit s &Vegetables

Cash crops

C rop Type

C hart 3.68b Pe rce ntage of Plante d Are a with C om post by C rop Type - RUKW A

Chart 3.68c Proportion of Planted Area Applied with Compost Fertiliser by District - RUKWA

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

SumbawangaUrban

SumbawangaRural

Mpanda Nkasi

District

Perc

ent



50

3.5.5.1 Insecticide Use

The planted area applied with insecticides during the wet season was estimated at 27,634 hectares which represented 9.1

percent of the total planted area for annual crops and vegetables.

Cereals had the largest planted area applied with insecticides (22,004 ha, 79.6% of the total planted area with insecticides)

followed by cash crops (2,444 ha, 8.8%), pulses (1,864 ha, 6.7%), oil seed (583 ha, 2.1%) fruit and vegetables (378 ha,

1.4%) and roots and tubers (362 ha, 1.3%) (Chart 3.70).

However, the proportion of area applied with

insecticides was highest for cash crops and fruits and

vegetables being (74 and 31% respectively, while in

cereals the proportion was (11%), pulses (5%), oil seeds

2%) and roots and tubers (1%) (Chart 3.71).

The annual crops with more than 50 percent insecticide use was maize (76.9%). The remaining annual crops used insecticides on less than 50 percent of the planted area Sumbawanga Urban had the highest percent of planted area with insecticides (40.4% of the total planted area with annual crops in the district). This was far followed by Sumbawanga Rural (8.3%), Nkasi (6.9%) and Mpanda (5.0%) (Chart 3.72). 3.5.5.2 Herbicide Use The planted area applied with herbicides was 2,578 hectares which represented 0.85 percent of the total planted area annual crops and vegetables. Cereals had the largest planted area applied with herbicides (1,664 ha, 64.6%) followed by roots & tubers (427 ha, 16.6%), pulses (257 ha, 10.0%) oil seeds & oil nuts (189 ha, 7.3%) and fruits & vegetables (41 ha, 1.6%). No herbicides were applied on cash crops (Chart 3.73).

C h art 3.70 Plan te d Are a Appl ie d with In se cticide s by C rop Type

Oil Seeds & Oil Nuts, 583,

2.1%


1.4%

Cash Crops, 2,444, 8.8%

Roots & T ubers, 362, 1%

Pulses, 1,864, 6.7%

Cereals, 22,004, 79.6%

0

5

10

15

20

Perc

ent o

f Pla

nted

Are

a


Pulses Oil Seeds &Oil Nuts

Fruit s &Vegetables

Cash Crops

C rop Type

C hart 3.71 Pe rce ntage of C rop Type Plante d Are a Appl ie d with In se cticide s

C h art 3.72 Pe rce n t of Plan te d Are a Appl ie d with Inse cticide s by District - RUKW A

0 0

15 0

30 0

45 0

SaumbawangaUrban

Sumbawangarural

Nkasi Mpanda

District

Perc

ent

C hart 3.73 Plante d Are a Appl ie d with He rbicide s by C rop Type

Roots & T ubers, 427, 17%Pulses, 257,

10%Oil Seeds & Oil

Nuts, 189, 7%

Fruit s & Vegetables, 41,

2%

Cash Crops, 0, 0%

Cereals, 1,664, 64%



51

However, the proportion of planted area applied with herbicides was highest for fruits and vegetables and roots and tubers

being (3.3% and 1.5% respectively). The proportion of cereals ( 0.8%) and for oil seeds and oil nuts it was (0.7%) (Chart

3.74). The top six annual crops with highest percentage use of herbicides in terms of planted area were maize (55%),

cassava (16.6%), beans (10%), sunflower (6.5%), sorghum (3.6%) and groundnuts (0.9%).

Sumbawanga Rural had the highest percent of planted area applied with herbicides (1.3% of the total planted area with

annual crops in the district). It was followed by Nkasi

(0.8%) then Sumbawanga Urban and Mpanda had (0.4%)

each (Chart 3.75).

3.5.5.3 Fungicide Use

The planted area applied with fungicides was 3,782 hectares

which represented 1.3 percent of the total planted area for

annual crops and vegetables. Cash crops had the largest

planted area applied with fungicides (1,905ha, 50.4%)

followed by cereals (909 ha, 24.0%), roots and tubers (340

ha, 9.0%), fruits and vegetables (276 ha, 7.3%),

pulses (260 ha, 6.9%) and oil seeds (93 ha, 2.5%) (Chart

3.76).

However, the proportion of planted area applied with

fungicides was highest for cash crops and fruits and

vegetables being 57.8% and 22.5% respectively. The

proportion for roots and tubers was (1.2%), pulses (0.7%),

cereals (0.4%) and oil seeds (0.3%). (Chart 3.77).

0.0

1.5

3.0

4.5

Perc

ent o

f Pla

nted

Are

a


Pulses Oil Seeds& Oil Nuts

Fruit s &Vegetables

CashCrops

C rop Type

C h art 3.74 Pe rce ntage of C rop Type Plante d Are a Appl ie d wi th He rbicide s Chart 3.75 Proportion of Planted Area Applied with

Herbicides by District - TANGA

0 00

0 30

0 60

0 90

1 20

1 50

SumbawangaRural


Mpanda

District

Perc

ent

C hart 3.76 Plante d Are a Appl ie d with Fungicide s by C rop Type

Cereals, 909, 24%

Roots & T ubers, 340, 9%

Pulses, 260, 7%

Oil Seeds & Oil Nuts, 93, 2%

Fruit s & Vegetables, 276,

7% Cash Crops, 1,905, 51%

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

Perc

ent o

f Pla

nted

Are

a


P ulses Oil Seeds& Oil Nuts

Fruit s &Vegetables

CashCrops

C rop Type

C hart 3.77 Pe rce n tage of C rop Type Plante d Are a Appl ie d wi th Fungicide s



52

The annual crop with more than 40 percent fungicide use was tobacco (59%).Tomatoes had (34.4%), cassava (1.3%),

beans (0.7%), maize (0.6%) and groundnuts (0.4%).

Mpanda had the highest percent of planted area with

fungicides (2.8% of the total planted area with annual

crops in the district). This was followed by Sumbawanga

Urban (2.2%). The smallest percentage use was recorded

in Sumbawanga Rural and Nkasi districts being (0.2%

and 0.7% respectively) (Chart 3.78).

3.5.6 Harvesting Methods

The main harvesting method for cereals was reported to

be by hand. Very small amounts of maize were harvested by machine (0.2%) All other cereals and annual crops were

harvested by hand.

3.5.7 Threshing Methods

Hand threshing was the most common method used, with 89 percent of the total area planted with cereals during the long

rainy season being threshed by hand. Draft animals, human powered tools and engine driven machines were only used on

crops harvested from 0.1%, 0.1 percent and 0.2 percent of

the total planted area respectively.

3.6 Irrigation

Water is the limiting factor to crop production in the

majority of areas in Tanzania and without water most other

agricultural practices applied to crops do not result in

significant increases in yields. This section deals with the

area under irrigation for different crops and the means by

which water was extracted from the source and applied to

the field.

3.6.1 Area Planted with Annual Crops and Under

Irrigation

In Rukwa region, the area of annual crops under irrigation

was (7,523 ha) representing 2 percent of the total area

planted (Chart 3.79). Some cereal crops such as maize and

paddy were predominantly irrigated

The district with the largest planted area under irrigation for

annual crops was Sumbawanga Rural (5,487 ha, 73% of the

total irrigated planted area with annual crops in the region).

This was followed by Mpanda (844 ha, 11%), Sumbawanga

Urban (730 ha, 10%) and Nkasi (462 ha, 6%).

Chart 3.78 Proportion of Planted Area with Fungicides by District - RUKWA

0.0

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3.0


Nkasi SumbawangaRural

District

Perc

ent

Chart 2.80 Planted Area with Irrigation by District - RUKWA Region

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

SumbawangaRural


NkansiDistrict

Irri

gate

d A

rea

(ha)

0.0

1.6

3.2

4.8

Perc

enta

ge

Irri

gatio

n

Area Irrigated Land this Year Percentage of Irrigated Land

Chart 3.79 Area of Irrigated LandNon-Irigated area, 294,921,

98%

Irrigated Area, 7,523, 2%



53

When expressed as a percentage of the total area planted in each district Sumbawanga Rural had the largest area under

irrigation at (4.1%). This was followed by Sumbawanga Urban (3.6%). Mpanda and Nkasi districts had (0.9%) each

(Chart 3.80 and Map 3.40).

Of all the different crops and in terms of proportion of the

irrigated planted area, paddy was the most irrigated crop

with 35 percent irrigation followed by maize (28%),

cassava (17%), beans (5%) and tomatoes (2%).

In terms of crop type, the area under irrigation for cereals

was 10,470 hectares (69.4% of the total area under

irrigation), followed by roots and tubers with 2,782

hectares (18.4%), pulses (754 ha, 5%), fruits and

vegetables (601 ha, 4%), cash crops (273 ha, 1.8%) and

oil seeds (218 ha, 1.4%). All of the irrigation for cereals

was applied to paddy and maize

The number of agricultural households practicing

irrigation in Rukwa region appears to have decreased by

(26.8%) from 8,958 agricultural households in 1995/96 to

6,561 agricultural households in 2002/03. This may not be

statically significant due to the small number of

households sampled with irrigation (Chart 3.81)

3.6.2 Sources of Water Used for Irrigation

The main source of water used for irrigation was from

rivers (66% of households with irrigation). This was

followed by wells (19%), canal (9%), boreholes (3%), dams

(2%) and lake (1%).

3.6.3 Methods of Obtaining Water for Irrigation

Gravity was the most common means of getting water for

irrigation with 65 percent of households using this method.

This was far followed by hand bucket with 29 percent of

households. The remaining methods (hand pump, motor

pump and others) were of minor importance (Chart 3.76).

Gravity was used by most households with irrigation in

Sumbawanga Rural (66%), followed by Sumbawanga Urban

C hart 3.82 Num be r of House holds wi th Irrigation by Source of W ate r

Borehole, 435, 3%

Dam, 344, 2%

Lake, 148, 1%W ell, 3,137,

19%Canal, 1,593, 9%

River, 11,225, 66%

River Well Canal Borehole Dam Lake

C hart 3.81 Tim e Se rie s of House h olds wi th Irrigation - RUKW A

6,561

8,958

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

1995/96 2002/03Agricu lture Ye ar

Plan

ted

Are

a ub

der

Irri

gatio

n

Chart 3.83 Number of Households by Method of O btaining Irrigation Water

Hand Bucket, 4,974, 29%

Gravity, 11,028, 65%

Hand Pump, 133, 1%

Other, 602, 4%Motor Pump,

146, 1%Gravity Hand Bucke t Other Mo to r P ump Hand P ump



54

(13%), Mpanda (11%) and Nkasi (10%). Hand bucket was more common in Mpanda with 40 percent of households using

the method to obtain water for irrigation, followed by Sumbawanga Urban (26), Sumbawanga Rural (23%) and Nkasi

(11%).

While the method of obtaining irrigation water by hand

pumps was the most common method in Mpanda district,

motor pump was the most common method of obtaining

irigation water in Nkasi and Sumbawanga Urban.

3.6.4 Methods of Water Application

Most households used flooding (67.4% of households

using irrigation) as a method of field application. This

was followed by hand bucket/watering can (30.3%).

Water hose and sprinklers were not widely used as they

were 1.5% and 0.8% of the households respectively.

3.7 Crop Storage, Processing and Marketing

3.7.1 Crop Storage

Crop storage means keeping a crop for a certain period of

time as food for the household, in order to sell at higher

prices or as seed for planting in the following season.

The results for Rukwa region show that there were

164,147 crop growing households (95.3% of the total crop

growing households) that stored various agricultural

products in the region.

The most important stored crop was maize with 152,974

households storing 43,758 tonnes as of 1st January 2004. This was followed by sorghum/millets (24,085 households, 9,873

tons), paddy (26,058 households, 5,923t), beans/pulses (70,698 households, 5,339t) and groundnuts/bambaranuts (32,955

households, 3,463t). Other crops were stored in very small amounts.

Chart 3 84 Number of Households with Irrigation by Method of Field Application

Flood, 11,381, 67.0%

Sprinkler, 143, 0.8% Water Hose,

248, 1.5%

Bucket / Watering Can,

5,111, 30.3%

Flood Bucket / W atering Can Water Hose Sprinkler

C h art 3.85 Nu m be r of Hou se holds and Q uanti ty S tore d by C rop Type - RUKW A

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

M a ize

So rg hu m & M illet Pad dy

Bean s & Pu lse

G 'nu ts/Bamb N ut W h ea t

Co ttton

Co ffe e

Ca sh ew nu t

T ob ac co

CropNum

ber

ofho

useh

olds

05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,00050,000

Qua

ntity

(t)

Number of households Quant ity stored (T ons)



55

3.7.1.1 Methods of Storage

The region had 120,769 crop growing households storing

their produce in sacks/open drums (73.6% of households

that stored crops in the region). The number of

households that stored their produce in locally made

traditional cribs was 41,282 (25.1%). This was followed

by those that stored their produce in improved locally

made cribs (765 households, 0.5%), unprotected piles

(651 households, 0.4%), air tight drums (276 households,

0.2%), modern store (203 households 0.1%) and other

(201 households, 0.1%).

Sacks/open drums were the dominant storage method in all districts, with the highest percent of households in

Sumbawanga Urban using this method (89% of the total number of households storing crop products). This is followed by

Nkasi (81%), Sumbawanga Rural (74%) and Mpanda

(66%) (Chart 3.80).

The highest percent of households using locally made

structures were in Mpanda and Sumbawanga Rural

districts

(32% and 25% of the total number of households storing

crops respectively), followed by Nkasi (18.9%) and

Sumbawanga Urban (8%)

3.7.1.2 Duration of Storage

Most households (49.3% of the households storing crops) stored their produce for a period of 3 to 6 months followed by

those who stored for a period of over 6 months (45.6%) and those households who stored the crop for the period of less

than 3 months were (5.1%) (Chart 3.88)

Chart 3.87 Number of Households by Method of Storage and District (based on the most important household crop)

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural Nkansi Sumbawanga UrbanDistrict

Perc

ent o

f hou

seho

lds

In Locally Made Traditional Structure In Improved Locally Made StructureIn Modern Store In Sacks / Open DrumIn Airtight Drum Unprotected PileOther

Chart 3.89 Quantity of Maize Produced (tonnes), S tored and Percent S tored by District

010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000



District

Qua

ntity

(ton

nes)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

% S

tore

d

Quant ity Harvested Quant ity Stored % stored

Chart 3.86 Number of households by Storage Methods - RUKWA

Sacks / Open Drum, 120,769, 73.6%

Unprotected Pile, 651, 0.4%

Airtight Drum, 276, 0.2%

Modern Store, 203, 0.1%

Other, 201, 0.1%

Improved Locally Made Structure,

765, 0.5%

Locally Made Tradit ional

Structure, 41,282, 25%

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

Num

ber

of h

ouse

hold

s

Maize Paddy Beans & Pulses

Crop

Chart 3.88 Normal Length of Storage for Selected Crops

Less than 3 Months 3 to 6 Months Over 6 Months



56

The proportion of households that stored their produce for the duration of 3 to 6 months was highest in Mpanda district

(58%) followed by Nkasi (49%), Sumbawanga Urban (46.2%) and Sumbawanga Rural (41.5%) (Map 3.41).

District comparison of duration of storage cannot be done

for all crops combined. However, the analysis has been

done for maize as it is the most commonly stored crop. In

general, quantity stored was related to the quantity

produced. Districts with greater production had a higher

percent of their crop stored as on 1st October 2003 (Chart

3.89). However, households in Sumbawanga Urban

district stored relatively little maize in comparison to the quantity produced indicating that the quantity stored was probably

determined by the food and seed requirement of the household and not to sell during the “off-season” when the farm gate

price of maize is higher.

3.7.1.3 Purposes of Storage

Subsistence food crops (maize, paddy, sorghum and millet, beans and pulses) are mainly stored for household

consumption. The percent of households that stored maize for household consumption as the main purpose of storage was

88.6 percent followed by seed for planting. Practically all stored annual cash crops were stored for selling at higher price

(Chart 3.10).

3.7.1.4 The Magnitude of Storage Loss

About 86.4 percent of households that stored crops had

little or no loss; however the proportion of households

that experienced a loss up to a quarter was 11.1 percent.

(Table 3.10)

The proportion of households that reported a loss of more

than a quarter was greatest for sorghum and millet (9.3%

of the total number of households that stored crops). This

was followed by maize (9.1%), groundnuts and

bambaranut (5.4%), beans and pulses (2.9%) and paddy

(1.1%). All households that stored cash crops such as

seaweed, cloves, cashew nut and tobacco had no loss. Most households storing groundnuts and bambara nuts had little or

no storage loss (94%)

3.10: Number of Households Storing Crops By Estimated Storage Loss and District

Estimate Storage Loss

District Little or no Loss

Up to 1/4 Loss

Between 1/4 and 1/2 Loss

Over 1/2 Loss Total

Mpanda 54,498 3,163 402 269 58,332 Sumbawanga Rural 53,339 9,491 1,168 712 64,708

Nkansi 23,714 3,746 709 78 28,247 Sumbawanga Urban 10,228 1,885 577 169 12,859

Total 141,778 18,285 2,856 1,228 164,147

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds

Maize Paddy Sorghum &Millet

Beans &Pulses

G'Nuts/BambNuts

Wheat CotttonCrop Type

Chart 3.90 Number of Households by Purpose of Storage and Crop Type

Food for the Household To Sell for Higher Price Seeds for Planting Other

Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

46,242

59,911

24,110

81.47%

86.97%

79.17%

77.7%

Mpanda

Nkasi

10,835

80,000 to 100,00060,000 to 80,00040,000 to 60,00020,000 to 40,000

0 to 20,000

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

41.5%

46.2%

48.8%

57.9%

Mpanda

Nkasi

54.7 to 57.951.4 to 54.748.1 to 51.444.8 to 48.141.5 to 44.8

Percent of Household Storing Crops

Percent of Households StoringCrops For 3 to 6 Months

by District

MAP 3.37 RUKWA

MAP 3.38 RUKWANumber of Households and Percent

of Total Households SellingCrops by District


Percent of Household Storing Crops

Percent of Households Selling Crops

Number of Households Selling Crops

Number of Households Selling Crops

RESULT 57



58

3.7.2 Agro processing and By-products

Agro processing refers to a process that converts a crop product from one form to another form in order to add value or

increase the palatability of the product. Agro-processing was practiced in most crop growing households in Rukwa region

(167,155 households, 97% of the total crop growing households) (Chart 3.91a).

The percent of households processing crops was very high in most districts (above 80%). Mpanda and Sumbawanga Rural

had the lowest percent of households processing crops (96% and 97% of crop growing households respectively) (Chart

3.91b).

3.7.2.1 Processing Methods

Most crop processing households (133,195 households)

processed their crops using neighbour’s machines, this

representing 80 percent This was followed by those

processing on-farm by hand (20,209 households, 12.1%),

trader (9,585 households, 5.2%) and on-farm by machine

(3,397 households, 2%). The remaining methods of

processing were used by very few households (less than

1%).

Although processing by machine was the most common

processing method in all districts in Rukwa region,

however district differences existed. Mpanda has a higher

percent of hand processing than other districts (17%),

followed by Nkasi (14%), Sumbawanga Rural (9%) and

Sumbaweanga Urban (2%). Processing by trader was

more common in Sumbawanga Rurasl and Sumbawanga

Urban (14.3% and 0.3% respectively), whilst processing

on farm by machine was more prevalent in all four

districts of Nkasi, Sumbawanga Urban, Sumbawanga

rural and Mpanda (Chart 3.92).

0

20

40

60

80

100

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds

Proc

essin

g

Nkansi SumbawangaUrban

SumbawangaRural

Mpanda

District

Chart 3.91b: Percentage of Households Processing Crops by District

Chart 3.92: Percent of Crop Processing Households by Method of Processing

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural Nkansi Sumbawanga UrbanDistrict

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds

On Farm by Hand On Farm by Machine By Neighbour MachineBy Co-operative Union By Trader OtherBy Factory

Chart 3.93 Percent of Households by Type of Main Processed ProductFlour / M eal

92.8%

Juice0.1% Oil

1.7%Rubber0.04%

Grain5.4%

Chart 3.91a : Households Processing CropsHouseholds Processing, 167,155,

97%

Households Not Processing, 4,690,

3%



59

3.7.2.2 Main Agro-processing Products

Two types of products can be produced from agro-processing namely, the main product and the by-product. The main

product is the major product after processing and the by-product is secondary after processing. For example the main

product after processing maize is normally flour whilst the by-product is normally the bran.

The main processed product was flour/meal with 155,071

households processing crops into flour (92.8%) followed

by grain with 9,077 households (5.4%) and oil 2,751

households (1.7%). The remaining products such as juice

and rubber were produced by a small number of

households (Chart 3.93).

The number of households producing by-products

accounted for 33.6 percent of the households processing

crops. The most common by-product produced by crop

processing households was bran with 29,934 households (53.5%) followed by Husks (13,429 households, 23.9%), cake

(7,281 households, 13%) and shell (4,131 households, 7.4%). The remaining by-products were produced by a small

number of households (Chart 3.94).

3.7.2.3 Main Use of Primary Processed Products

Primary processed products were used for households or

human consumption, fuel for cooking, for selling and for

animal consumption. The most important use was for

household/human consumption which represented 98

percent of the total households that used primary processed

product (Chart 3.95). Mpanda and Sumbawanga Rural were

the only districts that used primary products as fuel for

cooking.

C hart 3.94 Num be r of House holds by Type of By-product

Fiber, 205, 0%

Juice, 34, 0%

Pulp, 484, 1%

Husk, 13,429, 24%

Cake, 7,281, 13%

Oil, 201, 0%

Shell, 4,131, 7%

Other, 284, 1%

Bran, 29,934, 54%

C hart 3.95 Use of Proce sse d Product

Animal Consumpt ion,

451, 0.2%

Did Not Use, 710, 0.3% Sale Only, 3,510,

1.2%

Fuel for Cooking, 912, 0.4%

Household/ human

consumpt ion, 277,966, 97.7%

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

Perc

enta

ge o

f hou

seho

lds


SumbawangaUrban

Nkansi

District

Chart 3.96 Percentage of Households Selling Processed Crops by District

Chart 3.97 Location of S ale of Processed Products

Secondary Market , 823,

7.7%

Farmers Associat ion, 568,

5.3%

Local Market / T rade Store, 596,

5.6%

Neighbours, 6,568, 61.5%

Market ing Co-operat ive, 132,

1.2%

Large Scale Farm, 34,

0.3%

T rader at Farm, 1,851, 17.3%

Other, 115, 1.1%



60

Out of 10,687 households that sold processed products, 6,158 were from Mpanda (57.6% of the total number of

households selling processed products in the region), followed by Sumbawanga Rural with 3,529 households (33%), Nkasi

with 654 households (6.1%) and Sumbawanga Urban with 345 households (3.2%) (Chart 3.96). Compared to other

districts in Rukwa region, Mpanga had the highest percent of households (10.8%) that sold processed products. This is

followed by Sumbawanga Rural (5.3%), Sumbawanga Urban (2.6%), and Nkasi (2.2%).

3.7.2.4 Outlets for Sale of Processed Products

Most houseyholds that sold processed products sold them to

neighbours (7,582 households, 35%), local market and trade

stores (6,568 households, 61.5% of households that sold

crops). This was followed by selling to trader at farm

(1,851 households, 17.3%), secondary market (823

households, 7.7%), local market trade store (596

households, 5.6%), farm associations (568 households

(5.3%), marketing co-operatives (132 households, 1.2%),

other (115 households, 1.1%) and larege scale farms (34

households, 0.3%) and other places (115 households,

1.1%)(Chart 3.97).

There are large differences between districts in the proportion of households selling processed products to neighbours with Mpanda district having the largest percentage (57.4%) and Sumbawanga Urban having the lowest (0.5%). Compared to other districts, Sumbawanga Rural had the highest percent of households selling processed products to traders at farm. Both Sumbawanga Rural and Urban districts sold processed produce to farmer associations most. The district which had the highest proportion of households selling processed products to marketing cooperative was Nkansi. 3.7.3 Crop Marketing The number of households that reported selling crops was 141,097 which represent 81.9 percent of the total number of crop growing households. The percent of crop growing households selling crops was highest in Sumbawanga Rural (42%) followed by Mpanda (33%), Nkasi (17.1%) and Sumbawanga Urban (8%) (Chart 3.99 and Map 3.42)

Chart 3.98 Percent of Households S elling Processed Products by Outlet for S ale and District

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Mpanda Sumbaw angaRural

Nkansi Sumbaw angaUrbanDistrict

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds S

ellin

gNeighbours Local Market / T rade Store Market ing Co-operat iveFarmers Associat ion Large Scale Farm T rader at FarmSecondary Market Other

C hart 3.100 Pe rce n tage Distribu tion of Hou se holds that Re porte d Marke ting Proble m s by Type of roble m

Open Market P rice To o Lo w

79%

Other0%

No Trans po rt3%

Farmers As s o ciatio n

P ro blems0%

Co -o perative P ro blems

0%

No Buyer0%

Lack o f Market Info rmatio n

2%

Trans po rt Co s t To o High

6%

Market to o Far, 9624,

0%

Chart 3 99 Number of Crop Growing Households Selling Crops by District

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

Sumbawanga Rural Mpanda Nkansi SumbawangaUrbanDistrict

Num

ber

of H

ouse

hold

s

0 0

30 0

60 0

90 0

Perc

ent

Number o f Ho us eho lds Se lling Cro ps Percentage of Householdss Slling crops



61

3.7.3.1 Main Marketing Problems

Open market price too low for agricultural produce was the main marketing problem reported by most households (78.1%

of crop growing households) followed by longer distances to the markets (10.1%), high transport costs (5.7%), lack of

transport (5.7%), lack of market information (2.1%) and other marketing problems are minor and represented less than 1

percent of the total reported problems.

3.7.3.2 Reasons for Not Selling Crops

The main reason for not selling crops was reported as

“insufficient production to sell” which accounted for 90 percent

of the smallholders. The remaining reasons for not selling are in

such low numbers that it is not appropriate to rank their

importance (Table 3.12). This general trend applies to all

districts in Rukwa region.

3.8 Access to Crop Production Services 3.8.1 Access to Agricultural Credit The census result shows that in Rukwa region very few

agricultural households (7,365, 4.3%) accessed credit out of

which 6,833 (93%) were male-headed households and 533

(7%) were female-headed households. In Nkasi district only

female-headed households got agricultural credit whereas in

Mpanda, Sumbawanga Rural and Sumbawanga Urban districts

both male and female headed households accessed credit.

(Table 3.13).

3.8.1.1 Source of Agricultural Credit

The major agricultural credit providers in Rukwa region were co-operatives 2,685 agricultural households (35.8% of the

total number of households that accessed credit) this was followed by traders/trade stores (34.9%), family, friends and

relatives (25.9%), private individuals (2.1%) and religious organization, NGO and projects (1.3%) (Chart 3.101). Co-

operative and religious organization, NGO and projects were the sole source of agricultural credit in Mpanda and

Sumbawanga Urban districts respectively. Family, Friends and Relatives provided agricultural credits in all four districts in the

region (Chart 3.102).

Table 3 12 Reasons for Not Selling Crop Produce

Number of Household %

Production Insufficient to Sell 96,997 90.0 Price Too Low 6,450 6.0 Other 2,652 2.5 Market Too Far 992 0.9 Trade Union Problems 303 0.3 Government Regulatory Board Problems 198 0.2 Farmers Association Problems 134 0.1 Total 107,725 100

Table 3.13 Number of Agricultural Households that Received Credit by Sex of Household Head and District

Male % Female % Total District

4,552 94 270 6 4,821 Sumbawanga Rural 2,146 95 116 5 2,261

Nkansi 0 0 80 100 80 Sumbawanga Urban 135 67 67 33 202

Total 6,833 93 533 7 7,365



62

3.8.1.2 Use of Agricultural Credit

A large proportion of the agricultural credit provided to agricultural households in the region were used on buying

fertilizers (30%), this was followed by hiring labour (20%), buying seeds (18%) and agro-chemicals (17%). The proportion

of agricultural credits intended to be used for buying tools/equipments, irrigation structures, and others was very low

(Chart 3.103).

3.8.1.3 Reasons for Not Using Agricultural Credit

The main reason for not using agricultural credit as a source of finance was that, credits were not available accounting to

31 percent of the agricultural households. This was followed by households reporting the lack of credit awareness (27%),

the knowledge of credit (19%). Also other households did not want to go into debits (13%). The rest of the reasons were

collectively less than 8 percent of the households.

C h art 3.102: Nu m be r of House h olds Re ce iving C re dit by Main Source of C re dit an d Distri ct

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Nkansi Sumbawanga Rural Sumbawanga Urban MpandaDistrict

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds

Family, Friend and Relat ive Co-operat iveT rader / T rade Store Private IndividualReligious Organisat ion / NGO / P roject

C hart 3.101: Pe rce ntage Distribution of House holds Re cie vin gC re di t by Main Source

Co-operative36%

Trader / Trade Store35%

Private Individual2%

Religious Organisation / NGO / Project

1%

Family, Friend and Relative

26%

Chart 3.104 Reasons for not Using Credit (% of Households)

Did not want to go into debt

13%Interest rate-cost too high

3%

Did not know how to get credit

26%

Difficult bureaucracy procedure

3%

Credit granted-too late

0%

Not available32%

Not needed4%

Don't know about credit19%

Chart 3.103 Proportion of Households Receiving Credit by Main Purpose of the Credit

Other, 270, 2%

Irrigation Structures, 537,

4%

Agro-chemicals, 2,210, 17%

Fertilizers, 3,966, 30%

Seeds, 2,353, 18%

Labour, 2,594, 20% Tools /

Equipment, 1,178, 9%



63

3.8.2 Crop Extension The number of Agricultural households that received crop extension was 9,046 (17% of total crop growing households in

the region) (Chart 3.105). Some districts had more access to extension services than others, with Sumbawanga Rural

having a relatively high proportion of households (20%) that received crop extension messages in the district followed by

Mpanda (19%), Sumbawanga Urban (15%) and Nkasi (6%) (Chart 3.106 and Map 4.43).

3.8.2.1 Sources of Crop Extension Messages

Of the households receiving extension advice the Government provided the greatest proportion (85%, 24,535 households).

NGO/Development projects provided (10.3%), large scale farms (3%), co-operatives (1.1%).The remaining extension

source of extension provided only (0.6%) Chart 3.107). However, district differences exist with the proportion of the

households receiving extension advices from government services ranging from between 73 percent and 100 percent in

Mpanda to 90 percent in Sumbawanga Urban.

Chart 3.105 Number of Households Receiving Extension Advice

Households Receiving Extension

9,046, 17%

Households Not Receiving Extension

3,215, 83%

Chart 3.106 Number of Households Receiving Extension by District

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

Sumbawanga Rural Mpanda Sumbawanga Urban NkansiDistrict

Num

ber

of H

ouse

hold

s

0

10

20

30

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds

Number of Households Percentage of Households Receiving Extension

Chart 3 107 Number of Households Receiving Extension Messages by Type of Extension Provider

Other1%

Government85%

NGO / Development

Project10%Cooperative

1%

Large Scale Farm3%

Chart 3.108 Number of Households Receiving Extension by Quality of Services

Very Good, 2,657, 9.2% Poor, 1,675,

5.8%

Average, 8,059, 27.9%

Good, 16,539, 57.2%



64

3.8.2.2 Quality of Extension

An assessment of the quality of extension indicated that 57.2 percent of the households receiving extension ranked the

service as being good followed by average (27.9 %), very good (9.2%) and poor (5.8%) (Chart 3.108). However, care

should be exercised when making decisions on quality of extension and also other variables in the extension report as all

the enumerators were extension agents and some degree of bias is expected.

3.9 Access to Inputs

Access to inputs in this section refers to all crop growing

households in Tanzania regardless of whether the

household grew annual or permanent crops. In previous

sections the reference was to annual crops. Because of

this, some of the figures presented in this section may be

slightly different from those in previous section on

insecticides inputs use (Section 3.5). Data on sources of

inputs is only found in this section and it applies to both

annual and permanent crops.

A small number of households use inputs and this is particularly true of inputs that are not produced on farm i.e., improved

seeds, fungicides, inorganic fertiliser and herbicides. In Rukwa region farm yard manure was used by 19,966 households

which represent 12 percent of the total number of crop growing households. This was followed by households using

insecticides/fungicides (11.3%), inorganic fertilisers had (6.5%), improved seeds (5.2%) compost (1.9%) and herbicide

(0.2%) (Table 2.13).

3.9.2 Inorganic Fertilisers

Smallholders that use inorganic fertiliser in Rukwa

mostly purchase from the local market/trade store

(58.8% of the total number of inorganic fertiliser

users) followed by co-operatives (24.3%) and crop

buyers (12.1%). The remaining sources of inorganic

fertilisers are minor (Chart 3.109).

Table 2.13 Use of Inputs

Households With Access to Input

Households Without Access to Inputs Type of Input

Number % Number % Farm yard manure 19,966 11.6 152,375 88.4

Improved seeds 9,018 5 2 163,243 94.8

Pestcides/Fungicide 19,503 11 3 152,758 88.7

Inorganic fertiliser 11,103 6 5 160,960 93.5

Compost 11,103 6 5 160,960 93.5

Herbicide 269 0 2 171,991 99.8

Chart 3.109 Number of Households by Source of Inorganic Fertiliser

58.8

24.3

12.1

3.5

1.2

02 ,0 00

4 ,0 006 ,0 00

8 ,0 00

Local Market / T rade Store

Co-operative

Crop Buyers

Local Farmers Group

Secondary Market

Sour

ce o

f Ino

rgan

icFe

rtili

ser


Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

19,434

1,964

11,454

1,911

14.87%

19.27%

6.37%

28.27%

Mpanda

Nkasi

20,000 to 25,00015,000 to 20,00010,000 to 15,000

5,000 to 10,0000 to 5,000

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

2,002

11,351

13,859

1,834

157%

20.17%

67%

19.17%

Mpanda

Nkasi

12,000 to 15,0009,000 to 12,0006,000 to 9,0003,000 to 6,000

0 to 3,000

Number of Household ReceivingCrop Extension Services

Number of Households and Percentof Total Households Receiving

Crop Extension Servicesby District

MAP 3.39 RUKWA

MAP 3.40 RUKWANumber and Percent of Crop Growing

Households Using ImprovedSeed by District


Number of Household Receiving Crop Extension ServicesPercent of Number of Household Receiving Crop Extension Services

Percent of Households Growing Crops Using Improved Seed

Number of Households GrowingCrops Using Improved Seed

Number of Households Growing Crops Using Improved Seed

RESULT 65



66

The source of inorganic fertiliser was mainly

more than 10 km from the household with most

households residing between 10 and 20 km from

the source (29%), followed by between 3 and 10

km (28%), 20 km and above (20%), between 1

km and 3km (14%) and less than 1 km (9%)

(Chart 3.110). Due to the very small number of

households using inorganic fertilisers coupled

with the small number of households

responding to “not available” (12% ) as the

reason for not using, it may be assumed that

access to inorganic fertiliser is not the main reason for not using it. Other reasons such as cost are more important with 69

percent of households responding to cost factors as the main reason for not using. In other words, it may be assumed that if

the cost was affordable the demand would be

higher and access to inorganic fertiliser would be

made more available.

More smallholders use inorganic fertilisers in

Mpanda than in other districts in Rukwa region

(83.4% of households using inorganic fertilisers),

followed by Sumbawanga Urban (8.5%). Other

districts use very little inorganic fertiliser.

3.9.3 Improved Seeds

The percentage of households that used improved seeds was 5.2 percent of the total number of crop growing households.

Most of the improved seeds were from the local market/trade store (55.9%) followed by co-operatives (20.9%) and crop

buyers (12.3%). Other less important sources of

improved seed are from neighbours (5.7%), local

farmers groups (2.9%), development partners

(1.4%) and large scale farms (0.9%) (Chart 3.111).

Access to improved seed is better than access to

chemical inputs with 30 percent of households

obtaining the input within 1 km of the household

(Chart 3.112). This is in line with the higher use of

improved seed compared to other chemical inputs,

which further supports the concept that it is not the availability that is the main issue in the use of inputs but rather other

factors such as cost.

The districts that mostly used improved seeds are Mpanda (66.3 percent of the total number of households using improved

seeds in Rukwa region), followed by Sumbawanga Rural (20.7%) and Sumbawanga Urban (8.7%) and Nkasi (4.3%) (Map

3.44).

C h art 3.112 Num be r of House holds re porting Distance to Sou rce of Im prove d Se e d

0

10

20

30

40

Less than 1km

Between 1 and3 km

Between 3 and10 km

Between 10and 20 km

20 km andAbove

Distan ce (km )

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds

C h art 3.110 Nu m be r of Hou se h olds Re portin g Distance to S ou rce of In organic Fe rti l i se r

0

10

20

30

40

Less than 1km

Between 1 and3 km

Between 3 and10 km

Between 10and 20 km

20 km andAbove

Distan ce (k m )

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds

C hart 3.111 Num be r of House h olds by Source of Im prove d S e e d

0.9

1.4

2.9

5.7

12.3

20.9

55.8

01,500

3,0004,500

6,000


Co-operat ive

Crop Buyers

Neighbour

Local Farmers Group

Development P roject

Large Scale Farm

Sour

ce o

f Im

prov

ed S

eed

Num be r of House holds



67

Insecticides and Fungicides Most smallholder households using insecticides and fungicides mainly purchased them from locally produced by

households’ (41.9% of the total number of fungicide users) and local farmers group (26.7%). Other sources of insecticides/

fungicides are of minor importance (Chart 3.113).

However, Chart 3.114 shows that there is no distinct pattern for the number of households with varying distances from the

source of insecticide/fungicide. The small number of households using insecticides/fungicides coupled with the 7 percent

of households responding to “not available” as the reason for not using it may be assumed that access is not the main

reason for not using. Other reasons such as cost are more important with 66 percent of households responding to cost

factors as the main reason for not using. In other words, it is assumed that if the cost was affordable, the demand would be

higher and access to insecticides/fungicides would be made more available. Fungicide is used more in Sumbawanga Urban

district (36.1 percent of the total number of households that use fungicide in the region), followed by Sumbawanga Rural

32.1%), Mpanda (24.1%) and Nkasi (7.7%).

3.9 Tree Planting

The number of households involved in tree farming was

29,439 representing 17.1 percent of the total number of

agriculture households (Chart 3.115).

The number of trees planted by smallholders on their

allocated land was 2,101,632 trees. The average

number of trees planted per household planting trees

was 71 trees

C h art 3.114 Num be r of Hou se holds Re porting Distance to S ource of In se cticide s/Fun gicide s

0

10

20

30

40

Less than 1km

Between 1 and3 km

Between 3 and10 km

Between 10and 20 km

20 km andAbove

Distance (km )

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds

C h art 3.113 Nu m be r of Hou se holds by S ource of In se cticide /fu ngicide

41.9

26.7

8.6

8.5

7.5

5.8

1.0

01,000

2,0003,000

4 ,000

Locally P roduced by Household

Local Farmers Group

Crop Buyers

Neighbour

Secondary Market


Large Scale Farm

Sour

ce o

f Ins

ectic

ide/

fung

icid

e

Num be r of Hou se h olds

Chart 3.115 Number of Households with Planted Trees - RUKWA

Households without P lanted T rees, 142822,

83%

Households with P lanted T rees,

29439, 17%

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

2,830

1,138

1,146

9,983

14.1%

7.5%

2.1%

1.2%

Mpanda

Nkasi

120 to 15090 to 12060 to 9030 to 60

0 to 30

Number of SmallhohdersPlanted Trees

Number and Percent of SmallholderPlanted Trees by District

MAP 3.41 RUKWA


Number of Smallhohders Planted TreesPercent of Smallhohders Planted Trees

RESULT 68



69

The main species planted by smallholders is Eucalyptus (1,778,915, 85%), senna spp (222,188, 11%), Gravellia spp

(58,385 trees, 3%), jacaranda spp (17,556 trees, 1% and afzelia quanzensis ( 10,399 trees, 0.5%). The remaining trees

species are planted in comparatively small numbers (Chart116.).

Sumbawanga Urban district has the largest number of

planted trees than any other district (79.3%) and is

dominated by Eucalyptus species. This is followed by

Sumbawanga Rural (8.2%) which is dominated by

Eucalyptus species, Nkasi (7.3%) and Mpanda (5.2%)

which is mainly planted with Eucalyptus (Chart 3.117 and

Map 3.45.).

Smallholders mostly plant trees on the plantation or

coppices. The proportion of trees that planted on

field plantation or copies was 78 percent, followed by

scattered around fields (12%) and then trees planted in a

field or plot boundaries (10%) (Chart 3.118).

The main purpose of planting trees is to obtain

planks/timber (35.9%). This is followed by wood for fuel

(30.1%), shade (22.7%) and poles (9.8%), medicinal (1.1%),

charcoal and other had (0.26%) each (Chart 3.119).

3.11 Irrigation and Erosion Control Facilities

Erosion control and water harvesting facilities are grouped

together as they normally have dual purposes of reducing

erosion and increasing the amount of water available for

crop production.

The number of agricultural households that had soil erosion

and water harvesting facilities on their farms was 16,883

which represent 10 percent of the total number of agricultural households in the region (Chart 3.120).

C hart 3.118 Num be r of Tre e s Plante d by Location

Mostly on Field / P lot Boundaries,

4,272, 9.9%

Most ly Scat tered in Field, 5,027,

11.7%

Most ly in P lantat ion /

Coppice, 33,850, 78.4%

Chart 3.120 Number of Households with Erosion Control/Water Harvesting Facili ties

Household Without Facilities,

155,378, 90%

Household With Facilities, 16,883,

10%

Chart 2.116 Number of Planted Trees by Species - RUKWA

0

400,0

00

800,0

00

1,200

,000

1,600

,000

2,000

,000

Eucalyptus SppSenna Spp

GravellisJakaranda Spp

Afzelia QuanzensisCyprus SppAcacia Spp

Pinus SppAzadritachta Spp

Trichilia SppMelicia excelsa

CasurinaTectona Grandis

Syszygium SppLeucena SppCalophylum

Tree

Spe

cies

Number of Trees

Chart 3.117 Number of Trees Planted by Smallholders by Species and Region

0 180 000 360 000 540 000 720 000 900 000 1080 000

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

Nkansi

Mpanda

Dist

rict

Number of Trees

Eucalyptus Spp Senna Spp Gra e lis Afzelia Quanzens isCyprus Spp Acac ia Spp P inus Spp Melic ia exce ls aCas urina Equ s e tfilia Tec to na Grandis J akaranda Spp

C h art 3.119 Nu m be r of House h olds by Pu rpose of Plan te d Tre e s

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

Planks /T imber

Fuel forWood

Shade P oles Medicinal Charcoal OtherUse

Perc

ent o

f Hou

seho

lds



70

The proportion of households with soil erosion control and water harvesting facilities was highest in Sumbawanga Urban

district (16%) followed by Mpanda (12%) and Sumbawanga Rural (8%). Nkasi district had the lowest proportion of (5%)

(Chart 3.121).

Erosion control bunds accounted for 82.5 percent of

the total number of structures, followed by water

harvesting bunds (14%), drainage ditches (2.5%), tree

belts (0.5%), dam (0.4%), terraces and vetiver grass

had (0.1%) each. However, gabions/sandbags were

not used in the district (Chart 3.122) and Map 3.46

Erosion control bunds and water harvesting bunds

together had 261,070 structures. This represented

96.5 percent of the total structures in the region. The

remaining 3.5 percentages were shared among the

rest of the erosion control methods mentioned above.

Mpanda and Sumbawanga Rural districts had

260,332 erosion control structures which is

equivalent to 96.2 percent of the total erosion

structures in the region.

Chart 3.122 Number of Erosion Control/Water Harvesting Structures by Type of Facility

0.00.10.1

0.40.52.5

14.082.5

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

Erosion Control BundsWater Harvesting Bunds

Drainage DitchesTree Belts

DamVetiver Grass

TerracesGabions / Sandbag

Type

ofFa

cilit

y

Number of Structures

Chart 3.121 Number of Households With Erosion Control/Water Harvesting Facilities

12

8

16

5

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural SumbawangaUrban

Nkansi

DistrictN

umbe

r of

Hou

seho

lds

0

5

10

15

20

Perc

ent

No of Households Percent

RESULTS – Livestock Production __________________________________________________________________________________________


71

3.12 LIVESTOCK RESULTS

3.12.1 Cattle Production

The total number of cattle in the region was

504,727. Cattle were the most dominant livestock

type in the region followed by goats, sheep and

pigs. The region had 3.0 percent of the total cattle

population on Tanzania Mainland.

3.12.1.1 Cattle Population

The number of indigenous cattle in Rukwa region

was 504,345 (99.7 % of the total number of cattle

in the region), 1,107 cattle (0.2%) were dairy

breeds and 274 cattle (0.1%) were beef breeds.

The census results show that 43,551 agricultural

households in the region (25.3% of total agricultural households) kept 0.5 million cattle. Therefore, the average number of

cattle per household was 12 (Chart 3.123 and Map 3.47).

However Sumbawanga Urban district had the

highest density (61 head per km2) (Map 3.48).

Although Sumbawanga Rural district had the

largest number of cattle in the region, most of it

was indigenous. The number of dairy cattle was

very small and there was no beef cattle kept in the

respective district. Mpanda district had the largest

number of diary cattle in the region. In general, the

number of beef cattle in the region was

insignificant (Chart 3.124).

3.12.1.2 Herd Size

Thirteen percent of the cattle-rearing households had herds of size 1-5 cattle with an average of three cattle per household.

Herd sizes of 6-30 accounted for about 37 percent of all cattle in the region. Only 14 percent of the cattle rearing

households had herd sizes of 31- 100 cattle. About 50.2 percent of total cattle rearing households had herds of size 1-30

cattle and owns 50.1 percent of total cattle in the region, resulting in an average of 6 cattle per cattle rearing household.

There were about 463 households with a herd size of more than 151 cattle each (123,239 cattle in total) resulting in an

average of 266 cattle per household.

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Num

ber

of C

attle

('00

0')

SumbawangaRural


Districts

Chart 3.123 Total Number of Cattle ('000') by District

Chart 3.124 Number of Cattle by Type and District

0

110,000

220,000

Sumbawanga Rural Nkansi Mpanda Sumbawanga Urban

Districts

Num

ber

of C

attle

Indigenous Improved Beef Improved Dairy



72

3.12.1.3 Cattle Population Trend Cattle population in Rukwa decreased during the period of

eight years from 426,329 in 1995 to 378,338 cattle in 2003.

This trend depicts an overall annual negative growth rate of

-1.48 percent (Chart 3.125).

However, there was a very sharp decrease in number of

cattle for the period of four years from 1995 to 1999 at the

rate of –2.55 percent whereby the number dropped from

426,329 to 384,410. Moreover, the number of cattle was

estimated to have slightly decreased from 384,410 in 1999

to 378,338in 2003 at the rate of -1.48 percent.

3.12.1.4 Improved Cattle Breeds

The total number of improved cattle in Rukwa region was 1,328 (1,107 dairy and 274 improved beef). The diary cattle constituted 0.2 percent of the total cattle and 88.4 percent of improved cattle in the region. The number of beef cattle in the region was insignificant constituting only 20.6 percent of the total number of the improved cattle and 0.1 percent of the total cattle. The number of improved cattle increased from 448 in 1995 to 1,107 in 2003 at an annual growth rate of 12.10. The growth rate was higher for the period from 1995 to 1999 (63.54%) than from 1999 to 2003 when it dropped by -23.16 percent (Chart 126). 3.12.2. Goat Production Goat rearing was the second most important livestock keeping activity in the region followed by sheep and pig rearing. In terms of total number of goats on the Mainland, Rukwa region ranked 16 out of the 21 regions with 2.5 percent of the total goats on the Mainland. 3.12.2.1 Goat Population The number of goat-rearing-households in Rukwa region was 43,150 (25% of all agricultural households in the region) with a total of 292,849 goats giving an average of 7 head of goats per goat-rearing-household. Sumbawanga Rural district had the largest number of goats (118,607 goats, 40.5% of all goats in the region) followed by Mpanda (118,261 goats, 40.4%) and Nkasi (42,696 goats, 14.6%). Sumbawanga Urban district had the least number of goats (13,285 goats, 4.5%) (Chart 3.127 and Map 3.49) However both Sumbawanga Urban and Sumbawanga Rural districts had the highest density of goats (22 head per km2 ) each (Map 3.50).

426,329384,410 378,338

-

150,000

300,000

450,000

Num

ber

of c

attle

1995 1999 2003

Year

Chart 3.125 Cattle Population Trend

448

3,176

1,107

-

1,500

3,000

Num

ber

of c

attle

1995 1999 2003

Ye ar

Chart 3 126 Dairy Cattle Population Trend

0

30,000

60,000

90,000

Num

ber

ofG

oats

('000

').



District

C h art 3.127 Total Num be r of Goats ('000') by District



73

3.12.2.2 Goat Herd Size

Forty nine percent of the goat-rearing households had herd size of 1-4 goats with an average of 2 goats per goat rearing

household. Sixty six percent of total goat-rearing households had herd size of 1-14 goats and owned 66.3 percent of the

total goats in the region resulting in an average of 5 goats per goat-rearing households. The region had 321 households

(0.7%) with herd sizes of 40 or more goats each (16,877 goats in total), resulting in an average of 53 goats per household.

3.12.2.3 Goat Breeds

Goat husbandry in the region was dominated by the indigenous breeds that constituted 98.6 percent of the total goats in the

region. Improved goats for meat and diary goats

constituted 0.8 and 0.6 percent of total goats

respectively.

3.12.2.4 Goat Population Trend

The overall annual growth rate of goat population from

1995 to 2003 was 6.05 percent. This positive trend

implies eight years of population increase from 183,041

in 1995 to 292,849 in 2003. The number of goats

increased from 183,041 in 1995 at an estimated annual

rate of 7.18 percent to 241,546 in 1999. From 1999 to

2003, the goat population increased at an annual rate of

4.93 percent (Chart 128).

3.12.3. Sheep Production

Sheep rearing was the third important livestock

keeping activity in Rukwa region after cattle and goats.

The region ranked 16 out of 21 Mainland regions and

had 0.9 percent of all sheep on Tanzania Mainland.

3.12.3.1 Sheep Population

The number of sheep-rearing households was 4,770

(2.8 % of all agricultural households in Rukwa region)

rearing 36,073 sheep, giving an average of 8 heads of

sheep per sheep-rearing household. The district with the

largest number of sheep was Mpanda with 13,967 sheep (38.7% of total sheep in Rukwa region) followed by Sumbawanga

Rural (10,953 sheep, 30.4%) and Nkasi (10,756 sheep, 29.8%). Sumbawanga Urban district had the least number of sheep

(397 sheep, 1.1%) (Chart 3.129 and Map 3.51). Sumbawanga Rural and Nkasi districts also had the highest density (2

head per km2 ) (Map 3.52) each.All sheep kept were indigenous breed

183,041

241,546292,849

-

120,000

240,000

Num

ber

of g

oats

1995 1999 2003

Ye ar

Chart 3 128 Goat Population Trend

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

Num

ber

of s

heep



District

Chart 3.129 Total Number of Sheep by District

Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

44

61

29

5

Mpanda

Nkasi

49.8 to 6138.6 to 49.827.4 to 38.616.2 to 27.4

5 to 16.2

Sumbawanga Urban

Nkasi

Mpanda

Sumbawanga Rural

36,156

149,080

82,871

236,620

400,000 to 500,000300,000 to 400,000200,000 to 300,000100,000 to 200,000

0 to 100,000

Number of Cattle

Cattle Population by District as of1st Octobers 2003

MAP 3.42 RUKWA

MAP 3.43 RUKWACattle Density by District as of

1st October 2003


Cattle Population

Number of Cattle of per Square Km

Cattle Density

RESULT 74

Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban8

7

22

22

Mpanda

Nkasi

40 to 5030 to 4020 to 3010 to 20

0 to 10

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

13,285

118,607

42,696

118,261

Mpanda

Nkasi

120,000 to 150,00090,000 to 120,00060,000 to 90,00030,000 to 60,000

0 to 30,000

Number of Goats

Goats Population by District as of1st Octobers 2003

MAP 3.44 RUKWA

MAP 3.45 RUKWAGoats Density by District as of

1st October 2003


Goats Population

Number of Goats of per Square Km

Goats Density

RESULT 75



76

3.12.3.2 Sheep Population Trend

The overall annual growth rate of the sheep population

for the eight year period from 1995 to 2003 is estimated

at 22.92 percent. The population increased at an annual

rate of 17.11 percent from 6,923 in 1995 to 13,021 in

1999. From 1999 to 2003, sheep population increased at

an annual rate of 22.92 percent (Chart 3.130).

3.12.4. Pig Production

Piggery was the least important livestock keeping

activity in the region after cattle, goats and sheep. The

region ranked 16 out of 21 Mainland regions and is

0.64 percent of the Mainland total pigs.

The number of pig-rearing agricultural households in

Rukwa region was 12,101 (7% of the total agricultural

households in the region) rearing 51,840 pigs. This

gives an average of 4 pigs per pig-rearing household.

The district with the largest number of pigs was

Sumbawanga Rural with 36,455 pigs (70.3% of the

total pig population in the region) followed by Nkansi

(8,396 pigs, 16.2%), Mpanda (4,837 pigs, 9.3%)

Sumbawanga Urban (2,152 pigs, 4.2%) (Chart 3.131

and Map 3.53). However Sumbawanga Urban district

had the highest density (3.6 head per km2 ) (Map 3.54).

3.12.4.1 Pig Population Trend

The overall annual growth rate of the pig population

over the eight years period from 1995 to 2003 was

20.33 percent. During this period the population grew

from 11,794 to 51,840. The pig population increased

from 11,794 in 1995 to 22,341 in 1999 at a rate of

17.32 percent. The growth rate increased to 23.42

percent during the following four years from 1999 to

2003 in which pig population increased from 22,341 to

51,840 (Chart 3.132).

6,923

13,021

36,073

-

15,000

30,000

Num

ber

of sh

eep

1995 1999 2003

Ye ar

Chart 3 130 Sheep Population Trend

11,794

22,341

51,840

-

30,000

60,000

Num

ber

of p

igs

1995 1999 2003

Ye ar

Chart 3.132 Pig Population Trend

0

15,000

30,000

Num

ber

of P

igs

SumbawangaRural


Distri ct

Chart 3.131 Total Number of Pigs by District

DISTRICT PROFILES. __________________________________________________________________________________________


77

3.12.5 Chicken Production

The poultry sector in Rukwa region was dominated by chicken production. The region contributed 3.4 percent to the total

chicken population on Tanzania Mainland.

3.12.5.1 Chicken Population

The number of households keeping chicken was

109,912 raising about 1,122,432 chickens. This gives

an average of 10 chickens per chicken-rearing

household. In terms of total number of chickens in

the country, Rukwa region was ranked eighth out of

the 21 Mainland regions.

The District with largest number of chickens was

Mpanda (492,601 chickens, 43.9% of the total

number of chickens in the region) followed by

Sumbawanga Rural (445,939 39.7%) and Nkasi

(130,643, 11.6%). Sumbawanga Urban district had the

smallest number of chickens (53,250, 4.7%) (Chart

3.133 and Map 3.55). However Sumbawanga Urban

district had the highest density (90 chicken per km2 )

(Map 3.56).

3.12.5.2 Chicken Population Trend The overall annual chicken population growth rate during the eight-year period from 1995 to 2003 was 2.24 percent. The population decreased at a rate of -2.15 percent from 1995 to 1999 after which it increased at a rate of 6.83 percent for the four year period from 1999 to 2003 (Chart 3.134). Ninety nine percent of all chicken in Rukwa region were of indigenous breed. The dominance of indigenous breed makes the population trend for the indigenous chicken more-or-less the same as that of the total chickens in the region. 3.12.5.3 Chicken Flock Size The results indicate that about 86.5 percent of all chicken-rearing households were keeping 1-19 chickens with an average of 7 chickens per holder. About 13.3 percent of holders were reported to be keeping the flock size of 20 to 99 chickens with an average of 32chickens per holder.

Only 0.22 percent of holders kept the flock sizes of 100

chickens or more at an average of 150 chickens per holder

(Table 3.14).

Table 3.15 Number of Households and Chickens Raised by Flock Size

Flock Size Number of Households

% Number

of Chicken

Average Chicken by Households

1-4 38,452 35.0 92,665 2 5-9 31,281 28 5 204,580 7 10 -19 25,278 23.0 321,753 13 20-29 6,961 6 3 155,776 22 30-39 4,248 3 9 136,546 32 40-49 2,087 1 9 87,172 42 50-99 1,365 1 2 87,994 64 100+ 240 0 2 35,946 150 Total 109,912 100 1,122,432 10

428,055392,442

511,221

-

300,000

Num

ber

of C

hick

en

1995 1999 2003

Year

Chart 3 134 Chicken Population Trend

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Num

ber

of C

hick

ens

Mpanda SumbawangaRur

Nkasi SumbawangaUrb

District

Chart 3.133 Total Number of Chickens by District

Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

2

0.7

2.1

0.8

Mpanda

Nkasi

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

10,756

13,967

397

10,953

Mpanda

Nkasi

12,000 to 14,0009,000 to 12,0006,000 to 9,0003,000 to 6,000

0 to 3,000

Number of Sheep

Sheep Population by District as of1st Octobers 2003

MAP 3.46 RUKWA

MAP 3.47 RUKWASheep Density by District as of

1st October 2003


Sheep Population

Number of Sheep of per Square Km

Sheep Density

1.9 to 2.11.6 to 1.91.3 to 1.61 to 1.30.7 to 1

RESULT 78

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

3.6

6.8

1.6

0.3

Mpanda

Nkasi

5.2 to 6.83.9 to 5.22.6 to 3.91.3 to 2.60 to 1.3

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

2,152

36,455

8,396

4,837

Mpanda

Nkasi

40,000 to 50,00030,000 to 40,00020,000 to 30,00010,000 to 20,000

0 to 10,000

Number of Pig

Pig Population by District as of1st Octobers 2003

MAP 3.48 RUKWA

MAP 3.49 RUKWAPig Density by District as of

1st October 2003


Pig Population

Number of Pig of per Square Km

Pig Density

RESULT 79



80

3.12.5.4 Improved Chickens (layers and broilers)

Layers chicken population in Rukwa Region increased at an annual rate of 72.35 percent for the period of four years from

823 in 1999 to 7,261 in 2003. The number of improved chicken was most significant in Nkasi district followed by

Sumbawanga Rural and Sumbawanga Urban districts (Chart 3.135).

The overall annual growth rate for broilers during the eight-year period from 1995 to 2003 was 33.38 percent during which

the population grew from 725 to 7,261. The annual growth rate was (72.35%) for the period of four years from 1995 to

1999. The broiler population exhibited an increasing trend at the rate of 63.59 percent per annum for the period of four

years from 1995 to 1999 before decreasing at an annual rate of -50.67 from 1999 to 2003. The overall annual growth rate

for broilers was -10.17 during the eight-years period from 1,450 chicken in 1995 to 615 chicken in 2003 (Chart 3.136).

3.12.6. Other Livestock

There were 88,647 ducks, 2,686 turkeys, 17,876 rabbits and 11,190 donkeys raised by rural agricultural households in

Rukwa region. Table 3-16 indicates the number of livestock kept in each district. The biggest number of ducks in the

region was found in Sumbawanga Rural district (45.5%

of all ducks in the region), followed by Mpanda (43.3%)

and Nkansi (10.5%). Sumbawanga Urban district had the

least number of ducks estimated at 0.7 percent of total

ducks in the region. Turkeys were reported in

Sumbawanga Rural and Sumbawanga Urban districts

only (Table 3.16).

3.12.7 Pest and Parasite Incidence and Control

The results indicate that 64 percent and 11 percent of the

total livestock-keeping households reported to have

encountered ticks and tsetse fly problems respectively.

(Chart 3.137) shows that there was a predominance of tick

related diseases over tsetse related diseases. Incidences of

both problems were highest in Mpanda district but lowest

in Sumbawanga Rural district (Map 3.57).

Table 3 16 Number of Other Livestock byType of Livestock and District Type of Livestock

District Ducks Turkeys Rabbits Donkeys Other Mpanda 38,381 0 5,650 4,265 0 Sumbawanga Rural 40,326 2,516 5,263 3,578 7,644 Nkasi 9,294 0 3,561 2,629 9,765 Sumbawanga Urban 646 170 3,402 718 0 Total 88,647 2,686 17,,876 11,190 17,409

725 1,450823

10,385

7,261

615

-

4,000

8,000

12,000

Num

ber

of la

yers

1995 1999 2003

Ye ar

Chart 3.136 Improved Chicken Population Trend

0 0

2 ,4 14

2131 ,1 44

402

3 ,7 03

0

0

1,200

2,400

3,600

Num

ber

of C

hick

ens



Dist rict

C hart 3.135 Num be r of Im prove d C h icke n by Type and District

Layers Broilers

Chart 3.137 Percentage of Livestock Keeping Households Reporting Tsetseflies and Tick Problems by District.

0

15

30

45

60

75

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural Nkasi Sumbawanga Urban

District

Perc

ent

T icks T set seflies

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

89.7

83.2

25.7

27.9

Mpanda

Nkasi

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

53,250

492,601

130,643

445,939

Mpanda

Nkasi

400,000 to 500,000300,000 to 400,000200,000 to 300,000100,000 to 200,000

0 to 100,000

Number of Chicken

Chicken Population by District as of1st Octobers 2003

MAP 3.50 RUKWA

MAP 3.50 RUKWAChicken Density by District as of

1st October 2003


Chicken Population

Number of Chicken of per Square Km

Chicken Density

70 to 9060 to 7040 to 6020 to 40

0 to 20

RESULT 81



82

The most practiced method of tick controlling was spraying with 35 percent of all livestock-rearing households in the

region using the method. Other methods used were dipping (4%), smearing (2%) and other traditional methods like hand

picking (10%). However, 49 percent of livestock-keeping households did not use any method.

The most common method used to control tsetse flies was

spraying which was practiced by 11 percent of livestock-

rearing households This was followed by dipping (6%)

and trapping (2%). However, 81 percent of the livestock

rearing households did not use any of the three

aforementioned methods.

3.12.7.1 Deworming

Livestock rearing households that dewormed their

animals were 48,587 (57% of the total livestock rearing

households in the region). The percentage of the

households that dewormed cattle was 38 percent, goats

(32%), sheep (17%) and pigs (4%) (Chart 3.138).

3.12.8. Access to Livestock Services

3.12.8.1 Access to Livestock Extension Services

The total number of households that received livestock

advice was 17,928, representing 30.8 percent of the total

livestock-rearing households and 10.4 percent of the

agricultural households in the region. The main livestock

extension agent was the government which provided

service to about 93.9 percent of all households receiving

livestock extension services. The rest of the households

got services from large-scale farmers (3.58%), Co-

operatives and others provided (1%) each and

NGO/developing Projects had (0.3).

0

20

40

60

Perc

ent

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural Nkasi SumbawangaUrban

District

Chart 3.138 Percent of Livestock Rearing Households that Dewormed Livestock by Livestock Type and District

Catt le Goat s Sheep P igs

Chart 3.139 Percentage Distribution of Livestock Rearing Households by Quality of Livestock Extension S ervices

Average23%Poor

4%No Good

3%

Very Good4%

Good66%

C hart 3.141 Num be r of House h olds by Distance to Ve rte rinary C l in ic and District

0

6,000

12,000

Sumbawanga Rur Mpanda Nkasi Sumbawanga UrbDistrict

Num

ber

of H

ouse

hold

s

Less than 14km More than 14km

C hart 3.140 Num be r of House holds by Distance to Ve rinary C l in ic

More than 14km, 34,807, 73%

Less than 14km, 12,808, 27%



83

About 66 percent of livestock rearing households described the general quality of livestock extension services as being

good, 23 percent said they were average and 4 percent said they were very good and also 4 percent of livestock rearing

households said the service was poor. Moreover, 3 percent of the livestock rearing households said the quality was not

good (Chart 3.139).

3.12.8.2 Access to Veterinary Clinic

Many veterinary clinics were located very far from livestock rearing households. About 73.1 percent of the livestock rearing households accessed the services, at a distance of more than 14 kilometers. Only 26.9 percent of them accessed the services within 14 kilometers from their dwellings (Chart 3.140). The most affected district was Sumbawanga Rural with almost all livestock rearing households (89%) accessing the services at a distance of more than 14 kms. Sumbawanga Urban district was the least affected because about 36 percent of the households could access the service at a distance of more than 14 kilometers. (Chart 3.141). 3.12.8.3 Access to Village Watering Points/dam The number of livestock rearing households residing less than 5 kms from the nearest watering point was 7,525 (78.8% of livestock rearing households in Rukwa region) whilst 443 households (4.6%) resided between 5 and 14 kms. However, 1,587 households (16.6%) had to travel a distance of 15 or more kms to f the nearest watering point (Chart 3.142). Mpanda and Nkansi districts had the best livestock water supply with all of livestock rearing households residing within 5 kms from the nearest watering point. This was followed by Sumbawanga Rural then Sumbawanga Urban districts. In Sumbawanga rural district about 38 percent of the livestock rearing households had to travel a distance of more than five kilometers to the nearest watering point (Chart 3.143).

C hart 3.141 Num be r of House h olds by Distance to Ve rte rinary C l in ic and District

0

6,000

12,000

Sumbawanga Rur Mpanda Nkasi Sumbawanga UrbDistrict

Num

ber

of H

ouse

hold

s

Less than 14km More than 14km

Less than 14km, 12,808, 27%

C hart 3.142 Num be r of House h olds by Distance to Vi l lage W ate ring Points

15 or more kms, 1587,

16 6%

5-14 kms, 444, 4 6%Less than 5

kms, 7,525, 78 8%

C hart 3.143 Num be r of House holds by Distance to Vi l lage W ate ring Poin t and District

0

1,500

3,000

4,500


SumbawangaUrban

Nkasi

District

Num

ber

of H

ouse

hold

s

Less than 5 kms 5-14 kms 15 or more kms



84

3.12.9. Animal Contribution to Crop Production 3.12.9.1 Use of Draft Power Use of draft animals to cultivate land in Rukwa region was relatively important with 79,406 households (46% of the total

households in the region) using them (Chart 3.144).

The number of households that used draft animals in Sumbawanga Rural was 47,115 representing 59 percent of the

households using draft animals in the region, this was followed by Nkasi (16,622 households, 21%), Sumbawanga Urban

(11,547 households, 15%) and Mpanda (4,121 households, 5%) (Chart 3.145 and Map 3.58).

Proportionally, the district whose households used more draft animals was Sumbawanga Urban by (87%) followed by

Sumbawanga Rural 68%) and Nkansi (55%). Mpanda district made the least use of draft animals (7%) of households only.

The region used 247,856 oxen that cultivated 178,167 hectares. This represents only 5.9 percent of the total number of

oxen found on the Mainland. Out of this (140, 521 oxen) were used in sumbawanga rural, Nkasi (55,435 oxen),

Sumbawanga Urban (29,683 oxen) and Mpanda (22,217 oxen) The largest area cultivated using oxen was found in

Sumbawanga Rural district (259,293 ha, 58.9% of the total area cultivated using oxen).

3.12.9.2 Use of Farm Yard Manure

The number of households using organic fertilizers in Rukwa region was 18,756 (11% of total crop growing households in

the region) (Chart 3.146). The total area applied with organic fertiliser was 30,877 hectares or (73.9% of the total area

applied with fertilisers or (10.2 %) of the area planted with annual crops and vegetables in Rukwa region during the wet

season) was applied with farm yard manure (Map 3.59).

0

16,000

32,000

48,000

Num

ber

of H

ouse

hold

s

SumbawangaRural


Mpanda

District

C hart 3.145 Num be r of House holds Usin g Draft An im als by District - RUKW A

3.144 Num be r of House holds Using Draft Am im als

Using Draft Animals, 79,406,

46%

Not Using Draft Animals,

92,855, 54%

C hart 3.146 Num be r of House holds Using O rgan ic Fe rti l i se rs Not Using

Organic fert ilisers,

158,442, 92%

Using Organic fert ilisers,

13819, 8%

C hart 3.147 Are a plan te d with the Appl ication of Fe rti l i se rs - RUKW A

0

7,000

14,000

Sumbawanga Rural Sumbawanga Urban Nkasi Mpanda

District

Are

a (H

a) o

f Fer

tilise

r A

pplic

atio

n

Farm Yard Manure Compost

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

11,547

47,115

4,121

16,622

86.8%

68.3%

54.5%

6.9%

Mpanda

Nkasi

40,000 to 50,00030,000 to 40,00020,000 to 30,00010,000 to 20,000

0 to 10,000

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

Nkasi

4,663

21,579

6,637

4,616

82.9%

62.5%

72.8%

41.1%

Mpanda

40,000 to 50,00030,000 to 40,00020,000 to 30,00010,000 to 20,000

0 to 10,000

Number of Household Infectedwith Ticks

Number and Percent of HouseholdsInfected with Ticks

by District

MAP 3.52 RUKWA

MAP 3.53 RUKWANumber and Percent of Households

Using Draft Animalsby District


Number of Household Infected with TicksPercent of Household Infected with Ticks

Percent of Households Using Draft Animal

Number of Households UsingAnimal Draft

Number of Households Using Animal Draft

RESULT 85

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

762

308

475

1,974

0.8%

0.6%

2.4%

1.5%

Mpanda

Nkasi

1,600 to 2,0001,200 to 1,600

800 to 1,200400 to 800

0 to 400

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

12,857

6,028

2,746

9.7%

25.4%

11.3%

2.9%

Mpanda

Nkasi

5,110

12,000 to 15,0009,000 to 12,0006,000 to 9,0003,000 to 6,000

0 to 3,000

Planted Area with Farm YardManure Applied

Planted Area and Percent of PlantedArea With Farm Yard Manure

Application by District

MAP 3.54 RUKWA

MAP 3.55 RUKWAPlanted Area and Percent of Planted

Area With Compost ManureApplication by District


Planted Area with Farm Yard Manure AppliedPercent of Planted Area with Farm Yard Manure Applied

Percent of Planted Area with Compost Manure Applied

Planted Area with CompostManure Applied

Planted Area with Compost Manure Applied

RESULT 86



87

3.12.9.4 Use of Compost

Only 1,721 hectares (5.4% of the area of organic fertilizer application) was applied with compost. The largest area applied

with compost manure was found in Sumbawanga Rural district with 16,082 hectares (67% of the total area applied with

compost manure) followed by Sumbawanga urban (3,941 ha, 17%), Nkasi (313 ha, 12%) and Mpanda (109 ha, 4%) (Chart

3.147 and Map 3.60).

3.12.10 Fish Farming

The number of households involved in fish farming in Rukwa region was 80, representing 0.05 percent of the total

agricultural households in the region (Chart 3.148 and

Map 3.61).

Fish farming was practiced in Nkasi district only. No

fish farming was practiced in any other district of

Rukwa region. (Chart 3.149).

The main source of fingerings was from the neighbours.

All fish farming households in the region used the

natural ponds.

The number of fish harvested in Rukwa region was 8,018 all of them being tilapia by type. Eighty (80) fish were sold to

traders at farm.

Chart 3.148 Number of Households Practicing Fish Farming - RUKWA Households Not

P ract icing Fish Farmining, 172181,99 9%

Households P ract icing Fish Farmining, 80,

0 05%

0

25

50

75

100

Num

ber

of H

ouse

hold

s

Nkasi Mpanda SumbawangaRural

SumbawangaUrban

District

C h art 3.149 Num be r of House holds Practicing Fish Farm ing by District - RUKW A

Chart 3.150 Fish ProductionNumber of

T ilapia, 8,018, 100%

Number of Carp, 0, 0%



88

3.13. POVERTY INDICATORS

The agricultural census collected data on poverty for the purpose of providing a base for tracking progress in poverty

reduction strategies undertaken by the government.

3.13.1 Access to Infrastructure and Other Services

The results indicate that among the evaluated services, tarmac roads were a service located very far from most of the

household’s dwellings than any other service. It was located at an average distance of 185.2 kilometers from the

agricultural household’s dwellings. Other services and their respective average distances in kilometers from the dwellings

were regional capital (155.5 km), hospitals (71.6 km), tertiary markets (65.5 km), secondary schools (25.1 km), secondary

market (22.4 km), primary markets (16.3 km), health clinics (8 km), all weather roads (5 km), primary school (2.1) and

feeder road (1.1) (Table 3.15).

Table 3.17: Mean Distances from Household Dwellings to Infrastructures and Services by District

Mean Distance to

District Secondary

Schools Primary Schools

All weather

roads Feeder Roads Hospitals

Health Clinics

Regional Capital

Primary Markets

Secondary Market

Tertiary Market

Tarmac Roads

Mpanda 27.7 2.9 4.3 1.1 74.4 7.0 283.7 23.3 27.3 70.2 303.4 Sumbawanga Rural 20.9 1.7 5.6 0.9 90.3 9.7 92.4 8.4 19.1 81.4 129.1

Nkasi 36.9 1.9 6.7 1.5 48.6 6.8 109.2 22.6 24.6 42.9 145.8 Sumbawanga Urban 8.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 15.1 5.7 15.4 10.9 12.2 14.3 37.0

Total 25.1 2.1 5.0 1.1 71.6 8.0 155.5 16.3 22.4 65.5 185.2 Only 3 percent of the agricultural households reported the available infrastructures and services as ‘very good’ whereas 29

percent reported them to be average. Twenty four percent of the agricultural households said the infrastructure and services

were poor were , and 20 percent said they were ‘no good’.

3.13.2 Type of Toilets

A large number of rural agricultural households used

traditional pit latrines (159,267 households, 92.5% of all

rural agricultural households). Other types of toilets were

used as follows: flush toilets (4,395 households (2.6%),

improved pit latrines (1,376 households, 0.8%) and other

toilets facilities (34 households, 0.02%). However, 7,189

households or (4.2%) had no toilet facilities (Chart

3.151).

The distribution of the households without toilets within

the region indicated that 67.6 percent of them were found

in Sumbawanga Rural district and 20.5 percent were from

Mpanda. The percentages of households without toilets in

other districts were as follows Nkasi (6.7%) and

Sumbawanga Urban (5.2%) Map 3.62).

Chart 3.152 Percentage Distribution of Households O wning the Assets

3.00.6 0.5 0.5 0.2

13.7

37 5

41.8

0.0

15.0

30.0

45.0

Radio

Bicycle Iro

nWheel

barrow

Vehicle

Televis

ion / Vide

oMobile

phoneLand

line ph

one

Assets

Perc

ent

Chart 3.151 Agricultural Households by Type of Toilet Facility

No Toilet / Bush, 7,189,

4 2%

Improved Pit Latrine - hh

Owned, 1,376, 0 8%

Other Type, 34,

0 02%

Flush Toilet, 4,395, 2 6%

Traditional Pit Latrine,

159,267, 92 5%

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

480

1,477

371

4,861

1.6%

2.5%

7.1%

2.8%

Mpanda

Nkasi

4,000 to 5,0003,000 to 4,0002,000 to 3,0001,000 to 2,000

0 to 1,000

Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Urban

80

0

0

0

0.3%

0%

0%

0%

Mpanda

Nkasi

80 to 10060 to 8040 to 6020 to 40

0 to 20

Number of HouseholdsPracticing Fish Farming

Number and Percent of HouseholdsPracticing Fish Farming

by District

MAP 3.56 RUKWA


Without Toilets by District


Number of Households Practicing Fish FarmingPercent of Households Practicing Fish Farming

Percent of Households Without Toilets

Number of HouseholdsWithout Toilets

Number of Households Without Toilets

RESULT 89



90

3.13.3 Household’s Assets

Radios were owned by most rural agricultural households in Rukwa region with 72,043 households (41.8% of the

agriculture households in the region) owning the asset this was followed by bicycle ( 64,577 households, 37.5%), iron

(23,642 households, 13.7%), wheelbarrows (5,199 households, 3.0%), vehicles (1,070 households, 0.6%), television/video

(849 households, 0.5%), mobile phones (784 households, 0.5%) and landline phones (267 households, 0.2%) (Chart

3.152).

3.13.4 Sources of Lighting Energy

Wick lamp is the most common source of lighting energy in

the region. with 76.6 percent of the total rural households

using this source of energy followed by hurricane lamp

(16.9%), pressure lamp (3.4%), firewood (2.6%), mains

electricity (0.3%), candle (0.1%) and others (0.1%) (Chart

3.153).

3.13.5 Sources of Energy for Cooking

The most prevalent source of energy for cooking was

firewood, which was used by 96.8 percent of all rural

agricultural households in Rukwa region. This was followed

by charcoal (3.0%), crop residues (0.2%) and livestock dung

(0.02%) (Chart 3.154).

3.13.6 Roofing Materials The most common material for roofing for the main

dwelling was grass and/or leaves which used by 75.4

percent of the rural agricultural households. This was far

followed by iron sheets (18.6%), grass/mud (4.0%), asbestos (1.3%), tiles (0.6%) and concrete (0.1%) (Chart 3.155).

Proportionally, Mpanda and Nkasi districts had the highest percentage of households with grass/leaves roofing (80.5%)

each followed by Sumbawanga Rural district (71.6%). Sumbawanga Urban district had the lowest percentage (60.7%) of

households with grass/leaves as rooting material (23%) (Chart 3.156 and Map 3.63)

Chart 3.155 Percentage Distribution of Households by Type of Roofing Material

Grass/Mud4%

Grass/Leaves75% Tiles

1%

Concrete0% Asbestos

1%

Iron Sheets19%

Chart 3.156 Percentage Distribution of Households with Grassy/Leafy Roofs by District

38 036 9

18 9

6 2

0 0

18 0

36 0

SumbawangaRural

Mpanda Nkasi SumbawangaUrbanD is t ric t

Perc

ent

Chart 3.153 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Energy for Lighting

Wick Lamp, 131,944, 76.6%

Firewood, 4,542, 2.6%

Mains Electricity, 440, 0.3%

Candles, 187, 0.1%

Other, 154, 0.1%

Pressure Lamp, 5,922, 3.4%

Hurricane Lamp, 29,072, 16.9%

Chart 3.154 Percentage Distribution of Households by Main Source of Energy for Cooking

Charcoal, 5,185, 3.0%

Crop Residues, 385, 0.2%

Livestock Dung, 35,

0.02%

Firewood, 166,657,

96.8%

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

3,684

11,368

468

4,0525.9%

3.5%

12.1%

19.1%

Mpanda

Nkasi

8,000 to 12,0006,000 to 8,0004,000 to 6,0002,000 to 4,000

0 to 2,000

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

24,538

47,907

8,078

49,355

80.5%

80.5%

71.6%

60.7%

Mpanda

Nkasi

40,000 to 50,00030,000 to 40,00020,000 to 30,00010,000 to 20,000

0 to 10,000

Number of Households Using Grassor Leaves for Roofing Material

Number and Percent of HouseholdsUsing Grass/Leaves for Roofing

Material by District

MAP 3.58 RUKWA


Eating 3 Meals per Dayby District


Number of Households Using Grass or Leaves forRoofing MaterialPercent of Households Using Grass or Leaves for Roofing Material

Percent of Households Eating 3 Meals per Day

Number of HouseholdsEating 3 Meals per Day

Number of Households Eating 3 Meals per Day

RESULT 91



92

3.13.7 Access to Drinking Water The main source of drinking water for rural agricultural households in Rukwa region was protected wells which were used by 25 percent of the households during both the wet and dry seasons. This was followed by unprotected wells (24% of households during wet season and 26 percent during dry season), surface water (20% of households during the wet season) and 15% in the dry season), piped water (17% of households in the wet season and 15% during dry season) and unprotected spring water (10% of households in both the wet and dry seasons, protected/covered spring (2.4% of households in wet season and 2.5% of households in dry season. The remaining sources had below 1 percent of households in both wet and dry seasons respectively. Chart 3.157) About 55 percent of the rural agricultural households in Rukwa region obtained drinking water within a distance of less than one kilometer during wet season compared to 46 percent of the households during the dry season. However, 45 percent of the agricultural households obtained drinking water from a distance of one or more kilometers during wet compared to 54 percent of households in the dry season. The most common distance from the source of drinking water was between 1 and 2 km (Chart 3.158). 3.13.8 Food Consumption Pattern 3.13.8.1 Number of Meals per Day The majority of households in Rukwa region normally had two (2) meals per day (81.8 percent of the households in the region). This was followed by three (3) meals per day (11.4%) and one (1) meal per day (6.7 percent). Only 0.05 percent of the households had (4) meals per day (Chart 3.159).

Chart 3.158 Percentof Households by Distance to Main S ource of Water and S eason

0

10

2 0

3 0

Les s than10 0 m

10 0 - 2 9 9 m 3 0 0 - 4 9 9m

50 0 - 9 9 9m

1 - 1.9 9Km

2 - 2 .9 9Km

3 - 4 .9 9Km

5 - 9 .9 9Km

Distance

Perc

ent

We t S e a s o n Dry S e a s o n

Chart 3.159 Number of Agriculural Households by Number of Meals per Day

One Meal, 11,622, 7%

T hree Meals, 19,573,

11%Four meals, 82,

0.05%

T wo Meals, 140,983,

82%

C h art 3.157 Pe rce nt of Hou se h olds by Main S ource of Drink ing W ate r an d S e ason

0

10

20

30

P ro tectedWell

Upro tectedWell

SurfaceWater (Lake

/ Dam /River /

Stream)

P iped WateUnpro tectedSpring

P ro tected /Co vered

Spring

Unco veredRa nwater

Catchment

Co veredRainwater

Catchment

TankerTruck

Other

M a in s o u rc eWe t S e a s o n D ry S e a s o n



93

Sumbawanga Urban district had the largest percent of households eating one meal per day whilst Mpanda district had the highest percent of households eating 3 meals per day. (Table 3.16 and Map 3.64) 3.13.8.2 Meat Consumption Frequency The number of agricultural households that consumed meat during the week preceding the census was 93,105 (54.0% of the agricultural households in Rukwa region) out of which 49,584 households (53.3 % of those who consumed meat) consuming meat only once during the respective week. This was followed by those who had meat twice during the week 27,198 (29.2%). Very few households (16,323 households, 12.5%) had meat three or more times during the respective week. However, 79,156 (46.0 percent of the agricultural households in Rukwa region did not eat meat during the week preceding the census (Chart 3.160 and Map 3.65). 3.13.8.3 Fish Consumption Frequencies The number of agricultural households that consumed fish during the week preceding the census was 122,835 (71.3% of the total agricultural households in Rukwa region) of which 30,971 households (25.2% of those who consumed fish twice during the respective week. This was followed by those who had fish three times 17,793 (14.5%). In general, the percentage of households that consumed fish twice or more during the week in Rukwa region was 85,452 (69.6% of the agricultural households that ate fish in the region during the respective period). Moreover, 49,425 (28.7%) of the agricultural households in Rukwa region did not eat fish during the week preceding the census (Chart 3.160 and Map 3.66). 3.13.9 Food Security In Rukwa region, 55,848 households (32.4% of the total agricultural households in the region) said they rarely experienced problems in satisfying the household food requirement. However 11,957 (6.9%) said they sometimes experience problems, 13,212 (7.7%) often experienced problems and 8,509 (4.9%) always had problems in satisfying the household food requirement. However, 82,734 (48%) agricultural households said they did not experience any food sufficiency problems (Map 3.67). 3.13.10 Main Sources of Cash Income The main source of cash income for the households in Rukwa region was from selling food crops (48.9 percent of smallholder households), followed by businesses income (16.0%), other casual cash earnings (14.2%), fishing (5.4%), sales of forest products (4.6%) and selling of cash crops (4.2%). Only (2.5%) of smallholder households reported the cash remittances as their main source of income, this was then followed by wages and salaries in cash (2.3%), sales of livestock (1.1%), other sales (0.5%) and sales of livestock products (0.2%) (Chart 3.161).

Chart 3.18: Number of Households by Number of Meals the Household Normally Takes per Day and District

Number of meals per day District One % Two % Three % Four % Total

Mpanda 2,412 4.1 45,753 76 9 11,368 19.1 0 0 59,533 Sumbawanga Rural

5,766 8.4

59,117 85.8

4,052 5.9

0 0 68,935

Nkasi 950 3.1 25,767 84 5 3,684 12.1 82 0.3 30,483 Sumbawanga Urban

2,495 18.7

10,346 77.7

468 3.5

0 0.0 13,309

Total 11,622 6.7 140,983 81 8 19,573 11.4 82 0.05 172,261

Chart 3.160 Number of Households by Frequency of Meat and Fish Cosumption

0

15,000

30,000

45,000

60,000

Once T wice T hreeT imes

FourT imes

FiveT imes

SixT imes

SevenT imes

Fre que ncy

Num

ber

of H

ouse

hold

s

Meat Fish

C h art 3.161: Pe rce n tage Distribu tion of the Nu m be r of House h olds by Main S ource of In com e

Other0%

Livestock1%

Livestock P roducts0%

Cash Remit tance3%

Forest P roducts5%

Cash Crops4%

Wages & Salaries2%

not applicable0%

Food Crops50%

Fishing5%

Other Casual Cash Earnings

14%

Business Income16%

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

13,023

3,645

13,719

6,996

21.9%

27.4%

19.9%

23%

Mpanda

Nkasi

12,000 to 15,0009,000 to 12,0006,000 to 9,0003,000 to 6,000

0 to 3,000

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

4,117

7,828

5.9%

3.5%

12.1%

19.1%

Mpanda

Nkasi

16,000 to 20,00012,000 to 16,000

8,000 to 12,0004,000 to 8,000

0 to 4,000

Number of Households EatingMeat Once per Week

Number and Percent of HouseholdsEating Meat Once per

Week by District

MAP 3.60 RUKWA


Eating Fish Once per Weekby District


Number of Households Eating Meat Once per WeekPercent of Households Eating Meat Once per Week

Percent of Households Eating Fish Once per Week

Number of Households EatingFish Once per Week

Number of Households Eating Fish Once per Week

RESULT 94

Mpanda

Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Rural

7,821

32,599

14,873

31,88348.2%

56.6%

55.6%

53.5%

Nkasi

40,000 to 50,00030,000 to 40,00020,000 to 30,00010,000 to 20,000

0 to 10,000

Number of HouseholdsReporting Food Insufficiency

Number and Percent of HouseholdsReporting Food Insufficiency

by District

MAP 3.62 RUKWA


Number of Households Reporting Food InsufficiencyPercent of Households Reporting Food Insufficiency

RESULT 95



96

RUKWA PROFILES

This section presents the status of crops and livestock production, access to natural resources and services, demography

and poverty for both the region as a whole and for each district.

4.1 Rukwa

Rukwa has over 340,000 hectares of land under crops and is dominated by annual cropping. It has one a moderate to high

available land area per crop growing household and the smallest percent utilized. Of the 3.0 ha per crop growing

household land available only 2 ha was utilized. The number of crop growing households is moderate to low. The region

has no short rainy season.

Rukwa has a moderate planted area of cereals the majority of which is maize, however it is the fifth most important region

in terms of the quantity produced. Beans and groundnuts are planted in moderate amounts and the region is the fourth most

important in terms of quantity produced. Paddy is produced in moderate to small amounts compared to other regions and a

small amount of sorghum is also produced. Cassava is produced in moderate to low amounts. Rukwa is not important for

vegetable production; however a small amount of tobacco is grown. Rukwa has the smallest percentage of the total planted

area of permanent crops in the country.

The area under irrigation in Rukwa is moderate to low compared to other regions and the number of households with

irrigation has not changed for 10 years. For the small number of households with irrigation, the source of irrigation water

is mostly from rivers, the method of obtaining water is largely by gravity and application of the irrigation water is mostly

by flood. More than half of the land cultivation is done by oxen and the region is one of the few regions using non manual

cultivation methods. Fertilizer application is almost non existent and little pesticides are used.

Rukwa stores a relatively large amount of maize mostly in sacks/open drums. A high percent of households in the region

sells crops. Most processing is by neighbours machine and it also has one of the highest percentages of processing done by

traders. Few households sell their processed crops, mostly to neighbours. Rukwa receives the second least amount of

extension services per household.

The region has a small number of planted trees by smallholder households, and most of these are eucalyptus. It has a

moderate number of households with erosion control/water harvesting facilities and most of them are for erosion control.

4.2.1 Mpanda

Mpanda district has a comparative large number of households in the region and it has one of the highest percent of

households involved in smallholder agriculture in the region. Most smallholders are involved in crop farming only,

followed by crop and livestock farming. It has no livestock only households or pastoralists.

The most important livelihood activity for smallholder households in Mpanda district is Annual Crop Farming, followed

by tree/forest resources, off-farm income, livestock keeping, Permanent crops, remittances and fishing/hunting and

gathering. However, the district has the lowest percent of households with no off-farm activities and the lowest percent of

households with more than one member with off-farm income. Compared to other districts in the region, Mpanda has a

relatively high percent of female headed households (49%) and it has the highest average ages of the household head.

With an average household size of 6 members per household it is slightly above the average for the region. Mpanda has a



97

comparatively low literacy rate among smallholder households and this is reflected by the concomitant relatively low level

of school attendance in the region. The literacy rates for the heads of household is also slightly lower than most of districts

in the region.

It has the smallest utilized land area per household (2.0 ha) and the allocated area is not fully utilized indicating that there

is -low level of land pressure. The total planted area is greater than in other districts in the region due to the presence of

good wet and dry seasons, however it has the second lowest planted area per household (1.5ha) attributed to the high

number of smallholders in the district.

The district is moderately important for maize production in the region with a planted area of over 43,000 ha, however the

planted area per household is the lowest in the region. Paddy production is not important as it was not grown in the district

and the production of sorghum is very small. Mpanda is the only district in the region which did not grow wheat. Cassava

production though small but it is higher accounting for 39 percent of the quantity harvested in the region. Mpanda is the

only district in the region that did not grow Irish potatoes. The production of beans in Mpanda is the second highest in the

region with a planted area of 10,255 ha. Oilseed crops are important in Mpanda and groundnuts were grown in the district.

Vegetable production is important in the district. It has the second largest planted area with tomatoes but lowest in

cabbage production, chilies were not grown in the district, it accounts for 27 percent of the tomato production, 8 percent of

the cabbage production. Traditional cash crops (e.g. tobacco and cotton) are grown in very small quantities.

Compared to other districts in the region, Mpanda has a moderate planted area with permanent crops which is dominated

by Lime/lemon (3,866 ha), banana (694 ha) and mangoes (392 ha). Other permanent crops are either not grown or are

grown in very small quantities.

As with other districts in the region, most land clearing and preparation is done by hand, however very slightly more land

preparation is done by oxen compared to most other districts.

The use of inputs in the region is very small, however district differences exist. Mpanda has the second largest planted area

with improved seed in Rukwa region and this is due to the higher planted area of vegetables. The district has moderate to

low planted area with fertilizers (Farm yard manure, compost and inorganic fertilizer), however most of this is inorganic

manure. Compared to other districts in the region, Mpanda district has a lowest level of insecticide use. The use of

fungicides, although small, was the highest compared to other districts. Virtually no herbicide was used. It has the smallest

area with irrigation compared to other districts with 1,138 hectares of irrigated land. The most common source of water for

irrigation is from rivers using hand buckets. Bucket and flood and are the most common means of irrigation water

application and a very small amount of water hose irrigation is used. No sprinkler used for irrigation.

The most common method of crop storage is in sacks/open drums; however the proportion of households not storing crops

in the district is lower than other districts in the region. The district has the largest number of households not selling crops,

however for those who did not sell, the main reason for not selling is insufficient production. The lowest percent of

households processing crops in Rukwa region is found in Mpanda district and is almost all done by using by neighbours

Machines. The district also has a higher percent of households selling processed crops to neighbours than other districts

and no sales are neither to market co-operatives, farmer’s associations nor large scale farms. Although very small, access



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to credit in the district is to both men and women and the main sources are co-operatives, traders/trade stores, and family

friends and relatives.

A comparatively larger number of households receive extension services in Mpanda and all of this is from the government.

The quality of extension services was rated between good and average by the majority of the households.

Tree farming is not important in Mpanda district by having planted 2,251 trees only and is mostly senna spp with some

eucalyptus and gravellis. The highest proportion of households with erosion control and water harvesting structures is

found in Mpanda district and is mostly erosion control bunds however it also has the highest number of water harvesting

bunds than other districts.

The district has the third largest number of cattle in the region and they are almost all indigenous. Goat production is the

highest when compared to other districts; also, it has the largest population of sheep in the region. It has the second

smallest number of pigs in the region but highest number of chickens. Mpanda is the only district in the region which did

not have layers. Big number of ducks but small number of rabbits and donkeys both are found in the district. The largest

number of households reporting Tsetse and tick problems was in Mpanda district and it had the largest number of

households de-worming livestock. The use of draft animals in the district is very small. There was no any household in the

district who did practice fish farming.

It has amongst the worst access to secondary schools, primary schools, health clinics and primary and secondary markets

compared to other districts. However, it has one of the worst access to all weather roads and regional capital.

Mpanda district has the second lowest percent of households with no toilet facilities and it has the highest percent of

households owning bicycles, vehicles and tv/video and mobile phones. It has the second lowest number of households

using mains electricity in the region. The most common source of energy for lighting is the wick lamp and practically all

households use firewood for cooking. The district has one of the largest percent of households with grass roofs with 16.4

percent of households having iron sheets. The most common source of drinking water is from protected wells. It has the

lowest percent of households having two and second lowest district with households having one meal per day compared to

other districts and the highest percent with 3 meals per day. The district had the lowest percent of households that did not

eat meat but highest number of households that did not eat fish during the week prior to enumeration; however most

households seldom had problems with food satisfaction.

4.2.2 Sumbawanga Rural

Sumbawanga Rural district has the largest number of households in the region and it has a high percentage of households

involved in smallholder agriculture. Most smallholders are involved in crop farming only, followed by crop and livestock

farming. It has a very large number of livestock only households and no pastoralists were found in the district.

The most important livelihood activity for smallholder households in Sumbawanga Rural district is Annual Crop Farming,

followed by tree/forest resources. The district has the fourth highest percent of households with no off-farm activities

although it has the fourth highest percent of households with more than one member with off-farm income. Compared to

other districts in the region, Sumbawanga Rural has a relatively high percent of female headed households (23%) and it has



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one of the lowest average age of the household head in the region. With a household size of 5 members per household it is

average for the region. Sumbawanga Rural has a comparatively high literacy rate among smallholder households and this

is reflected by the district having the highest level of school attendance in the region.

It has a highest utilized land area per household (2.7 ha) and 79.1 percent of the allocated area is currently being utilized.

The district has the largest planted area in the region and the largest planted area per household (0.8ha in the wet season.

The district is very important for maize production in the region with a planted area of over 65,900 ha, and the planted area

per maize growing household is also moderate for the region. The district has the second largest planted area of paddy in

the region with 11,605 hectares. Sorghum is also grown in the district. Cassava production is moderate to high,

accounting for 25.2 percent of the quantity harvested in the region. The district has a very small planted area of Irish

potatoes (49 ha). The production of beans in Sumbawanga Rural district is higher with a planted area of 17,142 ha.

Sumbawanga Rural district has the second largest groundnut planted area in Rukwa region with a planted area per

groundnut growing household of 0.27 ha. Vegetable production is moderately important in the district. Although small, it

has the largest planted area with tomatoes and cabbage and chilies (245 ha and 60 ha respectively). A traditional cash crop

(e.g. tobacco) was grown in very small quantities. No cultivation of cotton in the district

Compared to other districts in the region, Sumbawanga Rural has the largest planted area with permanent crops which is

dominated by sugarcane (1,356 ha), banana (758 ha) and Mango (155 ha).

As with other districts in the region, most land clearing is done by hand slashing; however there is a substantial area with

no land clearing indicating bare ground before planting. Practically all Land preparation is done by hand, however a very

small amount of land preparation is done by tractor.

The use of inputs in the region is very small, however district differences exist. Sumbawanga Rural has the largest planted

area with improved seed in the region as well as the highest proportion of households using improved seeds. Though

small, the district has the second highest planted area with fertilizers (Farm yard manure, compost and inorganic fertilizer),

and most of this is with farm yard manure. Compared to other districts in the region, Sumbawanga Rural district has a

moderate level of insecticide use. The use of fungicides and herbicides is low. It has the largest area with irrigation

compared to other districts with 9,983 ha of irrigated land. The most common source of water for irrigation is from rivers

using gravity methods. Flood is the most common means of irrigation water application followed by bucket/watering can

and a very small amount of water hose is used.

The most common method of crop storage in Sumbawanga Rural district is in sacks/open drums, however the proportion of

households not storing crops is slightly above for the region. Sumbawanga Rural has the highest number of households

selling crops, however for those who did not sell, the main reason for not selling is insufficient production. Sumbawanga

Rural is among the districts with the lowest percent of households processing crops in Rukwa region and is almost all done

by neighbours machine. The district also has the second highest percent of households selling processed crops to

neighbours as well as to traders at farm than other districts and no sales is to marketing co-operatives or large scale farms.

Access to credit in the district though small but it was second in the region.



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A comparatively larger number of households receive extension services in Sumbawanga Rural district and all of this is

from the government. The quality of extension services was rated between good and average by the majority of the

households.

Tree farming is relative important in Sumbawanga Rural (with 3,551 planted trees) and is mostly Eucalyptus, jacaranda

and senna spp. The highest proportion of households with erosion control and water harvesting structures is found in

Sumbawanga Rural district and is mostly erosion control bunds and water harvesting bunds, however it also has the a

number of drainage ditches, tree belts dams terraces and vetiver grasses.

The district has the largest number of cattle in the region and they are almost all indigenous. Goat production is moderate

compared to other districts; however it has the second largest population of sheep in the region. It has the largest number of

pigs in the region and a moderate number of chickens. Some ducks, rabbits and donkeys are also found in the district. A

number of households reported tsetse and tick problems and it has the second largest number of households de-worming

livestock. A small number of households use draft animals, however it is the highest in the region. No any households in

the district who did practice fish farming.

It has amongst the best access to feeder roads, primary schools, all weather roads, primary markets and health clinics

compared to other districts. However, it has one of the worst accesses to tarmac roads.

The percentage of households without toilet facility in Sumbawanga Rural district is comparatively low. It is amongst the

districts with the highest percent of households owning wheel barrows, vehicles, bicycles, tv/video and mobile phones. It

has the largest number of households using mains electricity in the region. The most common source of energy for lighting

is the wick lamp and practically all households use firewood for cooking. The roofing material for most of the households

in the district is grass/leaves (72%), however it has the second highest percent of households with iron sheet roofing (19%)

compared to most other districts. The most common source of drinking water is from unprotected springs. It is one of the

districts with the moderate percent of households having three meals per day. The district had one of the lowest percent of

households that did not eat meat or fish during the week prior to enumeration and most households seldom had problems

with food satisfaction.

4.2.3 Nkasi

Nkasi district has the third largest number of households in the region and it has moderate to higher percent of households

involved in smallholder agriculture in the region. Most smallholders are involved in crop farming only, followed by crop

and livestock farming. It one of the districts with very small number of livestock only households and no pastoralists were

found in the district.

The most important livelihood activity for smallholder households in Njkasi district is Annual Crop Farming, followed by

tree/forest resources, off-farm income, livestock keeping, fishing/hunting/gathering, remittances and permanent crops.

However, the district has the highest percent of households with no off-farm activities and the second lowest percent of

households with more than one member with off-farm income. Compared to other districts in the region, Nkasi a relatively

high percent of female headed households (13%) and it has one of the highest averages of the household head in the region.

With an average household size of 5 members per household it is the average for the region. Nkasi has a comparatively



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high literacy rate among smallholder households and this is reflected by the concomitant relatively high level of school

attendance in the region.

The land area utilized per household (2.4 ha) is above the average for the region which is estimated at 2.0 hectares.75

percent of the allocated area is currently being utilized which is moderate to high for the region.

Sumbawanga Rural and Nkasi utilizing 2.7 and 2.5 ha per household respectively. The smallest land area utilised per

household was found in Mpanda and Sumbawanga Urban with (2.0 ha) each. The percentage utilized of the usable land per

household was highest in Sumbawanga Urban (86.2%) and lowest in Mpanda (63.2%). Seventy three percent of the total

land available to smallholders was utilised. Only 27 percent of usable land available to smallholders was not

The district is moderately important for maize production in the region with a planted area of over 28,000 ha and the

planted area per household is 1.03 ha which is slightly above of average for the region. Paddy production is not important

with a planted area of only 1,416 hectares; however it is the third highest in the region. Sorghum, Irish potatoes and wheat

are all produced in the district. The district has the second largest planted area of cassava accounting for 27 percent of the

cassava planted area in the region. The production of beans in Nkasi is second lower in the region with a planted area of

6,810ha. Oilseed crops are relative important in Nkasi with 8.1 percent of the groundnuts grown in the district. Vegetable

production is not important and tobacco was grown in the district.

Permanent crops are very important in Nkasi district (24.6% of the total permanent crop planted area in Rukwa region )

and are more important than any other district in the region. The most prominent permanent crops in the district include

mangoes (2,020 ha), sugarcane (74 ha), bananas (66 ha) and coconuts (16 ha). It has one of the lowest area with oranges

in the region (4 ha). Other permanent crops are either not grown or are grown in very small quantities.

As with other districts in the region, most land clearing is done by hand slashing, however it has the largest area cleared by

burning and a relatively small area of bare ground before planting. Practically all Land preparation is done by hand,

however a very small amount of land preparation is done by oxen and tractor.

The use of inputs in the region is very small, however district differences exist. Muheza has the smallest planted area with

improved seed in Rukwa region and this is due to the dominance of permanent crops which do not need frequent planting.

The district also has a small planted area with fertilizers (Farm yard manure, compost and inorganic fertilizer), and

practically all is with farm yard manure. Compared to other districts in the region, Muheza district has the smallest area of

insecticide and fungicide use and the use of herbicides is relatively small. It has one the smallest area with irrigation in the

region with 1,146 ha of irrigated land. The most common source of water for irrigation is from rivers and wells and almost

all water application is by using flood and hand buckets.

The most common method of crop storage is in Nkasi is by using sacks or open drums and locally made traditional cribs,

and the proportion of households not storing crops in the district is moderate to low for the region. The district has the

third highest percent of households selling crops, however for those who did not sell, the main reason for not selling is

insufficient production. Nkasi district has a high percent of households processing crops in the region and is almost all

done by neighbour machines; however, there was no any household in the district who did process crops by trader. Small

quantities of processed crops are sold and very few households have access to credit.



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A moderate number of households receive extension services in Nkasi district and almost all of this is from the

government. The quality of extension services was rated between good and average by the majority of the households.

Tree farming is not important in Nkasi district (with 3,148 planted trees) and is mostly Eucalyptus spp with some Senna

Spp and Jacaranda Spp. The lowest proportion of households with water harvesting bunds is found in Nkasi district and it

also has the third highest number of erosion control bunds.

The district has a moderate number of cattle in the region and they are almost all indigenous. Goat and sheep production is

moderate compared to other districts. It has the second largest number of pigs in the region and the second lowest number

of chickens, all of which are indigenous. Virtually no broilers chicken was found in the district. The district has one of the

smallest number of ducks, and a small number of rabbits and turkeys are found in the district. A moderate number of

households reported tsetse and problems in Nkasi district. A relative small amount of de-worming of livestock is practiced

in the district. Draft animals are used in the district. Fish farming is practiced by a small number of households; however it

is the only district which did practice fish farming in the region.

It has amongst the best access to feeder roads, all weather roads, and health clinics compared to other districts. However, it

has one of the worst accesses to tarmac roads and the regional capital.

The percentage of households without toilet facility in Nkasi district is below the average for the region; however it has the

lowest percent of households with no toilet facilities. It has the lowest percent of households owning vehicles and second

highest owing tvs/video but NO land line phones. It has the second highest number of households using mains electricity

in the region and the most common source of energy for lighting is the wick lamp and practically all households use

firewood for cooking. The district has one of the highest percent of households with grass roofs (81%) and only 16 percent

of households have iron sheet roofing. The most common source of drinking water is from unprotected wells. Forty four

percent of the households in the district reported having one or two meals per day and virtually 82 household reported

having more than three meals per day. The district had a moderate percent of households that did not eat meat or fish

during the week prior to enumeration and most households seldom had problems with food satisfaction.

4.2.4 Sumbawanga Urban

Sumbawanga Urban district has an average number of households for the region and it has the smallest percent of

households involved in smallholder agriculture in the region. Most smallholders are involved in crop farming only,

followed by crop and livestock farming. It has a very small number of livestock only households and no pastoralists were

found in the district.

The most important livelihood activity for smallholder households in Sumbawanga Urban district is annual crop farming

followed by trees/forest resources. It has the second highest percent of households with no off-farm activities and the

highest percent of households with more than one member with off-farm income. Compared to other districts in the

region, Sumbawanga Urban district has a relatively high percent of female headed households (13%) and it has one of the

highest average ages of the household head. With an average household size of 5.4 members per household it is average

for the region. Sumbawanga Urban district has a comparatively high literacy rate among smallholder households and this

is reflected by the concomitant relatively high level of school attendance in the region.



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It has the second smallest utilized land area per household (2.0 ha) and only 86.2 percent of the allocated land area is

utilized. The total planted area is the smallest in the region however it has the second lowest planted area per household

(0.61ha in the wet season.

Sumbawanga Urban district is not important for maize production in the region with a planted area of only 12,341 ha, and

the planted area per household is among the lowest in the region. Paddy production is also not important as there was no

any cultivation of paddy in the district hectares and the production of sorghum is small.

Cassava and bean production in Rukwa district was small and Irish potato and wheat are also grown. Oilseed crops and

vegetables are not important in the district however, whist the district has one of the smallest planted area with tomatoes it

is the first in terms of tomato planted area per household. Traditional cash crops (e.g. tobacco and cotton) are not grown in

the district.

Compared to other districts in the region, Sumbawanga Urban district has the smallest planted area with permanent crops

(5.7% of total permanent crop planted area) which is dominated by sugarcane (346 ha), banana (272ha), A small area of

orange and coconut are grown. Apart from a minor amount of coffee, lime/lemon and guavas no other permanent crop is

grown.

As with other districts in the region, most land clearing and preparation is done by hand, however the smallest land

preparation done by oxen is found in the district.

As with other districts in the region, land clearing by hand slashing is predominant and practically all land preparation is by

hand.

The use of inputs in the region is very small, however district differences exist. Sumbawanga Urban district has the

smallest planted area with improved seed; however it has the lowest planted area per household in the region. The district

also has the second smallest percent of planted area with fertilizers (Farm yard manure, compost and inorganic fertilizer),

and most of this is with farm yard manure. Compared to other districts in the region, Sumbawanga Urban district has the

second highest area planted with insecticide but has the lowest percent of the total planted area in the region. The percent

of planted area with fungicides is amongst the highest in the region and is the lowest for herbicides. It has one of the

largest areas of irrigation 2,830 ha. The most common source of water for irrigation is from rivers using gravity. Floods

and watering cans are the most common means of irrigation water application.

The most common method of crop storage is in sacks/open drums; however the proportion of households not storing crops

in Sumbawanga Urban district is one of the highest in the region. The number of households selling crops in the district is

also among the biggest in the region, however for those who did not sell, the main reason for not selling is insufficient

production. The second biggest percent of households processing crops in the region is found in Sumbawanga Urban

district and processing is mostly done by neighbours machine. The district has the smallest number of households

processing crops on farm by machine. It also has the lowest number of households processing crops on farm by hand. Most

households that sell crops sell to farmers association, traders on farm and large scale farms, but, no sales on local

market/trade stores, secondary market nor marketing co-operatives. Access to credit in the district is very small.



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A very small number of households receive extension services in Sumbawanga Urban district and almost all of this is from

the government. The quality of extension services was rated between good and average by the majority of the households.

Tree farming though small but it is important in Sumbawanga Urban district (with 34,199 planted trees) and almost all of

them are Eucalyptus Spp. The largest proportion of households in Sumbawanga Urban district use terraces for erosion

control.

Sumbawanga Urban district has the smallest number of cattle in the region and most of them are indigenous. It is one of the

districts with the least number of goats in the region, however the district has the highest density (87 head per km2) Rukwa

is also one of the districts with the smallest number of sheep, pigs and chicken, however it has the largest number of

improved chickens (layers) in the region, broilers are not raised in the district. Small numbers of ducks, rabbits, turkeys

and donkeys are also found in the district. A moderate number of households reported Tsetse and tick problems in

Sumbawanga Urban district and it had one of the smallest numbers of households de-worming livestock. The use of draft

animals in the district is very small and very few households practice fish farming.

It is amongst the districts with the best access to secondary schools, primary schools, feeder roads, all weather roads, health

clinics, hospitals, regional capital, tarmac roads and tertiary markets compared to other districts. However, it has the worst

access to primary and secondary markets.

Sumbawanga Urban district has though small number of households with no toilet facilities but it is the second highest in

the region. The district has the highest percent of households owning wheel barrows, vehicles and television/video, land

line and mobile phones and it has the second highest percent of households with radio, bicycles and irons. It has one of the

smallest numbers of households using mains electricity in the region. The most common source of energy for lighting is

the wick lamp and practically all households use firewood for cooking. The district has the lowest percent of households

with grass roofs with 33 percent of households having iron sheets. The most common source of drinking water is piped

water and it has the highest percent of households having one meal per day and third with households having two meals per

day compared to other districts and the fourth lowest percent with 3 meals per day. The district had the second highest

percent of households that did not eat meat during the week prior to enumeration but has the second lowest percent of

households that did not eat fish. Most households seldom had problems with food satisfaction.

APPENDIX II 105

4. APPENDICES APPENDIX I TABULATION LIST ................................................................................................................... 106 APPENDIX II TABLES.......................................................................................................................................... 123 APPENDIX III QUESTIONNAIRES.................................................................................................................... 267

APPENDIX II 106

NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS ...............................................................123 2.1 Number of Agricultural Households by type of household and District, the 2002/03

Agriculture Year..............................................................................................................124 2.2 Number of Agriculture Households By Type of Holding and District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................124 HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS ............................................................................................125 3.0: Number of Agricultural Households and Average Household Size By Sex of the Head of

Household and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year........................................................126 3.1 The Livelihood Activities/Source of Income of the Households Ranked in Order of

Importance by District.....................................................................................................126 3.2 Number of Agricultural Household Members By Sex and Age Group, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................127 3.3 Number of Agricultural Household Members By Sex and Age Group, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................127 3.4 Number of Agricultural Household Members By Sex and District, 2002/03 Agricultural

Year .................................................................................................................................128 3.5 Number of Agriculture Household Members 5 years and above Who Can Read and

Write Languages By Type of Language and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year..........128 3.6 Number of Agricultural Household Members 5 years and above By School Attendancy

and District , 2002/03 Agricultural Year .........................................................................128 3.7 Number of Agricultural Household Members By Main Activity and District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................128 cont…. Number of Agricultural Household Members By Main Activity and District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................129 3.8 Number of Agricultural Household Members By Level of involvement in Farming

Activivty and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year..........................................................129 3.9 Number of Agricultural Household Members By Level of Formal Education Completion

and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ..........................................................................130 RANK OF IMPORTANCE OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES.............................................131 3.1a First Most Importance .....................................................................................................132 3.1b Second Most Importance.................................................................................................132 3.1c Third Most Importance....................................................................................................132

APPENDIX II 107

3.1d Fourth Most Importance..................................................................................................132 3.1e: Fifth Most Importance.....................................................................................................133 3.1f: Sixth Most Importance ....................................................................................................133 3.1g Seventh Most Importance................................................................................................133 LAND ACCESS/OWNERSHIP ................................................................................................135 4.1 Number of Agricultural Households By Type of Land Ownership/Tenure and District,

2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................136 4.2 Area of Land by type of Ownership/Tenure (Hectare) and District, 2002/03 Agricultural

Year .................................................................................................................................136 LAND USE..................................................................................................................................137 5.1 Number of Agricultural Households By Type of Land Use and District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................138 5.2 Area of Land (ha) by type of Land Use and District for 2002/03 Agricultural Year ......138 5.3: Number of Agricultural Households by Whether All Land Available to the Household

Was Used and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year.........................................................139 5.4 Number of Agricultural Households by Whether they Consider Having Sufficient Land

for the Household and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ...........................................139 5.4: Number of Agricultural Households by Whether they Consider Having Sufficient Land

for the Household and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ...........................................139 ANNUAL CROP AND VEGE PRODUCTION ....................................................................141 7.1 & 7.2a Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area (ha) by season and District 142 7.1 & 7.2b Number of Crop Growing Households Planting Crops By Season and District ........142 7.1 & 7.2c Area Planted (ha) and Quantity Harvested by Season and Crop for the 2002/03

Agricultural Year ......................................................................................................143 7.1 & 7.2d: Area Planted (ha) and Quantity Harvested by Season and Crop for the 2002/03

Agricultural Year ......................................................................................................144 7.1 & 7.2h Number of Agriculture Households and Planted Area By Insecticide Use and District

for the 2002/03 agricultural year - Wet & Dry Seasons- Rukwa region...................145 7.1 & 7.2e Total number of agriculture Households and Planted Area (ha) By Means of Soil

Preparation and District - Wet & Dry Seasons- Rukwa Region. ..............................145

APPENDIX II 108

7.1 & 7.2f Total number of agriculture Households and Planted Area (ha) By Fertiliser Use and

District for 2002/03 agricultural year Wet & Dry season - Rukwa Region.............146 7.1 & 7.2g Total number of agriculture Households and Planted Area (ha) By Irrigation Use and

District for 2002/03 agricultural year Wet & Dry season - Rukwa Region............146 7.1 $ 7.2j: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Fungicide Use and

District During 2002/03 Crop Year WET SEASON ................................................147 7.1&7.2k: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Improved Seed Use

and DistrictDuring 2002/03 Crop Year - WET & DRY SEASONS ........................147 7.1a Number of Households and Planted Area (ha) By Means Used for Soil Preparation

and District During 2002/03 Crop Year-DRY SEASON, Rukwa Region ......................148 7.1b Total number of agriculture Households and Planted Area (ha) By Fertiliser Use

and District - DRY SEASON,Rukwa Region. ................................................................148 7.1c Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Irrigation Use and

Distric, DRY SEASON, Rukwa Region. ........................................................................148 7.1d Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Pesticide Use and

District, DRY SEASON, Rukwa Region. .......................................................................149 7.1e Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Herbicide Use and

District, DRY SEASON, Ruwa Region ..........................................................................149 7.1f Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Fungicide Use and

District DRY SEASON, Rukwa Region. .......................................................................150 7.1g Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Improved Seed Use and

District, DRY SEASON ..................................................................................................150 7.2a Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area (ha) By Means Used for Soil

Preparation and District, WET SEASON, Rukwa Region..............................................151 7.2b Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Fertilizer Use and

District WET SEASON, Rukwa Region ........................................................................151 7.2c Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Irrigation Use and

District During WET SEASON ......................................................................................151 7.2d Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Insecticide Use and

District WET SEASON, Rukwa Region .........................................................................152 7.2e Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Herbicide Use and

District WET SEASON, Rukwa Region. ........................................................................152 7.2j Number of Crop Producing Households Reporting Selling Agricultural Products by

District, 2002/03..............................................................................................................152

APPENDIX II 109

7.2f Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Fungicide Use and District

2002/03 WET SEASON, Rukwa Region........................................................................153 7.2g Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Improved Seed Use and

District, WET SEASON, Rukwa Region .......................................................................153 7.2h Planted Area and Number of Crop Growing Households in WET SEASON During

2002/03 Crop Year By Method of Land Clearing By Crops 2002/03 Agricultural Year154 7.2.1 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Maize Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................155 7.2.2 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Paddy Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................157 7.2.3 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Sorghum Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................157 7.2.4 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Finger millet Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................157 7.2.5 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Bulrush Millet

Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................158 7.2.6 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Wheat Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................158 7.2.7 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Cassava Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................158 7.2.8 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Sweet Potatoes

Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................158 7.2.9 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) andIrish Potatoes

Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................159 7.2.10 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Yams Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................159 7.2.11 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Coco Yams Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................159 7.2.12 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Beans Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................159 7.2.13 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Cowpeas Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................160 7.2.14 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Green Gram

Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................160

APPENDIX II 110

7.2.15 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Bambaranuts

Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................160 7.2.16 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Field Peas Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................160 7.2.17 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Sunflower Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................161 7.2.18 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Simsim Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................161 7.2.19 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Simsim Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................161 7.2.20 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Soya Beans Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................161 7.2.21 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Onions Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................162 7.2.22 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Cabbage Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................162 7.2.23 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Tomatoes Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................162 7.2.24 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Spinach Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................162 7.2.25 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Carrot Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................163 7.2.26 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Amaranthas

Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................163 7.2.27 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Pumpkins

Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................163 7.2.28 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Cotton Harevsted

(tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year. ...............................................163 7.2.29 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Tobacco

Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................164 PERMANENT CROPS .................................................................................................................165 7.3 Production of Permanent Crops by Crop Type and District, Rukwa Region..................166

APPENDIX II 111

AGROPROCESSING ...................................................................................................................171 8.0a Number of Crop Growing Households reported to have Processed Farm Products

by District, 2002/03 agricultural year..............................................................................172 8.0b Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products

Produced During 2002/03 Agriculture Year By Method of Processing and District ......172 8.1.1 Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products

Produced During 2003/04 By Location of Processing and Crop ....................................173 8.1.1a Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products

Produced During 2003/04 By Location of Processing and Crop ....................................174 8.1.1 Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products

Produced During 2003/04 Agricultural Year By Use of Product and Crop ....................175 8.1.1c Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products

Produced During 2003/04 Agricultural Year By Location of Sale of Product and Crop176 8.1.1d Number of Crop Growing Households By Main Product During 2002/03 Agriculture

Year and District .............................................................................................................178 8.1.1e Number of Crop Growing Households By Use of Primary Processed Product During

2002/03 Agriculture Year and District, Rukwa Region. .................................................178 8.1.1f Number of Crop Growing Households By Where Product Sold During 2002/03

Agriculture Year and District ..........................................................................................179 8.1.1g Number of Crop Growing Households By By-Product During 2002/03 Agriculture

Year and District, Rukwa Region....................................................................................179 MARKETING ...........................................................................................................................................181 10.1 Number of Crop Producing Households Reported to have Sold Agricultural Produce by

District During 2002/03, Rukwa Region.........................................................................182 10.2 Number of Crop Producing Households Reporting Not Selling Agricultural Products

During 2003/04 By Reason for Not Selling Crops By District ......................................182 10.3 Proportion of Households who Reported Not Selling Their Crops by District During

2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region.....................................................................182 IRRIGATION/EROSION CONTROL ...................................................................................................183 11.1: Number and Percent of Households Reporting Use of Irrigation During 2002/03

Agriculture Year By District ...........................................................................................184 11.2: Area (ha)of Irrigated and Non Irriga (ha) Land By District ............................................184

APPENDIX II 112

11.3: Number of Households Using Irrigation By Source of Irrigation Water During 2003/04 Agricultural Year By District................................................................184

11.4: Number of Households Using Irrigation By Method of Irrigation of Obtaining

Water By District.............................................................................................................184 11.5 Number of Households Using Irrigation By Method of Irrigation Application By

District .............................................................................................................................185 11.6: Number of Households With Erosion Control/Water Harvesting Facilities on their

Land By District ..............................................................................................................185 11.7 Number of Erosion Control Harvesting Structures By Type and District.......................185 ACCESS TO FARM INPUTS .................................................................................................................187 12.1.1 Number of Agricultural Households Using Chemical Fertilizer by District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................188 12.1.2 Number of Agricultural Households Using Farm Yard Manure by District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................188 12.1.3 Number of Agricultural Households Using COMPOST Manure by District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................188 12.1.4 Number of Agricultural Households Using Pesticides/Fungicides by District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................189 12.1.5 Number of Agricultural Households Using Herbicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural

Year .................................................................................................................................189 12.1.6 Number of Agricultural Households using Improved Seeds by District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................189 12.1.7 Number of Agricultural Households and Source of Chemical Fertilizer by District,

2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................190 12.1.8 Number of Agricultural Households and Source of Farm Yard Manure by District,

2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................190 12.1.9 Number of Agricultural Households and Source of COMPOST Manure by District,

2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................190 12.1.10 Number of Agricultural Households and Source of Insecticide/Fungicides by District,

2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................191 12.1.11 Number of Agricultural Households and Source of Herbicides by District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................191 12.1.12 Number of Agricultural Households Source of Improved Seeds by District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................191

APPENDIX II 113

12.1.13 Number of Agricultural Households and Distance to Source of Chemical Fertilizer

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................192 12.1.14 Number of Agricultural Households and Distance to Source of Farm Yard Manure

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................192 12.1.15 Number of Agricultural Households and Distance to Source of COMPOST Manure

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................193 12.1.18 Number of Agricultural Households and Distance to Source of Improved Seeds by

District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year.................................................................................193 12.1.16 Number of Agricultural Households and Distance to Source of Insecticides/Fungicides

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................193 12.1.25 Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using Chemical Fertilizer

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................194 12.1.26 Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using Farm Yard Manure

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................194 12.1.27 Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using COMPOST

Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ..............................................................194 12.1.28 Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using Pesticides/Fungicides

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................195 12.1.29 Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using Herbicides

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................195 12.1.30 Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using Improved

Seeds by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year .................................................................195 12.1.31 Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of Chemical Fertilizer

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................196 12.1.32 Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of Farm Yard Manure

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................196 12.1.33 Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of COMPOST Manure

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................196 12.1.34 Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of Pesticides/Fungicides by District,

2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................197 12.1.35 Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of Herbicides by District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................197 12.1.36 Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of Improved Seeds by

District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year.................................................................................197

APPENDIX II 114

12.1.37 Number of Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year Chemical

Fertilizer by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ...........................................................197 12.1.38 Number of Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year Farm Yard

Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ..............................................................198 12.1.39 Number of Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year COMPOST

Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ..............................................................198 12.1.40 Number of Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year Pesticides

/Fungicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ........................................................199 12.1.41 Number of Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year Herbicides

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................199 12.1.42 Number of Agricultural Households using Improved Seeds by District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................199 AGRICULTURE CREDITS .....................................................................................................201 13.2a: Number of Households Receiving Credit By Sex of Household Member Receiving Credit

By District .......................................................................................................................202 13.2c: Number of Households Receiving Credit By Source of Credit By District ....................202 13.1a: Number of Households Receiving Credit By Reason for Not Using Credit By District203 13.1b: Number of Credits Received By Main Purpose of Credit and District ............................203 TREE FARMING AND AGROFORESTRY ..........................................................................205 14.1: Number of Planted Trees By Species and District, Rukwa Region ................................205 14.2 Number of Households with Planted Trees on their Land and and Number of Trees by

Planting Location and District.........................................................................................205 14.3: Main Use of Trees By District.........................................................................................205 14.4: Number of Households By Distance to Community Planted Forest (Km) By District...207 14.5: Number of responses by second use of planted trees and District for the 2002/03.........207 14.6 Number of responses by main use of planted trees and District for the 2002/03

agricultural year, Rukwa Region.....................................................................................207 CROP EXTENSION ..................................................................................................................209 15.1 Number of Households Receiving Extension Messages By District ..............................210

APPENDIX II 115

15.1 Number of Households By Quality of Extension Services By District During the 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.......................................................................210

15.3 Number of Households By Source of Crop Extension Messages By District During

2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region.....................................................................210 15.4 Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on Plant Spacing By Source

of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region. ...................211 15.5: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the Use of Agro-chemicals By

Source of Messages By District Rukwa Region..............................................................211 15.6: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the Erosion Control By Source of

Messages By District Rukwa Region ..............................................................................211 15.7: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of OrganicFertilisers By Source

of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region. ...................212 158: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of Inorganic Fertilisers By

Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region. .......212 15.9: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of Improved seeds By

Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region. .......212 15.9: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of Mechanisation By Source

of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region. ...................213 15.11: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of Irrigation Technology By

Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region. .......213 15.12: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of use of Crop storage By

Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region. .......213 15.13: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on vermin control By Source of Messages

By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.........................................214 15.14: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on Agro-processing By Source of

Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region. .......................214 15.15: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on Agro-Forestry By Source of Messages

By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.........................................214 15.16: Number of Households By Receiving Advice on Beekeeping By Source of Messages By

District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region. .............................................215 15.17: Number of Households By Receiving Advice on Fish Farming By Source of

Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region. .......................215 15.18: Number of Households Receiving and Adapting Extension Messages by Type of Message

and (Part 1) During the 2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region..............................215

APPENDIX II 116

15.19: Number of Households Receiving and Adapting Extension Messages by Type of Message and (Part 2) During the 2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region...............216

15.20: Number of Households Receiving and Adapting Extension Messages by Type of

Message and (Part 3) During the 2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region...............216 15.20: Number of Households Receiving and Adapting Extension Messages by Type of

Message and (Part 4) During the 2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region...............217 15.20: Number of Households Receiving and Adapting Extension Messages by Type of

Message and (Part 5 During the 2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region. ...............217 ANIMAL CONTRIBUTION TO CROP PRODUCTION .....................................................219 17.1: Number of Households Using Draft Animal to Cultivate Land By District During

2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.......................................................................220 17.2 Type of Draft By Number Owened, Used and Area Cultivated (Acres) By District During

2002/03 Agriculture Year................................................................................................220 17.3 Number of Crop Growing Households Using Organic Fertilizer By Regio During

2002/03 Agriculture Year................................................................................................221 17.4 Area of Farm Yard Manure and Compost Application By District During 2002/03

Agriculture Year..............................................................................................................221 CATTLE PRODUCTION .........................................................................................................223 18.1 Total Number of Households Rearing Cattle By District During 2002/03 Agriculture

Year, Rukwa Region .......................................................................................................224 18.3 Number of Households Rearing Cattle, Head of Cattle and Average Head per

Household by Herd Size as of 2002/03 ...........................................................................224 18.4.1 Number of Cattle by Category and Type of Cattle as of 1st October 2003.....................224 18.2 Number of Cattle By Type and District as of 1st October, 2003 ....................................225 18.5 Number of Indigenous Cattle By Category and as of 1st October, 2003 ..................................................................................................................225 18.6 Number of Indigenous Cattle By Category and as of 1st October, 2003 .......................225 18.7 Number of Indigenous Cattle By Category and as of 1st October, 2003 .......................226 18.8 Number of Indigenous Cattle By Category and as of 1st October, 2003 .......................226 GOAT PRODUCTION..............................................................................................................227 19.1: Total Number of Goats by Type and District as of 2st October, 2003............................228

APPENDIX II 117

19.2: Total Number of Households Rearing Goats and Heads of Goats by Herd size on 1st October 2003 ...................................................................................................................228

19.:3 Total Number of Goats by Category and Type of Goat as of 1st October, 2003 and

District .............................................................................................................................229 19.4 Number of Indigenous Goat by Category and District as of 1st October, 2003..............229 19.5: Number of Improved Meat Goat by Category and District as of 1st October, 2003.......229 19.6: Number of Improved Dairy Goat by Category and District as of 1st October, 2003......230 19.7: Number of Total Goat by Category and District as of 1st October, 2003.......................230 SHEEP PRODUCTION.............................................................................................................231 20.1: Total Number of Sheep By Breed Type During the 2002/03 Agriculture Year..............232 20.2: Number of Households Rearing Sheep by District as of 1st October, 2002/03 Agriculture

Year .................................................................................................................................232 20.3: Number of Sheep by Type of Sheep and District as of 1st October, 2002/03.................232 20.4: Number of Sheep per Household by Category and district as of 1st October 2003. .......232 20.5: Number of Households and Heads of Sheep by Herd Size on 1st October 2003............233 20.6: Total Number of Indigenous Sheep by Category of Sheep and District as of 1st October,

2002/03 Agriculture Year................................................................................................233 20.8 Total Number of Sheep by Category of Sheep and District as of 1st October, 2002/03

Agriculture Year..............................................................................................................233 PIGS PRODUCTION ................................................................................................................235 21.1 Number of Households Raising Pig by District during 2002/03 Agriculture Year.........236 21.2: Number of Households Raising Pig by District during 2002/03 Agriculture Year.........236 21.3: Total Number of Pigs by Category of Pigs and District as of 1st October, 2003............236 LIVESTOCK PESTS AND PARASITE CONTROL .............................................................237 22.1 Number of Livestock Rearing Households deworming Livestock by District during

2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................................. 238` 22.2: Number and Percent of agricultural households reporting to have dewormed animals

during 2002/03 Agriculture Year by District and type of dewormed Livestock............238

APPENDIX II 118

22.3: Number and Percent of agricultural households reporting to have encountered tsetse flies

problems during 2002/03 Agriculture Year by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ......238 22.4: Number and Percent of agricultural households by Method of Tsetse flies Control

during 2002/03 Agriculture Year and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ....................238 OTHER LIVESTOCK...............................................................................................................239 23a: Total number of Other Livestock by Type as of 1st October 2003.................................240 23b: Number of chicken by Category of Chicken and District as of 1st October, 2003 .........240 23d: Number of households with chicken and Category of Chicken by Flock Size ...............240 23c: Number of Households Rearing and number of Other Livestock by Type and District .240 FISH FARMING ........................................................................................................................241 28.1a: Number of Agricultural Households involved in Fish Farming and District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................242 28.2a: Number of Agricultural Households By System of Farming and District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................242 28.2b Number of Agricultural Households By Source of Fingerings and District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................242 28.2c: Number of Agricultural Households By Location of Selling Fish and District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................242 28.5 Total Number of Fish Harvested by Type and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year .......242 LIVESTOCK EXTENSION......................................................................................................243 29.1a: Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice By District during the 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................244 29.1b Number of Households By Source of Extension and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year244 29.1c Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Extension Advice on Proper Milking By

Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year..............................................................244 29.1d Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice on Milk Hygene By Source

and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ..........................................................................245 29.1e Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice on Disease Control By

Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year..............................................................245 29.1f Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Extension Advice on Herd /Flock Size

and Selection By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year..................................245

APPENDIX II 119

29.1g Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice Pasture Establishment and

Selection By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ........................................246 29.1h Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice on Group Formation and

Strengtherning By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ...............................246 29.1i Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice on Calf Rearing By Source and

District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year.................................................................................246 29.1j Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Extension Advice on Use of Improved

Bulls By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................247 29.1j Number of Agricultural Households By Quality of Extension Services and District,

2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................247 ACCESS TO INTRASTRUCTURE AND OTHER SERVICES ...........................................249 33.01a: Mean distances from horders dwellings to Infrastructures and services by District ......250 33.01b: Mean distance from holders dwellings to infrastrures and services by District .............251 33.01c: Mean distance from holders dwellings to all Weather roads by District ........................251 33.01d: Mean distance from holders dwellings to Feeder Roads by District ..............................251 33.01e: Mean distance from holders dwellings to Hospital by District ......................................252 33.01f: Mean distance from holders dwellings to Health Clinic by District ...............................252 33.01g: Mean distance from holders dwellings to Primary School by District...........................252 33.1h: Number of Households to Regional Capital....................................................................252 33.01j : Number of Households by Distance to Tarmac Road and District for the 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................253 33.01k: Number of Households by Distance to Primary Marketfor the 2002/03 Agricultural Year .................................................................................................................................253 33.01l: Number of Households by Distance to Tertiary Market for the 2002/03 Agricultural

Year .................................................................................................................................253 33.01m: Number of Households by Distance to Secondary Market for the 2002/03 Agricultural

Year .................................................................................................................................253 SATISFACTION OF USING VETERINARY CLINIC............................................................... 33.19b Number of Households by Satisfaction of Using Extension Centre and District, 2002/03


APPENDIX II 120

33.19c Number of Households by Satisfaction of Using Research Centre and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................254

33.19d Number of Households by Satisfaction of Using Plant Protection Lab and District,

2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................255 33.19e Number of Households by Satisfaction of using Land Registration Office and District,

2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................255 33.19f Number of Households by Satisfaction of using Livestock Development centre and

Registration Office and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year ..........................................256 33.19G Number of Households by Level of satisfaction of the Service and District, 2002/03

Agricultural Year.............................................................................................................256 HOUSEHOLD FACILITIES ...................................................................................................................257 34.1 Number of Agriculture Households by Type of Toilet and District During the 2002/03

Agriculture Year..............................................................................................................258 34.2 Number of hoseholds reporting average number of rooms and type of Roofing Materials

by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year............................................................................258 34.3 Number of Agricultural Households by Type of Owned Assets and District during 2002/03 Agricultural Year .............................................................................................258 34.4 Number of Agricultural Households by Main Source of Energy Used for Lighting during 2002/03 Agricultural Year..............................................................................................259 34.5 Number of Agricultural Households by Main Source of Energy Used for Cooking during 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................259 34.6 Number of Agricultural Households by Main Source of Drinking Water by Season (wet

and dry) and District during 2002/03 Agricultural Year .................................................260 34.7 Proportion of Agricultural Households by Main Source of Drinking Water by Season

(wet and dry) and District during 2002/03 Agricultural Year .........................................260 34.8 Number of Households Reporting Time Spent to and from Main Source of Drinking

Water by Season (Wet and Dry) by District for 2002/03 agriculture year .....................261 34.9 Proportion of Households Reporting Time Spent to and from Main Source of Drinking

Water by Season (Wet and Dry) by District for 2002/03 agriculture year .....................261 34.10 Number of Agricultural Households by Number of Meals the Household Normally Took per Day by District.................................................................................................262 34.11 Number of Households by Number of Days the Household Consumed Meat during the Preceding Week by District.............................................................................................262

APPENDIX II 121

34.12 Number of Households by Number of Days the Household Consumed Fish during the Preceding Week by District.............................................................................................263 34.13 Number of Households Reporting the Status of Food Satisfaction of the Household

during the Preceding Year by District .............................................................................263 34.14 Number of Households by Type of Roofing Materials and District during the 2002/03 Agricultural Year...............................................................................................264 34.15.1 Number of Households by Main Source of Cash Income and District during 2002/03

Agriculture Year..............................................................................................................264 34-16 Number of Households by Main Source of Income and District, 2002/03 Agricultural

Year ................................................................................................................................265 34.17: Number of hoseholds BY Type of Roofing Materials and District during 2002/03


APPENDIX II 122

APPENDIX II: CROPS Type of Agriculture Household.................................................................................................................. 121 Number of Agriculture Households ............................................................................................................123 Rank of Importance of Livelihood Activities ..............................................................................................125 Households Demography ............................................................................................................................129 Land Access/Ownership..............................................................................................................................137 Land Use………………..............................................................................................................................139 Total Annual Crop and Vege Production Long and short Seasons.............................................................143 Annual Crop and Vege Production Long Rainy Seasons ............................................................................151 Permanent Crop Production.........................................................................................................................167 Agro-processing .................................................................................................................................177 Marketing .................................................................................................................................181 Irrigation/Erosion Control ...........................................................................................................................183 Access to Farm Inputs ................................................................................................................................ 187 Agriculture Credit .................................................................................................................................203 Tree Farming and Agro-forestry..................................................................................................................207 Crop Extension .................................................................................................................................211 Animal Contribution to Crop Production ....................................................................................................221 Cattle Production .................................................................................................................................225 Goat Production .................................................................................................................................229 Sheep Production .................................................................................................................................233 Pig Production .................................................................................................................................237 Livestock Pests and Parasite Control...........................................................................................................239 Other Livestock .................................................................................................................................243 Fishing Farming .................................................................................................................................245 Livestock Extension .................................................................................................................................247 Access to Infrastructure and other services .................................................................................................255 Household Facilities .................................................................................................................................263

Appendix II 123

NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS

Tanzania Agriculture Sample Census - 2003 Rukwa

Appendix II 124

Mpanda 59,533 80 1,212 2 60,745 82 13,476 18 74,221

Sumbawanga 68,935 90 2,874 4 71,809 94 4,892 6 76,701

Nkasi 30,483 73 4,048 10 34,531 83 6,945 17 41,476

Sumbawanga 13,309 44 336 1 13,645 45 16,825 55 30,470

Total 172,261 77 8,469 4 180,730 81 42,138 19 222,868

Number % Number % Number % Number %

Mpanda 47,900 42 0 0 11,633 20 59,533 35 59,533 59,533 0Sumbawanga 38,769 34 416 100 29,751 51 68,935 40 68,935 68,520 416Nkasi 19,786 17 0 0 10,697 19 30,483 18 30,483 30,483 0Sumbawanga 7,614 7 0 0 5,695 10 13,309 8 13,309 13,309 0Total 114,069 100 416 100 57,776 100 172,261 100 172,261 171,845 416

Total

% of Total Rural

Households

Total Number of Households

(From 2002 Pop Census)

2.2 TYPE OF AGRICULTURE HOUSEHOLD:Number of Agriculture Households By Type of Holding and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Type of Agriculture Household

Total Number of Agricultural Households

Total Number of

Households Growing Crops

Total Number of

Households Rearing

Livestock

Crops Only Livestock Only

% of Total Rural

Households

Total Rural Households

Crops & Livestock

2.1 TYPE OF AGRICULTURE HOUSEHOLD:Number of Agricultural Households by type of household and District, the 2002/03 Agriculture Year

Agriculture, Non Agriculture and Urban Households

% of Total Rural

Households

Urban Households

District

Rural Households Involved in Agriculture

% of Total Rural

Households

Rural Households

NOT Involved in Agriculture


Appendix II 125

HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS


Appendix II 126

Number of Househod Members


Average Household

Size



Average Household

Size



Average Household

SizeMpanda 327,178 52,383 6 30,191 7,150 4 357,369 59,533 6Sumbawanga Rural 321,441 60,260 5 33,267 8,675 4 354,708 68,935 5Nkasi 145,125 26,660 5 13,259 3,824 3 158,384 30,483 5Sumbawanga Urban 65,457 11,599 6 6,351 1,710 4 71,808 13,309 5Total 859,201 150,902 6 83,068 21,359 4 942,269 172,261 5

DistrictAnnual Crop

FarmingPermanent

Crop Farming

Livestock Keeping / Herding


Fishing / Hunting & Gathering

Tree / Forest Resources

Mpanda 1 5 4 3 6 7 2Sumbawanga Rural 1 6 4 3 5 7 2Nkasi 1 7 4 3 6 5 2Sumbawanga Urban 1 6 4 3 5 7 2Total 1 7 4 6 3 5 2

Table. 3.1 The Livelihood Activities/Source of Income of the Households Ranked in Order of Importance by District

3.0: Number of Agricultural Households and Average Household Size By Sex of the Head of Household and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Male Female Total

Tanzania Agriculture sample Census - 2003 Rukwa

Appendix II 127

Number % Number % Number %

Less than 4 84,200 50 84,323 50 168,523 10005 - 09 78,168 50 78,480 50 156,649 10010 - 14 68,091 51 65,523 49 133,614 10015 - 19 50,935 51 48,417 49 99,352 10020 - 24 36,308 47 41,500 53 77,808 10025 - 29 34,203 47 38,194 53 72,397 10030 - 34 29,158 54 24,656 46 53,814 10035 - 39 20,352 47 22,881 53 43,234 10040 - 44 20,166 53 18,053 47 38,219 10045 - 49 17,029 55 13,959 45 30,988 10050 - 54 11,148 55 8,976 45 20,123 10055 - 59 7,123 55 5,779 45 12,902 10060 - 64 6,290 63 3,721 37 10,010 10065 - 69 3,878 39 6,170 61 10,048 10070 - 74 3,314 53 2,944 47 6,258 10075 - 79 2,943 69 1,329 31 4,272 10080 - 84 2,274 80 560 20 2,834 100Above 85 664 54 559 46 1,223 100Total 476,244 51 466,024 49 942,269 100


Less than 4 84,200 18 84,323 18 168,523 1805 - 09 78,168 16 78,480 17 156,649 1710 - 14 68,091 14 65,523 14 133,614 1415 - 19 50,935 11 48,417 10 99,352 1120 - 24 36,308 8 41,500 9 77,808 825 - 29 34,203 7 38,194 8 72,397 830 - 34 29,158 6 24,656 5 53,814 635 - 39 20,352 4 22,881 5 43,234 540 - 44 20,166 4 18,053 4 38,219 445 - 49 17,029 4 13,959 3 30,988 350 - 54 11,148 2 8,976 2 20,123 255 - 59 7,123 1 5,779 1 12,902 160 - 64 6,290 1 3,721 1 10,010 165 - 69 3,878 1 6,170 1 10,048 170 - 74 3,314 1 2,944 1 6,258 175 - 79 2,943 1 1,329 0 4,272 080 - 84 2,274 0 560 0 2,834 0Above 85 664 0 559 0 1,223 0Total 476,244 100 466,024 100 942,269 100

3.3 HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agricultural Household Members By Sex and Age Group, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Age Group

SexMale Female Total

3.2 HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agricultural Household Members By Sex and Age Group, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Age Group



Appendix II 128


Mpanda 181,669 51 175,700 49 357,369 100Sumbawanga Rur 180,938 51 173,770 49 354,708 100Nkasi 78,286 49 80,098 51 158,384 100Sumbawanga Urb 35,352 49 36,456 51 71,808 100Total 476,244 51 466,024 49 942,269 100

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %

Mpanda 170,079 58 6,374 2 133 0 118,192 40 294,777 100Sumbawanga Rur 161,987 56 12,498 4 357 0 113,807 39 288,649 100Nkasi 74,949 57 6,426 5 80 0 49,956 38 131,411 100Sumbawanga Urb 36,843 63 2,087 4 63 0 19,916 34 58,909 100Total 443,857 57 27,385 4 634 0 301,870 39 773,745 100


Mpanda 85,137 29 112,331 38 97,309 33 294,777 100Sumbawanga Rur 76,336 26 108,360 38 103,952 36 288,649 100Nkasi 34,921 27 51,883 39 44,606 34 131,411 100Sumbawanga Urb 17,898 30 23,288 40 17,724 30 58,909 100Total 214,292 28 295,862 38 263,591 34 773,745 100


Mpanda 159,510 54 5,653 2 0 0 2,168 1Sumbawanga Rur 159,114 55 4,927 2 0 0 4,441 2Nkasi 69,264 53 3,084 2 80 0 4,085 3Sumbawanga Urb 29,198 50 642 1 0 0 70 0Total 417,086 54 14,306 2 80 0 10,764 1

3.6 HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agricultural Household Members 5 years and above By School Attendancy and District , 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

School AttendancyAttending School Completed School Total

3.5 HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agriculture Household Members 5 years and above Who Can Read and Write Languages By Type of Language and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Read & WriteSwahili Swahili & English

yLanguage Don't Read / Write Total

3.4 HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agricultural Household Members By Sex and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District


Fishing

3.7 HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agricultural Household Members By Main Activity and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

DistrictFarming Keeping / Pastoralist

Main Activity


Appendix II 129

Self Employed (Non Farmimg) without

Unpaid Family Helper (Non Agriculture)

Not Working & Available

Not Working & Unavailable

Housemaker / Housewife

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %Mpanda 4,945 2 6,049 2 133 0 132 0 1,077 0Sumbawanga Rural 3,053 1 7,261 3 100 0 112 0 538 0Nkasi 2,288 2 554 0 0 0 0 0 71 0Sumbawanga Urban 1,080 2 1,453 2 0 0 0 0 307 1Total 11,365 1 15,317 2 233 0 244 0 1,993 0

Number % Number % Number % Number %Mpanda 83,953 28 23,434 8 134 0 294,777 100Sumbawanga Rural 73,975 26 29,323 10 226 0 288,649 100Nkasi 33,226 25 17,600 13 92 0 131,411 100Sumbawanga Urban 17,383 30 7,486 13 34 0 58,909 100Total 208,537 27 77,843 10 486 0 773,745 100

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %Mpanda 141,045 48 5,710 2 102,728 35 45,295 15 294,777 100Sumbawanga Rural 151,379 52 12,759 4 75,999 26 48,511 17 288,649 100Nkasi 66,110 50 7,032 5 31,508 24 26,761 20 131,411 100Sumbawanga Urban 27,383 46 1,197 2 22,139 38 8,190 14 58,909 100Total 385,917 50 26,698 3 232,375 30 128,756 17 773,745 100

3.8 HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agricultural Household Members By Level of involvement in Farming Activivty and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Involvement in FarmingWorks Full-time on Farm

Works Part-time on Farm

Rarely Works on Farm

Never Works on Farm Total

cont…. HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agricultural Household Members By Main Activity and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Student Unable to Work / Too Old / Retired Other Total

cont…. HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agricultural Household Members By Main Activity and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District


Appendix II 130

Number % Number % Number % Number %Mpanda 269 0 1,077 1 5,312 5 4,661 4Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 456 0 2,482 2 4,011 4Nkasi 0 0 695 1 1,144 2 1,410 3Sumbawanga Urban 104 0 238 1 982 4 747 3

Total 374 0 2,466 1 9,920 3 10,829 4


Mpanda 73,010 65 535 0 937 1 390 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 82,194 76 338 0 340 0 0 0 235 0Nkasi 35,628 69 455 1 222 0 82 0 70 0Sumbawanga Urban 16,180 69 69 0 101 0 0 0 34 0

Total 207,011 70 1,398 0 1,600 1 472 0 339 0


Mpanda 269 0 0 0 1,708 2 0 0 135 0Sumbawanga Rural 682 1 223 0 2,466 2 241 0 89 0Nkasi 283 1 70 0 545 1 0 0 217 0Sumbawanga Urban 135 1 0 0 202 1 0 0 34 0

Total 1,369 0 293 0 4,922 2 241 0 476 0


Mpanda 0 0 6,044 5 112,331 100Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 1,471 1 108,360 100Nkasi 72 0 2,020 4 51,883 100Sumbawanga Urban 33 0 717 3 23,288 100

Total 105 0 10,252 3 295,862 100

cont... HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agricultural Household Members By Level of Formal Education Completion and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Form SixTraining After Secondary

Education


District Form Two Form Three Form Four

University & Other Tertiary Education Adult Education TotalDistrict

Form One


District

Standard Three

3.9 HOUSEHOLDS DEMOGRAPHS: Number of Agricultural Household Members By Level of Formal Education Completion and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Education Level

Standard Seven Standard Eight Training After Primary Education Pre Form One

DistrictUnder Standard One Standard One Standard Two


Appendix II 131

RANK OF IMPORTANCE OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES


Appendix II 132

District

Annual Crop Farming

Permanent Crop Farming

Livestock Keeping /

Herding



Tree / Fores Resources

Mpanda 50923 134 269 6285 918 354 926Sumbawanga Rural 56737 101 699 7005 454 3190 617Nkasi 25570 82 247 1650 222 2420 152Sumbawanga Urban 9947 166 301 2188 443 69 233

Total 143176 483 1516 17128 2037 6033 1928

District

Annual Crop Farming


Livestock Keeping /

Herding




Mpanda 7,688 7,799 8,388 21,165 1,589 892 12,822Sumbawanga Rural 11,340 2,461 18,179 15,049 3,077 2,225 16,708Nkasi 3,972 715 7,213 12,696 879 1,895 3,421Sumbawanga Urban 2,794 743 3,374 3,999 336 35 2,270

Total 25,794 11,717 37,154 52,909 5,881 5,047 35,222

District

Annual Crop Farming






Mpanda 521 6,842 7,574 8,417 1,067 1,045 29,510Sumbawanga Rural 429 4,188 10,528 11,035 5,462 453 33,603Nkasi 708 390 3,473 9,129 1,572 138 14,288Sumbawanga Urban 437 745 1,906 2,704 710 35 5,983

Total 2,095 12,166 23,482 31,285 8,811 1,671 83,384

District

Annual Crop Farming


Livestock Keeping /

Herding




Mpanda 0 4,356 7,754 2,536 1,180 647 13,111Sumbawanga Rural 210 5,111 7,900 11,754 5,311 1,068 13,694Nkasi 151 1,349 5,192 3,947 1,112 292 10,663Sumbawanga Urban 97 1,028 1,614 1,328 1,407 0 3,469

Total 459 11,844 22,459 19,565 9,011 2,007 40,937

3.1a RANK OF IMPORTANCE OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES: First Most Importance

3.1b RANK OF IMPORTANCE OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES: Second Most Importance

3.1c RANK OF IMPORTANCE OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES: Third Most Importance

3.1d RANK OF IMPORTANCE OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES: Fourth Most Importance


Appendix II 133

District






Mpanda 748 2,677 917 0 110 2,494Sumbawanga Rural 3,377 2,981 4,597 2,837 1,059 2,267Nkasi 1,485 1,707 610 705 0 1,635Sumbawanga Urban 652 578 443 674 0 1,019Total 6,262 7,942 6,567 4,216 1,169 7,415

District






Mpanda 0 244 244 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 1,170 239 334 701 223 111Nkasi 244 227 46 0 73 82Sumbawanga Urban 102 0 69 370 0 134Total 1,516 710 693 1,072 295 327

District

Annual Crop Farming




Mpanda 266 0 0 132 0Sumbawanga Rural 0 111 0 118 119Nkasi 0 0 0 73 0Sumbawanga Urban 0 33 35 35 0Total 266 144 35 358 119

3.1e: RANK OF IMPORTANCE OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES: Fifth Most Importance

3.1f: RANK OF IMPORTANCE OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES: Sixth Most Importance

3.1g RANK OF IMPORTANCE OF LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES: Seventh Most Importance


Appendix II 135

LAND ACCESS/OWNERSHIP


Appendix II 136

Households with Area

Owned Under Customary

Law


Bought From Others


Rented From Others

Households wi h Area Borrowed

From O hers

Households with Area Shared

Croped From Others


under O her Forms of Tenure

Total Number of

HouseholdsNo. of

Households %No. of

Households %No. of

Households %No. of

Households %No. of

Households %No. of

Households % %

Mpanda 1,476 2 44,634 75 12,473 21 5,225 9 4,886 8 536 1 1,330 2 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 1,119 2 55,844 81 20,170 29 8,505 12 7,183 10 240 0 2,336 3 68,935Nkasi 471 2 25,449 83 6,969 23 713 2 3,735 12 322 1 740 2 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 239 2 11,267 85 3,819 29 655 5 954 7 139 1 665 5 13,309Total 3,305 2 137,194 80 43,431 25 15,099 9 16,758 10 1,238 1 5,072 3 172,261

Area Leased/Certific

ate of Ownership

Area Owned Under

Customary Law

Area Bought From Others

Area Rented From

Others

Area Borrowed

From Others

Area Shared Croped From

Others

Area under Other Forms

of Tenure Total

Mpanda 3,939 133,807 38,583 5,601 4,323 639 1,810 188,703Sumbawanga Rural 3,245 162,802 50,391 12,332 8,478 85 4,202 241,535Nkasi 927 85,792 14,801 1,546 7,377 1,215 682 112,339Sumbawanga Urban 264 22,409 6,112 930 805 140 441 31,102Total 8,376 404,810 109,887 20,409 20,983 2,079 7,135 573,679

4.1 LAND ACCESS/OWNERSHIP: Number of Agricultural Households By Type of Land Ownership/Tenure and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Land Access

District

Land Access/ Ownership (Hectare)

4.2 LAND ACCESS/OWNERSHIP: Area of Land by type of Ownership/Tenure (Hectare) and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Households with Area Leased/Certificate of

Ownership


Appendix II 137

LAND USE


Appendix II 138

Households with

Temporary Mono Crops

Households with

Temporary Mixed Crops

Households with

Permanent Mono Crops

Households with

Permanent Mixed Crops

Households with

Permanent / Annual Mix

Households with Pasture

Households Fallow

Households with Natural

Bush

Households with Planted

Trees

Households with Rented

to Others

Households with

Unusable

Households with

Uncultivated Usable Land

Total Number of

Households

Mpanda 45,386 35,834 2,219 4,819 6,373 1,052 7,942 5,732 5,498 1,736 3,873 32,355 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 62,466 15,414 7,672 3,297 2,652 1,052 15,549 2,927 3,371 3,093 2,894 27,258 68,935Nkasi 22,834 12,502 1,025 787 968 736 6,658 896 2,590 1,395 3,352 13,406 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 11,239 6,488 1,799 309 639 300 2,179 517 3,846 337 859 4,008 13,309

Total 141,925 70,239 12,714 9,212 10,632 3,140 32,328 10,071 15,306 6,562 10,978 77,028 172,261

Area under Temporary

Mono Crops

Area under Temporary

Mixed Crops

Area under Permanent

Mono Crops

Area under Permanent

Mixed Crops

Area under Permanent / Annual Mix

Area under Pasture

Area under Fallow

Area under Natural Bush

Area under Planted Trees

Area Rented to Others

Area Unusable

Area of Uncultivated Usable Land Total

Mpanda 55,296 36,591 452 2,369 5,973 2,319 9,225 10,678 2,341 2,299 3,702 57,458 188,703Sumbawanga Rural 117,391 19,238 3,419 4,179 4,539 1,667 32,616 5,155 1,209 4,943 3,058 44,733 242,146Nkasi 39,362 14,666 314 1,511 1,851 4,131 11,735 1,127 1,501 2,274 5,267 28,600 112,339Sumbawanga Urban 14,667 5,917 712 105 260 324 2,159 282 987 1,056 713 3,920 31,102

Total 226,716 76,412 4,897 8,164 12,623 8,441 55,734 17,243 6,038 10,572 12,739 134,711 574,291

% 39 13 1 1 2 1 10 3 1 2 2 23 100

District

Land Use Area

5.1 LAND USE: Number of Agricultural Households By Type of Land Use and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Type of Land Use

5.2 LAND USE: Area of Land (ha) by type of Land Use and District for 2002/03 Agricultural Year


Appendix II 139

Total Total

Number % Number % Number Number Percent Number Percent Number

Mpanda 17,480 29 42,054 71 59,533 Mpanda 41,743 70 17,790 30 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 27,846 41 40,674 59 68,520 Sumbawanga Rural 43,553 64 24,966 36 68,520Nkasi 11,375 37 19,109 63 30,483 Nkasi 18,324 60 12,160 40 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 6,850 51 6,459 49 13,309 Sumbawanga Urban 5,302 40 8,007 60 13,309

Total 63,550 37 108,295 63 171,845 Total 108,922 63 62,923 37 171,845

Number % Number % Number PercentMpanda 41,743 70 17,790 30 59,533 100Sumbawanga Rural 43,553 64 24,966 36 68,520 100Nkasi 18,324 60 12,160 40 30,483 100Sumbawanga Urban

5,302 40 8,007 60 13,309 100

Total 108,922 63 62,923 37 171,845 100

5.3: Number of Agricultural Households by Whether All Land Available to the Household Was Used and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Yes No

Was all Land Available to the Hh Used During 2002/03?

5.4 Number of Agricultural Households by Whether they Consider Having Sufficient Landfor the Household and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Do you Consider that you have sufficient land for the Hh?

Yes No

5.4: Number of Agricultural Households by Whether they Consider Having Sufficient Land for the Household and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Do you Consider that you have sufficient land for the Hh?

Yes No Total


Appendix II 141

ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION


Appendix II 142

Dry SeasonNumber of Households Planted Area Number of

Households Planted Area

Mpanda 0 0 158400 96231 96231 0.0Sumbawanga Rural 474 863 177594 132698 133561 0.6Nkansi 160 130 74856 53306 53436 0.2Sumbawanga Urban 104 56 32727 20109 20166 0.3Total 738 1049 443,577 302,344 303,393 0.3

Households Growing Crops

Households NOT Growing Crops

Number of Households Growing Crops

Number of Households NOT Growing Crops

Mpanda 0 59533 59533 0 59533Sumbawanga Rural 118 68817 67939 996 68935Nkansi 80 30403 30403 80 30483Sumbawanga Urban 35 13274 13240 69 13309Total 233 172027 171,116 1,145 172,261

District

7.1 & 7.2b ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households Planting Crops By Season and District

Total Number of Crop Growing

Households

Wet SeasonDry Season

7.1 & 7.2a: ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area (ha) by season and District

DistrictTotal Area

Planted (hectare)

% Area planted in

Dry season

Wet Season


Appendix II 143

Area Planted (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (kg/ha) Area Planted (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (kg/ha) Area Planted (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (kg/ha)

CEREALS 427 155 363 203,500 240,468 1,182 203,928 240,623 1,180Maize 427 155 363 149,606 163,277 1,091 150,033 163,432 1,089Paddy 0 0 0 25,526 49,520 1,940 25,526 49,520 1,940Sorghum 0 0 0 7,405 9,942 1,343 7,405 9,942 1,343Bulrush Millet 0 0 0 17 20 1,186 17 20 1,186Finger Millet 0 18,967 15,798 833 18,967 15,798 833Wheat 0 0 0 1,979 1,911 966 1,979 1,911 966ROOTS & TUBERS 0 0 28,595 45,702 1,598 28,595 45,702 1,598Cassava 0 0 0 25,611 39,818 1,555 25,611 39,818 1,555Sweet Potatoes 0 0 0 2,681 4,699 1,753 2,681 4,699 1,753Irish Potatoes 0 0 0 282 1,031 3,653 282 1,031 3,653Yams 0 0 0 13 127 9,485 13 127 9,485Cocoyam 0 0 0 7 27 3,952 7 27 3,952PULSES 279 44 156 37,551 17,567 468 37,831 17,610 466Mung Beans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Beans 279 44 37,251 17,265 463 37,530 17,308 461Cowpeas 0 0 0 68 47 687 68 47 687Green Gram 0 0 0 102 151 1,482 102 151 1,482Chich Peas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Bambaranuts 0 0 0 108 93 865 108 93 865Field Peas 0 0 0 23 11 494 23 11 494OIL SEEDS & OIL NUTS 343 217 634 28,178 17,201 610 28,520 17,419 611Sunflower 295 146 11,463 5,957 520 11,758 6,103 519Simsim 0 0 0 65 35 540 65 35 540Groundnuts 48 71 16,522 11,055 669 16,570 11,126 671Soya Beans 0 0 0 127 154 1,208 127 154 1,208Castor Seed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0FRUITS & VEGETABLES 0 0 0 1,225 4,211 3,437 1,225 4,211 3,437Okra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Radish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Bitter Aubergine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Onions 0 0 0 266 1,139 0 266 1,139 4,279Ginger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cabbage 0 0 0 176 739 0 176 739 4,212Tomatoes 0 0 0 583 2,136 0 583 2,136 3,665Spinnach 0 0 0 51 68 0 51 68 1,336Carrot 0 0 0 3 7 0 3 7 2,134Chillies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Amaranths 0 0 0 125 110 0 125 110 879Pumpkins 0 0 0 22 12 0 22 12 540Cucumber 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Egg Plant 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Water Mellon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0CASH CROPS 0 0 0 3,295 3,263 990 3,295 3,263 990Pyrethrum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cotton 0 0 0 39 13 0 39 13 329Tobacco 0 0 0 3,256 3,251 0 3,256 3,251 998Jute 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 1,049 302,344 303,393

Table 7.1 & 7.2c: TOTAL ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Area Planted (ha) and Quantity Harvested by Season and Crop for the 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Crop

Dry Season Wet Season Total



Area Planted (ha)


Area Planted (ha)

CEREALS 233 427 220,959 203500 203,928 0.2Maize 233 427 159160 149606 150033 0.3Paddy 0 0 30132 25526 25526 0.0Sorghum 0 0 10613 7405 7405 0.0Bulrush Millet 0 0 82 17 17 0.0Finger Millet 0 0 18635 18967 18967 0.0Wheat 0 0 2337 1979 1979 0.0ROOTS & TUBERS 0 0 64889 28595 28595 0.0Cassava 0 0 53929 25611 25611 0.0Sweet Potatoes 0 0 9530 2681 2681 0.0Irish Potatoes 0 0 1364 282 282 0.0Yams 0 0 33 13 13 0.0Cocoyam 0 0 34 7 7 0.0PULSES 233 279 78866 37551 37831 0.7Mung Beans 0 0 78216 0 0 0.0Beans 233 279 151 37251 37530 0.7Cowpeas 0 0 120 68 68 0.0Green Gram 0 0 0 102 102 0.0Chich Peas 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Bambaranuts 0 0 266 108 108 0.0Field Peas 0 0 112 23 23 0.0OIL SEEDS & OIL NUTS 272 343 65842 28178 28520 1.2Sunflower 153 295 19960 11463 11758 2.5Simsim 0 0 357 65 65 0.0Groundnuts 118 48 44997 16522 16570 0.3Soya Beans 0 0 528 127 127 0.0Castor Seed 0 0 0 0 0 0.0FRUITS & VEGETABLES 0 0 1225 1225 0.0Okra 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Radish 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Bitter Aubergine 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Onions 0 0 0 266 266 0.0Ginger 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Cabbage 0 0 1032 176 176 0.0Tomatoes 0 0 3499 583 583 0.0Spinnach 0 0 420 51 51 0.0Carrot 0 0 34 3 3 0.0Chillies 0 0 0 0 0.0Amaranths 0 0 1157 125 125 0.0Pumpkins 0 0 215 22 22 0.0Cucumber 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Egg Plant 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Water Mellon 0 0 0 0 0 0.0CASH CROPS 0 0 0 3295 3295 0.0Pyrethrum 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Cotton 0 0 128 39 39 0.0Tobacco 0 0 4818 3256 3256 0.0Jute 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Total 1,049 302,344 303,393 0.0

Table 7.1 & 7.2d: TOTAL ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Area Planted (ha) and Quantity Harvested by Season and Crop for the 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Crop

Wet SeasonDry SeasonTotal Area Planted Dry & Wet seasons

% Area Planted in Dry Season


Appendix II 145

Number of Household Planted Area



Mpanda 0 0 5,092 11,021 158,400 96,231 11.5Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 7,774 19,216 177,594 132,698 14.5Nkansi 0 0 1,696 6,698 74,856 53,306 12.6Sumbawanga Urban 35 56 7,736 12,832 32,727 20,109 63.8Total 35 56 22,298 49,767 443,577 302,344 16.5

District




Mpanda 0 0 403 571 59,533 96,231 0.6Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 460 918 68,401 132,698 0.7Nkansi 0 0 80 422 30,403 53,306 0.8Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 70 120 13,240 20,109 0.6Total 0 0 1,013 2,031 171,578 302,344 0.7

7.1 & 7.2h TOTAL ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Agriculture Households and Planted Area By Insecticide Use and District for the 2002/03 agricultural year - Wet & Dry Seasons- Rukwa region.

Insecticide Use % of Planted Area using Insecticide

Insecticide Use Insec icide Use TotalDistrict

7.1 & 7.2iTOTAL ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Agriculture Households and Planted Area By Insecticide Use and District for the 2002/03 agricultural year - Wet & Dry Seasons- Rukwa region.

% of Planted Area using Insecticide

TotalHerbicide Use

Insecticide Use Insec icide Use


Appendix II 146


Planted Area


Planted Area

Number of Households Planted Area


Planted Area

Mpanda 129 679 0 303,101 53,421 75,999 53,550 192,461Sumbawanga Rural 119 72 0 177,758 21,908 23,611 22,027 133,561Nkansi 0 0 0 77,974 14,606 15,748 14,606 53,436Sumbawanga Urban 69 104 0 21,476 1,968 1,915 2,037 20,166

Total 316 855 0 580,309 91,903 117,273 92,219 303,393


Planted Area


Planted Area

Number of Households Planted Area


Planted Area

Total Planted

Area

Mpanda 1,200 3,089 134 109 3,894 7,937 113,838 181,326 192,461Sumbawanga Rural 5,532 16,068 924 1,682 117 1,420 61,947 114,392 133,561Nkansi 1,426 3,671 391 313 145 88 28,522 49,364 53,436Sumbawanga Urban 3,941 6,550 272 421 781 1,755 8,282 11,439 20,166

Total 12,098 29,379 1,721 2,524 4,937 11,200 153,055 260,290 303,393

Number of Household

Planted Area

Number of Household

Planted Area


Mpanda 1,071 1,980 3,050 5,030 4,121 7,009 28Sumbawanga Rural 5,971 10,422 16,393 26,815 22,364 37,237 28Nkansi 948 2,521 3,469 5,991 4,417 8,512 30Sumbawanga Urban 2,355 4,284 6,639 10,922 8,993 15,206 28

Total 10,344 19,207 29,551 48,758 39,895 67,965 28

Household Using Irrigation

Household NOT Using Irriga ion Total

7.1 & 7.2g TOTAL ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Total number of agriculture Households and Planted Area (ha) By Irrigation Use and District for 2002/03 agricultural year Wet & Dry season - Rukwa Region.

District

Irrigation Use

% of Planted Area using Insecticide

District

Fer ilisers Use

Manure Mostly Compost Mostly Inorganic Fertilizer No Fertilizer Applied

7.1 & 7.2f TOTAL ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Total number of agriculture Households and Planted Area (ha) By Fertiliser Use and District for 2002/03 agricultural year Wet & Dry season - Rukwa Region.

7.1 & 7.2e TOTAL ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Total number of agriculture Households and Planted Area (ha) By Means of Soil Preparation and District - Wet & Dry Seasons- Rukwa Region.

District

Soil Preparation

Mostly Tractor Ploughing Mostly Oxen Ploughing Mostly Hand Cultivation Total


Appendix II 147

Number of Household

Planted Area

Number of Household

Planted Area

Number of Household

Planted Area

Mpanda 3,227 6,178 56,306 90,053 59,533 96,231 3.4Sumbawanga Rural 680 597 67,721 132,101 68,401 132,698 0.5Nkasi 315 705 30,089 52,601 30,403 53,306 0.6Sumbawanga Urban 583 1,286 12,657 18,823 13,240 20,109 2.9

Total 4,805 8,766 166,773 293,578 171,578 302,344 1.6

Number of Household

Planted Area

Number of Household

Planted Area

Number of Household

Planted Area

Mpanda 3,082 5,507 56,451 90,670 59,533 96,178 5.7Sumbawanga Rural 6,712 18,377 61,227 111,967 67,939 130,345 14.1Nkansi 569 1,183 29,834 51,977 30,403 53,160 2.2Sumbawanga Urban 694 1,990 12,564 18,961 13,258 22,078 9.0

Total 11,057 27,058 160,077 273,576 171,133 302,400 8.9

7.1&7.2k: ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Improved Seed Use and DistrictDuring 2002/03 Crop Year - WET & DRY SEASONS

District

Improved Seed Use% of area

planted using Improved

Seeds

Households Using Improved Seed

Households Not Using Improved Seed Total

7.1 $ 7.2j: ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Fungicide Use and District During 2002/03 Crop Year WET SEASON

District

Fungicide Use% of area

planted using Fungicides

Households Using Fungicide

Households Not Using Fungicide Total



Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area

Mpanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 118 863 0 0 118 863Nkansi 0 0 80 130 0 0 80 130Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 35 56 0 0 35 56Total 0 0 233 1,049 0 0 233 1,049


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area

Mpanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 118 863 118 863Nkansi 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 130 80 130Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 56 35 56Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 233 1,049 233 1,049

Number of Household

Planted Area

Number of Household

Planted Area

Number of Household

Planted Area

Mpanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 118 863 118 863 0Nkansi 0 0 80 130 80 130 0Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 35 56 35 56 0Total 0 0 233 1,049 233 1,049 0



Household NOT Using Irrigation Total

7.1c ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Irrigation Use and Distric, DRY SEASON, Rukwa Region.

Irrigation Use% of Planted Area using Insecticide

District

Total

Fertilisers UseMostly Inorganic

Fer ilizer No Fertilizer Applied

7.1a ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Households and Planted Area (ha) By Means Used for Soil Preparation and District During 2002/03 Crop Year-DRY SEASON, Rukwa Region

7.1b ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Total number of agriculture Households and Planted Area (ha) By Fertiliser Use and District - DRY SEASON,Rukwa Region.

District

District

Soil Preparation

Mostly Tractor Ploughing Mostly Oxen Ploughing Mostly Hand Cul ivation Total

Mostly Compost


Appendix II 149




Mpanda 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 118 863 118 863Nkansi 0 0 80 130 80 130Sumbawanga Urban 35 56 0 0 35 56Total 35 56 199 993 233 1,049




Mpanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 118 863 118 863 0Nkansi 0 0 80 130 80 130 0Sumbawanga Urban 35 56 35 56 0Total 0 0 233 1,049 233 1,049 0

% Planted Area using Herbicide

Household NOT Using Irrigation Total

7.1d ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Pesticide Use and District, DRY SEASON, Rukwa Region.

District

Herbicide Use

Household Using Irrigation Household NOT Using Irrigation Total

7.1e ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Herbicide Use and District, DRY SEASON, Ruwa Region

District

Insecticide Use



Appendix II 150




Mpanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 118 863 118 863 0Nkansi 0 0 80 130 80 130 0Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 35 56 35 56 0Total 0 0 233 1,049 233 1,049 0




Mpanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 118 863 0 0 118 863 100Nkansi 0 0 80 130 80 130 0Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 35 56 35 56 0Total 118 863 115 186 233 1,049 82% 51 82 49 18 100 100

7.1f ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Fungicide Use and District DRY SEASON, Rukwa Region.

District

Improved Seed Use% Planted Area using Herbicide


7.1g ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Improved Seed Use and District, DRY SEASON

District

Fungicide Use% Planted Area using Herbicide



Appendix II 151


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area

Mpanda 129 679 5,984 19,499 53,421 75,999 59,533 96,178Sumbawanga Rural 119 72 45,912 106,662 21,908 23,611 67,939 130,345Nkansi 0 0 15,797 37,412 14,606 15,748 30,403 53,160Sumbawanga Urban 69 104 11,204 18,069 1,968 1,915 13,240 20,088Total 316 855 78,897 181,643 91,903 117,273 171,116 299,771% 0.2 0.3 46.1 60.6 53.7 39.1 160.9 100


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Total Planted

AreaMpanda 1,200 3,089 134 109 3,894 7,937 54,305 85,095 59,533 96,231Sumbawanga Rural 5,532 16,068 924 1,682 117 1,420 61,828 113,529 68,401 132,698Nkansi 1,426 3,671 391 313 145 88 28,442 49,234 30,403 53,306Sumbawanga Urban 3,941 6,550 272 421 781 1,755 8,247 11,383 13,240 20,109Total 12,098 29,379 1,721 2,524 4,937 11,200 152,822 259,241 171,578 302,344

No.of H/holdsPlanted

Area No.of H/holdsPlanted

Area No.of H/holdsPlanted

Area

Mpanda 1,071 1,980 58,463 94,251 59,533 96,231 2.1Sumbawanga Rural 5,971 10,422 62,430 122,276 68,401 132,698 8Nkasi 948 2,521 29,455 50,785 30,403 53,306 5Sumbawanga Urban 2,355 4,284 10,886 15,826 13,240 20,109 21Total 10,344 19,207 161,234 283,137 171,578 302,344 6.4% 6 6 94 94 100 100

7.2b ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Fertilizer Use and District WET SEASON, Rukwa Region

Total

7.2c ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Irrigation Use and District During WET SEASON

District

Irrigation Use

Households Using Irrigation

Households Not Using Irrigation Total

% of Area Planted Under

Irrigation in Wet Season

District

Fertilisers Use

Mostly Farm Yard Manure Mostly Compost Mostly Inorganic Fertilizer No Fertilizer Applied

Mostly Oxen Ploughing Mostly Hand Cultiva ion Total

7.2a ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area (ha) By Means Used for Soil Preparation and District, WET SEASON, Rukwa Region

District

Soil Preparation

Mostly Tractor Ploughing


Appendix II 152



Number of Household

Planted Area

Mpanda 5,092 11,021 54,441 85,210 59,533 96,231Sumbawanga Rural 7,774 19,216 60,627 113,482 68,401 132,698Nkasi 1,696 6,698 28,707 46,608 30,403 53,306Sumbawanga Urban 7,736 12,832 5,504 7,277 13,240 20,109Total 22,298 49,767 149,280 252,577 171,578 302,344



Number of Household

Planted Area

Mpanda 403 571 59,130 95,659 59,533 96,231 0.6Sumbawanga Rural 460 918 67,941 131,781 68,401 132,698 0.7Nkasi 80 422 30,323 52,884 30,403 53,306 0.8Sumbawanga Urban 70 120 13,171 19,990 13,240 20,109 0.6Total 1,013 2,031 170,565 300,314 171,578 302,344 0.7% 0.6 0.7 99.4 99.3 100.0 100.0


Number % Number % NumberMpanda 46,242 78 13,292 22 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 59,911 87 9,024 13 68,935Nkansi 24,110 79 6,374 21 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 10,835 81 2,474 19 13,309Total 141,097 82 31,164 18 172,261

Households that Sold Produce

Households that Did not Sold Produce

District

% of Area Planted Using

Herbicide

7.2e ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Herbicide Use and District WET SEASON, Rukwa Region.

7.2j Number of Crop Producing Households Reporting Selling Agricultural Products by District, 2002/03

District

Herbicide UseHouseholds Using

HerbicideHouseholds Not Using

Herbicide Total

7.2d ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Insecticide Use and District WET SEASON, Rukwa Region

District

Insecticide UseHouseholds Using

PesticideHouseholds Not Using

Pesticide Total


Appendix II 153




Mpanda 3,227 6,178 56,306 90,053 59,533 96,231 6.4Sumbawanga Rural 680 597 67,721 132,101 68,401 132,698 0.4Nkasi 315 705 30,089 52,601 30,403 53,306 1.3Sumbawanga Urban 583 1,286 12,657 18,823 13,240 20,109 6.4Total 4,805 8,766 166,773 293,578 171,578 302,344 2.9% 3 3 97 97 100 100




Mpanda 3,082 5,507 56,451 90,670 59,533 96,178 5.7Sumbawanga Rural 6,712 18,377 61,227 111,967 67,939 130,345 14.1Nkansi 569 1,183 29,834 51,977 30,403 53,160 2.2Sumbawanga Urban 676 1,127 12,564 18,961 13,240 20,088 5.6Total 11,039 26,195 160,077 273,576 171,116 299,771 8.7% 6 9 94 91 100 100

% of Planted Area Using Improved

Seed

7.2g ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Improved Seed Use and District, WET SEASON, Rukwa Region

District

Improved Seed UseHouseholds Using

Improved SeedHouseholds Not Using

Improved Seed Total

% of Planted Area Using Fungicide

7.2f ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION: Number of Crop Growing Households and Planted Area By Fungicide Use and District 2002/03 WET SEASON, Rukwa Region

District

Fungicide UseHouseholds Using

FungicideHouseholds Not Using

Fungicide Total


Total


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area

Maize 3,884 1,604 51,453 41,568 0 . 129 47 0 . 55,467 43,219Paddy 402 136 12,576 12,071 120 194 129 105 0 . 13,227 12,505Sorghum 0 . 1,568 2,048 0 . 0 . 0 . 1,568 2,048Finger Millet 0 . 1,464 545 0 . 0 . 0 . 1,464 545CEREALS 4,286 1,739 67,061 56,232 120 194 258 152 0 . 71,726 58,316Cassava 3,756 1,488 25,745 10,942 0 . 0 . 0 . 29,501 12,430Sweet Potatoes 0 . 4,555 1,400 0 . 0 . 0 . 4,555 1,400ROOTS & TUBERS 3,756 1,488 30,300 12,342 0 . 0 . 0 . 34,056 13,830Beans 3,085 1,569 20,928 8,655 0 . 129 31 0 . 24,142 10,255Bambaranuts 133 54 133 54 0 . 0 . 0 . 266 108PULSES 3,218 1,622 21,061 8,709 0 . 129 31 0 . 24,408 10,363Sunflower 134 27 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 134 27Simsim 0 . 135 16 0 . 0 . 0 . 135 16Groundnuts 2,277 841 18,292 9,007 0 . 133 27 0 . 20,702 9,874Soya Beans 0 . 269 68 0 . 0 . 0 . 269 68OIL SEEDS & OIL NUTS 2,411 868 18,696 9,091 0 . 133 27 0 . 21,240 9,986Onions 0 . 270 68 0 . 0 . 0 . 270 68Cabbage 0 . 135 14 0 . 0 . 0 . 135 14Tomatoes 0 . 803 173 0 . 0 . 0 . 803 173Spinnach 0 . 134 22 0 . 0 . 0 . 134 22Amaranths 0 . 536 52 0 . 0 . 0 . 536 52FRUITS & VEGETABLES 0 . 1,878 329 0 . 0 . 0 . 1,878 329Cotton 0 . 128 39 0 . 0 . 0 . 128 39Tobacco 134 54 4,566 3,178 0 . 0 . 0 . 4,700 3,233CASH CROPS 134 54 4,693 3,217 0 . 0 . 0 . 4,827 3,271Total 13,805 5,772 143,689 89,920 120 194 520 210 0 . 158,135 96,096

Sumbawanga Rural Maize 4,642 5,881 53,555 56,992 345 207 4,287 2,623 581 248 63,410 65,951

Paddy 728 736 10,358 8,978 113 46 1,029 649 1,294 1,104 13,522 11,514Sorghum 355 605 5,958 3,907 0 . 1,078 461 0 . 7,391 4,973Finger Millet 1,717 2,098 8,410 9,362 0 . 826 407 0 . 10,953 11,867Wheat 0 . 224 91 0 . 0 . 0 . 224 91CEREALS 7,441 9,320 78,505 79,331 458 253 7,220 4,140 1,875 1,351 95,500 94,395Cassava 566 357 8,471 4,107 0 . 0 . 0 . 9,037 4,464Sweet Potatoes 117 47 2,897 664 111 11 0 . 117 5 3,242 728Irish Potatoes 101 20 230 28 0 . 0 . 0 . 331 49ROOTS & TUBERS 784 424 11,598 4,799 111 11 0 . 117 5 12,610 5,240Beans 2,085 1,278 26,551 14,897 121 98 1,835 791 230 79 30,821 17,142

Sumbawanga Rural Green Gram 0 . 120 102 0 . 0 . 0 . 120 102

7.2h Planted Area and Number of Crop Growing Households in WET SEASON During 2002/03 Crop Year By Method of Land Clearing By Crops 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Mpanda

Land Clearing

District Crop No Land ClearingMostly BurningMostly Tractor SlashingMostly Hand SlashingMostly Bush Clearance


Total


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Land Clearing


Field Peas 0 . 112 23 0 . 0 . 0 . 112 23PULSES 2,085 1,278 26,783 15,022 121 98 1,835 791 230 79 31,053 17,266Sunflower 443 220 10,552 6,997 0 . 918 429 0 . 11,912 7,646Simsim 0 . 118 24 0 . 0 . 0 . 118 24Groundnuts 1,126 247 17,249 4,841 111 11 241 37 0 . 18,728 5,136Soya Beans 0 . 225 46 0 . 0 . 0 . 225 46OIL SEEDS & OIL NUTS 1,570 467 28,144 11,907 111 11 1,159 466 0 . 30,983 12,851Onions 0 . 451 68 0 . 0 . 0 . 451 68Cabbage 0 . 326 60 0 . 0 . 0 . 326 60Tomatoes 0 . 1,598 241 0 . 0 . 117 5 1,715 245Spinnach 0 . 218 22 0 . 0 . 0 . 218 22Amaranths 0 . 452 60 0 . 0 . 0 . 452 60Pumpkins 0 . 100 10 0 . 115 12 0 . 215 22FRUITS & VEGETABLES 0 . 3,145 461 0 . 115 12 117 5 3,377 477Tobacco 0 . 118 24 0 . 0 . 0 . 118 24CASH CROPS 0 . 118 24 0 . 0 . 0 . 118 24Total 11,880 11,490 148,293 111,543 801 373 10,329 5,407 2,338 1,439 173,641 130,253

Nkansi Maize 365 361 26,206 26,943 0 . 506 695 73 15 27,149 28,014Paddy 0 . 3,197 1,409 0 . 0 . 73 7 3,270 1,416Sorghum 60 7 1,425 359 0 . 0 . 0 . 1,485 366Bulrush Millet 0 . 82 17 0 . 0 . 0 . 82 17Finger Millet 165 167 5,375 6,154 0 . 0 . 0 . 5,540 6,321Wheat 0 . 239 129 80 32 0 . 0 . 319 161CEREALS 589 535 36,524 35,010 80 32 506 695 145 22 37,845 36,294Cassava 666 291 9,615 5,681 0 . 60 18 145 29 10,486 6,020Sweet Potatoes 0 . 1,525 469 0 . 0 . 0 . 1,525 469Irish Potatoes 0 . 409 149 0 . 0 . 0 . 409 149ROOTS & TUBERS 666 291 11,549 6,299 0 . 60 18 145 29 12,420 6,638Beans 163 75 14,524 6,566 0 . 294 167 76 3 15,056 6,810Cowpeas 82 33 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 82 33PULSES 245 108 14,524 6,566 0 . 294 167 76 3 15,138 6,844Sunflower 165 75 3,522 1,806 0 . 70 57 0 . 3,757 1,938Groundnuts 82 8 4,422 1,202 80 65 70 57 0 . 4,654 1,333OIL SEEDS & OIL NUTS 247 83 7,944 3,008 80 65 141 114 0 . 8,412 3,270Onions 0 . 244 20 0 . 0 . 0 . 244 20Cabbage 0 . 234 60 0 . 0 . 0 . 234 60Tomatoes 0 . 164 35 0 . 0 . 0 . 164 35FRUITS & VEGETABLES 0 . 642 115 0 . 0 . 0 . 642 115Total 1,747 1,017 71,183 50,997 160 97 1,000 994 367 55 74,457 53,160


Total


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Planted Area


Land Clearing


Sumbawanga Urban Maize 238 264 9,409 8,601 35 72 2,310 1,885 870 1,404 12,861 12,226

Sorghum 0 . 137 12 0 . 32 7 0 . 169 18Finger Millet 70 28 470 143 0 . 105 57 0 . 644 228Wheat 0 . 1,725 1,586 35 70 35 71 0 . 1,794 1,728CEREALS 308 292 11,740 10,342 69 142 2,482 2,019 870 1,404 15,469 14,199Cassava 35 28 364 83 0 . 32 13 0 . 431 125Sweet Potatoes 0 . 69 11 0 . 139 74 0 . 208 85Irish Potatoes 0 . 589 81 0 . 0 . 35 4 624 85Yams 0 . 33 13 0 . 0 . 0 . 33 13Cocoyam 0 . 0 . 0 . 34 7 0 . 34 7ROOTS & TUBERS 35 28 1,055 188 0 . 205 94 35 4 1,330 314Beans 69 24 6,460 2,147 35 13 1,008 329 625 531 8,197 3,043Cowpeas 0 . 69 35 0 . 0 . 0 . 69 35PULSES 69 24 6,529 2,182 35 13 1,008 329 625 531 8,266 3,078Sunflower 136 55 3,035 1,353 0 . 846 395 139 49 4,156 1,852Simsim 0 . 69 11 0 . 0 . 35 14 104 25Groundnuts 0 . 671 127 0 . 171 31 70 21 913 180Soya Beans 0 . 34 14 0 . 0 . 0 . 34 14OIL SEEDS & OIL NUTS 136 55 3,810 1,505 0 . 1,017 426 244 85 5,207 2,070Onions 0 . 720 107 0 . 34 3 0 . 754 110Cabbage 33 3 271 32 0 . 34 7 0 . 338 42Tomatoes 33 3 785 126 0 . 0 . 0 . 818 129Spinnach 0 . 68 7 0 . 0 . 0 . 68 7Carrot 0 . 34 3 0 . 0 . 0 . 34 3Amaranths 0 . 135 10 0 . 34 3 0 . 169 13FRUITS & VEGETABLES 66 7 2,013 284 0 . 101 14 0 . 2,180 305Total 613 406 25,147 14,502 104 155 4,813 2,881 1,773 2,023 32,451 19,966


Appendix II 157

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 55,602 43,301 38,976 0.9 43,301 38,976 0.9Sumbawanga Rural 118 288 118 0.4 63,410 65,951 84,223 1.3 66,238 84,342 1.3Nkansi 80 97 19 0.2 27,149 28,014 27,028 1.0 28,111 27,047 1.0Sumbawanga Urban 35 42 17 0.4 12,999 12,341 13,050 1.1 12,383 13,068 1.1Total 233 427 155 0.4 159,160 149,606 163,277 1.1 150,033 163,432 1.1

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 13,227 12,505 26,729 2.1 12,505 26,729 2.1Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 13,635 11,605 20,209 1.7 11,605 20,209 1.7Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0Total 0 0 0 0.0 3,270 1,416 2,583 1.8 1,416 2,583 1.8

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 1,568 2,048 4,645 2.3 2,048 4,645 2.3Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 7,391 4,973 5,108 1.0 4,973 5,108 1.0Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 1,485 366 181 0.5 366 181 0.5Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 169 18 8 0.5 18 8 0.5Total 0 0 0 0.0 10,613 7,405 9,942 1.3 7,405 9,942 1.3

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 1,464 545 690 1.3 545 690 1.3Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 10,953 11,867 9,746 0.8 11,867 9,746 0.8Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 5,540 6,321 5,087 0.8 6,321 5,087 0.8Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 679 235 276 1.2 235 276 1.2Total 0 0 0 0.0 18,635 18,967 15,798 0.8 18,967 15,798 0.8

7.2.4 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Finger millet Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03Agricultural Year.

District

Finger milletDry Season Wet Season

Total

7.2.3 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Sorghum Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

SorghumDry Season Wet Season

Total

District

PaddyDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.2 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Paddy Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

7.2.1 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Maize Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

MaizeDry Season Wet Season Total


Appendix II 158

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harveste

d (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 82 17 20 1.2 17 20 1.2Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0Total 0 0 0 0.0 82 17 20 1.2 17 20 1.2

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harveste

d (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 224 91 57 0.6 91 57 0.6Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 319 161 58 0.4 161 58 0.4Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 1,794 1,728 1,796 1.0 1,728 1,796 1.0Total 0 0 0 0.0 2,337 1,979 1,911 1.0 1,979 1,911 1.0

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harveste

d (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 29,632 12,483 15,556 1.2 12,483 15,556 1.2Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 12,877 6,817 10,050 1.5 6,817 10,050 1.5Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 10,885 6,165 13,975 2.3 6,165 13,975 2.3Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 535 146 238 1.6 146 238 1.6Total 0 0 0 0.0 53,929 25,611 39,818 1.6 25,611 39,818 1.6

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harveste

d (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 4,555 1,400 2,548 1.8 1,400 2,548 1.8Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 3,242 728 1,468 2.0 728 1,468 2.0Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 1,525 469 614 1.3 469 614 1.3Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 208 85 69 0.8 85 69 0.8Total 0 0 0 0.0 9,530 2,681 4,699 1.8 2,681 4,699 1.8

Dry Season Wet Season Total

District

CassavaDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.8 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Sweet Potatoes Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

Sweet Poatatoes

7.2.6 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Wheat Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

WheatDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.7 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Cassava Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03

7.2.5 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Bulrush Millet Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

Bulrush MilletDry Season Wet Season Total


Appendix II 159

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarveste

d (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 331 49 70 1.4 49 70 1.4Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 409 149 618 4.1 149 618 4.1Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 624 85 343 4.1 85 343 4.1Total 0 0 0 0.0 1,364 282 1,031 3.7 282 1,031 3.7

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarveste

d (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)


No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarveste

d (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)


No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarveste

d (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 24,142 10,255 5,210 0.0 0 0 0.0Sumbawanga Rural 118 240 24 0.1 30,821 17,142 8,029 0.5 17,382 8,053 0.5Nkansi 80 32 19 0.6 15,056 6,810 2,747 0.4 6,843 2,767 0.4Sumbawanga Urban 35 7 1 0.1 8,197 3,043 1,278 0.4 3,050 1,279 0.4Total 233 279 44 0.2 78,216 37,251 17,265 0.5 37,530 17,308 0.5

7.2.12 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Beans Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

BeansDry Season Wet Season Total

Coco YamsDry Season Wet Season Total

YamsDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.11 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Coco Yams Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

7.2.9 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) andIrish Potatoes Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

Irish PoatatoesDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.10 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Yams Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District


Appendix II 160

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)


No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)


No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)


No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)


Dry SeasonBambaranuts

7.2.13 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Cowpeas Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

CowpeasDry Season Wet Season Total

Total

7.2.14 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Green Gram Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

Green gramDry Season Wet Season

Total

7.2.15 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Bambaranuts Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

DistrictWet Season Total

7.2.16 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Field Peas Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

Field PeasDry Season Wet Season


Appendix II 161

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quan ity Harvested (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 134 27 24 0.9 27 24 0.9Sumbawanga Rural 118 288 142 0.5 11,912 7,646 3,976 0.5 7,934 4,118 0.5Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 3,757 1,938 973 0.5 1,938 973 0.5Sumbawanga Urban 35 7 4 0.6 4,156 1,852 984 0.5 1,859 988 0.5Total 153 295 146 0.5 19,960 11,463 5,957 0.5 11,758 6,103 0.5

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quan ity Harvested (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 134 27 24 0.9 27 24 0.9Sumbawanga Rural 118 288 142 0.5 11,912 7,646 3,976 0.5 7,934 4,118 0.5Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 3,757 1,938 973 0.5 1,938 973 0.5Sumbawanga Urban 35 7 4 0.6 4,156 1,852 984 0.5 1,859 988 0.5Total 153 295 146 0.5 19,960 11,463 5,957 0.5 11,758 6,103 0.5

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quan ityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 20,702 9,874 6,617 0.7 9,874 6,617 0.7Sumbawanga Rural 118 48 71 1.5 18,728 5,136 2,820 0.5 5,184 2,891 0.6Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 4,654 1,333 1,535 1.2 1,333 1,535 1.2Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 913 180 84 0.5 180 84 0.5Total 118 48 71 1.5 44,997 16,522 11,055 0.7 16,570 11,126 0.7

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quan ityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

QuantityHarvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)


7.2.17 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Sunflower Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

SunflowerDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.18 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Simsim Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District


7.2.19 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Simsim Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District


7.2.20 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Soya Beans Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

Soya BeansDry Season Wet Season Total


Appendix II 162

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 270 68 443 6.5 68 443 6.5Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 451 68 365 5.4 68 365 5.4Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 244 20 74 3.7 20 74 3.7Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 754 110 257 2.3 110 257 2.3Total 0 0 0 0.0 1,718 266 1,139 4.3 266 1,139 4.3

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 135 14 40 3.0 14 40 3.0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 326 60 451 7.6 60 451 7.6Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 234 60 59 1.0 60 59 1.0Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 338 42 189 4.5 42 189 4.5Total 0 0 0 0.0 1,032 176 739 4.2 176 739 4.2

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 803 173 331 1.9 173 331 1.9Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 1,715 245 1,122 4.6 245 1,122 4.6Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 164 35 33 0.9 35 33 0.9Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 818 129 651 5.0 129 651 5.0Total 0 0 0 0.0 3,499 583 2,136 3.7 583 2,136 3.7

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harveste

d (tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)


7.2.21 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Onions Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

OnionsDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.22 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Cabbage Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

CabbageDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.23 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Tomatoes Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

TomatoesDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.24 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Spinach Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

SpinachDry Season Wet Season Total


No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)


No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 536 52 87 1.7 52 87 1.7Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 452 60 11 0.2 60 11 0.2Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 169 13 11 0.9 13 11 0.9Total 0 0 0 0.0 1,157 125 110 0.9 125 110 0.9

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)


Yield (ton/ha)


No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)


7.2.25 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Carrot Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

CarrotDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.26 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Amaranthas Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

AmaranthasDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.27 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Pumpkins Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

PumpkinsDry Season Wet Season Total

7.2.28 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Cotton Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

CottonDry Season Wet Season Total


Appendix II 164

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

No.of H/holds

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Planted Area (ha)

Quantity Harvested

(tons)

Yield (ton/ha)

Mpanda 0 0 0 0.0 4,700 3,233 3,209 1.0 3,233 3,209 1.0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0.0 118 24 41 1.7 24 41 1.7Nkansi 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0Total 0 0 0 0.0 4,818 3,256 3,251 1.0 3,256 3,251 1.0

7.2.29 Number of Crop Growing Households, Planted Area (ha) and Tobacco Harevsted (tons) by season and District 2002/03 Agricultural Year.

District

TobaccoDry Season Wet Season Total


Appendix II 165

PERMANENT CROPS


Appendix II 166

District/CropPlanted Area

(ha)Area Harvested

(ha)Quantity

Harvested (tons) Yield (Kgs/ha)

Mangostine . . 12Pigeon Pea 162 162 40 247Palm Oil 138 72 2,063 28,598Coconut . . . 0Rubber . . 72 0Sugarcane 22 22 16 741Mpesheni . . 83 0Banana 694 299 5,978 20,005Avocado . . 9 0Mango 392 283 10,753 38,048Pawpaw 21 43 1,236 28,751Orange 81 630 1,343 2,133Grape Fruit 22 . . 0Mandarine/Tangerine . . 32 0Guava 29 38 363 9,512Lime/Lemon 3,866 5 41 7,581Total 5,429 1,554 22,040 14,182Pigeon Pea . 48 57 1,200Star Fruit . 0 207 0Palm Oil . . 289 0Coconut 2 0 37 0Coffee 24 24 7 296Sugarcane 1,356 3,946 43,680 11,069Banana 758 506 4,132 8,168Avocado . . 15 0Mango 155 79 4,180 52,749Pawpaw . . 12 0Pineapple . . 2 0Orange 36 26 160 6,072Mandarine/Tangerine . . . 0Guava 120 0 173 0Pears 6 5 1 247Lime/Lemon . . . 0Total 2,456 4,635 52,954 11,426Palm Oil . 8 54 7,008Coconut 16 16 14 911Sugarcane 74 57 681 11,873Jack Fruit . . 4 0Banana 66 82 602 7,338Mango . 2,020 638 316Pawpaw . 0 9 0Orange . 4 61 15,385Guava . 0 85 0Lime/Lemon . . 7 0Total 155 2,187 2,156 986

Nkansi

7.3 Production of Permanent Crops by Crop Type and District, Rukwa Region

Mpanda

Sumbawanga Rural


Appendix II 167

Sour Soup 7 0 . 0Coconut 42 42 10 247Coffee 10 . . 0Sugarcane 346 301 10,261 34,060Cardamon 3 3 2 504Mpesheni . 0 0 0Banana 272 124 759 6,138Avocado . . 1 0Orange 73 10 4 364Guava 5 8 28 3,438Plums . 0 3 0Pitches . 1 5 3,952Lime/Lemon 11 12 85 7,002Total 770 503 11,159 22,189Sour Soup 7 0 . 0Mangostine . . 12 0Pigeon Pea 162 210 98 464Star Fruit . 0 207 0Palm Oil 138 80 2,405 30,144Coconut 60 58 62 1,064Coffee 35 24 7 296Rubber . . 72 0Sugarcane 1,797 4,327 54,638 12,628Cardamon 3 3 2 504Jack Fruit . . 4 0Mpesheni . 0 83 0Banana 1,790 1,010 11,471 11,353Avocado . . 25 0Mango 547 2,382 15,571 6,537Pawpaw 21 43 1,257 29,248Pineapple . . 2 0Orange 190 671 1,569 2,339Grape Fruit 22 . . 0Mandarine/Ta . . 32 0Guava 155 46 649 14,025Plums . 0 3 0Pears 6 5 1 247Pitches . 1 5 3,952Lime/Lemon 3,877 18 133 7,554Total 8,810 8,879 88,310 9,946

Sumbawanga Urban

Total

cont……… Production of Permanent Crops by Crop Type and District, Rukwa Region


Appendix II 168

Crop Area Planted %Lime/Lemon 3,877 44Sugarcane 1,797 20Banana 1,790 20Mango 547 6Orange 190 2Pigeon Pea 162 2Guava 155 2Palm Oil 138 2Coconut 60 1Coffee 35 0Grape Fruit 22 0Pawpaw 21 0Sour Soup 7 0Pears 6 0Cardamon 3 0Mangostine 0 0Star Fruit 0 0Rubber 0 0Jack Fruit 0 0Mpesheni 0 0Avocado 0 0Pineapple 0 0Mandarine/Tangerine 0 0Plums 0 0Pitches 0 0Total 8,810 100

cont…..Area Planted by crop Type - Rukwa Region


Appendix II 169

cont…Planted Area with Fertiliser by Fertiliser Type and crop


Mostly Compost

Mostly Inorganic Fertilizer

No Fertilizer Applied Total

Sour Soup 0 0 0 7 7Pigeon Pea 0 0 0 162 162Palm Oil 0 0 0 138 138Coconut 42 0 0 17 60Coffee 0 0 0 35 35Sugarcane 444 4 0 1,349 1,797Cardamon 0 . 0 3 3Banana 121 3 0 1,665 1,790Mango 0 0 0 547 547Pawpaw 0 0 0 21 21Orange 0 0 0 190 190Grape Fruit 0 0 0 22 22Guava 3 0 0 152 155Pears 0 0 0 6 6Lime/Lemon 0 0 0 3,877 3,877Total 611 7 0 8,192 8,810

Mostly Farm YardManure Total

%Sour Soup 0 7 0.0Pigeon Pea 0 162 0.0Palm Oil 0 138 0.0Coconut 42 60 70.9Coffee 0 35 0.0Sugarcane 444 1,797 24.7Cardamon 0 3 0.0Banana 121 1,790 6.8Mango 0 547 0.0Pawpaw 0 21 0.0Orange 0 190 0.0Grape Fruit 0 22 0.0Guava 3 155 2.2Pears 0 6 0.0Lime/Lemon 0 3,877 0.0Total 611 8,810 6.9

Mostly Compos Total %Sour Soup 0 7 0.0Pigeon Pea 0 162 0.0Palm Oil 0 138 0.0Coconut 0 60 0Coffee 0 35 0Sugarcane 4 1,797 0Cardamon . 3 0Banana 3 1,790 0Mango 0 547 0Pawpaw 0 21 0Orange 0 190 0Grape Fruit 0 22 0Guava 0 155 0Pears 0 6 0Lime/Lemon 0 3,877 0.0Total 7 8,810 0.08




Appendix II 171

AGROPROCESSING


Appendix II 172

Number % Number % Number %Mpanda 57,127 96 2,407 4 59,533 100Sumbawanga Rural 66,890 97 2,045 3 68,935 100Nkansi 30,037 99 446 1 30,483 100Sumbawanga Urban 13,101 98 208 2 13,309 100Total 167,155 97 5,106 3 172,261 100

On Farm by Hand

On Farm by Machine

By Neighbour

Machine

By Co-operative

Union By Trader Other By Factory TotaMpanda 9,773 400 46,954 0 0 0 0 57,127Sumbawanga Rural 6,092 1,396 49,404 119 9,550 331 0 66,890Nkansi 4,073 1,227 24,416 0 0 0 321 30,037Sumbawanga Urban 270 375 12,422 0 35 0 0 13,101Total 20,209 3,397 133,195 119 9,585 331 321 167,155

8.0b Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products Produced During 2002/03 Agriculture Year By Method of Processing and District

District

Method of Processing

8.0a Number of Crop Growing Households reported to have Processed Farm Products by District, 2002/03 agricultural year.

Households That Households That Did Not TotalDistrict


Appendix II 173

On Farm by Hand

On Farm by Machine

By Neighbour Machine

By Co-operative

Union By TraderOn Large

Scale Farm Other By Factory Total

Maize 4,956 400 48,099 0 0 0 0 0 53,454Paddy 3,948 130 8,240 0 0 0 0 0 12,318Sorghum 261 0 1,173 0 0 0 0 0 1,434Finger Millet 0 0 798 0 0 0 0 0 798Cassava 12,313 135 3,861 0 0 0 0 0 16,310Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134Sunflower 0 0 134 0 0 0 0 0 134Groundnut 2,745 0 673 0 0 0 0 0 3,417Soya Beans 0 0 269 0 0 0 0 0 269Maize 2,989 1,637 47,050 119 9,441 0 230 0 61,466Paddy 5,213 929 3,127 0 0 0 316 0 9,584Sorghum 481 120 5,829 0 109 0 0 0 6,538Finger Millet 801 118 3,570 0 1,482 0 0 0 5,970Wheat 0 0 115 0 109 0 0 0 224Cassava 3,564 229 3,463 0 0 0 0 0 7,257Sweet Potato 691 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 691Beans 205 0 119 0 0 0 0 0 324Sunflower 466 0 1,042 0 3,090 0 0 117 4,714Groundnut 2,671 0 121 0 0 0 0 0 2,792Oil Palm 121 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 121Banana 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111Maize 1,091 1,238 23,775 0 0 0 0 0 26,104Paddy 1,035 81 2,078 0 0 0 0 0 3,194Sorghum 148 208 1,046 0 0 0 0 0 1,402Finger Millet 813 0 3,775 0 0 0 0 0 4,588Wheat 0 0 78 0 0 0 0 0 78Cassava 3,776 126 4,961 0 0 0 0 0 8,864Sweet Potato 158 0 82 0 0 0 0 0 240Sunflower 78 80 1,274 0 211 0 0 767 2,411Groundnut 3,556 0 473 0 0 0 0 0 4,030Maize 270 375 12,285 0 0 0 0 0 12,930Sorghum 0 0 99 0 0 0 0 0 99Finger Millet 68 0 310 0 0 0 0 0 378Wheat 0 102 621 0 0 0 0 0 723Cassava 65 0 98 0 0 0 0 0 162Cocoyams 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34Sunflower 0 34 676 0 136 34 35 103 1,017Groundnut 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65

8.1.1 AGROPROCESSING: Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products Produced During 2003/04 By Location of Processing and Crop

Crop


Mpanda

Sumbawanga Rural

Nkansi

Sumbawanga Urban


Appendix II 174

Neighbours

Local Market / Trade

StoreSecondary

Market

Marketing Co-

operativeFarmers

AssociationLarge Scale

FarmTrader at

Farm OtherDid not

Sell Total

Maize 3,769 120 253 0 0 0 1,070 0 48,243 53,454Paddy 534 254 954 0 0 0 1,409 110 9,057 12,318Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,434 1,434Finger Millet 403 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 394 798Cassava 1,347 0 0 0 0 0 268 0 14,695 16,310Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134Sunflower 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134 134Groundnut 539 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,744 3,417Soya Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 269Total 6,862 508 1,207 0 0 0 2,746 110 76,836 88,269Maize 2,044 121 230 0 353 0 115 0 58,602 61,466Paddy 593 357 111 0 0 0 0 0 8,522 9,584Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,538 6,538Finger Millet 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 0 5,855 5,970Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 224 224Cassava 239 0 118 0 0 0 89 0 6,810 7,257Sweet Potato 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 691 691Beans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 324 324Sunflower 921 462 0 0 0 0 349 0 2,982 4,714Groundnut 353 118 0 0 0 0 236 0 2,086 2,792Oil Palm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 121 121Banana 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111Total 4,262 1,058 460 0 353 0 905 0 92,754 99,792Maize 165 0 0 72 76 0 69 0 25,723 26,104Paddy 148 0 0 0 76 0 0 0 2,970 3,194Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,402 1,402Finger Millet 82 0 0 0 0 0 78 0 4,428 4,588Wheat 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 78Cassava 129 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 8,675 8,864Sweet Potato 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 240Sunflower 453 0 0 0 0 0 70 80 1,807 2,411Groundnut 152 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,877 4,030Total 1,208 0 0 132 151 0 217 80 49,123 50,912Maize 0 0 0 0 139 34 104 34 12,618 12,930Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99 99Finger Millet 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 344 378Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 723 723Cassava 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 162 162Cocoyams 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 34Sunflower 172 34 0 35 0 0 34 33 709 1,017Groundnut 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 65Total 172 66 0 35 139 34 172 67 14,724 15,409Maize 5,978 240 484 72 568 34 1,358 34 145,186 153,954Paddy 1,276 611 1,065 0 76 0 1,409 110 20,550 25,097Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,474 9,474Finger Millet 486 0 0 0 0 0 227 0 11,021 11,734Wheat 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 948 1,026Cassava 1,715 0 118 60 0 0 357 0 30,342 32,592Sweet Potato 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 931 931Cocoyams 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 34Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 324 458Sunflower 1,547 496 0 35 0 0 454 113 5,632 8,276Groundnut 1,045 284 0 0 0 0 236 0 8,740 10,305Oil Palm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 121 121Soya Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 269Banana 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111Total 12,505 1,631 1,667 167 643 34 4,040 257 233,437 254,382

Where Sold

Mpanda

Sumbawanga Rural

8.1.1 AGROPROCESSING: Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products Produced During 2003/04Agricultural Year By Location of Sale of Product and Crop

Nkansi

Sumbawanga Urban

Total

Crop


Appendix II 175

District Crop

On Farm by Hand

On Farm byMachine

By Neighbour

Machine

By Co-operative

Union By TraderOn Large

Scale Farm OtherBy

Factory TotalMaize 4,956 400 48,099 0 0 0 0 0 53,454Paddy 3,948 130 8,240 0 0 0 0 0 12,318Sorghum 261 0 1,173 0 0 0 0 0 1,434Finger Millet 0 0 798 0 0 0 0 0 798Cassava 12,313 135 3,861 0 0 0 0 0 16,310Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134Sunflower 0 0 134 0 0 0 0 0 134Groundnut 2,745 0 673 0 0 0 0 0 3,417Soya Beans 0 0 269 0 0 0 0 0 269Maize 2,989 1,637 47,050 119 9,441 0 230 0 61,466Paddy 5,213 929 3,127 0 0 0 316 0 9,584Sorghum 481 120 5,829 0 109 0 0 0 6,538Finger Millet 801 118 3,570 0 1,482 0 0 0 5,970Wheat 0 0 115 0 109 0 0 0 224Cassava 3,564 229 3,463 0 0 0 0 0 7,257Sweet Potatoes 691 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 691Beans 205 0 119 0 0 0 0 0 324Sunflower 466 0 1,042 0 3,090 0 0 117 4,714Groundnut 2,671 0 121 0 0 0 0 0 2,792Oil Palm 121 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 121Banana 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111Maize 1,091 1,238 23,775 0 0 0 0 0 26,104Paddy 1,035 81 2,078 0 0 0 0 0 3,194Sorghum 148 208 1,046 0 0 0 0 0 1,402Finger Millet 813 0 3,775 0 0 0 0 0 4,588Wheat 0 0 78 0 0 0 0 0 78Cassava 3,776 126 4,961 0 0 0 0 0 8,864Sweet Potatoes 158 0 82 0 0 0 0 0 240Sunflower 78 80 1,274 0 211 0 0 767 2,411Groundnut 3,556 0 473 0 0 0 0 0 4,030Maize 270 375 12,285 0 0 0 0 0 12,930Sorghum 0 0 99 0 0 0 0 0 99Finger Millet 68 0 310 0 0 0 0 0 378Wheat 0 102 621 0 0 0 0 0 723Cassava 65 0 98 0 0 0 0 0 162Cocoyams 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34Sunflower 0 34 676 0 136 34 35 103 1,017Groundnut 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65

8.1.1a AGROPROCESSING: Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products Produced During 2003/04 By Location of Processing and Crop


Mpanda

Sumbawanga Rural

Nkansi

Sumbawanga Urban


Appendix II 176

d / Human Consumpt

ionFuel for Cooking Sale Only

Animal Consumption Did Not Use Other Total

Maize 53,454 0 0 0 0 0 53,454Paddy 12,318 0 0 0 0 0 12,318Sorghum 1,434 0 0 0 0 0 1,434Finger Millet 798 0 0 0 0 0 798Cassava 16,175 0 0 0 135 0 16,310Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 134Sunflower 134 0 0 0 0 0 134Groundnut 2,878 539 0 0 0 0 3,417Soya Beans 135 134 0 0 0 0 269Total 87,461 674 0 0 135 0 88,269Maize 60,298 0 582 238 233 115 61,466Paddy 8,658 122 704 100 0 0 9,584Sorghum 6,425 0 0 113 0 0 6,538Finger Millet 5,735 0 235 0 0 0 5,970Wheat 224 0 0 0 0 0 224Cassava 6,897 0 239 0 121 0 7,257Sweet Potatoes 691 0 0 0 0 0 691Beans 324 0 0 0 0 0 324Sunflower 3,542 117 940 0 116 0 4,714Groundnut 2,203 0 589 0 0 0 2,792Oil Palm 121 0 0 0 0 0 121Banana 111 0 0 0 0 0 111Total 95,228 239 3,290 451 469 115 99,792Maize 26,104 0 0 0 0 0 26,104Paddy 3,049 0 73 0 73 0 3,194Sorghum 1,402 0 0 0 0 0 1,402Finger Millet 4,506 0 0 0 0 82 4,588Wheat 78 0 0 0 0 0 78Cassava 8,864 0 0 0 0 0 8,864Sweet Potatoes 240 0 0 0 0 0 240Sunflower 2,331 0 80 0 0 0 2,411Groundnut 4,030 0 0 0 0 0 4,030Total 50,604 0 153 0 73 82 50,912Maize 12,930 0 0 0 0 0 12,930Sorghum 99 0 0 0 0 0 99Finger Millet 378 0 0 0 0 0 378Wheat 723 0 0 0 0 0 723Cassava 162 0 0 0 0 0 162Cocoyams 0 0 0 0 34 0 34Sunflower 949 0 68 0 0 0 1,017Groundnut 65 0 0 0 0 0 65Total 15,307 0 68 0 34 0 15,409Maize 152,786 0 582 238 233 115 153,954Paddy 24,025 122 777 100 73 0 25,097Sorghum 9,361 0 0 113 0 0 9,474Finger Millet 11,416 0 235 0 0 82 11,734Wheat 1,026 0 0 0 0 0 1,026Cassava 32,098 0 239 0 255 0 32,592Sweet Potatoes 931 0 0 0 0 0 931Cocoyams 0 0 0 0 34 0 34Beans 458 0 0 0 0 0 458Sunflower 6,956 117 1,088 0 116 0 8,276Groundnut 9,177 539 589 0 0 0 10,305Oil Palm 121 0 0 0 0 0 121Soya Beans 135 134 0 0 0 0 269Banana 111 0 0 0 0 0 111Total 248,601 912 3,510 451 710 198 254,382

8.1.1 AGROPROCESSING: Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products Produced During 2003/04 Agricultural Year By Use of Product and Crop

Product Use

Mpanda

Sumbawanga Rural

Nkansi

Sumbawanga Urban

Total

Crop


Appendix II 177

NeighboursLocal Market / Trade Store

SecondaryMarket

Marketing Co-

operativeFarmers

Association

Large Scale Farm

Trader at Farm Other

Did not Sell Total

Maize 3,769 120 253 0 0 0 1,070 0 48,243 53,454Paddy 534 254 954 0 0 0 1,409 110 9,057 12,318Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,434 1,434Finger Millet 403 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 394 798Cassava 1,347 0 0 0 0 0 268 0 14,695 16,310Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134Sunflower 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 134 134Groundnut 539 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,744 3,417Soya Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 269Total 6,862 508 1,207 0 0 0 2,746 110 76,836 88,269Maize 2,044 121 230 0 353 0 115 0 58,602 61,466Paddy 593 357 111 0 0 0 0 0 8,522 9,584Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,538 6,538Finger Millet 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 0 5,855 5,970Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 224 224Cassava 239 0 118 0 0 0 89 0 6,810 7,257Sweet Potatoes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 691 691

Beans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 324 324Sunflower 921 462 0 0 0 0 349 0 2,982 4,714Groundnut 353 118 0 0 0 0 236 0 2,086 2,792Oil Palm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 121 121Banana 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111Total 4,262 1,058 460 0 353 0 905 0 92,754 99,792Maize 165 0 0 72 76 0 69 0 25,723 26,104Paddy 148 0 0 0 76 0 0 0 2,970 3,194Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,402 1,402Finger Millet 82 0 0 0 0 0 78 0 4,428 4,588Wheat 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 78Cassava 129 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 8,675 8,864Sweet Potatoes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 240

Sunflower 453 0 0 0 0 0 70 80 1,807 2,411Groundnut 152 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,877 4,030Total 1,208 0 0 132 151 0 217 80 49,123 50,912Maize 0 0 0 0 139 34 104 34 12,618 12,930Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99 99Finger Millet 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 344 378Wheat 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 723 723Cassava 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 162 162Cocoyams 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 34Sunflower 172 34 0 35 0 0 34 33 709 1,017Groundnut 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 65Total 172 66 0 35 139 34 172 67 14,724 15,409Maize 5,978 240 484 72 568 34 1,358 34 145,186 153,954Paddy 1,276 611 1,065 0 76 0 1,409 110 20,550 25,097Sorghum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,474 9,474Finger Millet 486 0 0 0 0 0 227 0 11,021 11,734Wheat 78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 948 1,026Cassava 1,715 0 118 60 0 0 357 0 30,342 32,592Sweet Potatoes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 931 931

Cocoyams 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 34Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 324 458Sunflower 1,547 496 0 35 0 0 454 113 5,632 8,276Groundnut 1,045 284 0 0 0 0 236 0 8,740 10,305Oil Palm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 121 121Soya Beans 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 269Banana 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111Total 12,505 1,631 1,667 167 643 34 4,040 257 233,437 254,382

8.1.1c AGROPROCESSING: Number of Crop Growing Households Reporting Processing of Farm Products Produced During 2003/04 Agricultural Year By Location of Sale of Product and Crop

Crop

Where Sold

Mpanda

Sumbawanga Rural

Nkansi

Sumbawanga Urban

Total


Appendix II 178

Flour / Meal Grain Oil Juice Rubber TotalMpanda 53,178 3,949 0 0 0 57,127Sumbawanga Rural 61,492 3,148 2,135 116 0 66,890Nkansi 27,574 1,911 481 0 71 30,037Sumbawanga Urban 12,827 69 135 69 0 13,101Total 155,071 9,077 2,751 185 71 167,155

Household / Human

Consumption Sale OnlyAnimal

Consumption Did Not Use O her TotalMpanda 57,127 0 0 0 0 57,127Sumbawanga Rural 65,380 691 351 354 115 66,890Nkansi 29,892 73 0 73 0 30,037Sumbawanga Urban 13,101 0 0 0 0 13,101Total 165,499 764 351 426 115 167,155

District

Product Use

8.1.1d AGRO PROCESSING: Number of Crop Growing Households By Main Product During 2002/03 Agriculture Year and District

District

Main Product

8.1.1e AGRO PROCESSING: Number of Crop Growing Households By Use of Primary Processed Product During 2002/03 Agriculture Year and District, Rukwa Region.


Appendix II 179

Neighbours

Local Market /

Trade Store

SecondaryMarket

Marketing Co-

operativeFarmers

Association

Large Scale Farm

Trader at Farm Other

Did not Sell Total

Mpanda 3,769 254 593 0 0 0 1,543 0 50,968 57,127Sumbawanga Rural 2,398 342 230 0 353 0 205 0 63,362 66,890Nkansi 366 0 0 132 76 0 0 80 29,383 30,037Sumbawanga Urban 34 0 0 0 139 34 104 34 12,756 13,101Total 6,568 596 823 132 568 34 1,851 115 156,468 167,155

Bran Cake Husk Juice Fiber Pulp Oil ShellNo by-

product Other TotalMpanda 19,440 134 6,481 0 133 134 0 1,209 29,461 134 57,127Sumbawanga Rural 9,309 3,907 4,360 0 0 350 121 817 48,028 0 66,890Nkansi 658 2,389 2,588 0 72 0 80 2,105 21,995 150 30,037Sumbawanga Urban 528 851 0 34 0 0 0 0 11,688 0 13,101Total 29,934 7,281 13,429 34 205 484 201 4,131 111,172 284 167,155

District

By Product

8.1.1f AGRO PROCESSING: Number of Crop Growing Households By Where Product Sold During 2002/03 Agriculture Year and District

District

Where Sold

8.1.1g AGRO PROCESSING: Number of Crop Growing Households By By-Product During 2002/03 Agriculture Year and District, Rukwa Region


Appendix II 181

MARKETING


Appendix II 182

TotalNumber % Number % Number

Mpanda 46,242 78 13,292 22 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 59,911 87 9,024 13 68,935Nkansi 24,110 79 6,374 21 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 10,835 81 2,474 19 13,309Total 141,097 81.9 31,164 18.1 172,261

Price Too Low

Production Insufficient

to SellMarket Too

Far

Farmers Association

ProblemsTrade Union

Problems

RegulatoryBoard

Problems OtherNot

applicable TotalMpanda 1,200 44,338 535 134 0 0 537 12,788 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 3,294 30,710 456 0 233 115 1,123 32,085 68,016Nkansi 1,408 15,404 0 0 0 82 958 12,510 30,362Sumbawanga Urban 547 6,545 0 0 69 0 35 6,078 13,275Total 6,450 96,997 992 134 303 198 2,652 63,461 171,186

Price Too Low

Production Insufficient

to SellMarket Too

Far

Farmers Association

ProblemsTrade Union

Problems

RegulatoryBoard

Problems OtherNot

applicable TotalMpanda 2.02 74.48 0.90 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.90 21.48 100.00Sumbawanga Rural 4.84 45.15 0.67 0.00 0.34 0.17 1.65 47.17 100.00Nkansi 4.64 50.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 3.15 41.20 100.00Sumbawanga Urban 4.12 49.30 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.00 0.26 45.79 100.00Total 3.77 56.66 0.58 0.08 0.18 0.12 1.55 37.07 100.00

10.1 Number of Crop Producing Households Reported to have Sold Agricultural Produce by District During 2002/03, Rukwa Region

Households that sold Number of Households

that Did not SellDistrict

10.2 Number of Crop Producing Households Reporting Not Selling Agricultural Products During 2003/04 By Reason for Not Selling Crops By District

District

Main Reasons for Not Selling Crops

District

Main Reasons for Not Selling Crops

10.3 Proportion of Households who Reported Not Selling Their Crops by District During 2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region.


Appendix II 183

IRRIGATION/EROSION CONTROL


Appendix II 184

TotalNumber of Household %

Number of Household %

Number of Household

Mpanda 3,343 6 56,190 94 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 8,564 12 60,371 88 68,935Nkansi 1,718 6 28,766 94 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 3,258 24 10,051 76 13,309Total 16,883 10 155,378 90 172,261

DistrictIrrigated

Area

Area Irrigated Land this

Year %Mpanda 915 844 92Sumbawanga Rural 9,278 5,487 59Nkansi 799 462 58Sumbawanga Urban 1,588 730 46Total 12,578 7,523 60

River Lake Dam Well Borehole Canal TotalMpanda 1,877 0 0 1,065 401 0 3,343Sumbawanga Rural 7,058 0 344 592 0 571 8,564Nkansi 788 148 0 474 0 307 1,718Sumbawanga Urban 1,502 0 0 1,005 35 715 3,258Total 11,225 148 344 3,137 435 1,593 16,883

GravityHand

Bucket Hand Pump Motor Pump Other TotalMpanda 1,204 2,006 133 0 0 3,343Sumbawanga Rural 7,296 1,150 0 0 118 8,564Nkansi 1,099 541 0 78 0 1,718Sumbawanga Urban 1,429 1,277 0 68 484 3,258Total 11,028 4,974 133 146 602 16,883

Table 11.1: Number and Percent of Households Reporting Use of Irrigation During 2002/03 Agriculture Year By District

Households Practicing Irrigation

Households not Practicing Irrigation

11.4: Number of Households Using Irrigation By Method of Irrigation of Obtaining Water By District

District

District

Method of Obtaining Water

11.2: Area (ha)of Irrigated and Non Irrigatable (ha) Land By District

11.3: Number of Households Using Irrigation By Source of Irrigation Water During 2003/04 Agricultural Year By District

District

Source of Irrigation Water


Appendix II 185

Flood SprinklerWater Hose

Bucket / Watering

Can TotalMpanda 1,206 0 133 2,004 3,343Sumbawanga Rural 7,305 0 115 1,144 8,564Nkansi 1,027 76 0 615 1,718Sumbawanga Urban 1,843 67 0 1,348 3,258Total 11,381 143 248 5,111 16,883% 67 1 1 30 100

Number % Number % Number %Mpanda 6,967 12 52,566 88 59,533 100Sumbawanga Rural 5,546 8 63,389 92 68,935 100Nkansi 1,549 5 28,934 95 30,483 100Sumbawanga Urban 2,143 16 11,166 84 13,309 100Total 16,206 9 156,055 91 172,261 100

Terraces

Erosion Contro Bunds

Gabions / Sandbag

Vetiver Grass

Tree Belts

Water Harvesting

BundsDrainage

Ditches Dam TotaMpanda . 105,686 . . 532 28,191 2,000 . 136,409Sumbawanga Rural . 111,614 . . 595 8,675 2,315 723 123,923Nkansi 0 3,452 . . . 73 606 234 4,365Sumbawanga Urban 136 2,414 . 299 208 964 1,783 . 5,804Total 136 223,167 . 299 1,336 37,903 6,705 957 270,502

11.7 EROSION CONTROL: Number of Erosion Control Harvesting Structures By Type and District

District

Type of Erosion Control

11.5 IRRIGATION: Number of Households Using Irrigation By Method of Irrigation Application By District

District

Method of Application

Total

11.6: IRRIGATION: Number of Households With Erosion Control/Water Harvesting Facilities on their Land By District

District

Does the Household Have Any Erosion Control/Water Harvesting Have facility Does Not Have


Appendix II 187

ACCESS TO INPUTS


Appendix II 188

No. of Households % No. of Households %

Mpanda 9,261 16 50,273 84 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 454 1 68,363 99 68,817Nkasi 439 1 29,964 99 30,403Sumbawanga Urban 949 7 12,360 93 13,309Total 11,103 6 160,960 94 172,063


Mpanda 2,273 4 57,260 96 59,533Sumbawanga Rur 9,319 14 59,616 86 68,935Nkasi 2,940 10 27,623 90 30,563Sumbawanga Urb 5,434 41 7,875 59 13,309Total 19,966 12 152,375 88 172,341


Mpanda 666 1 58,867 99 59,533Sumbawanga Rur 1,406 2 67,529 98 68,935Nkasi 686 2 29,797 98 30,483Sumbawanga Urb 540 4 12,769 96 13,309Total 3,298 2 168,962 98 172,261

Table 12.1.1 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households Using Chemical Fertilizer by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Total Crop Growing

Households

Table 12.1.2 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households Using Farm Yard Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

NOT Using Chemical FertilizersUsing Chemical Fertilizers

District

Farm Yard Manure NOT Using Farm Yard Manure Total Crop Growing

Households

Table 12.1.3 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households Using COMPOST Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Using COMPOST ManureNOT Using COMPOST

Manure Total Crop Growing

Households


Appendix II 189

No. of Households % No. of Households %Mpanda 4,699 8 54,834 92 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 6,263 9 62,672 91 68,935Nkasi 1,504 5 28,980 95 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 7,038 53 6,271 47 13,309Total 19,503 11 152,758 89 172,261

No. of Households % No. of Households %Mpanda 269 0 59,264 100 59,533Sumbawanga Rur 0 0 68,935 100 68,935Nkasi 0 0 30,483 100 30,483Sumbawanga Urb 0 0 13,309 100 13,309Total 269 0 171,991 100 172,261

No. of Households % No. of Households %Mpanda 5,977 10 53,556 90 59,533Sumbawanga Rur 1,869 3 67,067 97 68,935Nkasi 388 1 30,096 99 30,483Sumbawanga Urb 784 6 12,525 94 13,309Total 9,018 5 163,243 95 172,261

Table 12.1.6 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households using Improved Seeds by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Using Improved Seeds OT Using Improved SeedTotal

number of Growing

Households

Table 12.1.5 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households Using Herbicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Using Herbicides

Number of Agricultural Households NOT Using

Herbicides

Total number of Growing

Households

Table 12.1.4 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households Using Pesticides/Fungicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Using Insecticide/Fungicides

NOT Using Pesticides/Fungicides

Total number of Growing

Households


Appendix II 190

Co-operativeLocal

Farmers Group

Local Marke / Trade

Store

SecondaryMarke

Crop Buyers

Not applicable Total

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 2,694 5 395 1 4,691 8 134 0 1,347 2 50,273 84 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0 454 1 0 0 0 0 68,363 99 68,817Nkasi 0 0 0 0 439 1 0 0 0 0 29,964 99 30,403Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0 949 7 0 0 0 0 12,360 93 13,309Total 2,694 2 395 0 6,533 4 134 0 1,347 1 160,960 94 172,063

Local Market / Trade

Store

SecondaryMarket Total

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,735 3 403 1 0 0 57,260 96 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 233 0 224 0 121 0 0 0 0 0 4,334 6 4,408 6 0 0 59,616 86 68,935Nkasi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 78 0 1,422 5 1,283 4 157 1 27,623 90 30,563Sumbawanga Urb 0 0 35 0 70 1 34 0 0 0 3,114 23 2,182 16 0 0 7,875 59 13,309Total 368 0 258 0 190 0 34 0 78 0 10,605 6 8,275 5 157 0 152,375 88 172,341

Local Marke / Trade

Store

Locally Produce

d by Neighbour Not applicable

Number % Number % Number % Number %Mpanda 134 0 532 1 0 0 58,867 99 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 476 1 692 1 238 0 67,529 98 68,935Nkasi 0 0 611 2 76 0 29,797 98 30,483Sumbawanga Urb 68 1 472 4 0 0 12,769 96 13,309Total 679 0 2,306 1 314 0 168,962 98 172,261

Not applicable

Table 12.1.9 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Source of COMPOST Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Total

Table 12.1.7 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Source of Chemical Fertilizer by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Table 12.1.8 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Source of Farm Yard Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Local Farmers Group Large Scale Farm Locally Produced by

HouseholdCo-operative NeighbourOther


Appendix II 191

DistrictCo-

operative

Loca Farmers

Group

Loca Market /

Trade StoreSecondary

MarketCrop

Buyers

Large Scale Farm

Locally Produced by

Household NeighbourNot

applicable TotalNumber % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number

Mpanda 2,155 4 261 0 1,611 3 0 0 672 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,834 92 59,533Sumbawanga Rur 0 0 115 0 4,141 6 230 0 0 0 0 0 1,186 2 591 1 62,672 91 68,935Nkasi 0 0 0 0 1,106 4 316 1 0 0 82 0 0 0 0 0 28,980 95 30,483Sumbawanga Urb 34 0 101 1 4,445 33 69 1 35 0 0 0 2,250 17 103 1 6,271 47 13,309Total 2,190 1 477 0 11,303 7 616 0 706 0 82 0 3,436 2 694 0 152,758 89 172,261

District

Loca Market /

Trade Store

Crop Buyers


Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 135 0 135 0 59,264 100 59,533Sumbawanga Rur 0 0 0 0 68,935 100 68,935Nkasi 0 0 0 0 30,483 100 30,483Sumbawanga Urb 0 0 0 0 13,309 100 13,309Total 135 0 135 0 171,991 100 172,261

DistrictCo-

operative

Loca Farmers

Group

Loca Market /

Trade StoreDevelopment

ProjectCrop

Buyers

Large Scale Farm Neighbour


Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 1,886 3 261 0 2,626 4 128 0 1,077 2 0 0 0 0 53,556 90 59,533Sumbawanga Rur 0 0 0 0 1,354 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 515 1 67,067 97 68,935Nkasi 0 0 0 0 306 1 0 0 0 0 82 0 0 0 30,096 99 30,483Sumbawanga Urb 0 0 0 0 750 6 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 12,525 94 13,309Total 1,886 1 261 0 5,036 3 128 0 1,111 1 82 0 515 0 163,243 95 172,261

Table 12.1.11 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Source of Herbicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Table 12.1.10 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Source of Insecticide/Fungicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Table 12.1.12 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households Source of Improved Seeds by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


Appendix II 192

DistrictLess than

1 kmBetween 1

and 3 kmBetween 3 and 10 km

Between 10 and 20 km

20 km and Above Total

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 941 10 1,209 13 2,551 28 2,955 32 1,605 17 9,261Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 454 100 454Nkasi 0 0 297 68 0 0 72 16 70 16 439Sumbawanga Urban 67 7 69 7 543 57 169 18 100 11 949Total 1,008 9 1,576 14 3,094 28 3,195 29 2,230 20 11,103

DistrictLess than

1 kmBetween 1

and 3 kmBetween 3 and 10 km


Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 2,004 88 135 6 0 0 134 6 2,273Sumbawanga Rural 6,441 69 1,848 20 1,031 11 0 0 9,319Nkasi 2,453 83 243 8 165 6 78 3 2,940Sumbawanga Urban 4,385 81 612 11 437 8 0 0 5,434Total 15,283 77 2,838 14 1,632 8 213 1 19,966

Table 12.1.14 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Distance to Source of Farm Yard Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Table 12.1.13 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Distance to Source of Chemical Fertil


Appendix II 193

Less than 1 km

Between 1 and 3 km

Number % Number %Mpanda 666 100 0 0 666Sumbawanga Rural 1,297 92 0 0 1,297Nkasi 611 89 76 11 686Sumbawanga Urban 371 69 33 6 405Total 2,946 89 109 3 3,054

Less than 1 km

Between 1 and 3 km

Between 3 and 10 km

Between 10 and 20 km


Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 135 2 940 16 1,210 20 1,471 25 2,221 37 5,977Sumbawanga Rur 317 17 107 6 542 29 0 0 903 48 1,869Nkasi 0 0 0 0 0 0 153 40 234 60 388Sumbawanga Urb 0 0 34 4 475 61 68 9 208 27 784Total 452 5 1,081 12 2,226 25 1,693 19 3,566 40 9,018

Less than 1 km

Between 1 and 3 km

Between 3 and 10 km

Between 10 and 20

km

20 km and

Above TotalNumber % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number

Mpanda 135 3 1,209 26 809 17 1,345 29 1,201 26 4,699Sumbawanga Rur 1,296 21 460 7 471 8 468 7 3,569 57 6,263Nkasi 149 10 82 5 407 27 0 0 867 58 1,504Sumbawanga Urb 1,734 25 581 8 2,447 35 862 12 1,414 20 7,038Total 3,313 17 2,332 12 4,134 21 2,675 14 7,050 36 19,503

District

Table 12.1.15 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Distance to Source of COMPOST Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

TotaNumber

District

Table 12.1.16 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Distance to Source of Insecticides/Fungicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Table 12.1.18 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Distance to Source of Improved Seeds by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District


Appendix II 194

Total

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 1,574 3 36,226 72 778 1.5 0 0.0 269 0.5 11,299 22.5 128 0.3 50,273Sumbawanga Rural 10,835 16 43,471 64 1,204 1.8 109 0.2 1,769 2.6 10,540 15.4 435 0.6 68,363Nkasi 6,028 20 19,705 66 78 0.3 0 0.0 1,935 6.5 2,218 7.4 0 0.0 29,964Sumbawanga Urban 311 3 11,614 94 34 0.3 0 0.0 70 0.6 297 2.4 34 0.3 12,360Total 18,748 12 111,016 69 2,094 1.3 109 0.1 4,043 2.5 24,353 15.1 597 0.4 160,960

Total

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 26,484 46 3,994 7 11,704 20 1,210 2 2,945 5 10,520 18 135 0 270 0 57,260Sumbawanga Rural 5,333 9 4,586 8 28,681 48 10,556 18 2,454 4 6,848 11 0 0 1,158 2 59,616Nkasi 4,938 18 2,021 7 14,055 51 1,538 6 2,251 8 2,494 9 0 0 327 1 27,623Sumbawanga Urban 2,676 34 912 12 2,297 29 1,853 24 69 1 0 0 0 0 68 1 7,875Total 39,431 26 11,513 8 56,736 37 15,157 10 7,719 5 19,861 13 135 0 1,823 1 152,375

Total

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 1,733 3 4,137 7 18,643 32 2,273 4 20,896 35 10,916 19 0 0 269 0 58,867Sumbawanga Rur 2,950 4 2,838 4 20,937 31 7,945 12 24,297 36 6,822 10 1,049 2 691 1 67,529Nkasi 3,751 13 1,761 6 8,556 29 384 1 12,490 42 2,691 9 0 0 163 1 29,797Sumbawanga Urb 2,011 16 905 7 3,002 24 1,411 11 5,239 41 202 2 0 0 0 0 12,769Total 10,445 6 9,642 6 51,138 30 12,013 7 62,922 37 20,631 12 1,049 1 1,123 1 168,962

Input is of No Use

Locally Produced by Household

Other

Other

Table 12.1.27 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using COMPOST Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Not Available Price Too High No Money to Buy

Too Much Labour

RequiredDo not Know How to Use

Table 12.1.26 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using Farm Yard Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District


Too Much Labour

RequiredDo not Know How to Use Input is of No Use

Locally Produced by Household

Table 12.1.25 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using Chemical Fertilizer by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District


Labour

RequiredDo not Know How to Use Input is of No Use Other


Appendix II 195

TotalNumber % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number

Mpanda 8,422 15 40,479 74 1,040 2 245 0 269 0 4,252 8 0 0 128 0 54,834Sumbawanga Rural 14,759 24 38,491 61 1,169 2 352 1 3,005 5 4,212 7 0 0 683 1 62,672Nkasi 7,282 25 17,512 60 235 1 242 1 2,347 8 1,363 5 0 0 0 0 28,980Sumbawanga Urban 1,142 18 4,489 72 103 2 0 0 66 1 403 6 35 1 34 1 6,271Total 31,605 21 100,971 66 2,547 2 838 1 5,687 4 10,230 7 35 0 845 1 152,758

TotalNumber % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number

Mpanda 12,565 21 40,102 68 1,042 2 0 0 674 1 4,500 8 381 1 59,264Sumbawanga Rural 18,549 27 28,428 41 941 1 235 0 15,179 22 5,032 7 571 1 68,935Nkasi 8,833 29 17,691 58 244 1 0 0 2,262 7 1,453 5 0 0 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 173 1 9,195 69 208 2 0 0 2,359 18 1,339 10 34 0 13,309Total 40,121 23 95,416 55 2,435 1 235 0 20,475 12 12,324 7 986 1 171,991

TotalNumber % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number

Mpanda 8,739 16 40,567 76 638 1 0 0 134 0 3,082 6 134 0 262 0 53,556Sumbawanga Rural 23,987 36 37,828 56 934 1 235 0 1,861 3 1,757 3 0 0 464 1 67,067Nkasi 6,799 23 19,916 66 395 1 240 1 1,483 5 1,102 4 161 1 0 0 30,096Sumbawanga Urban 2,640 21 9,302 74 172 1 35 0 69 1 169 1 70 1 69 1 12,525Total 42,165 26 107,613 66 2,138 1 510 0 3,547 2 6,109 4 365 0 796 0 163,243

Locally Produced by Household Other

Table 12.1.30 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using Improved Seeds by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

DistrictNot Available Price Too High

No Money to Buy

Too Much Labour Required

Do not Know How to Use Input is of No Use

Other

Table 12.1.29 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using Herbicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


No Money to Buy


Do not Know How to Use Input is of No Use

Table 12.1.28 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Reason for NOT using Pesticides/Fungicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


No Money to Buy


Do not Know How to Use

Locally Produced by Household OtherInput is of No Use


Appendix II 196

Total

Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 3,086 33 5,639 61 536 6 0 0 9,261Sumbawanga Rural 117 26 117 26 220 49 0 0 454Nkasi 70 16 369 84 0 0 0 0 439Sumbawanga Urban 239 25 576 61 68 7 66 7 949Total 3,512 32 6,701 60 824 7 66 1 11,103

Tota

Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 1,208 53 930 41 135 6 0 0 2,273Sumbawanga Rural 3,141 34 5,423 58 648 7 107 1 9,319Nkasi 1,039 35 1,822 62 78 3 0 0 2,940Sumbawanga Urban 1,844 34 3,452 64 138 3 0 0 5,434Total 7,233 36 11,627 58 999 5 107 1 19,966

Tota

Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 0 0 539 81 0 0 128 19 666Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 1,182 84 224 16 0 0 1,406Nkasi 0 0 611 89 76 11 0 0 686Sumbawanga Urban 35 6 370 69 135 25 0 0 540Total 35 1 2,702 82 434 13 128 4 3,298

Table 12.1.31 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of Chemical Fertilizer by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Excellent Good Average Poor

Table 12.1.32 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of Farm Yard Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District


Table 12.1.33 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of COMPOST Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District



Appendix II 197

TotalNumber % Number % Number % Number

Mpanda 1,744 37 2,955 63 0 0 4,699

Sumbawanga Rural 1,024 16 4,293 69 946 15 6,263Nkasi 230 15 1,274 85 0 0 1,504

Sumbawanga Urban 2,239 32 4,595 65 204 3 7,038Total 5,236 27 13,116 67 1,150 6 19,503

TotalNumber % Number

Mpanda 269 100 269Total 269 100 269

Total TotalNumber % Number % Number % Number % Number Number % Number % Number

Mpanda 932 16 5,045 84 0 0 0 0 5,977 Mpanda 14,215 24 45,319 76 59,533

Sumbawanga Rural 352 19 1,277 68 120 6 120 6 1,869Sumbawanga Rural 10,256 15 58,561 85 68,817

Nkasi 70 18 317 82 0 0 0 0 388 Nkasi 3,265 11 27,139 89 30,403

Sumbawanga Urban 309 39 440 56 35 4 0 0 784Sumbawanga Urban 1,847 14 11,462 86 13,309

Total 1,665 18 7,079 78 155 2 120 1 9,018 Total 29,582 17 142,480 83 172,063

Table 12.1.37 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year Chemical Fertilizer by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

DistrictNumber of Number of

Table 12.1.34 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of Pesticides/Fungicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

DistrictExcellent Good Average

DistrictExcellent

Table 12.1.35 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of Herbicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Table 12.1.36 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households and Quality of Improved Seeds by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

PoorDistrict

Excellent Good Average


Appendix II 198

Tota

Number % Number % NumberMpanda 2,794 5 56,739 95 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 19,435 28 49,500 72 68,935Nkasi 6,710 22 23,854 78 30,563Sumbawanga Urban 7,162 54 6,147 46 13,309Total 36,102 21 136,239 79 172,341

Tota

Number % Number % NumberMpanda 1,060 2 58,474 98 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 4,615 7 64,321 93 68,935Nkasi 1,470 5 29,013 95 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 813 6 12,496 94 13,309Total 7,958 5 164,302 95 172,261

Table 12.1.39 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year COMPOST Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Agricultural Households

With Plan to use Next Year

COMPOST Manure

Agricultural Households With NO Plan to use

Next Year COMPOST Manure

Table 12.1.38 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year Farm Yard Manure by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Agricultural Households

With Plan to use Next Year Farm

Yard Manure

Agricultural Households With NO Plan to use Next Year Farm

Yard Manure


Appendix II 199

Total


Total

Number % Number % NumberMpanda 1,185 2 58,348 98 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 1,624 2 67,312 98 68,935Nkasi 705 2 29,779 98 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 35 0 13,274 100 13,309Total 3,549 2 168,712 98 172,261

Tota


Table 12.1.42 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households using Improved

District

Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year Improved Seeds

Agricultural Households With NO Plan to use Next Year

Improved Seeds

Table 12.1.40 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year Pesticides/Fungicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next

Year Pesticides/Fungicides


Pesticides/Fungicides

Table 12.1.41 ACCESS TO INPUTS: Number of Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next Year Herbicides by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Agricultural Households With Plan to use Next

Year Herbicides


Herbicides


Appendix II 201

AGRICULTURE CREDITS


Appendix II 202

Number % Number %Mpanda 4,552 94 270 6 4,821Sumbawanga Rural 2,146 95 116 5 2,261Nkansi 0 0 80 100 80Sumbawanga Urban 135 67 67 33 202Total 6,833 93 533 7 7,365% 93 7

District

Family, Friend and

Relative

Co-operative

Trader / Trade Store

Private Individual

Religious Organisation / NGO / Project

Total

Mpanda 653 2,685 1,616 0 0 4,954Sumbawanga Rural 1,174 0 966 121 0 2,261Nkansi 80 0 0 0 0 80Sumbawanga Urban 34 0 34 34 101 202Total 1,941 2,685 2,616 155 101 7,499% 26 36 35 2 1 100

13.2c: AGRICULTURE CREDIT: Number of Households Receiving Credit By Source of Credit By District

Total

13.2a: AGRICULTURE CREDIT: Number of Households Receiving Credit By Sex of Household Member Receiving Credit By District

DistrictMale Female


Appendix II 203

District

Not needed

Not available

Did not want to go

into debt

Interest rate/cost too high

Did not know how to get

credit

Difficult bureaucracy procedure

Credit granted too late

Don't know about credit

Tota

Mpanda 2,395 10,223 5,567 2,355 19,074 3,151 0 11,814 54,579Sumbawanga Rural 2,296 27,400 11,635 1,772 11,677 567 115 11,211 66,674Nkansi 999 9,302 2,750 881 9,917 313 76 6,165 30,403Sumbawanga Urban 508 4,732 1,947 654 2,912 444 202 1,706 13,107Total 6,198 51,657 21,899 5,662 43,580 4,476 393 30,897 164,762

District Labour Seeds Fertilizers Agro-chemicals

Tools / Equipment

Irrigation Structures Other

Mpanda 388 2,285 3,898 2,143 1,078 537 0Sumbawanga Rural 2,025 0 0 0 0 0 237Nkansi 80 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Urban 101 68 68 67 101 0 34Total Credits 2,594 2,353 3,966 2,210 1,178 537 270

13.1a: AGRICULTURE CREDIT: Number of Households Receiving Credit By Reason for Not Using Credit By District

13.1b: AGRICULTURE CREDIT: Number of Credits Received By Main Purpose of Credit and District


Appendix II 205

TREE FARMING AND AGROFORESTRY


Appendix II 206

Eucalyptus Spp Senna Spp Gravellis

AfzeliaQuanzens

s

Jakaranda Spp

Acacia Spp

Cyprus Spp

Trichilia Spp Pinus Spp

Azadritachta

Spp

Melicia excelsa

Casurina

Equisetfilia

Tectona Grandis

Leucena Spp

Syszygium Spp

Calophylum Inophyllum Tota

342 1,480 419 . 3 . . . . 2 5 . . . . . 2,2513,487 22 . . 23 8 . . 3 6 . . . . 2 . 3,5512,593 276 24 . 152 . 69 10 10 . . 5 5 2 . 2 3,148

33,724 . 10 300 67 82 16 . . . . . . . . . 34,19940,146 1,778 453 300 245 90 85 10 13 8 5 5 5 2 2 2 43,149

93 4 1 1 1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0

Number of

Househods

Number of Trees

Number of Household

s

Number of Trees

Number of

Households

Number of Trees

Number of

Households

Number of Trees

Mpanda 61 925 43 1,016 2 310 106 2,251Sumbawanga Rural 33 531 11 1,813 11 1,207 55 3,551Nkansi 39 462 5 107 11 2,579 55 3,148Sumbawanga Urban 49 2,354 22 2,091 65 29,754 136 34,199Total 182 4,272 81 5,027 89 33,850 352 43,149

Planks / Timber Poles Charcoa

Fuel for Wood Shade Medicinal Other Total

Mpanda 1 9 0 41 60 1 0 112Sumbawanga Rural 34 11 0 4 9 2 0 60Nkansi 17 1 0 27 15 1 1 62Sumbawanga Urban 84 16 1 42 2 0 0 145Total 136 37 1 114 86 4 1 379

14.3: ON FARM TREE PLANTING: Main Use of Trees By District

District

Main Use

14.1: ON FARM TREE PLANTING: Number of Planted Trees By Species and District, Rukwa Region

14.2 TREE FARMING: Number of Households with Planted Trees on their Land and and Number of Trees by Planting Location and District

District

Mostly on Field / Plot Boundaries

Mostly Scattered in Field

Mostly in Plantation / Coppice Total


Appendix II 207

0-9 1-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 60+ TotaMpanda 2,281 3,198 2,618 378 0 131 8,606Sumbawanga Rural 4,364 1,339 1,554 628 0 2,555 10,440Nkansi 6,357 619 81 493 329 326 8,205Sumbawanga Urban 5,592 1,950 996 611 136 0 9,285Total 18,593 7,105 5,250 2,110 465 3,012 36,536% 51 19 14 6 1 8 100

Planks / Timber Poles Charcoal Fuel for

Wood Shade Medicina Other Tota


Planks / Timber Poles Charcoal Fuel for

Wood Shade Medicinal Other Total


14.6: TREE FARMING: Number of responses by main use of planted trees and District for the 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region

District

Main Use

14.5: TREE FARMING: Number of responses by second use of planted trees and District for the 2002/03

DistrictSecond Use

14.4: TREE FARMING: Number of Households By Distance to Community Planted Forest (Km) By District

DistrictDistance to Community Planted Forest (km)


Appendix II 209

CROP EXTENSION


Appendix II 210



TotalNumber % Number % Number % Number % Number

Mpanda 667 6 6,021 53 3,023 27 1,640 14 11,351Sumbawanga Rural 1,661 12 7,930 58 4,151 30 0 0 13,742Nkansi 225 12 927 51 682 37 0 0 1,834Sumbawanga Urban 103 5 1,660 83 203 10 35 2 2,002Total 2,657 9 16,539 57 8,059 28 1,675 6 28,930

Total

Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 8,141 73 2,405 21 135 1 401 4 135 1 11,217 81 11,217Sumbawanga Rural 13,037 94 350 3 117 1 355 3 0 0 13,859 80 13,859Nkansi 1,596 87 82 4 78 4 78 4 0 0 1,834 94 1,834Sumbawanga Urban 1,761 90 138 7 0 0 33 2 35 2 1,967 85 1,967Total 24,535 85 2,975 10 330 1 867 3 170 1 28,877 83 28,877

15.1 CROP EXTENSION" Number of Households Receiving ExtensionMessages By District

District

District

15.1 CROP EXTENSION: Number of Households By Quality of Extension Services By District During the2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region

Households Receiving Extension

Advice

Households No Receiving Extension

Advice

Very Good Good Average Poor

District

15.3: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Source of Crop Extension Messages By District During 2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region

GovernmentNGO /

Developmen Project

Cooperative Large Scale Farm Other Not


Appendix II 211

GovernmentNGO /

Development Projec

CooperativeLarge Scale Farm

Other

Total Househol

ds receiving

advice

Total Number of

Households

% of total number of

households

Mpanda 6,231 2,151 135 133 135 8,785 59,533 15Sumbawanga Rural 11,794 238 0 120 0 12,152 68,935 18Nkansi 1,362 82 78 78 0 1,601 30,483 5Sumbawanga Urban 1,693 138 0 33 0 1,864 13,309 14Total 21,080 2,610 213 364 135 24,402 172,261 14

GovernmentNGO /

Development Projec


Not applica

bleTotal

Total Number of

Households


households

Mpanda 2,112 1,346 134 0 0 3,591 59,533 6Sumbawanga Rural 8,108 119 117 116 120 8,579 68,935 12Nkansi 387 82 78 0 70 618 30,483 2Sumbawanga Urban 1,218 241 0 33 0 1,492 13,309 11Total 11,825 1,787 329 149 190 14,280 172,261 8

GovernmentNGO /

Development Projec


Not applica

bleTotal

Total Number of

Households


households

Mpanda 1,587 269 0 0 0 1,857 59,533 3Sumbawanga Rural 7,115 119 117 116 115 7,580 68,935 11Nkansi 527 82 78 0 0 687 30,483 2Sumbawanga Urban 881 207 0 0 0 1,088 13,309 8Total 10,110 676 195 116 115 11,212 172,261 7

15.4: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receiving Advice on Plant Spacing By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.

District

Erosion Control

15.6: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receiving Advice on the Erosion Control By Source of Messages By District Rukwa Region

District

Use of Agrochemicals

District

Spacing

15.5: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receiving Advice on the Use of Agro-chemicals By Source of Messages By District Rukwa Region


Appendix II 212

GovernmentNGO /

Development Project

Cooperative Large Scale Farm Other Total

Total Number of

Households


households

Mpanda 1,460 0 135 0 0 1,594 59,533 3Sumbawanga Rural 10,561 357 0 361 0 11,279 68,935 16Nkansi 452 82 78 0 0 612 30,483 2Sumbawanga Urban 1,217 308 0 35 35 1,594 13,309 12Total 13,689 746 213 396 35 15,080 172,261 9

GovernmentNGO /

Development Project

Cooperative Large Scale Farm


Total Number of

Households


households


GovernmentNGO /

Development Project



Total Number of

Households


households


15.7: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of OrganicFertilisers By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.

District

District

District

Organic Fertilizer Use

Inorganic Fertilizer Use

Use of Improved Seed

15.9: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of Improved seeds By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.

15.8: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of Inorganic Fertilisers By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.


Appendix II 213

GovernmentNGO /

Development Project


Total Number of

Households


households

Mpanda 402 0 0 402 59,533 1Sumbawanga Rural 1,559 0 122 1,681 68,935 2Nkansi 152 70 0 222 30,483 1Sumbawanga Urban 0 35 33 68 13,309 1Total 2,113 105 155 2,373 172,261 1

GovernmentNGO /

Development Project

Cooperative Large Scale Farm Other Total

Total Number of

Households


households

Mpanda 529 404 0 133 0 1,066 59,533 2Sumbawanga Rural 4,520 119 0 120 0 4,758 68,935 7Nkansi 451 0 78 0 0 529 30,483 2Sumbawanga Urban 341 104 0 0 35 480 13,309 4Total 5,840 628 78 253 35 6,834 172,261 4

GovernmentNGO /

Development Project

Cooperative Large Scale Farm Total

Total Number of

Households


households

Mpanda 6,548 270 0 0 6,818 59,533 11Sumbawanga Rural 10,437 119 109 121 10,785 68,935 16Nkansi 992 0 78 78 1,149 30,483 4Sumbawanga Urban 1,148 206 0 0 1,354 13,309 10Total 19,125 595 187 199 20,106 172,261 12

Mechanisation / LST

Irrigation Technology

15.9: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of Mechanisation By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.

Crop Storage

District

District

District

15.11: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of Irrigation Technology By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.

15.12: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on the use of use of Crop storage By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.


Appendix II 214

GovernmentNGO /

Development Project


Not applicable Total Total Number

of Households


households

Mpanda 803 0 0 135 0 938 59,533 2Sumbawanga Rural 3,700 118 121 121 0 4,060 68,935 6Nkansi 379 0 78 78 0 536 30,483 2Sumbawanga Urban 342 35 0 0 35 412 13,309 3Total 5,225 153 199 334 35 5,946 172,261 3% 88 3 3 6 1 100

GovernmentNGO /

Development Project

Other Not applicable Total

Total Number of

Households


households

Mpanda 1,467 0 135 0 1,602 59,533 3Sumbawanga Rural 4,820 119 0 0 4,939 68,935 7Nkansi 299 0 0 0 299 30,483 1Sumbawanga Urban 207 136 0 35 378 13,309 3Total 6,793 255 135 35 7,218 172,261 4

GovernmentNGO /

Development Project

Cooperative Large Scale Farm Other Not

applicable Total Total Number of Households


households

Mpanda 132 390 135 135 133 0 924 59,533 2Sumbawanga Rural 3,813 119 121 121 0 121 4,293 68,935 6Nkansi 377 78 0 0 0 0 455 30,483 1Sumbawanga Urban 847 237 0 33 0 0 1,116 13,309 8Total 5,168 823 255 289 133 121 6,789 172,261 4% 76 12 4 4 2 2 100

District

Vermin Control

Agro-progressing

Agro-Forestry

15.13: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on vermin control By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.

15.15: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on Agro-Forestry By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.

15.14: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receivingf Advice on Agro-processing By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.

District

District


Appendix II 215

Government Total

Total Number of

Households


households

Mpanda 0 0 59,533 0Sumbawanga Rural 602 602 68,935 1Nkansi 0 0 30,483 0Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 13,309 0Total 602 602 172,261 0% 100 100

Government Total

Total Number of

Households


households

Mpanda 0 0 59,533 0.0Sumbawanga Rural 241 241 68,935 0.4Nkansi 0 0 30,483 0.0Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 13,309 0.0Total 241 241 172,261 0.0

Received Adopted % Received Adopted % Received Adopted %Mpanda 8,785 6,538 74 3,591 2,386 66 1,857 803 43Sumbawanga Rural 12,152 11,556 95 8,579 3,184 37 7,461 3,331 45Nkansi 1,601 1,530 96 548 322 59 687 534 78Sumbawanga Urban 1,864 1,629 87 1,492 1,188 80 1,088 685 63Total 24,402 21,252 87 14,209 7,080 50 11,093 5,352 48

15.16: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receiving Advice on Beekeeping By Source of Messages By District during

Beekeeping

Fish Farming

15.17: EXTENSION MESSAGES: Number of Households By Receiving Advice on Fish Farming By Source of Messages By District during 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region.

District

District

15.18: CROP EXTENSION" Number of Households Receiving and Adapting Extension Messages by Type of Message and (Part 1) During the 2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region.

Spacing Use of Agrochemicals

District

Erosion Control


Appendix II 216

Received Adopted % Received Adopted % Received Adopted %Mpanda 1,594 531 33 4,153 3,225 78 7,267 2,922 40Sumbawanga Rural 11,286 5,040 45 5,972 932 16 9,893 2,548 26Nkansi 612 310 51 606 70 12 980 305 31Sumbawanga Urban 1,525 1,221 80 1,314 405 31 1,554 372 24Total 15,017 7,101 47 12,045 4,633 38 19,694 6,147 31

Received Adopted % Received Adopted % Received Adopted %Mpanda 135 0 0 800 671 84 6,818 4,829 71Sumbawanga Rural 1,442 0 0 4,530 1,539 34 10,785 10,659 99Nkansi 222 153 69 459 236 52 1,149 1,149 100Sumbawanga Urban 35 103 296 380 309 81 1,319 1,253 95Total 1,833 255 14 6,169 2,755 45 20,071 17,889 89


Inorganic Fertilizer Use Use of Improved SeedOrganic Fertilizer UseDistrict


DistrictCrop StorageIrrigation TechnologyMechanisation / LST


Appendix II 217

Received Adopted % Received Adopted % Received Adopted %Mpanda 804 670 83 1,602 1,468 92 924 536 58Sumbawanga Rural 4,060 3,346 82 4,707 4,467 95 4,293 2,870 67Nkansi 536 536 100 299 299 100 373 225 60Sumbawanga Urban 174 277 159 343 276 81 1,116 716 64

Total 5,573 4,830 87 6,951 6,510 94 6,707 4,347 65

Received Adopted % Received Adopted % Received Adopted %Mpanda 924 536 58 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 4,293 2,870 67 481 240 50 241 0 0Nkansi 373 225 60 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Urban 1,116 716 64 0 0 0 34 0 0

Total 6,707 4,347 65 481 240 50 241 34 0


District

15.20: CROP EXTENSION" Number of Households Receiving and Adapting Extension Messages by Type of Message and (Part 5 During the 2002/03 Agricultural Year, Rukwa Region.

District Vermin Control Agro-progressing Agro-forestry

Agro-forestry Beekeeping Fish Farming


Appendix II 219

ANIMAL CONTRIBUTION TO CROP PRODUCTION


Appendix II 220

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

Mpanda 4,121 7 55,412 93 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 47,115 68 21,820 32 68,935Nkansi 16,622 55 13,861 45 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 11,547 87 1,762 13 13,309Total 79,406 46 92,855 54 172,261

Number Owned

Number Used

Area Cultivated

(acres)

Number Owned Number Used

Area Cultivated

(acres)

Number Owned

Number Used

Area Cultivated

(acres)

Number Owned

Number Used

Area Cultivated

(acres)

Number Owned

Number Used

Area Cultivated

(acres)Mpanda 15,523 22,217 38,844 8,368 0 0 35,062 0 0 392 392 1,308 59,346 22,609 40,152Sumbawanga Rural 60,728 140,521 259,293 35,116 333 0 86,142 3,684 0 2,493 116 0 184,479 144,654 259,293Nkansi 30,126 55,435 97,932 16,222 3,150 23 28,090 0 0 5,708 0 0 80,146 58,585 97,955Sumbawanga Urban 13,079 29,683 44,003 5,342 2,255 51 17,338 1,469 17 6,535 336 0 42,294 33,743 44,071Total 119,456 247,856 440,072 65,048 5,738 74 166,631 5,153 17 15,128 844 1,308 366,264 259,592 441,471

17.1: ANIMAL CONTRIBUTION TO CROP PRODUCTION: Number of Households Using Draft Animal to Cultivate Land By District During 2002/03 agricultural year, Rukwa Region

Households Using Draft Animals

Household Not Using Draft AnimalsDistrict Total

households

17.2 ANIMAL CONTRIBUTION TO CROP PRODUCTION: Type of Draft By Number Owened, Used and Area Cultivated (Acres) By District During 2002/03 Agriculture Year

District

Type of CraftOxen Bulls Cows Donkeys Total


Appendix II 221

Total


Area (%) % Area (%) % Area (%) %Mpanda 1,063 7 357 65 1,420 9Sumbawanga Rural 7,851 50 63 11 7,914 49Nkansi 3,398 22 80 15 3,478 22Sumbawanga Urban 3,286 21 52 9 3,338 21Total 15,598 100 551 100 16,150 100

17.3 ANIMAL CONTRIBUTION TO CROPS: Number of Crop Growing Households Using Organic Fertilizer By Regio During 2002/03 Agriculture Year

17.4 ANIMAL CONTRIBUTION TO CROPS: Area of Farm Yard Manure and Compost

District

Farm Yard Manure Area Applied Compost Area Applied Total

District Using Organic Fertilizer

Not Using Organic Fertilizer

Did you apply organic fertilizer during 2002/03?


Appendix II 223

CATTLE PRODUCTION


Appendix II 224

Tota Agricultura

Households

Tota Livestock Keeping

Households

Number % Number %Mpanda 4,580 8 54,954 92 59,533 0Sumbawanga Rural 24,593 36 44,342 64 68,935 416Nkansi 9,021 30 21,463 70 30,483 0Sumbawanga Urban 5,357 40 7,952 60 13,309 0Total 43,551 25 128,710 75 172,261 416

Number of Household % Number of

Cattle %Average

Number Per Household

Number % Number % Number1-5 25,854 59 66,582 13 36-10 7,656 18 58,255 12 811-15 3,971 9 51,045 10 1316-20 1,471 3 26,283 5 1821-30 2,033 5 51,019 10 2531-40 650 1 23,832 5 3741-50 573 1 27,494 5 4851-60 347 1 20,178 4 5861-100 233 1 18,672 4 80101-150 299 1 38,128 8 127151+ 463 1 123,239 24 266Total 43,551 100 504,727 100 12

Type

Number of Indigenous %

Number of Improved

Beef%

Number of Improved

Dairy% Total Cattle

%Bulls 36,029 99 171 0 214 1 36,413 7Cows 170,403 100 0 0 504 0 170,907 34Steers 124,331 100 0 0 0 0 124,331 25Heifers 68,310 100 104 0 213 0 68,627 14Male Calves 42,726 100 0 0 142 0 42,868 8Female Ca ves 61,546 100 0 0 33 0 61,580 12Total 503,345 100 274 0 1,107 0 504,727 100

18.4.1 CATTLE PRODUCTION: Number of Cattle by Category and Type of Cattle as of 1st October 2003

18.3 CATTLE PRODUCTION: Number of Households Rearing Cattle, Head of Cattle and Average Head per Household by Herd Size as of 2002/03

Herd Size

18.1 CATTLE PRODUCTION: Total Number of Households Rearing Cattle By District During 2002/03 Agriculture Year, Rukwa Region

District

Households Rearing Cattle

Households Not Rearing Cattle


Appendix II 225

Improved Beef Improved Dairy Total CattleNumber of Households

Number of Cattle % Number of

HouseholdsNumber of Cattle % Number of

HouseholdsNumber of Cattle % Number of

HouseholdsNumber of Cattle %

Mpanda 4,447 82,470 100 0.0 0 0 401 401 0.5 4,580 82,871 16.41898276Sumbawanga Rural 24,593 236,511 100 0.0 0 0 109 109 0.0 24,593 236,620 46.88081187Nkansi 8,949 148,683 100 0.0 0 0 235 397 0.3 9,021 149,080 29.5367702Sumbawanga Urban 5,357 35,682 99 69 274 1 133 200 0.6 5,357 36,156 7.163435173Total 43,345 503,345 100 69 274 0.1 878 1,107 0.2 43,551 504,727 100

Bulls Cows Steers Heifers Male Calves Female Total

Mpanda 6,334 24,220 18,083 17,232 7,648 8,952 82,470Sumbawanga Rural 18,228 89,268 60,245 22,211 17,518 29,041 236,511Nkansi 8,757 46,112 34,172 25,138 14,651 19,852 148,683Sumbawanga Urban 2,709 10,802 11,831 3,730 2,908 3,701 35,682Total 36,029 170,403 124,331 68,310 42,726 61,546 503,345

Bulls Cows Steers Heifers Male Calves Female Total

Mpanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nkansi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Urban 171 0 0 104 0 0 274Total 171 0 0 104 0 0 274

DistrictCategory - Indigenous

18.6 CATTLE PRODUCTION: Number of Indigenous Cattle By Category and as of 1st October, 2003

DistrictNumber - Improved Beef Cattle

18.2 CATTLE PRODUCTION: Number of Cattle By Type and District as of 1st October, 2003

District

Indigenous



Appendix II 226

Bulls Cows Steers Heifers Male Calves male Calves TotalMpanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nkansi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Urban 171 0 0 104 0 0 274Total 171 0 0 104 0 0 274

Bulls Cows Steers Heifers Male Calves male Calves TotalMpanda 6,468 24,354 18,083 17,365 7,648 8,952 82,871Sumbawanga Rural 18,228 89,268 60,245 22,211 17,627 29,041 236,620Nkansi 8,838 46,349 34,172 25,218 14,651 19,852 149,080Sumbawanga Urban 2,880 10,935 11,831 3,834 2,942 3,734 36,156Total 36,413 170,907 124,331 68,627 42,868 61,580 504,727

District

Category - Total Cattle

18.7CATTLE PRODUCTION: Number of Indigenous Cattle By Category and as of 1st October, 2003

District

Category - Improved Beef Cattle



Appendix II 227

GOAT PRODUCTION


Appendix II 228


Number of Goat %


Number of Goat %


Number of Goat %


Number of Goat

Mpanda 16,384 116,377 98 134 806 1 269 1,077 1 16,384 118,261Sumbawanga 16,895 116,919 99 346 1,044 1 107 645 1 16,895 118,607Nkansi 6,538 42,696 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,538 42,696Sumbawanga 3,334 12,869 97 104 416 3 0 0 0 3,334 13,285Total 43,150 288,862 99 584 2,265 1 377 1,722 1 43,150 292,849

Herd Size Number of Household % Number of

Goat %Average Number Per Household

1-4 20,967 48.6 51,397 17.6 25-9 12,819 29.7 82,580 28.2 610-14 5,226 12.1 60,060 20.5 1115-19 1,578 3.7 26,125 8.9 1720-24 1,199 2.8 24,764 8.5 2125-29 558 1.3 15,316 5.2 2730-39 482 1.1 15,731 5.4 3340+ 321 0.7 16,877 5.8 53Total 43,150 100.0 292,849 100.0 7

19.2: GOAT PRODUCTION: Total Number of Households Rearing Goats and Heads of Goats by Herd size on 1st October 2003

19.1: GOAT PRODUCTION: Total Number of Goats by Type and District as of 2st October, 2003

District

Total GoatImproved DairyImproved for MeatIndigenous


Appendix II 229

Number % Number % Number % Number %Billy Goat 45,529 95 1,775 4 645 1 47,949 16Castrated Goat 4,372 94 0 0 269 6 4,641 2She Goat 149,160 100 70 0 0 0 149,229 51Male Kid 45,118 98 109 0 808 2 46,035 16She Kid 44,684 99 311 1 0 0 44,995 15Total 288,862 99 2,265 1 1,722 1 292,849 100

Billy Goat Castrated Goat She Goat Male Kid She Kid Total

Mpanda 19,821 1,679 60,811 17,727 16,339 116,377Sumbawanga Rural 16,410 1,944 59,624 18,309 20,632 116,919Nkansi 7,557 618 21,169 7,358 5,994 42,696Sumbawanga Urban 1,741 130 7,555 1,724 1,719 12,869Total 45,529 4,372 149,160 45,118 44,684 288,862


Mpanda 806 0 0 0 0 806Sumbawanga Rural 691 0 0 109 243 1,044Nkansi 0 0 0 0 0 0Sumbawanga Urban 278 0 70 0 68 416Total 1,775 0 70 109 311 2,265

District

Number of Improved for Meat

19.4 GOAT PRODUCTION: Number of Indigenous Goat by Category and District as of 1st October, 2003

District

Type

19.5: GOAT PRODUCTION: Number of Improved Meat Goat by Category and District as of 1st October, 2003

19.:3 GOAT PRODUCTION: Total Number of Goats by Category and Type of Goat as of 1st October, 2003 and District

Category of GoatsTotal GoatNumber of Improved

DairyNumber of Improved for

MeaNumber of Indigenous


Appendix II 230


Mpanda . 269 . 808 . 1,077Sumbawanga Rural 645 . . . . 645Nkansi . . . . . .Sumbawanga Urban . . . . . .Total 645 269 . 808 . 1,722


Mpanda 20,627 1,948 60,811 18,535 16,339 118,261Sumbawanga Rural 17,746 1,944 59,624 18,418 20,876 118,607Nkansi 7,557 618 21,169 7,358 5,994 42,696Sumbawanga Urban 2,019 130 7,625 1,724 1,787 13,285Total 47,949 4,641 149,229 46,035 44,995 292,849

District

Total Goat

19.6: GOAT PRODUCTION: Number of Improved Dairy Goat by Category and District as of 1st October,

District

Number of Improved Dairy

19.7: GOAT PRODUCTION: Number of Total Goat by Category and District as of 1st October, 2003


Appendix II 231

SHEEP PRODUCTION


Appendix II 232

Breed

Number of Indigenous %

Number of Improved for

Mutton% Total Sheep

%Ram 6,365 100 0 0 6,365 18Castrated Sheep 134 100 0 0 134 0She Sheep 18,517 100 0 0 18,517 51Male Lamb 5,311 100 0 0 5,311 15She Lamb 5,746 100 0 0 5,746 16Total 36,073 100 0 0 36,073 100

District

Total Livestock Keeping Households

Number % Number %Mpanda 1,955 3 57,579 97 59,533 0Sumbawanga Rural 1,478 2 67,457 98 68,935 416Nkansi 1,237 4 29,246 96 30,483 0Sumbawanga Urban 99 1 13,210 99 13,309 0Total 4,770 3 167,491 97 172,261 416

Number % Number % Number %Mpanda 13,967 100 0 0 13,967 39Sumbawanga Rural 10,953 100 0 0 10,953 30Nkansi 10,756 100 0 0 10,756 30Sumbawanga Urban 397 100 0 0 397 1Total 36,073 100 0 0 36,073 100


Average Sheep


Average Sheep

Mpanda 1,955 0 0 0 1,955 7Sumbawanga Rural 1,478 0 0 0 1,478 7Nkansi 1,237 0 0 0 1,237 9Sumbawanga Urban 99 0 0 0 99 4Total 4,770 0 0 0 4,770 8

Tota Numbver of Households

Number of Indigenous Number of Improved for Mutton Total Sheep

20.3: SHEEP PRODUCTION: Number of Sheep by Type of Sheep and District as of 1st October, 2002/03

District

Total Households

Raising Sheep

Average Sheep

20.4: Number of Sheep per Household by Category and district as of 1st October 2003.

20.1: SHEEP PRODUCTION: Total Number of Sheep By Breed Type During the 2002/03 Agriculture Year

District

Number of Indigenous Number of Improved for Mutton

20.2: SHEEP PRODUCTION: Number of Households Rearing Sheep by District as of 1st October, 2002/03 Agriculture Year

Households Raising Sheep

Households Not Raising Sheep


Appendix II 233

Herd Size Number of Household % Number of

Sheep %Average Number Per Household

1-4 2,021 42 5,313 15 35-9 1,574 33 11,157 31 710-14 448 9 4,833 13 1115-19 442 9 7,296 20 1720-24 130 3 2,608 7 2030-39 154 3 4,866 13 32Total 4,770 100 36,073 100 8

RamCastrated

Sheep She Sheep Male Lamb She Lamb Total Number of Indigenous

Mpanda 1,801 134 7,073 2,216 2,743 13,967Sumbawanga Rural 2,184 0 5,422 1,734 1,613 10,953Nkansi 2,281 0 5,756 1,361 1,357 10,756Sumbawanga Urban 99 0 265 0 33 397Total 6,365 134 18,517 5,311 5,746 36,073

RamCastrated

Sheep She Sheep Male Lamb She Lamb Total Sheep

Mpanda 1,801 134 7,073 2,216 2,743 13,967Sumbawanga Rural 2,184 . 5,422 1,734 1,613 10,953Nkansi 2,281 . 5,756 1,361 1,357 10,756Sumbawanga Urban 99 . 265 . 33 397Total 6,365 134 18,517 5,311 5,746 36,073

20.5: Number of Households and Heads of Sheep by Herd Size on 1st October 2003.

20.8 SHEEP PRODUCTION: Total Number of Sheep by Category of Sheep and District as of 1st October, 2002/03 Agriculture Year

District

Total Sheep

20.6: SHEEP PRODUCTION: Total Number of Indigenous Sheep by Category of Sheep and District as of 1st October, 2002/03 Agriculture Year

District

Number of Indigenous Sheep


Appendix II 235

PIGS PRODUCTION


Appendix II 236

Number % Number %1-4 8,000 66 13,781 27 25-9 2,769 23 19,645 38 710-14 859 7 9,228 18 1115-19 163 1 2,526 5 1630-39 194 2 5,968 12 3140+ 115 1 691 1 6Total 12,101 100 51,840 100 4

District

Number of Household

Number of Pig

Average Number Per Household

Mpanda 1,343 4,837 4Sumbawanga Rural 8,350 36,455 4Nkansi 1,007 8,396 8Sumbawanga Urban 1,400 2,152 2Total 12,101 51,840 4

Boar Castrated Male Sow / Gilt Male Piglet She Piglet Tota

Mpanda 804 . 1,074 1,076 1,883 4,837Sumbawanga Rural 3,968 334 11,131 10,305 10,716 36,455Nkansi 608 80 1,722 3,557 2,428 8,396Sumbawanga Urban 373 35 1,508 136 101 2,152Total 5,753 449 15,435 15,074 15,128 51,840

21.1 PIG PRODUCTION: Number of Households Raising Pig by District during 2002/03 Agriculture Year

District

21.2: PIG PRODUCTION: Number of Households Raising Pig by District during 2002/03 Agriculture Year

21.3: PIG POPULATION: Total Number of Pigs by Category of Pigs and District as of 1st October, 2003

Pigs TypeDistrict

Households Raising Pig Herds of Pigs Average Number Per Household


Appendix II 237

LIVESTOCK PESTS AND PARASITE CONTROL


Appendix II 238

Total

Number % age Number % age Number

Mpanda 6,198 53 5,435 47 11,633Sumbawanga Rural 8,564 28 21,602 72 30,166Nkasi 3,538 33 7,159 67 10,697Sumbawanga Urban 2,720 48 2,975 52 5,695Total 21,021 36 37,171 64 58,192

Number of Households % Number of

Households % Number of Households % Number of

Households %

Mpanda 3,163 53 4,357 27 130 10 803 25Sumbawanga Rural 1,754 29 5,881 37 930 72 1,661 53Nkasi 768 13 3,147 20 226 18 317 10Sumbawanga Urban 265 4 2,583 16 0 0 380 12Total 5,950 100 15,968 100 1,286 100 3,161 100

Total

No. of Households % age


No. of Households

Mpanda 1,604 14 9,493 86 11,097Sumbawanga Rur 3,226 11 25,665 89 28,891Nkasi 1,668 16 9,028 84 10,697Sumbawanga Urb 100 2 5,527 98 5,627Total 6,598 12 49,714 88 56,312

TotalNo. of Households % age




No. of Households

Mpanda 531 33 539 34 401 25 134 8 1,604Sumbawanga Rur 3,226 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,226Nkasi 1,514 91 154 9 0 0 0 0 1,668Sumbawanga Urb 65 65 35 35 0 0 0 0 100Total 5,336 81 727 11 401 6 134 2 6,598

TrappingMethod of Tsetse Flies Control

Spray

NO Tsetse Flies Problems

22.4: LIVESTOCK PESTS AND PARASITE CONTROL: Number and Percent of agricultural households by Method of Tsetse flies Control during 2002/03 Agriculture Year and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

DippingDistrict None

Tsetse Flies Problems

22.1 LIVESTOCK PESTS AND PARASITE CONTROL: Number of Livestock Rearing Households deworming Livestock by District during 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

No. of Households Demworming Livestock

No. of Households NOT Demworming their animals

22.2: LIVESTOCK PESTS AND PARASITE CONTROL: Number and Percent of agricultural households reporting to have dewormed animals during 2002/03 Agriculture Year by District and type of dewormed Livestock

Dewormed Goats Dewormed Cattles

22.3: LIVESTOCK PESTS AND PARASITE CONTROL: Number and Percent of agricultural households reporting to have encountered tsetse flies problems during 2002/03 Agriculture Year by District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Dewormed Sheep Dewormed PigsDistrict


Appendix II 239

OTHER LIVESTOCK


Appendix II 240

Number % Type Number

Indigenous Chicken 1,114,556 99 Ducks 88,647Layer 7,261 1 Turkeys 2,686Broiler 615 0 Rabbits 17,876

0 Donkeys 11,190Total 1,122,432 100 120,399

Indigenous Chicken Layer Broiler Total Ducks Turkeys Rabbits Donkeys Other

Mpanda 492,601 . 0 492,601 Mpanda 38,381 0 5,650 4,265 0Sumbawanga Rural 443,312 2,414 213 445,939 Sumbawanga Rural 40,326 2,516 5,263 3,578 7,644Nkasi 129,096 1,144 402 130,643 Nkasi 9,294 0 3,561 2,629 9,765Sumbawanga Urban 49,547 3,703 0 53,250 Sumbawanga Urban 646 170 3,402 718 0Total 1,114,556 7,261 615 1,122,432 Total 88,647 2,686 17,876 11,190 17,409

1,122,432

Number %1 - 4 38,452 35 92,665 25 - 9 31,281 28 204,580 710 - 19 25,278 23 321,753 1320 - 29 6,961 6 155,776 2230 - 39 4,248 4 136,546 3240 - 49 2,087 2 87,172 4250 - 99 1,365 1 87,994 64100+ 240 0 35,946 150Total 109,912 100 1,122,432 10

23a: OTHER LIVESTOCK: Total number of Other Livestock by Type as of 1st October 2003

Type

Number of Chicken

23b: OTHER LIVESTOCK: Number of chicken by Category of Chicken and District as of 1st October, 2003

Chicken

Number of chicken

Average chicken per householdFlock Size

Others

Chicken rearing Households

23d: OTHER LIVESTOCK: Number of households with chicken and Category of Chicken by Flock Size

23c: OTHER LIVESTOCK: Number of Households Rearing and number of Other Livestock by Type and District

DistrictType of Livestock

District


Appendix II 241

FISH FARMING


Appendix II 242

Total

Number % Number % NumberMpanda 0 0.0 59,533 100.0 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 0 0.0 68,935 100.0 68,935Nkasi 80 0.3 30,403 99.7 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 0 0.0 13,309 100.0 13,309Total 80 0.0 172,181 100.0 172,261

Natural Pond TotalNkasi 80.2 80.2Total 80.2 80.2

Source of FingerlingsNeighbour TotalNumber Number

Nkasi 80 80Total 80 80

Where soldTrader at Farm TotalNumber Number

Nkasi 80 80Total 80 80

District Number of Tilapia Number of Carp

Number of Others

Nkasi 8,018 0 0Total 8,018 0 0

District

28.5 FISH FARMING: Total Number of Fish Harvested by Type and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

28.2b FISH FARMING: Number of Agricultural Households By Source of Fingerings and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

28.2c: FISH FARMING: Number of Agricultural Households By Location of Selling Fish and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

DistrictSystem of Fish Farming

Was fish farming carried out by this household during 2002/03?

District

28.1a: FISH FARMING: Number of Agricultural Households involved in Fish Farming and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Yes No

28.2a: FISH FARMING: Number of Agricultural Households By System of Farming and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


Appendix II 243

LIVESTOCK EXTENSION


Appendix II 244

District

Number % Number %Mpanda 3,632 6 55,901 94 59,533 11,633 31.2Sumbawanga Rural 9,265 13 59,671 87 68,935 29,751 31.1Nkasi 1,999 7 28,485 93 30,483 10,697 18.7Sumbawanga Urban 2,170 16 11,139 84 13,309 5,695 38.1Total 17,065 10 155,195 90 172,261 57,776 29.5

Government

NGO / Development

ProjectCo-

operativeLarge Scale

Farmer OtherMpanda 2,565 0 0 134 0Sumbawanga Rur 5,522 0 121 120 120Nkasi 1,399 0 0 78 0Sumbawanga Urb 1,967 35 0 134 0Total 11,452 35 121 466 120

Advice

Government

NGO / Development Project

Mpanda 135 0 135 11,633 1Sumbawanga Rur 1,425 0 1,425 29,751 5Nkasi 0 0 0 10,697 0Sumbawanga Urb 169 33 202 5,695 4Total 1,729 33 1,762

% receiving advice out

of totalTotal

29.1c LIVESTOCK EXTENSION: Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Extension Advice on Proper Milking By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Total Number of households

raising livestock

%

29.1a: LIVESTOCK EXTENSION: Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice By District during the 2002/03 Agricultural Year

29.1b Livestock Extension Providers: Number of Households By Source of Extension and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Source of Advice

Received Livestock Advice Did NOT Receiving Livestock Advice


raising livestock

Total


Appendix II 245

Government

NGO / Development

Project OtherMpanda 135 0 0 135 11,633 1.2Sumbawanga Rural 1,662 0 0 1,662 29,751 5.6Nkansi 0 0 0 0 10,697 0.0Sumbawanga Urban 238 33 0 271 5,695 4.8Total 2,035 33 0 2,068 57,776 3.6% 98 2 0 100

Government

NGO / Development Project

Co-operativeLarge Scale Farmer

Other Total

Mpanda 2,565 0 0 134 0 2,699 11,633 23Sumbawanga Rur 5,522 0 121 120 120 5,882 29,751 20Nkasi 1,399 0 0 78 0 1,477 10,697 14Sumbawanga Urb 1,967 35 0 134 0 2,135 5,695 37Total 11,452 35 121 466 120 12,193 57,776 21% 93.9 0.3 1.0 3.8 1.0 100.0

Government

NGO / Development

Project Other TotalMpanda 403 0 0 403 11,633 3Sumbawanga Rur 1,556 0 120 1,676 29,751 6Nkasi 153 0 0 153 10,697 1Sumbawanga Urb 69 35 0 104 5,695 2Total 2,182 35 120 2,337 57,776 4% 93.4 1.5 5.1 100


of total


raising livestock


of total

29.1d LIVESTOCK EXTENSION: Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice on Milk Hygene By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Source of Advice on Milk Hygene


raising livestock

District

Source of Advice on Herd Flock/Flock Size


raising livestock

29.1f LIVESTOCK EXTENSION: Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Extension Advice on Herd /Flock Size and Selection By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


of totalTotal

29.1e LIVESTOCK EXTENSION: Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice on Disease Control By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Source of Advice on Disease Control


Appendix II 246

Government

NGO / Development

ProjectOther

Mpanda 134 0 0 134 11,633 1Sumbawanga Rural 1,302 117 0 1,419 29,751 5Nkansi 0 0 0 0 10,697 0Sumbawanga Urban 170 100 0 270 5,695 5Total 1,606 216 0 1,823 57,776 3% 88 12 0 100

Government

NGO / Development

ProjectCo-operative

Mpanda 267 0 0 267 11,633 2Sumbawanga Rural 2,934 0 240 3,174 29,751 11Nkasi 150 0 0 150 10,697 1Sumbawanga Urban 337 234 0 571 5,695 10Total 3,688 234 240 4,163 57,776 7% 89 6 6 100

Government

NGO / Development

ProjectOther


Source of Advice on Group Formation

Total

District

Source of Advice on Calf Rearing


raising livestock

Source of Advice on Pasture Establishment

Total

29.1h LIVESTOCK EXTENSION: Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice on Group Formation and Strengtherning By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


raising livestock


of total

District

29.1g LIVESTOCK EXTENSION: Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice Pasture Establishment and Selection By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


of total


raising livestock


of totalDistrict

Total

29.1i LIVESTOCK EXTENSION: Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Advice on Calf Rearing By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


Appendix II 247

GovernmentNGO /

Development Project

Co-operative Total


Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % NumberMpanda 130 3 1,734 44 1,309 33 742 19 0 0 3,916Sumbawanga Rural 362 4 6,295 66 2,284 24 0 0 600 6 9,542Nkasi 78 4 1,618 81 302 15 0 0 0 0 1,999Sumbawanga Urban 69 3 2,097 85 305 12 0 0 0 0 2,472Total 641 4 11,745 66 4,200 23 742 4 600 3 17,928

Total

District

Very Good Good Average Poor No GoodQuality of Service

29.1j LIVESTOCK EXTENSION: Number of Agricultural Households Receiving Extension Advice on Use of Improved Bulls By Source and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Source of Advice on the Use of Improved Bulls

29.1j LIVESTOCK EXTENSION: Number of Agricultural Households By Quality of Extension Services and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Total Numberof households

raising livestock


of tota


Appendix II 249

ACCESS TO INTRASTRUCTURE AND OTHER SERVICES


Appendix II 250

Secondary Schools

Primary Schools

All weather roads

Feeder Roads Hospitals

Health Clinics

Regional Capital

Primary Markets

Secondary Market

Tertiary Market

Tarmac Roads

Mpanda 28 3 4 1 74 7 284 23 27 70 303Sumbawanga Rural 21 2 6 1 90 10 92 8 19 81 129Nkasi 37 2 7 2 49 7 109 23 25 43 146Sumbawanga Urban 8 1 1 1 15 6 15 11 12 14 37Total 25 2 5 1 72 8 156 16 22 66 185

Regional Capital 75All Weather Roads 5Tarmac Roads 185Hospitals 72Tertiary Markets 66Secondary Market 22Secondary Schools 25Primary Markets 16Health Clinics 8Primary Schools 2

Feeder Roads 1

Table 33.01a: Mean distances from horders dwellings to Infrastructures and services by District

District

Mean Distance to


Appendix II 251

Less than 1 km 1 - 2.9 km 3 - 9 9 km 10 - 19.9 km Above 20 km

Number of households %



Number of households % %

Mpanda 934 2 1,601 3 11,759 20 15,719 26 29,520 50 59,533 28Sumbawanga Rural 4,649 7 1,376 2 12,239 18 14,916 22 35,755 52 68,935 21Nkasi 0 0 162 1 7,603 25 8,571 28 14,147 46 30,483 37Sumbawanga Urban 138 1 1,889 14 6,894 52 4,077 31 311 2 13,309 8Total 5,721 3 5,029 3 38,495 22 43,283 25 79,733 46 172,261 25





Number of households %f households %

Mpanda 29,251 49 9,341 16 13,400 23 4,877 8 2,664 4 59,533 4Sumbawanga Rural 34,480 50 9,650 14 9,880 14 6,289 9 8,636 13 68,935 6Nkasi 13,091 43 2,678 9 6,953 23 4,475 15 3,287 11 30,483 7Sumbawanga Urban 9,369 70 2,289 17 1,583 12 68 1 0 0 13,309 1Total 86,191 50 23,957 14 31,816 18 15,709 9 14,587 8 172,261 5





Number of households % Number of h%

Mpanda 38,481 65 11,972 20 8,281 14 800 1 0 0 59,533 1Sumbawanga Rural 52,920 77 9,216 13 5,452 8 1,025 1 322 0 68,935 1Nkasi 20,915 69 4,101 13 3,958 13 1,509 5 0 0 30,483 2Sumbawanga Urban 10,323 78 2,400 18 550 4 0 0 35 0 13,309 1Total 122,639 71 27,690 16 18,242 11 3,333 2 357 0 172,261 1


33.01c: Mean distance from holders dwellings to all Weather roads by District

District

Distance to All Weather Roads


MeanDistance

33.01b: Mean distance from holders dwellings to infrastrures and services by District

District

Distance to Feeder Road


Mean Distance

Mean Distance

Distance to Secondary School

District

33.01d: Mean distance from holders dwellings to Feeder Roads by District


Appendix II 252

Less than 1 km 1 - 2.9 km 3 - 9 9 km 10 - 19.9 km Above 20 kmNumber of

households %Number of



households % f households %Mpanda 134 0.2 134 0.2 1,302 2 9,918 17 48,045 81 59,533 74Sumbawanga Rural 119 0.2 120 0.2 566 1 669 1 67,462 98 68,935 90Nkasi 71 0.2 513 1.7 4,196 14 4,765 16 20,939 69 30,483 49Sumbawanga Urban 68 0.5 0 0.0 4,669 35 5,993 45 2,579 19 13,309 15Total 392 0.2 767 0.4 10,732 6 21,344 12 139,025 81 172,261 72

Less than 1 km 1 - 2.9 km 3 - 9 9 km 10 - 19.9 km Above 20 kmNumber of




households % f households %Mpanda 7,488 13 7,807 13 27,274 46 13,941 23 3,023 5 59,533 7Sumbawanga Rural 19,914 29 10,046 15 19,684 29 10,335 15 8,957 13 68,935 10Nkasi 3,950 13 2,872 9 16,362 54 5,859 19 1,440 5 30,483 7Sumbawanga Urban 3,342 25 2,512 19 6,166 46 1,254 9 35 0 13,309 6Total 34,694 20 23,236 13 69,486 40 31,390 18 13,455 8 172,261 8





No of households %

No of households %

Mpanda 16,818 28 20,799 35 19,800 33 1,060 2 1,056 2 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 34,714 50 21,967 32 10,886 16 1,246 2 122 0 68,935Nkasi 19,494 64 5,768 19 4,927 16 82 0 212 1 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 7,602 57 4,372 33 1,266 10 68 1 0 0 13,309Total 78,629 46 52,906 31 36,880 21 2,456 1 1,389 1 172,261

DistrictLess than 1

km 3 - 9 9 km 10 - 19.9 kmAbove 20 km Total

Mean Distance

Mpanda 0 0 135 59,398 59,533 283.7Sumbawanga Rural 0 111 0 68,824 68,935 92.4Nkasi 162 155 0 30,167 30,483 109.2Sumbawanga Urban 35 4,532 6,128 2,614 13,309 15.4Total 196 4,798 6,263 161,003 172,261 155.5

33.1h: Number of Households to Regional Capital

33.01g: Mean distance from holders dwellings to Primary School by District

District Total Number of

Households

Distance to Primary School

33.01f: Mean distance from holders dwellings to Health Clinic by District

District

Distance to Health ClinicTotal


Mean Distance

33.01e: Mean distance from holders dwellings to Hospital by District

District

Distance to Hospital

Total Number of

Households

Mean Distance


Appendix II 253

District Less than 1km 1 - 2.9 km 3 - 9 9 km 10 - 19.9 km Above 20 km Total Households

Mean Distance

Mpanda 135 132 0 135 59,131 59,533 303Sumbawanga Rural 716 0 119 120 67,980 68,935 129Nkasi 78 0 0 81 30,323 30,483 146Sumbawanga Urban 225 0 4,205 5,504 3,375 13,309 37Total 1,155 132 4,324 5,840 160,809 172,261 185


Mean Distance

Mpanda 4,917 12,259 9,400 14,247 18,711 59,533 23Sumbawanga Rural 20,032 9,266 16,216 10,622 12,800 68,935 8Nkasi 8,131 664 7,436 5,989 8,262 30,483 23Sumbawanga Urban 3,764 2,184 3,140 2,655 1,566 13,309 11Total 36,844 24,373 36,192 33,513 41,338 172,261 16


Mean Distance

Mpanda 267 398 4,384 9,254 45,230 59,533 70Sumbawanga Rural 1,736 1,838 1,068 2,235 62,058 68,935 81Nkasi 1,030 954 4,988 4,565 18,946 30,483 43Sumbawanga Urban 67 0 4,671 5,992 2,579 13,309 14Total 3,100 3,191 15,111 22,047 128,813 172,261 66

District Less than 1 km 1 - 2.9 km 3 - 9 9 km 10 - 19.9 km Above 20 km Total Households

Mean Distance

Mpanda 3,637 2,932 12,910 15,920 24,135 59,533 27Sumbawanga Rural 7,399 4,489 11,568 15,679 29,801 68,935 19Nkasi 1,849 1,442 11,843 6,901 8,448 30,483 25Sumbawanga Urban 1,299 581 5,190 3,695 2,544 13,309 12Total 14,184 9,443 41,510 42,195 64,928 172,261 22

33.01m: Number of Households by Distance to Secondary Market for the 2002/03 Agricultural Year

33.01l: Number of Households by Distance to Tertiary Market for the 2002/03 Agricultural Year

33.01j : Number of Households by Distance to Tarmac Road and District for the 2002/03 Agricultural Year

33.01k: Number of Households by Distance to Primary Marketfor the 2002/03 Agricultural Year


Appendix II 254

Very Good Good Average Poor No good

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

Mpanda 1,200 0.3 1,458 0.4 1,304 0.4 1,197 0.3 132 0.0 357,200Sumbawanga Rural 0 0.0 1,148 0.3 2,639 0.6 2,754 0.7 6,552 1.6 413,611Nkasi 158 0.1 2,800 1.5 2,815 1.5 2,973 1.6 1,032 0.6 182,900Sumbawanga Urban 0 0.0 752 0.9 276 0.3 570 0.7 35 0.0 79,854Total 1,358 0.1 6,158 0.6 7,035 0.7 7,494 0.7 7,751 0.7 1,033,565

Very Good Good Average Poor No goodNo. of

Households %No. of

Households %No. of

Households %No. of

Households %No. of

Households %Mpanda 399 22 791 43 257 14 401 22 0 0 1,848Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 117 6 689 33 363 18 905 44 2,073Nkasi 80 2 1,307 38 1,162 34 687 20 219 6 3,454Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 35 52 0 0 32 48 0 0 67Total 479 6 2,250 30 2,107 28 1,483 20 1,123 15 7,442

Very Good Good Average Poor No goodNo. of

Households %No. of

Households %No. of

Households %No. of

Households %No. of

Households %Mpanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 100 0 0 265Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 112 6 0 0 363 21 1,244 72 1,718Nkasi 78 5 157 9 862 51 442 26 147 9 1,686Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 70 34 0 0 134 66 0 0 203Total 78 2 338 9 862 22 1,204 31 1,391 36 3,873

District

Research StationTotal


33.19a TYPE OF SERVICE: Number of Agricultural Households by Satisfaction of Using Veterinary Clinic and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Satisfaction of Using Veterinary Clinic

District

33.19c TYPE OF SERVICE: Number of Households by Satisfaction of Using Research Centre and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Total Number of

Households

33.19b TYPE OF SERVICE: Number of Households by Satisfaction of Using Extension Centre and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Extension CentreTotal



Appendix II 255


No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

Mpanda 0 0 0 0 135 100 0 0 0 0 135Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0 0 0 482 25 1,463 75 1,945Nkasi 0 0 0 0 0 0 522 78 147 22 669Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 100 0 0 32Total 0 0 0 0 135 0 1,036 37 1,610 58 2,781


No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

Mpanda 532 40 269 20 135 10 262 20 132 10 1,330Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 0 0 808 33 601 25 1,018 42 2,426Nkasi 0 0 0 0 0 0 369 71 147 29 516Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 205 30 208 30 238 35 35 5 686Total 532 11 474 10 1,150 23 1,470 30 1,332 27 4,958

33.19e TYPE OF SERVICE: Number of Households by Satisfaction of using Land Registration Office and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Land Registration Office


33.19d TYPE OF SERVICE: Number of Households by Satisfaction of Using Plant Protection Lab and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Plant Protection Lab.



Appendix II 256


No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

Mpanda 0 0 135 35 120 31 135 35 0 389Sumbawanga Rural 0 0 688 23 1,143 38 583 20 565 19 2,979Nkasi 0 0 0 0 78 12 442 66 147 22 667Sumbawanga Urban 0 0 103 76 0 0 32 24 0 0 135Total 0 0 925 22 1,341 32 1,191 29 713 17 4,170


No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

No. of Households %

Veterinary Clinic 1,358 0 6,158 1 7,035 1 7,494 1 7,751 1 1,033,565Extension Services 479 6 2,250 30 2,107 28 1,483 20 1,123 15 7,442Research Station 78 2 338 9 862 22 1,204 31 1,391 36 3,873Plant Protection Lab 0 0 0 0 135 5 1,036 37 1,610 58 2,781Land Registration Office 532 11 474 10 1,150 23 1,470 30 1,332 27 4,958Livestock Development Centre 0 925 22 1,341 32 1,191 29 713 17 4,170

33.19f TYPE OF SERVICE: Number of Households by Satisfaction of using Livestock Development centre and Registration Office and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Livestock Development Centre



LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF THE SERVICE

TYPE OF SERVICE

33.19G TYPE OF SERVICE: Number of Households by Level of satisfaction of the Service and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


Appendix II 257

HOUSEHOLDS FACILITIES


Appendix II 258

No Toilet Flush Toilet

Traditional Pit Latrine

Improved Pit Latrine - hh Owned

Other Type


Mpanda 1,477 1,749 55,910 397 0 59,533Sumbawanga Rural 4,861 2,426 61,307 341 0 68,935Nkasi 480 150 29,316 538 0 30,483Sumbawanga Urban 371 69 12,734 101 34 13,309Total 7,189 4,395 159,267 1,376 34 172,261% 4 3 92 1 0 100

Average Number of rooms per Household

Iron sheet Tiles Concreat

e Asbestos Grass/Leaves Grass & Mud Other


Mpanda 3 9,757 270 135 536 47,907 929 0 59,533Sumbawanga Rur 2 12,882 445 0 1,371 49,355 4,883 0 68,935Nkasi 2 5,006 213 82 278 24,538 367 0 30,483Sumbawanga Urb 2 4,437 35 0 0 8,078 759 0 13,309Total 2 32,082 962 216 2,186 129,877 6,937 0 172,261% 19 1 0 1 75 4 0 100

Number of Households %





Radio 29,457 41 23,873 33 14,229 20 4,484 6 72,043 42Landline phones 267 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 267 0Mobile Phones 134 17 359 46 290 37 0 0 784 0Iron 9,486 40 7,846 33 4,613 20 1,698 7 23,642 14Wheelbarrow 1,570 30 2,793 54 397 8 439 8 5,199 3Bicycles 34,455 53 17,544 27 7,564 12 5,014 8 64,577 37Vehicles 529 49 459 43 82 8 0 0 1,070 1Television/Video 535 63 107 13 207 24 0 0 849 0Total Number of Households 76,433 44 52,980 31 27,383 16 11,635 7 172,261 100

34-1: Number of Agricultural Households by Type of TOILET by Districtduring the 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Type of Toilet

District

34-2: Number of Agricultural Households Reported Average Number of Rooms and Type of Roofing Materials by District forthe 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Type of Owned Asset

Total

Type of Roofing materials

District


34.3: Number of Agricultural Households by Type of Owned Assets and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


Appendix II 259






Mains Electricity 133 30 235 53 72 16 0 0 440 0Hurricane Lamp 11,300 39 9,321 32 7,648 26 803 3 29,072 17Pressure Lamp 2,239 38 2,410 41 1,064 18 209 4 5,922 3Wick Lamp 45,056 34 53,197 40 21,462 16 12,228 9 131,944 77Candles 0 0 115 61 72 39 0 0 187 0Firewood 806 18 3,538 78 164 4 34 1 4,542 3Other 0 0 120 78 0 0 34 22 154 0Total Number of Households 59,533 35 68,935 40 30,483 18 13,309 8 172,261 100






Charcoal 1,877 36 1,526 29 1,620 31 162 3 5,185 3Firewood 57,657 35 67,095 40 28,793 17 13,112 8 166,657 97Crop Residues 0 0 314 82 70 18 0 0 385 0Livestock dung 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 100 35 0Total Number of Households 59,533 35 68,935 40 30,483 18 13,309 8 172,261 100

Sumbawanga Urban

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural Nkasi

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural Nkasi

Sumbawanga Urban

34.4 Number of Agricultural Households by Main Source of Energe Used for Lighting and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

District

Main Source of Energe for Lighting

Total

34.5: Number of Agricultural Households by Main Source of Energe Used for Cooking and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Main Source of Energe for Lighting

DistrictTotal


Appendix II 260

Source

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural Nkas Sumbawanga Urban

Piped Water Wet 11,669 11,568 2,105 4,523Dry 11,012 9,437 2,176 3,977

Protected Well Wet 14,432 12,777 14,981 1,468Dry 15,098 12,462 14,115 1,367

Protected / Covered Spring Wet 940 2,066 141 970Dry 805 2,421 141 935

Uprotected Well Wet 13,336 18,799 4,796 3,534Dry 14,894 21,297 4,797 3,669

Unprotected Spring Wet 6,247 5,363 3,995 1,779Dry 5,985 5,837 3,637 1,877

Surface Water (Lake / Dam / River / Stream Wet 12,392 17,780 4,068 551Dry 11,215 17,021 5,373 1,067

Covered Rainwater Catchment Wet 0 0 152 0Dry 0 0 80 0

Uncovered Rainwater Catchment Wet 383 583 165 452Dry 389 460 82 417

Tanker Truck Wet 134 0 0 0Dry 134 0 0 0

Other Wet 0 0 81 32Dry 0 0 81 0

Total Agricultural Households per District 59,533 68,935 30,483 13,309

Source

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural Nkas Sumbawanga Urban

Piped Water Wet 20 17 7 34Dry 18 14 7 30

Protected Well Wet 24 19 49 11Dry 25 18 46 10

Protected / Covered Spring Wet 2 3 0 7Dry 1 4 0 7

Uprotected Well Wet 22 27 16 27Dry 25 31 16 28

Unprotected Spring Wet 10 8 13 13Dry 10 8 12 14

Surface Water (Lake / Dam / River / Stream Wet 21 26 13 4Dry 19 25 18 8

Covered Rainwater Catchment Wet 0 0 0 0Dry 0 0 0 0Wet 1 1 1 3Dry 1 1 0 3Wet 0 0 0 0Dry 0 0 0 0Wet 0 0 0 0Dry 0 0 0 0

34.6: Number of Agricultural Households by Main Source of Drinking Water by Season ( Wet and Dry) and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

34.7: Proportion of Agricultural Households by Main Source of Drinking Water by Season ( Wet and Dry) and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

SeasonDistrict

Other

Tanker Truck

Uncovered Rainwater Catchment

District Season


Appendix II 261

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rura Nkas Sumbawanga Urban

Less than 100m Wet 2,257 6,975 960 232Dry 1,860 6,855 984 100

100 - 299 m Wet 13,639 13,807 9,151 2,842Dry 12,599 12,188 8,889 2,809

300 - 499 m Wet 6,570 6,549 5,759 2,044Dry 6,307 5,480 5,462 1,979

500 - 999 m Wet 16,234 14,640 9,572 4,718Dry 16,231 15,700 9,364 4,682

1 - 1.99 Km Wet 12,611 18,849 3,994 2,383Dry 11,672 15,726 4,269 2,276

2 - 2.99 Km Wet 4,103 5,700 966 918Dry 5,414 8,134 1,471 1,259

3 - 4.99 Km Wet 3,449 2,072 0 102Dry 4,244 3,582 0 134

5 - 9.99 Km Wet 671 343 82 69Dry 1,206 1,270 46 69

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rura Nkas Sumbawanga Urban

Less than 100m Wet 4 10 3 2Dry 3 10 3 1

100 - 299 m Wet 23 20 30 21Dry 21 18 29 21

300 - 499 m Wet 11 9 19 15Dry 11 8 18 15

500 - 999 m Wet 27 21 31 35Dry 27 23 31 35

1 - 1.99 Km Wet 21 27 13 18Dry 20 23 14 17

2 - 2.99 Km Wet 7 8 3 7Dry 9 12 5 9

3 - 4.99 Km Wet 6 3 0 1Dry 7 5 0 1

5 - 9.99 Km Wet 1 0 0 1Dry 2 2 0 1

Distance to main Source of Drinking Water

SeasonDistrict

34.9 Proportion of Agricultural Households Reporting Distance to Main Source of Drinking Water by Season (Wet and Dry) and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

DistrictDistance to main Source of Drinking Water

Season

34.8 Number of Agricultural Households Reporting Distance to Main Source of Drinking Water by Season (Wet and Dry) and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year


Appendix II 262


Wet 808 1,687 151 132Dry 672 1,330 151 136Wet 12,900 12,596 12,451 3,315Dry 11,843 12,142 12,136 3,349Wet 6,191 9,872 5,629 2,420Dry 5,925 8,218 5,617 2,420Wet 15,369 21,137 5,495 3,730Dry 15,105 20,338 5,601 3,285Wet 4,598 5,824 1,212 1,157Dry 4,456 6,273 1,080 1,159Wet 5,052 3,156 3,267 883Dry 4,521 3,281 3,229 852Wet 14,615 14,663 2,279 1,672Dry 17,011 17,354 2,670 2,109


Wet 1 2 0 1Dry 1 2 0 1Wet 22 18 41 25Dry 20 18 40 25Wet 10 14 18 18Dry 10 12 18 18Wet 26 31 18 28Dry 25 30 18 25Wet 8 8 4 9Dry 7 9 4 9Wet 8 5 11 7Dry 8 5 11 6Wet 25 21 7 13Dry 29 25 9 16

Distance to main Source of Drinking Water Season

District

34.10: Number of Agricultural Households by Time spent to and from Main Source of Drinking Water by Season (Wet and Dry) and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Distance to main Source of Drinking Water Season

District

34.11: Proportion of Agricultural Households by Time spent to and from Main Source of Drinking Water by Season (Wet and Dry) and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Less than 10

10 - 19 Minutes

20 - 29 Minutes

30 - 39 Minutes

40 - 49 Minutes

50 - 59 Minutes

above one Hour

Less than 10

10 - 19 Minutes

20 - 29 Minutes

30 - 39 Minutes

40 - 49 Minutes

50 - 59 Minutes

above one Hour


Appendix II 263



Households % Number of Household %

One 2,412 21 5,766 50 950 8 2,495 19 11,622 7Two 45,753 32 59,117 42 25,767 18 10,346 78 140,983 82Three 11,368 58 4,052 21 3,684 19 468 4 19,573 11Four 0 0 0 0 82 100 0 0 82 0Total 59,533 35 68,935 40 30,483 18 13,309 8 172,261 100




Not Eaten 24,155 31 36,652 46 12,615 16 5,733 7 79,156 46One 19,522 39 18,118 37 7,828 16 4,117 8 49,584 29Two 10,142 37 9,995 37 4,699 17 2,362 9 27,198 16Three 3,326 31 2,993 28 3,630 34 722 7 10,671 6Four 1,852 48 707 18 1,014 26 275 7 3,848 2Five 269 32 122 15 407 49 35 4 833 0Six 135 65 0 0 72 35 0 0 207 0Seven 133 17 348 46 217 28 65 9 763 0Total 59,533 35 68,935 40 30,483 18 13,309 8 172,261 100

Number of Days

DistrictTotal

Number of Meals per

Day

Total

Nkasi Sumbawanga

34.12: Number of Households by Number of Meals the Household Normally Took per Day by DistrictDistrict


34.13: Number of Households by Number of Days the Household Consumed Meat during the Preceding Week by District

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural


Appendix II 264




Not Eaten 22,709 46 18,803 38 5,145 10 2,768 6 49,425 29One 13,023 35 13,719 37 6,996 19 3,645 10 37,383 22Two 11,770 38 10,652 34 4,573 15 3,976 13 30,971 18Three 5,460 31 7,596 43 2,936 17 1,801 10 17,793 10Four 2,535 25 4,907 48 1,998 20 687 7 10,127 6Five 669 11 3,053 49 2,215 35 332 5 6,268 4Six 255 7 2,235 59 1,275 34 0 0 3,766 2Seven 3,113 19 7,970 48 5,345 32 100 1 16,528 10Total 59,533 35 68,935 40 30,483 18 13,309 8 172,261 100




Never 27,693 33 35,734 43 13,537 16 5,770 7 82,734 48Seldom 20,904 37 21,058 38 9,689 17 4,198 8 55,848 32Sometimes 3,196 27 5,964 50 1,777 15 1,020 9 11,957 7Often 5,207 39 4,221 32 2,376 18 1,408 11 13,212 8Always 2,533 30 1,958 23 3,105 36 914 11 8,509 5Total 59,533 35 68,935 40 30,483 18 13,309 8 172,261 100

34.14: Number of Households by Number of Days the Household Consumed Fish during the Preceding

Number of Days

DistrictTotal


34-15: Number of Agricultural Households Reporting the Status of Food Satisfaction of the Household during the Preceeding Year by District

Status of Food Satisfaction

DistrictTotal

Mpanda Sumbawanga Nkasi Sumbawanga Urban


Appendix II 265




Sales of Food Crops 30,051 36 36,355 43 12,760 15 5,141 6 84,309 49Sale of Livestock 370 20 902 48 325 17 267 14 1,864 1Sale of Livestock Products 134 32 0 0 82 20 204 48 420 0Sales of Cash Crops 6,437 90 237 3 76 1 439 6 7,189 4Sale of Forest Products 6,462 23 12,781 46 5,615 20 2,761 10 27,620 16Business Income 6,462 23 12,781 46 5,615 20 2,761 10 27,620 16Wages & Salaries in Cash 1,204 31 1,435 37 889 23 403 10 3,931 2Other Casual Cash Earnings 9,401 38 7,637 31 4,707 19 2,743 11 24,488 14Cash Remittance 1,028 24 1,938 45 856 20 509 12 4,331 3Fishing 329 4 4,708 50 4,298 46 35 0 9,370 5Other 383 48 0 0 79 10 335 42 796 0Total 59,533 35 68,935 40 30,483 18 13,309 8 172,261 100

34-16: Number of Households by Main Source of Income and District, 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Main Source of Cash Income

DistrictTotal



Appendix II 266




Iron Sheets 9,757 30 12,882 40 5,006 16 4,437 14 32,082 19Tiles 270 28 445 46 213 22 35 4 962 1Concreate 135 62 0 0 82 38 0 0 216 0Asbestos 536 25 1,371 63 278 13 0 0 2,186 1Grass/leaves 47,907 37 49,355 38 24,538 19 8,078 6 129,877 75Grass & Mud 929 13 4,883 70 367 5 759 11 6,937 4Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 59,533 35 68,935 40 30,483 18 13,309 8 172,261 100

34.17: Number of hoseholds BY Type of Roofing Materials and District during 2002/03 Agricultural Year

Roofing Materials

DistrictTotal

Mpanda Sumbawanga Rural Nkasi Sumbawanga

Urban


267

APPENDIX III QUESTIONNAIRES

Appendix III 268

Page Number ………………….

ACLF 1: Sub-village leader listing form

Region Code Ward _______________ Code

District _____________________ Code Village _______________Code

From office register

After enumeration

(3) (4)

Total

Name of enumerator……………………………… Signature ……………………………. Date…………….

Name of supervisor…………………………………Signature ……………………………. Date…………….

ConfidentialUNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Ministry of Water and Livestock Development, Ministry of Cooperatives and Marketing and the National Bureau of Statistics

Name of Village Chairman:…………………………………………………………………………………………..

Number of householdsComments

(5)(2)

Sub-village leader number

(1)

Name of sub-village leader

Agriculture Sample Census 2002/03

Appendix III 269

IntervalStarting point Page Number………………..

ACLF: 2 Household listing form - form for listing household heads and their agriculture activities

Region Code Name of Sub-village Leaader _______________________________

District Code Subvillage leader code

Ward Code

Village Code Name of Sub-village _______________________________

Adul

t fem

ale

cattl

e

Goa

ts

Rab

bit

(1) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)

Totals

* NOTE: (Column 13) Place a " " if the household has at least 1 field over 25m2 and/or keeps at least 1 Cow, 5 Goats/Sheep/Pigs or 50 Chicken/poultry or ducks

(Column 3) A field must be at least 25 m2

Name of enumerator…………………………………….. Signature ……………………………. Date……………………..….

Name of supervisor…………………………………. Signature ……………………………. Date………………..……….

Agriculture Sample Census 2002/03

UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

Farmer Serial Numbers

Confidential

Number of

if the respodent

qualifies to be a farmer

*

Cal

ves

Fiel

ds

Cattle

Cooperatives and Marketing and the National Bureau of Statistics

(2)

Household head name

Tota

l Num

ber

Adul

t mal

e ca

ttle

Shee

p

Household Number

Pigs

Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Ministry of Water and Livestock Development, Ministry of

poul

try/d

ucks

Appendix III 270

ACLF: 3 Household listing of 15 selected farmers

Region Code

District Code

Ward Code

Village Code

S/NRabbits

(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (12)

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

Number of

UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

National Agriculture Sample Census 2002/03

Confidential

Sheep Pig Poultry /ducks

Sub village leader

numberName of sub-village leader

Agriculture hh serial number

Name of selected head of householdFields Cattle Goat

(1) (2) (3)

Name of Enumerator:_____________________Signature__________________Date________________________

Cooperatives and Marketing and the National Bureau of StatisticsMinistry of Agriculture and Food Security, Ministry of Water and Livestock Development, Ministry of

Name of Supervisor______________________Signature__________________Date________________________

271

ACQ 1 CONFIDENTIAL

Enumerator Name Signature

Start timeDate Enumerated End time

Field level checking by:

District Supervisor: Name signature Date / /

Regional Supervisor: Name signature Date / /

National Supervisor: Name signature Date / /

District checking in Office:

District Supervisor Name signature Date / /

For Use at National Level only:

Data Entered by Name signature Date / /

Queried Name signature Date / /


National Bureau of Statisticsand

Executed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Ministry of Water and Livestock Development,

Agriculture Sample Census

2002/2003

Ministry of Cooperatives and Marketing

Small holder/Small Scale Farmer Questionnaire

Hour Minutes

yymmdd//

To be completed by thesupervisor ONLY afterfield/farm level checking ofthe enumeration process.This should becountersigned by theenumerator.

All questionnaires mustbe checked at the districtoffice.

See back page for detailsof query

272

1.0 IDENTIFICATION DETAILS

1.1 Location

S/N Location Name

1.1.1 Region ……………………………………………………………………

1.1.2 District ……………………………………………………………………

1.1.3 Ward ……………………………………………………………………

1.1.4 Village ……………………………………………………………………

1.2 Details of the respondent and household head

S/N

1.2.1 Name & number of local leader ………………………………………..

1.2.2 Name & number of household head ………………………………………..

1.2.3 Sex of household head (Male = 1, Female = 2)

1.2.4 Name of respondent ………………………………………..

1.2.5 Relationship of Respondent to Household Head

2.0 ACTIVITIES OF THE HOUSEHOLD

2.1 Type of Agriculture Household

2.2 Rank the following livelihood activities/source of income of the household in order of importance

Rank in orderS/N Livelihood/source of income activity. of importance

1=most 7=least

2.2.1 Annual Crop farming %

2.2.2 Permanent crop farming %

2.2.3 Livestock keeping/herding %

2.2.4 Off Farm Income %

2.2.5 Remittances %

2.2.6 Fishing/hunting and gathering %

2.2.7 Tree/forest resources (eg honey, firewood, timber,etc) %

(2)(1)

How important are each

Codes

Codes

(3)

of these activitiesexpressed in percentage.

Relationship to household head codes (Q 1.2.5)Head of Household…...1 Son/Daughter ……...3 Grandson/Granddaughter …...5 Other (friend, employee, etc)…8Spouse ……………..…2 Father/Mother …...…4 Other relative..………………...6

Agriculture household codes(Q2.1)Crops only.…………..1 Livestock only …………….2 Pastoralist……………..3 Crops and Livestock …………….4

1 0 0 %

273

Definition and working page for page 1General Definitions

Question Specific Definitions: Procedures for Questions:

Household: A group of people who occupy the whole or part of one or more housing units and makes joint provisions for food and/or otheressentials for living.

Household Head: A person who is acknowledged by all other members of the household either by virtue of his age or standing in thehousehold as the head. He/she should be a permanent resident of the house and he/she is the main person responsible for makingdecissions.

Type of Agriculture Holdings Codes (Q2.1): - Crops only: A holding is referred to be a crops only holding if it hascultivated a piece of land equal or exceeding 25 sq Meter. This also appliesto all households owning or have kept livestock whose number does notqualify such household to be an agricultural holding (No cattle, less than 5goats/sheep/pigs, less than 50 chickens/turkeys/ducks/rabbits)

- Livestock only: A holding is referred to be a Livestock only holding if it hasexercised Livestock husbandry only during the agricultural year. Thelivestock can be herded in search for areas of pasture, but the corehousehold unit always remains in the same place and the herder is rarelyaway from this place for long periods at a time.

- Livestock pastoralism: This refers to a household which practiceslivestock production as its major income generating activity and a means ofsubsistence, but moves from one place to another searching for water andpasture for the livestock. This movement usually involves long distances andin many cases the whole household unit moves with the livestock and theyhave no permanent place of residence.

For both livestock only and pastoralism , the number of livestock has to be at least 1head of cattle, 5 goats/sheep/pigs or 50 chickens/turkeys/ ducks/rabbits. This alsoapplies to all households owning or have cultivated a piece of land less than 25 sqmeter, which does not qualify such household be an agricultural holding.

- Both crops and livestock: A holding is referred to be a both crops andlivestock if it has cultivated a piece of land equal or exceeding 25 sq meterand if such households is owning or have kept livestock whose numberqualify such household be an agricultural holding.

Important livelihood activities/source of income (Q 2.2): - Crop farming: This refers to a household where crop production is itsmajor means of subsistence and income generation.

- Livestock farming/herding/pastoralism: This refers to a household wherelivestock farming/herding is its major means of subsistence & incomegeneration.

- Off Farm Income This refers to cash generated from activities other thanfrom the households holding. This can be from permanent employment (eggovernment/other), temporary employment/labouring and includes cashgenerated from working on other farmers farms.

-Remittances: Assistance from family members who are not currently part ofthe household, or from a relative or family friend. This assistance is usually inthe form of cash but it can also be in-kind (eg food, clothes, building material,farm tools, etc). The money is a gift and is not paid back.

-Fishing/hunting and gathering The use of non farmed resources for foodeg fishing, hunting wildlife and gathering mushrooms, berries, wild honeyroots from uncultivated land.

Small holder hh/small scale farm: Should have between 25sq metres and 20 Hectares under production, and/or between 1 and 50 head of Cattle, and/or between 5 and 100head of Sheep/Goats/Pigs, and/or between 50 and 1000 chickens/turkeys/ducks/rabbits.

Agricultural Holding: This is an economic unit of agricultural production under single management. It consists of all livestock kept and allland used for agricultural production without regard to title. For the purpose of this survey, the agricultural holdings are restricted to thosewhich meet one of the following conditions: - Having or operated at least 25 sq meter of arable land - Own or keep at least one head of cattle or five goats/sheep/pigs or fifty chicken/ducks/turkeys during the agricultural year 2002/03 (October 2002 to September 2003) .

Q 2.1 Type of agriculture household/holding

1. Using the options under the question classify the type of agriculture hh/holding

Note: If the hh had 1 acre of crops and raised 40chickens during 2002/03 it is classified as 'Cropsonly' as the number of chickens do not qualify thehh as keeping livestock.

Q 2.2 Important hh livelihood activities /source of income

1. Read the list in column 1 to the respondent andask him to rank them in order of importance during thereference year.

2. In column 2 Indicate the importance of eachactivity by placing '1' against the most important, '2'against the second most important, etc until you reach'7' the least important activity/source of income.

Note: You must attempt to fill in all boxes. Mosthouseholds will carry out these activities to agreater or lesser degree. You will normally have toprobe to get remittances.

If the hh did not undertake an activity during the2002/2003 agriculture year then mark theappropriate box in column 2 with an 'X'.

3. For each activity/source of income assign apercentage. The enumerator should assist therespondent in assigning the percentage based on theinformation provided by the farmer.

4. After completing column 3 make sure thepercentages add up to 100.

Note: It is not essential to be 100% accurate. Thisquestion is just to give the relative importance of thedifferent items in general terms

274

3.0 HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION3.1 Give details of personal particulars of all household members beginning with the head of the

householdRela- Read Edu- Invol- Off-farmion- Sex & ca- vement Income

S/N ship to M=1 Mo- Fa- Write tion in Yes=1head F=2 ther ther Status farming No=2

(1) (2) (3) (5) (6) (7) (8) (10) (12)

3.1.1 …………………

3.1.2 …………………

3.1.3 …………………

3.1.4 …………………

3.1.5 …………………

3.1.6 …………………

3.1.7 …………………

3.1.8 …………………

3.1.9 …………………

3.1.10 …………………

3.1.11 …………………

3.1.12 …………………

3.1.13 …………………

3.1.14 …………………

3.1.15 …………………

3.1.16 …………………

Survival of MainNot applicable for ch ldren under 5 years of age

Age

(4)

activity

(9) (11)

Names of household members & above)

Parents(if age is above EducationLevel

reached(for aged 599 years then

write 99)

1

Relation to head (Col 2)Head of household ……….1Spouse …………………….2Son/daughter ……………..3Father/Mother ………….…4Grandson/granddaughter .5Other Relative ………….....6Others …………………..…8

Survival of Parents (Col 5 & 6)Yes ………………………..1No ………………………..2Don't know ……………….3

Read & Write (Col 7)Swahili ……………………1English ……………………2Swahili & English ………...3Any other language ……..4Don’t Read/ Write ……….5

Education Status (Col 8)Attending School …………..1Completed ……….....……...2Never attended School ……3

Education Level Reached (Col 9)Primary Education Secondary EducationNot of school age ...........NA Form one ............................11Under Standard One .... 00 Form two ............................12Standard One ................01 Form three ..........................13Standard Two ................02 Form four ............................14Standard Three .............03 Form five ............................15Standard Four ...............04 Form six ..............................16 Standard Five ................05 Training after SecondaryStandard Six ..................06 Education ............................17Standard Seven ...........07 University & other tertiaryStandard Eight ..............08 Education ............................18 Training after Primary Adult Education ...................19Education ......................09 Not applicable .....................99Pre Form One ..............10

Involvement in farming activities (Col 10)Works full time on farm ...1Works part-time on farm 2Rarely works on farm ….3Never works on farm..….4

Main activity (Col 11)Crop Farming .....................01Livestock Keeping/Herding..02Livestock Pastoralism..........03Fishing ................................04Paid employment:- Government/parastatal ....05- Private- NGO/mission/etc .06Self employed (non farming)- with employees .................07- without employees ............08Unpaid family helper (nonagriculture) .........................09Not working & available.......10Not working & unavailable...11Housemaker/housewife ......12Student ...............................13Unable to work /too old/Retired/sick/disabled)..........14Other .................................98

275

Definition and working page for page 2Question Specific Definitions: Overview to section 3.0

Procedures for questions

Relation to head (Col 2):

- Household Head: A person who is acknowledged by all other members ofthe household either by virtue of their age or standing as the household head.

S Wif HRead and Write (Col 7):

- Any other language: Must be a written language.

For someone who can read and write in Swahili and any other language apartfrom English, the correct code is 1. For one who can read and write inEnglish and any other language apart from Swahili the correct code is 2.Code 4 should only be used for another language but not English or Swahili

Education Level Reached (Col 9):

Indicate the highest level only. For those still attending school fill in the lastyear reached before the survey period. For example if a hh member iscurrently in standard 7 this year his highest grade reached is standard 6

Main Activity (Col 11):

- Crop farming: The persons main activity is crop production. This can beannual crops, vegetables, permanent crops or tree farming.

- Livestock farming/herding: The persons main activity is livestockfarming/herding. The livestock can be herded in search for areas of pasture,but the core household unit always remains in the same place and the herderis rarely away from this place for long periods at a time. This category alsoincludes fish farming but not fishing.

- Livestock pastoralism: The persons main activity is in moving livestockfrom one place to another searching for water and pasture for the livestock.This movement usually involves long distances and in many cases the wholehousehold unit moves with the livestock and they may have no permanentplace of residence.

-Paid employment - In full time employment earning a cash income

- Government/Parastatal - In full time employment for a government Ministry, Department or Board that is controlled by the Government - Private/NGO/Mission/etc - employed by Non public/government organisation

-Self employee - works for own business for cash income

- With employees - Works for own business for cash and employs other workers- Without employees - Works for own business for cash but does not employ other workers

- Not working but available to work - No productive activity but would like tohave one.

- Not working & nor available for work - No productive activity and does notwant to have one.

- Unable to work too old, too young, retired, disabled, etc

Off-farm Income (Col 12) - Income made from activities NOT on the HH'sfarming activities. This can be any off farm income generation activity andincludes working for cash on other peoples farms.

Indicate whether each member was involved in an off farm incomegenerating activity during 2002/03

Section 3.0 - Preliminary note

1. Make sure that you define the hh properly toensure that all the members of the hh areincluded. Make sure you stress that the hh is notjust the hh heads direct family and that it includesother people living and eating together with thefamily.

2. If you notice that his house is large or yousee many people around his house and he hasonly given you small number of hh membersenquire further until you are sure that you havecaptured all the hh members.

Section 3.0 - Household Information

1. For each household member complete columns 1, 2 & 3.

2. After completing columns 1, 2 & 3 for each household member go back to the first household member and complete the remaining columns for that member.

3. Repeat step 2 for the rest of the household members

IMPORTANT NOTE: Cross check responses in columns 11 and 12with section 2 especially in relation to

off-farm income - if a hh member was involved inoff farm income then there should be a responsein question 2.2.4 and vice versa.

276

4.0 LAND ACCESS/OWNERSHIP/TENURE4.1 Details of area "owned" by the household in the 2002/03 agricultural year. Give area reported by

the respondent in "acres".4.1.1 Area Leased/Certificate of ownership 4.2 Was all land available to the hh used

4.1.2 Area owned under Customary Law during 2002/03 (Yes=1, No=2)

4.1.3 Area Bought from others4.1.4 Area Rented from others 4.3 Do you consider that you have

4.1.5 Area Borrowed from others sufficient land for the hh (Yes=1, No=2)

4.1.6 Area Share -cropped from others4.1.7 Area under Other forms of tenure ……… 4.4 Do any female members of the hh own or have

Total area customary right to land (Yes=1, No=2)

5.0 LAND USE5.1 Area operated by household under different forms of land use during 2002/03 agriculture year. Give

area reported by the respondent in "acres". Calculation area

5.1.1 Area under Temporary Mono-crops5.1.2 Area under Temporary Mixed crops (eg Maize & beans)5.1.3 Area under Permanent Mono-crops5.1.4 Area under Permanent Mixed crops (eg bananas, coffee & trees)

5.1.5 Area under Permanent/temporary mix (eg bananas & maize)5.1.6 Area under Pasture5.1.7 Area under Fallow5.1.8 Area under Natural Bush5.1.9 Area under Planted Trees5.1.10 Area Rented to others5.1.11 Area Unusable5.1.12 Area of Uncultivated Usable land (excluding fallow)

Total area6.0 ACCESS AND USE OF RESOURCES

6.1 In the following table indicate the distance to the different fields used by the householdS/N

Field Number6.1.1 16.1.2 26.1.3 3

6.2 In the following table indicate the distance and use of the following communal resourcesCommunalResource

6.2.1 Water for humans6.2.2 Water for livestock6.2.3 Communal Grazing6.2.4 Communal Firewood6.2.5 Wood for Charcoal6.2.6 Building poles6.2.7 Forest for bees (honey)6.2.8 Hunting(animal products)6.2.9 Fishing (Fish)

Area in Acres

Area in Acres

Distance (in kilometres) from field to:Homestead Nearest road Nearest Market

(1)

S/N Main

(4)dry season

(2) (3)wet season

Distance to resource (km)hh use

Main hh use (Col 4)Home or farm Consumption/utilisation…..1Sold to Neighbours...............…...…..…..2Sold to trader on the farm….............…...3Sold to village market ….…..............…..4Sold to local wholesale market...............5Sold to major wholesale market ..............6Not used by household.………................7Not available ........................................8

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Instructions for distance to resource(Col 2 and 3):If under 1km, write 0If above 1km round to whole numberseg 1.5km= 2km, 1.25km= 1km

.

Distance codesless than 100m …………1 between 2 and 3km ….6between 100 and 300m .2 between 3 and 5km …..7between 300 and 500m .3 between 5 and 10 km ..8between 500 and 1km....4 Over 10 km …………...9between 1 and 2km .…..5

277

Definition and working page for page 3Question Specific Definitions

Overview to section 4

Procedures for Questions

Section 4.1 - Land Access/OwnershipLease/Certificate of Ownership Area under lease/certificate of ownershiprefers to the area for which the household possesses a government issuedleasehold title or certificate of ownership. The land will normally be officiallysurveyed and boundaries marked. This includes leased land bought fromothers where the lease/certificate of ownership has been transferred.

Customary Law: This refers to the land which the hh does not have anofficial government title to but its right of use is granted by the traditionalleaders. This user-right agreement does not have to be granted directly bythe village leaders as right of access may be passed on through heredity.

Bought: This refers to the area of customary land that has been bought fromothers. This land does not have an official title and therefore is not leasehold.

Rented from others: Land rented from others for Cash or for a fixed amountin crop produce (eg fixed number of bags at harvest).

Borrowed: Use granted by land owner free of charge. Land owner caneither be a lease holder or has right of access through customary law.

Share Cropping: where the hh is permitted to use land which is then paid forfrom a percentage of the harvested crop.

Use of Communal Resources (Q6.2):-Communal resources - refers to the place onwhich all individual households can have accessto. It is not individually owned or controlled byone hh.

NOTE: The listed resources refers tocommunal resources and not thoseindividually owned or part shared. Theresource has to be freely accessible to thewhole village

Section 5.0 Land Use- Temporary crops: are sown and harvested during the same agricultural year

- Permanent crops: are sown or planted once and then , they occupy the landfor some years and need not to be replanted after each annual harvest.Permanent crops are mainly trees (e.g., apples) but also bushes and shrubs(e.g., berries), palms (e.g., dates), vines (e.g., grapes), herbaceous stems(e.g., bananas) and stemless plants (e.g., pineapples).

- Mixed Crops: This is a mixture of two or more crops planted together and mixed in the same plot/field. The two crops can either be randomly planted together or they can be planted in a particular patterm eg intercropping (1 row of maize and 1 row of beans). A field that has

been divided into plots for different crops is not mixed. This is furthersubdivided into:Permanent Mixed -two or more permanent crops grown together,Permanent/Temporary Mix - permanent crop and annual crop together,Temporary Mixed - two or more temporary, annual crops grown together.

- Pasture Land: This is an area of owned/allocated land which is set aside forlivestock grazing. It can be improved pasture where the farmer has plantedgrass, applied fertilized or applied other production increasing technologies toimprove the grazing. Or it can be rough pasture.

- Fallow: This is the area of land that is normally used for crop production, butis not used for crop production during a year or a number of years. This isnormally to allow for self generation of fertility/soil structure and is often anintegral part of the crop rotation system.

- Natural Bush: Land which is considered productive but is not undercultivation or used extensively for livestock production and has naturallygrowing shrubs and trees.

-Planted trees: Land which is used for planting trees for poles or timber

- Unusable: Land that is known to be non-productive for agriculture purposes

Uncultivated Usable: This is land that was not used for reasons other thanfallow. The reasons could be lack of inputs/money/rainfall/etc

Section 4.0 - Land Ownership

1. Ask the respondent if he knows the total area of landthe household has sole access to. If he knows make anote in the calculation space

2. Ask the respondent the area of the different landownership categories the household has sole accessto (Q4.1.1 to 4.1.7) and record in the appropriatespaces.

3. Add up the area of the different categories of landand compare it with the total area obtained in step 1 (ifthe respondent provided the information).

4. If the total area is different find out which one iscorrect and make amendments where appropriate.

Section 5.0 - Land Use

1. Ask the respondent the area of the differentlanduse categories the household has sole access to(Q5.1.1 to 5.1.12) and record in the appropriate spaces.

2. Add up the area of the different categories of landand compare it with the total area obtained in section4.0. The total area should be the same.

3. If the total area is different find out which one iscorrect and make amendments where appropriate.

Distance to fields (Q6.1):-fields A field is a contiguous piece of landholding which the farmer considers as a singleentity. The field may be divided into plots forgrowing different crops. A holding may consist ofone or more fields in different localities.

Section 4.0 - Preliminary noteLand Access/ OwnershipAccess/Ownership refers to the area utilized by themembers of the household. This does not includecommunal land where the resources are sharedbetween households. It does include official communalland that the hh has sole access to eg a plot for cropfarming in the communal area.

Section 6.2 Communal resources

Note: the code "Not available" means that theresource does not exist. The code "Not Used"means that the resource does exist but is not usedby the hh.

278

7.0 ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION - SHORT RAINY SEASON

7.1.1 Did the hh plant any crops during the Short Rainy season? (Yes = 1, No=2) If the response is 'NO' give main reason Then go to section 7.2

7.1.2 For each crop planted during 2002/03 Short Rainy season provide the following information

Soil % Irrig Fer Her Fun Pest mainLand prep impr -at -til -bic -gic -tic How How prod Mostly

Crop Clea -arat -oved -ion -iser -ide -ide -ide harv thres -uct soldName -ring -ion seed use use use use use ested hed code to

(3) (4) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (20)

…….

…….

…….

…….

…….

…….

…….

…….

…….

Total Planned/Planted Total area harvested

7.1.3 Main reason for difference between Area Planned and Area Planted 7.1.4 Main reason for difference between Area Planted and Area Harvested

Harvesting & Storage

(kgs)

QuantityStored(kgs)

Quantitysold

(18)

ActualPlantedCrop

CodePlanned

area (acres)

AreaHarvested(acres)

Planting Inputs Marketing

(19)(15)area (acres)

(17)

Quantityharvested

(Kgs)(1) (2) (5) (6)

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

Main Reason (Above) No rains.....1 Rains came too late …..2 Does not plant annual crops ............3 No money 4 Don’t get Vuli season ..5 Illness/social problems ......................6 Has irrigation & does not follow season (give annual production in Masika) ............7

Soil preparation Method (Col 4) Mostly tractor ploughing .1Mostly Oxen ploughing ..2Mostly Hand cultivation ..3

Fertiliser codes (Col 9) Mostly Farm Yard Manure 1Mostly Compost ….………2Mostly Inorganic fertiliser ..3No fertiliser applied …… ..4

Agrochemical use codes (Col 10,11 &12) Used on all crop …………1Used on 3/4 of crop …….2Used on 1/2 of crop…..…3Used on 1/4 of crop ..…...4Used on less than 1/4 …..5Not used …………………6

Threshed/harvested (Col13 & 14) By hand …………………….1By draft animal …………….2By human powered tool…...3By engine driven machine...4Not applicable ……………..9

Main product (Col 16) Dry Grain…………...……1Green cob/green pod...…2Green leaves & Stem……3Straw, dry stems etc …….4Root, tuber, etc ….……...5Flower eg pyrethrum …...6Fruit/bunch ...…………...7Other………...…………..8Not harvested yet ………9

Reason for difference between area planned and planted (Q7.1.3) Drought ………………………………………….......…....1Floods …………………………………….......…………...2Access to land preparation tools (Draft animal/tractors).3Credit ...……………………………………...…………….4Access to seeds/planting material...................................5Access to other inputs ...................................................6Other ............…................……………………………….8Not applicable ..………...………………………………...9

Reason for difference between area planted and harvested (Q7.1.4) Drought …………………..1Rain/flood damage ………2Fire damage ……………..3Pest damage …………….4Animal damage ………….5Theft ……………………...6Illness/social problems ......7 Other ……….……………8Not applicable .…………..9

Mostly sold to (Col 20) Neighbour………...01Local market/tradestore ......................02Secondary Market..03Tertiary Market …..04Marketing Coop ….05Farmer Association06Largescale farm ....07Trader at Farm ….08Contract Partner ...09Did not sell ……….10Other ………....….98

Irrigation Use (Col 8) Used on all crop …….….1Used on 3/4 of crop ……2Used on 1/2 of crop..…..3Used on 1/4 of crop …...4 Used on less than 1/4….5Not used …………….…6

Improved seed Use (Col 7) all Improved …………....1approx 3/4 improved…..2approx 1/2 improved…..3approx 1/4 improved…..4less than 1/4 improved ..5No improved seed used.6

Land Clearing (Col 3) Mostly bush clearance ...1Mostly hand slashing .....2Mostly tractor slashing ...3Mostly burning …………4No land clearing………..5

… … …

279

Definitions and working page for page 4Working table for the calculationof area occupied by annual cropin a mixtureCrop mixture 1

Permanent crop 1

Permanent crop 2

Permanent crop 3

Permanent crop 4

Total Area of permanent crops in mix

REMAINING AREA UNDER TEMPORARY CROPS

Temporary/permanent crop name 1



Total area check Crop total check

Crop mixture 2

Permanent crop 1

Permanent crop 2

Permanent crop 3

Permanent crop 4


REMAINING AREA UNDER TEMPORARY CROPScrop area




Total area check Crop total check

(f)

Total ground

Total no. Total ground

(ACRES)(f)

area of plantsof plants

(d)

Ground Total no.

(e)

Groundarea/plant

area/plant(ACRE)

crop%

(a)

of mix

(c)(b)

Crop

(a)

(acre)

Total area

Total areaof mix(acre)(c)

CropName(b)

Name

crop%

(d)

crop area

of plants area of plants(ACRE) (ACRES)

(e)

Temporary/Annual Crop:Crops which are planted and harvested within a period of 12 months after which time the plants die. Most annual crops are planted and harvested on aseasonal basis.

Crop Codes (Cereals/tubers/roots):Code Crop 11 Maize 12 Paddy 13 Sorghum 14 Bulrush Millet 15 Finger Millet 16 Wheat 17 Barley 22 Sweet Potatos 23 Irish potatos24 Yams 25 Cocoyams 26 Onions27 Ginger

Land Clearing: Refers to removing trees/bush/grass prior to ploughingSoil Preparation: Refers to the seedbed preparation (ploughing, harrowing, etc)Planned Area: Area in Acres the household planned to plant before the season startedActual Planted Area: The area in Acres the household was able to plant.Area Harvested: The area in Acres that produced a harvest. This is the same as the area planted minus the area that was destroyed by major flood/pest/ animal/etc damage.

Crop Codes Legumes Oil & fruit:Code Crop 31 Beans 32 Cowpeas 33 Green gram 35 Chick peas 36 Bambara nuts37 Field peas 41 Sunflower42 Simsim 43 Groundnut47 Soyabeans48 Caster seed

Vegetable Codes:Co Crop -de 86 Cabbage 87 Tomatoes88 Spinach89 Carrot90 Chillies91 Amaranths92 Pumpkins93 Cucumber94 Egg Plant95 Water Mellon96 Cauliflower

Instructions for calculating the area of mixed crops in a mixture.A. If the mixed crop is mixed annual only enter the total area of the field in the REMAINING AREA UNDER TEMPORARY CROPS. and goto step 1 of these instructions.B. If the mixed crop is mixed permanent and annual try to get the % occupied by the different crops and calculate the area of annual crops outlined in step 1. Otherwise use the number of trees method to calculate the area of annual crops in the mix, Step CC. Number of trees method to calculate annual crop areas in a peranent-annual crop mix/ (i) list each of the permanent crops in column b and enter the ground area per acre for each permanent crop (from instructions for page 6) in column 'd'. (ii) obtain the number of permanent trees in the mix from the respondent and enter the number in column 'e'. (iii) calculate the area occupied by each crop by multiplying column 'd' with column 'e' and sum these to obtain the total area of permanent crops in the mix. (iv) subtract the total area of permanent crops in the mix from the total area of mix and enter the result in the total area under temporary crops. (v) proceed to step 1 to calculate the area under each temporary crop.1. Enter the name of each annual crop in the mix & estimate the percentage of each crop.2. Using the percentages for each crop calculate the area of each crop from the REMA NING AREA UNDER TEMPORARY CROPS.3. After completing this exercise for all fields, sum the area of each crop in the mix plus any monocrops and enter totals in section 7.1 col 6.4. Obtain an estimate of the planned area for each crop and enter it in column 55. If the area harvested is different to the area planted estimate the harvest area6. Once the quantity harvested is obtained calculate the Yield (Metric tonnes/acre) & compare the figure with the norms given in the crop codes box. If it is excessively different check the area and the amount harvested.

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Cash Crop Codes:Code Crop 50 Cotton 51 Tobacco53 Pyrethrum62 Jute19 Seaweed

280

7.2 ANNUAL CROP AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTION - LONG RAINY SEASON

7.2.1 Did the hh plant any crops during the LONG RAINY season? (Yes=1 No=2) If the response is 'NO' give main reason Then go to section 7.3

7.2.2 For each crop planted during 2002/03 Long Rainy season provide the following information

Soil % Irrig Fer Her Fun Pest mainLand prep impr -at -til -bic -gic -tic How How prod mostly

Crop Clea -arat -oved -ion -iser -ide -ide -ide harv thres -uct soldName -ring -ion seed use use use use use ested hed code to

(3) (4) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (16) (20)

…….

…….

…….

…….

…….

…….

…….

…….

…….

Total Planned/Planted Total area harvested

7.2.3 Main reason for difference between Area Planned and Area Planted 7.2.4 Main reason for difference between Area Planted and Area Harvested

Quantity


(15)

Quantity

(Kgs)(17)

Marketing

(18)

sold(Kgs)

(1) (2) (5) (6)

Planting Inputs

(19)

Planted HarvestedActual Area

StoredQuantityharvested

(kgs)Crop PlannedCode area (acres) area (acres) (acres)

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

… … …

Soil preparation Method (Col 4) Mostly tractor ploughing .1Mostly Oxen ploughing ..2Mostly Hand cultivation ..3

Fertiliser codes (Col 9) Mostly Farm Yard Manure 1Mostly Compost ….………2Mostly Inorganic fertiliser ..3No fertiliser applied …… ..4

Improved seed Use (Col 7) all Improved …………....1approx 3/4 improved…..2approx 1/2 improved…..3approx 1/4 improved…..4less than 1/4 improved ..5No improved seed used.6

Land Clearing (Col 3) Mostly bush clearance ...1Mostly hand slashing .....2Mostly tractor slashing ...3Mostly burning …………4No land clearing ……….5

Irrigation Use (Col 8) Used on all crop ……….1Used on 3/4 crop …..…2Used on 1/2 crop ……..3Used on 1/4 of crop…...4Used on less than 1/4 …5Not used …………….…6

Agrochemical use codes (Col 10,11 &12) Used on all crop …………1Used on 3/4 of crop …….2Used on half of crop….....3Used on 1/4 of crop ..…...4Used on less than 1/4 …..5Not used …………………6

Reason for difference between area planned and planted (Q7.2.3) Drought ………………………………………….......…....1Floods …………………………………….......…………...2Access to land preparation tools (Draft animal/tractors).3Credit ...……………………………………...…………….4Access to seeds/planting material...................................5Access to other inputs ..................................................Other ............…................……………………………….8Not applicable ..………...………………………………...9

Reason for difference between area planted and harvested (Q7.2.4) Drought …………………..1Rain/flood damage ………2Fire damage ……………..3Pest damage …………….4Animal damage ………….5Theft ……………………...6Illness/social problems ......7Other ………..……………8Not applicable..…………..9

… … …

Main Reason (Above) No rains.....1 Rains came too late …..2 Does not plant annual crops .........3 No money 4 Illness/social problems ..5

Threshed/harvested (Col13 & 14) By hand ……………………..1By draft animal ……………..2By human powered tool……3By engine driven machine…4Not applicable ……………..9

Main product (Col 16) Dry Grain…………...………1Green cob/green pod...…...2Green leaves & Stem……...3Straw, dry stems etc ……...4Root, tuber, etc ….………..5Flower eg pyrethrum ……..6Fruit/bunch.………………..7Others ……………………..8Not harvested yet ………...9

Mostly sold to (Col 20) Neighbour………...01Local market/tradestore ......................02Secondary Market..03Tertiary Market …..04Marketing Coop ….05Farmer Association06Largescale farm ....07Trader at Farm ….08Contract Partner ...09Did not sell ……….10Other ………....….98

281

Definitions and working page for page 5Working table for the calculationof area occupied by annual cropin a mixtureCrop mixture 1

Permanent crop 1

Permanent crop 2

Permanent crop 3

Permanent crop 4



Temp crop area

Permanent/Temporary crop name 1



Total area check Temoporary crop total check

Crop mixture 2

Permanent crop 1

Permanent crop 2

Permanent crop 3

Permanent crop 4



Temp crop area




Total area check Temoporary crop total check

Total groundCrop of mix area/plant of plants area of plants

Total area Ground Total no.

(ACRES)(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Name (acre) (ACRE)

Ground Total no. Total ground

Temp crop%

Total area

Name (acre)Crop of mix

(ACRE) (ACRES)area of plantsarea/plant of plants

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Temp crop%

Temporary/Annual Crop:Crops which are planted and harvested within a period of 12 months after which time the plants die. Most annual crops are planted and harvested on a seasonal basis.

Crop Codes (Cereals/tubers/roots):Code Crop 11 Maize 12 Paddy 13 Sorghum 14 Bulrush Millet 15 Finger Millet 16 Wheat 17 Barley 22 Sweet Potatos 23 Irish potatos24 Yams 25 Cocoyams 26 Onions27 Ginger

Cash Crop Codes:Code Crop 50 Cotton 51 Tobacco53 Pyrethrum62 Jute19 Seaweed

Land Clearing: Refers to removing trees/bush/grass prior to ploughingSoil Preparation: Refers to the seedbed preparation (ploughing, harrowing, etc)Planned Area: Area in Acres the household planned to plant before the season startedActual Planted Area: The area in Acres the household was able to plant.Area Harvested: The area in Acres that the household got most of its production from. This is the same as the area planted minus the area that was destroyed by major flood/pest/ animal/etc damage

Crop Codes Legumes Oil & fruit:Code Crop 31 Beans 32 Cowpeas 33 Green gram 35 Chick peas 36 Bambara nuts 37 Field peas41 Sunflower42 Simsim 43 Groundnut47 Soyabeans48 Caster seed

Vegetable Codes:Code Crop 27 Ginger 86 Cabbage 87 Tomatoes88 Spinach89 Carrot90 Chillies91 Amaranths92 Pumpkins93 Cucumber94 Egg Plant95 Water Mellon96 Cauliflower20 Garlic

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Instructions for calculating the area of mixed crops in a mixture.A. If the mixed crop is mixed annual only enter the total area of the field in the REMAINING AREA UNDER TEMPORARY CROPS. and goto step 1 of these instructions.B. If the mixed crop is mixed permanent and annual try to get the % occupied by the different crops and calculate the area of annual crops outlined in step 1. Otherwise use the number of trees method to calculate the area of annual crops in the mix (Step C).C. Number of trees method to calculate annual crop areas in a peranent-annual crop mix (i) list each of the permanent crops in column b and enter the ground area per acre for each permanent crop (from instructions for page 6) in column 'd'. (ii) obtain the number of permanent trees in the mix from the respondent and enter the number in column 'e'. (iii) calculate the area occupied by each crop by multiplying column 'd' with column 'e' and sum these to obtain the total area of permanent crops in the mix. (iv) subtract the total area of permanent crops in the mix from the total area of mix and enter the result in the total area under temporary crops. (v) proceed to step 1 to calculate the area under each temporary crop.1. Enter the name of each annual crop in the mix & estimate the percentage of each crop.2. Using the percentages for each crop calculate the area of each crop from the REMAINING AREA UNDER TEMPORARY CROPS.3. After completing this exercise for all fields, sum the area of each crop in the mix plus any monocrops and enter totals in section 7.1 col 6.4. Obtain an estimate of the planned area for each crop and enter it in column 55. If the area harvested is different to the area planted estimate the harvest area6. Once the quantity harvested is obtained calculate the Yield (Metric tonnes/acre) & compare the figure with the norms given in the crop codes box. If it is excessively different check the area and the amount harvested.

282

7.3 PERMANENT/PERENNIAL CROPS AND FRUIT TREE PRODUCTION

7.3.1 Does your household have any permanent/perennial crops or fruit trees (Yes=1, No=2)

7.3.2 For each of the permanent crops and fruit trees owned by the household provide the following information

Perm Perman Number of Irrig Fert Herb Fun Pest main If no-anent -ent crop/ permanent -at -ilis -ic -gic -ici prod harvest mostlyCrop fruit tree Plants/trees in a -ion -er -ide -ide -de -uct give re soldName crop Code MIXED CROP use use use use use code -ason to

(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (13) (15) (18)

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

……

MIXED CROPMONOCROP

(acres) (acre)

trees/Bushes in MONO CROP

(kgs)

Number ofmatureplants

QuantityStored(Kgs)

Quantity

Size of production unit

Quantitysold

Area covered byPermanent Crop in a MIXED CROP

MarketingInputsArea of Plants/

harvested

(17)(12) (16)(14)(1) (2) (3) (4) (11)


AreaHarvested(acres) (kgs)

Fertiliser codes (Col 7) Mostly Farm Yard Manure ...1Mostly Compost 2Mostly Inorganic fertiliser .3No fertiliser applied ..4

Main product (Col 13) Dry Grain ... 1Green cob/green pod..2Green leaves & Stem..3Straw, dry stems etc ...4Root, tuber, etc . ..5Flower ..6Fruit/bunch .. 7Other ..8Not harvested yet ..9

Main Reason for no harvest(Col 15) Crop not harvested yet ...1Drought ....2Rain/flood damage .....3Fire damage 4Pest damage ...5Animal damage ...6Theft .7Other ......... ..8Not applicable . 9

Mostly sold to (Col 18) Neighbour .. ......01Local market/trade store.....02Secondary Market .........03Tertiary Market .......04Marketing Coop ......... 05Farmer Association . .......06Largescale farm .........07Trader at farm ........ 08Contract Partner ........09Did not sell ..........10Other ................................98

Irrigation Use (Col 6) Used on all crop . .1Used on most crop .2Used on half crop . ..3Used on small amount of crop..4Not used on crop . . .5

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1

Agrochemical use codes (Col 8, 9 & 10) Used on all crop 1Used on 3/4 of crop .2Used on 1/2..of crop .....3Used on 1/4 of crop .. ...4less than 1/4 of crop .5Not used 6

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283

Definitions and working page for page 6

Permanent Crop:Permanent crops: are sown or planted once and then , they occupy the land for some years and neednot to be replanted after each annual harvest. Permanent crops are mainly trees (e.g., apples) but also bushes and shrubs (e.g., berries), palms (e.g., dates), vines (e.g., grapes), herbaceous stems (e.g., bananas) and stemless plants (e.g., pineapples).

Permanent crops (oils):

Code Crop Ground area/plant 44 Palm Oil 0.00049 45 Coconut 0.00037 46 Cashewnut 0.00062

Permanent (Cash crops)

Code Crop Ground area/plant 53 Sisal 0.0001254 Coffee 0.00049 55 Tea 0.00037 56 Cocoa 0.00049 57 Rubber 0.0009958 Wattle 0.0009959 Kapok 0.0012460 Sugar Cane 0.0001261 Cardamom 0.0004963 Tamarin 0.0009964 Cinamon 0.0012465 Nutmeg 0.0009966 Clove 0.0007418 Black Pepper 0.0003734 Pigeon pea 0.0002521 Cassava 0.0001975 Pineapple 0.00006

Number of mature plants: This is the number of plants which bared harvest.

Permanent Crops:

Code Crop Ground area/plant70 Passion Fruit 0.0007471 Banana 0.00037 72 Avocado 0.00099 73 Mango 0.00099 74 Papaw 0.0003776 Orange 0.00074 77 Grapefruit 0.00074 78 Grapes 0.00012 79 Mandarin 0.0007480 Guava 0.0007481 Plums 0.0007482 Apples 0.0007483 Pears 0.0007484 Peaches 0.0007485 Lime/lemon 0.0007468 Pomelo 0.0009969 Jack fruit 0.0007497 Durian 0.0007498 Bilimbi 0.0007499 Rambutan 0.0007467 Bread fruit 0.0009938 Malay apple 0.0007439 Star fruit 0.00074

Total number of plants:This includes both mature harvestable plants and immature non harvestable plants.

Instructions for Permanent crop mono stands and mixtures

A. For fields that are monocrop permanent, ONLY enter the area of plants in column 3. B. For fields that are mixed permanent calculate the area of each crop based on the % occupied by each crop method (NOT using the number of trees method) and ONLY enter the area in column 4

C. For fields that are mixed permanent/annual either: - ONLY enter the area in column 4 if the area of the permanent crop was based on the % occupied by each crop method OR - ONLY enter the number of trees in column 5 if the number of permanent crop plants was provided

Working Area/calculation space

284

7.4 Main use of Secondary Products

7.5 Did you use Secondary Products from any of your crops during the 2002/03 year. (Yes=1, No=2)If the response is 'NO' go to section 8.0

7.6 List the main crops with secondary products and provide the following details:Secondary Prod Usedproduct code for Unit

(4) (5) (6)

7.6.1 …………. ………………

7.6.2 …………. ………………

7.6.3 …………. ………………

7.6.4 …………. ………………

7.6.5 …………. ………………

7.6.6 …………. ………………

8.0 AGROPROCESSING AND BY-PRODUCTS

8.1 Did the household process any of the products harvested on the farm during 2002/03 (Yes=1, No=2)If the response is 'NO' go to section 9.0

8.2 List the main crops processed and provide the following details:Main By-

S/N Proc Prod Quantity Whe Prod Quantity QuanCrop Crop -ess -uct Used of main Quantity -re -uct Used of by- -tityname Code -ed code for Unit product Sold sold code for Unit product Sold

(3) (5) (6) (8) (9) (11) (12)

8.2.1 …….

8.2.2 …….

8.2.3 …….

8.2.4 …….

8.2.5 …….

8.2.6 …….

(13)(10)

(1) (3) (8) (9)(7)(2)

(1) (2)

Total valueof sold units (Tsh.)

No of unitssold

(14)(4) (7)

S/NCrop Total no ofname

CropCode Units

Mainly used for (Col 5) Feeding to livestock ..1 Consumed by hh .……….4Building material …...2 Sold …………………….....5 Fuel for cooking ….. 3 Did not use….....……….…6

Unit (Col 6) Loose Bundle/bunch ..……1 kg …………...…5Compressed bunch/Bail….2 Stems ………….6Tin ……………………….. 3 Sack ……………7Bucket …………………....4 Other ………..…8

Used for (Col 5 & 11) Household/human consumption ..1 Fuel for cooking ………………….2Sale …..………………...………..3 Animal consumption……………..4Did not use ………………………5Other ………...…………………..8

Unit (Col 6 & 12) Loose bundle/bunch ..……1 Compressed bunch/bail….2 Tin ….…………….……….3 Bucket …………………….4kg …………...…………….5litre ………………………..6Other ……………………..8

Processed (Col 3) On farm by hand…...……1 On farm by machine…….2 By neighbours machine...3By farmers association …4 By Cooperative union …..5By trader ………………...6On Large scale farm …...7By factory ………............9Other .............................8

Where sold (Col 9) Neighbour…………..…1Local market/trade store ………….……….2Secondary Market …..3Marketing Coop …...…4Farmer Association .….5Largescale farm ………6Trader at farm …….….7Did not sell …………….9Other ………..........…..8

By-product code(Col 10) Bran ……………...01Cake ……………..02Husk ……………..03Juice ……………..04Fiber ……………..05Pulp ……………...06Oil ………………..07Shell ……………..08Other ……….……98

Main product code (Col 4) Flour/meal..……….1Grain………………2Oil .. ………………3Juice………………4Fiber..……………..5Pulp ………………6Sheet ………..……7Other …………….8

Main product (Col 4) Green leaves & Stem..1 Flower …4Straw, dry stems etc …2 Fruit …...5Root, tuber, etc ….…..3 Other …..8

285

Definition and working page for page 7Temporary/annual crop codes for section 7.4 col 2 General Definition for Section 7.4

SecondaryCrop Crop Product Main ProductsCode Name Question 7.4 (Section 8.0) 1 2

11 Maize Stems/straw Flour Bran12 Paddy Stems/straw polished rice grain husk13 Sorghum Stems/straw flour14 Bulrush Millet Stems/straw flour15 Finger Millet Stems/straw flour16 Wheat Stems/straw flour Bran17 Barley Stems/straw flour Bran21 Cassava Leaves/stems flour22 Sweet Potatoes Leaves23 Irish potatoes Procedures for Questions24 Yams25 Cocoyams26 Onions27 Ginger31 Beans straw/stems32 Cowpeas straw33 Green gram straw34 Pigeon peas stems35 Chick peas straw36 Bambara nuts straw/stems oil cake41 Sunflower Stems oil Cake42 Simsim straw oil Cake43 Groundnut straw oil Cake47 Soya beans straw oil Cake48 Caster seed straw oil Cake75 Pineapple Juice50 Cotton straw fibre/seed oil cake51 Tobacco53 Pyrethrum straw insecticide62 Jute fibre86 Cabbage87 Tomatoes88 Spinach89 Carrot90 Chillies dried powder91 Amaranths92 Pumpkins leaves93 Cucumber94 Egg Plant95 Water Mellon96 Cauliflower44 Oil Palm leaves oil outer oil inner cake45 Coconut leaves/husk milk46 Cashewnut Fruit fruit juice shell liquid Question Specific Definitions52 Sisal stems fibre oil54 Coffee stems beans husks55 Tea stems56 Cocoa stems cocoa cocoa butter57 Rubber stems58 Wattle stems59 Kapok stems60 Sugar Cane sugar/juice molasses ethanol61 Cardamom71 Banana leaves/stems juice72 Avocado stems73 Mango stems Juice74 Paw paw Juice76 Orange stems Juice77 Grape fruit stems Juice78 Grapes stems Juice79 Mandarin stems Juice80 Guava stems81 Plums stems82 Apples stems83 Pears stems84 Pitches stems85 Lime/Lemon stems juice

Bi-product (Sect 8.0)Agroprocessing & bi-products Secondary Products: Second most

important product from a crop. Eg a household may consider the grain from maize as the primary product and the stems/straw as the secondary product.

Note: Secondary products are NOT the same as bi-products. By-products are the result of a processing activity and are dealt with in section 8.0.

Q 7.6 Details of Secondary Products:

1. From the list of crops in Q 7.1.2,7.2.2 & 7.3.2, ask the respondent if the hhused any secondary products. List thecrop names and codes in column 1 and 2for those crops that the hh usedsecondary products.2. For the listed crops give details ofthe secondary products used.3. If no units were sold, enter "0" incolumns 8 & 9.

Agroprocessing and bi-products (Q 8.2)(Note: Agroprocessing refers to the processing of crops for hh utilisation and for sale)

Main Product (Col 5):Main Product after processing. Eg for Paddy it may be the polished grain. For Maize it may be flour.Bi-Product code (Col 11): is the secondary residue after processing, eg for rice it may be the husk. for maize it may be the bran.

Mainly used for (Col 5 & 11): - Consumed by household can mean eaten or utilised in another way (eg by animals) by the hh.

Q 8.0 Agroprocessing & bi-products: 1. From the list of crops in Q 7.1.2, 7.2.2 & 7.3.2, ask the respondant if the hh processed any of these crops during the 2002/03 agriculture year. List the crop names and codes in column 1 and 2 for those crops that were processed by the hh.2. For the listed crops give details of the secondary crops used.3. If no main product or bi-product was sold enter "0" in columns 8 & 14.4. If no bi-product was produced enter "0" in columns 10, 11, 12, 13 &14.

286

9.0 CROP STORAGE

9.1 Did the household store any crops during the 2002/03 agriculture year? (Yes =1, No=2)If the response is 'NO' go to section 10.0

9.2 For each of the listed crops provide the following details on storage Stor Normal Estimate

S/N Crop Name -ed Method duration Main Estimate

Y=1 of of pur Storage

No=2 Storage storage -pose loss(2) (6)

9 2.1 Maize

9 2 2 Paddy

9 2 3 Sorghum/Millet

9 2.4 Beans, peas, etc

9 2 5 Wheat

9 2.6 Coffee

9 2.7 Cashewnut

9 2.8 Tobacco

9 2 9 Cotton

9 2.10 Groundnuts/bambara

10.0 MARKETING

10.1 Did the household sell any crops from the 2002/03 agriculture year? (Yes=1, No=2)(If the response is 'YES' or 'NO' go to section 10.2)

10.2 For each of the following crops what was the main marketing problem faced by the household during 02/03Main Main

Crop problem Crop problem

10.2.1 Maize 10.2 9 Vegetables10.2.2 Rice 10.2.10 Tree Fruits 110.2.3 Sorghum/millet 10.2.11 Cashewnut 10.3.1 Biggest problem

10.2.4 Wheat 10.2.12 Cotton 10.3.2 2nd problem

10.2.5 Beans, peas etc 10.2.13 Tobacco 10.3.3 3rd problem

10.2.6 Cassava 10.2.14 Groundnuts/bamabara 10.3.4 4th problem

10.2.7 Bananas 10.2.15 Trees/timber/poles 10.3.5 5th problem

10.2.8 Coffee 10.2.16 Fish

10.4 What was the main reason for not selling crops during 2002/03 year …………………………………

2

(1)

Current

Quantity

Stored

(kg)

(2)(1)

(3) (4)

(2)

(5) (7)

(1)

Main method of Storage (Col 4) In locally made traditional structure..1 In Improved locally made structure .2In modern store …................……...3In Sacks/open drum..............……...4In airtight drum …………………….5Unprotected pile ............................6Other ...............………………........8

Duration of Storage (Col 5) Less than 3 months …....…….........1 Between 3 and 6 months ...............2Over 6 months …………................3

Main purpose of storage (Col 6) Food for the household ………………1To sell for higher price ……………….2seed for planting.……………………..3Other ………...……………………….8

Storage loss (Col 67) Little or no loss …………...1 Up to 1/4 loss …………….2 Between 1/4and 1/2 loss ..3Over 1/2 loss …..………...4

Market problems (Q10.2 & 10.3 (Col 2)) Open market price too low …....01 Market too far ……………….......05 Government Regulatory board problems...09No transport ……….......……....02 Farmer association problems .....06 Lack of market Information .......................10Transport cost too high ….....…03 Cooperative Problems ................07 Other (specify) .........……………………....98No buyer ……………….......…..04 Trade Union problems ...............08 Not Applicable ............................................99

Reason for not selling crops (Q10.4) Price too low ………….....................1 Farmer association problems ..…................4 Government regulatory board problems ....7Production insufficient to sell…….....2 Cooperative Problems.................................5 Other (specify) .…………………….............8Market too far ……………………. ...3 Trade Union problems ................................6 Not Applicable ……………………..............9

10.3 From the list of marketing problems below, for all produce rank the five most important problems

287

Definition and working page for page 8Question Specific definitions (Section 9.0) Procedures for QuestionsCrop Storage, Section 9

Marketing problems Q 10.2 and 10.3 col 2: - Farmer Association: A village or community based group of farmers who have formed an organisation to purchase inputs/sell/store their products in order to achieve a better price for their products.

- Cooperative Union: Large inter-village /community organisation set up on a district/regional or national basis for providing inputs, marketing and storing farmers products.

- Government Regulatory board: Government control body for setting prices and controlling quality of certain agriculture commodities.

Q 9.2 Details of Crop Storage:

1. For the crops listed indicate if thehousehold stored any during 2002/03 incolumn 2.

2. Check that the crops correspond to thecrop lists in Q 7.1.2, 7.2.2 & 7.3.2. If there isa difference inquire on the reason why. It ispossible that a crop was missed during theenumeration of these questions and if somake necessary amendments 3. For the listed crops give details ofstorage.

Q 10.2 Details on Crop Marketing:

1. For each of the crops listed indicate themain problems in marketing during 2002/03 incolumn 2.

2. Check if the crops correspond to thecrop lists list in Q 7.1.2, 7.2.2 & 7.3.2. If thereis a difference inquire on the reason why. Itis poss ble that a crop was missed during theenumeration of these questions and if somake necessary amendments


Q 10.3 Ranking of market problems:

Rank in order of importance the 5 mostimportant marketing problems from the codesin the Market Problems code box.

Method of Storage (column 4) - Locally made structure: The structures that have been inherited from their fore fathers

- Improved locally made structure: Traditional structures that have been improved using modern technology.

- Normal duration of storage: Often there are stored stocks from different seasons and different years. The normal duration refers to the number of months that the most of the crop is stored for.

288

11.0 ON-FARM INVESTMENT

11.1 Does the household practice irrigation (Yes=1, No=2)If the response is 'NO' go to section 11.3

S/N

11.1.1

11.2 Does the household have any erosion control/water harvesting facilities on their land (Yes=1, No=2)If the response is 'NO' go to section 12.0

Type of erosion control/ Number Year of Type of erosion control/ Number Year ofS/N water harvesting of con- water harvesting of con-

structure structures struction structure structures struction

11.2.1 Terraces 11.2.5 Tree belts

11.2.2 Erosion control bunds 11.2.6 Water harvesting bunds

11.2.3 Gabions/Sandbags 11.2.7 Drainage ditches

11.2.4 Vetiver Grass 11.2.8 Dam

12.0 ACCESS TO FARM INPUTS AND IMPLEMENTS12.1 Give details of farm inputs used during the 2002/03 agriculture year

S/N Quality ofInput name Input

12.1.1 Chemical Fertiliser

12.1.2 Farm Yard Manure

12.1.3 Compost

12.1.4 Pesticide/fungicide

12.1.5 Herbicide

12.1.6 Improved Seeds

12.1.7 Other …………….

(2)(1)

(3)

SourceNo=2

Distanceto

-ance(5)(4)

Source

applic-ation

UsedYes=1

(1)

(1) (3)

(2)

(2)

Irrigation

Yes =1,No=2for notusing

Reason Plan to use

(2) (3)

next yearSourceof Fin

(1)

(7) (8)(6)(3)

Source of

water waterated land thisArea of irrig

obtainingMethod of Method of Irrigatable

area(acres)

(4) (5)year (acres)

Source (Col 3) Cooperative ……………......01 Local farmers group …... ....02 Local market/Trade Store ...03 Secondary Market ...............04 Development project ….......05Crop buyers ………….........06Large scale farm …….….....07Locally produced by hh .......08Neighbour ...........................09Other (specify) ……….........98Not applicable ………….......99

Distance to source (Col 4) Less than 1 Km ………….1Between 1 and 3km …….2between 3 and 10 km.. …3Between 10 and 20 km …420km and above ......…….5not applicable ..… ….…..9

Quality of input (Col 7) Excellent ......…1Good ..........…..2Average ……...3Poor ................4Does not work .5not applicable...9

Source of irrigation water (Col 1) River ………1 Borehole ……………..5Lake ……...2 Canal …………………6Dam ………3 Tap Water ……………7Well ……....4

Method of obtaining water (Col 2)Gravity ………………………1 motor pump ……….4Hand bucket ……………….2 Other ………..……8Hand pump ………………...3

Method of application (Col 3)Flood …………………….1Sprinkler …………………2water hose.………………3Bucket/watering can ……4

Reason for not using (Col 6) Not available …….......... …1Price too high ......... …... ...2No money to buy ...............3Too much labour required..4Do not know how to use......5Input is of no use ...............6Locally produced by hh ......7Other ............…………......8Not applicable ....……….....9

Source of finance (Col 5) Sale of farm products .1Other income generating activities ….2Remittances …...……..3Bank Loan/Credit.…….4produced on farm ...….5Other ……….. ...……..8Not applicable ..……….9

..

289

Definition and working page for page 9Overview of Investment activities (Section 11.0)

Question Specific Definitions (Q 11.1)


Source of irrigation Water (Col 1): The main source of water from which water is obtained for irrigation.

Method of obtaining water (Col 2): The mechanism by which the water is extracted from the source,

Application Method (Col 3): How the water is applied on the field. - Flood - is the application of water down the slope of the land by means of gravity- Sprinkler - is the application of pressurised water through pipes. The water passes through a device which sprays the water onto the crop from above.

Irrigatable Area (Col 4): The area the irrigation system is designed to cover in acres.

Area of irrigated land this year (Col 5): Area of land under irrigation during the 2002/03 agric year. This is the physical area and NOT the cumulative area of 2 or more croppings.

Erosion control/water harvesting structure (Col 1)

Terraces: Are structures constructed on the side of a hill to provide a level ground toplant crops. They are often used to trap water for paddy/lowland rice production.

Erosion Control Bunds: These are banks of earth/stones built perpendicular to the slope to slow down water and prevent erosion. They are different to Terraces in that the soil behind the banks are not level.

Gabions: A gabion is a wire mesh box filled with rocks/stones and used to control or prevent gully erosion

Sandbags Used to prevent or control gully erosion

Tree belts/Wind breaks: A band of trees planted perpendicular to the prevailing wind whose main purpose is to slow down wind speed

Water Harvesting bunds: A bank of earth constructed horizontal to the slope of the land to trap water. They are usually banana shaped.

Dam: A bank of earth/material which traps river water to form a catchment of water behind it.

Farm Inputs (Q 12.1.1 to 12.1.7)

Farm yard Manure: An organic fertiliser made on farm composed of animal dung.

Compost: An organic fertiliser made on farm from decomposed plant material

Pesticide: Chemical used to either protect the plant from or kill insects, birds, molluscs, mites, etc attacking the plant

Fungicide: is a chemical that s used to protect the plant from or control a fungal disease.

Herbicide: A chemical used to control weeds.

Investment activities:

Investment activities refer to medium to long term farm development structures and projects. This can be Irrigation structures, erosion and water harvesting structures or other permanent or semi-permanent investment made on the land that the household owns.

Q 11.1 Irrigation

1. If the hh practices irrigation givedetails on the main source, main methodof obtaining and applying water.

2. Cross check column 8, Q 7.1.2,7.2.2 & 7.3.2 to check if irrigation wasused on any crops.

Q 11.3 erosion control/waterharvesting

1. Number of structures refers to thenumber of working/maintained structuresand does not include derelict orirreparable structures.

2. Year of construction refers to theyear that the structures were firstconstructed. It is not the year that thestructures were last maintained.

Q 12.0 Farm Inputs

1. Indicate in column 1 whether eachof the inputs are used or not.

2. Complete cols 3, 4, 6, and 7 forinputs that are used and place '9' incolumn 5 (for not applicable).

3. Complete cols 5 & 7 for inputs notused.

NOTE: Cross check column 6, 7, 8 &9 , Q 7.1.2, 7.2.2 & 7.3.2 to check whatinputs were used.

290

12.2 Give details of farm implements and assets used and owned by the household during 2002/03agriculture year

S/N rent-ed(3)

12 2.1 Hand Hoe12 2.2 Hand Powered Sprayer12 2.3 Oxen12 2.4 Ox Plough12 2.5 Ox Seed Planter12 2.6 Ox Cart12 2.7 Tractor12 2.8 Tractor Plough12 2.9 Tractor Harrow12 2.10Shellers/threshers

13.0 USE OF CREDIT FOR AGRICULTURE PURPOSES13.1 During the year 2002/03 did any of the hh members borrow money for agriculture (Yes = 1, No = 2)

(if the response is 'NO' go to section 13.3)13.2 Give details of the credit obtained during the agricultural year 2002/03

(if the credit was provided in kind , for example by the provision of inputs, then estimate the value in 13.2.9)

Provided to Male = 1, Female 2

13 2.1 Labour13 2.2 Seeds13 2.3 Fertilisers13 2.4 Agrochemicals13 2.5 Tools/equipment13 2.6 Irrigation structures13 2.7 Livestock13 2.8 Other …………….13 2.9 Value of Credit (Tsh.)

13.2.10 Value of repayment (Tsh.)13.2.11 Period of repayment (months)

13.3 If the answer to question 13.1 above is 'NO' what is the reason for not using Credit?

of Fin-ance

2002/03Yes 1,No=2 -ment

of EquipYes=1,No=2

Plan to usenext yearReason for

not using(8)(7)(5)

tick the boxes below to indicate the use of the credit

tick the boxes below to indicate the use of credit

Source "b" Source "c"

(6)

SourceUsed inNumber Source

Owned(2)(1)

to indicate sourceuse codes

Source "a"

(4)

Equipment/Asset Name

tick the boxes below to indicate the use of the credit

Source of equipment (Col 5) Neighbour....................... ....…1 Development project .....5Cooperative ............................2 Government .................6Local farmers association…....3 Large scale farm ...…....7market/Trade store ................4 Other (specify) .............8

Source of finance (Col 6) Sale of farm products ……………...1Other income generating activities .2Remittances ………………………..3Bank Loan ………………………….4Credit ……………………………….5Other ……….. ……………………..8Not applicable ..…………………….9

Reason for not using (Col 7) Not available …….......... …...1 Price too high ......... …... …..2No money to buy/rent......…..3Too much labour required….4Equipment/Asset of no use …5Other ……….………………..8Not applicable ...................…9

Reason for not using credit (Q13.3) Not needed …1 Not available ...2 Did not want to go into debt.....3 Interest rate/cost too high......4 Did not know how to get credit....5 Difficult bureaucratic procedure ...6 Credit granted too late ...7 Other (specify) ...8 Dont know about credit ....9

Source of credit (Q 13.2-a, b and c)) Family, friend or relative....1 Commercial Bank…..2 Cooperative …...3 Savings & credit Soc ......4Trader/trade store ……..5 Private individual ……...6 Religious Organisation/NGO/Project …7 Other (Specify)......................................8

291

Definition and working page for page 10Question Specific Definitions (Q 12.2) Procedures for questions


Farm Implements (Col 1):

Hand powered Sprayer: Knapsack or bicycle pump sprayer

Reason for not using (Col 6): Be careful about using "too much labour required" as this code generally refers to hand hoes only. The codes for this should "NOT" be read out to the farmer as a prompt.

Note: If remittance is given as the main source of finance check for a response to remittances in question 2.2.5

Section 13.0 Credit for Agriculture Purposes

Credit is defined as finance in the form of cash or in-kind contr butions(eg direct provision of inputs, machinery, livestock or other material) for the purpose of crop and livestock production whereby the value of the credit must be paid back to the borrower. The value of repayment may either be with interest or interest free.

Credit may be paid back in the form of cash or agriculture produce.

Section 13.0 Credit for Agriculture Purposes

Value of credit: is the amount in cash received from the borrower. If the credit was paid in-kind, estimate the value of this.

Value of repayment: This is the amount to be repaid to the borrower and includes the principal amount (value of credit) plus any interest repayment. If the credit is paid back in agriculture produce, then the cash value of this must be estimated.

Period of repayment: This is the time in months the borrower has given for full repayment.

Section 13.2 Source of agriculture credit

If the farmer obtained credit from more than one source then use the columns "a" , "b" and "c" for the different sources of credit. Start with the main source of credit in column "a".

NOTE: Check for use of inputs in column 7, 8 & 9 of questions 7.1.2, 7.2.2 & 7.3.2.


Q 12.0 Farm Inputs

1. Indicate in column 2 and 3 whether eachof the implements were used or not.

2. Complete cols 4, 5, 6, and 8 for inputsthat are used and place '9' in column 7 (for notapplicable).

3. Complete cols 7 & 8 for inputs not used.

292

14.0 TREE FARMING/AGROFORESTRY

14.1 Did your household have any Planted Trees on your land during 2002/03 agric year? (Yes =1, No=2)If the response is 'NO' go to section 14.3

14.2 Give details of the planted trees you have on your land.Whe Ma Sec Number of Number of

S/N re pl -in -ond Plank trees Pole trees Total Valueanted Use Use Sold Sold (Tsh.)

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

14 2.1

14 2.2

14 2.3

14 2.4

14.3 Does your village have a Community tree planting scheme (Yes=1, No=2)If the response is 'NO' go to section 15.0

14.4 Household involvement in community tree planting scheme

S/N hh Involve

(1)

15.0 CROP EXTENSION SERVICES

15.1 Did your household receive extension advice for crop production during 2002/03 (Yes=1,No=2)If the response is 'NO' go to section 16.0

Source of If you pay for Contact farmer No. of visits No. of message

S/N extension extension, what /group member by extension adopted in the Quality of

Extension Provider (Y=1,N=2) is the cost/yr (Yes=1,No=2) agency per year last 3 years Service

15.1.1 Government extension

15.1.2 NGO/development project

15.1.3 Cooperative

15.1.4 Large Scale farmer

15.1.5 Other…………………

of trees

Distance to com

-munity planted

(1)

(2)2002/03

(4)

(6) (7)

Code

-ment

(1)

Tree

forest (Km)

Number

purpose

(5)

Number ofPoles Timber

hh utilised

(4)

Main

(2) (3)

Main use

during

(3)

Use (Col 4 & 5) Planks/Timber….....1 Shade ……...…5 Poles ………...……2 Medicinal……....6Charcoal ………….3 Other ………….8Fuel wood ...……...4

Where Planted (Col 3) Mostly on field/plot boundaries.1 Mostly scattered in fields …….2Mostly in plantation/coppice …3

HH involvement (Col 2) Only planting ………………….....1 Only protection and thinning…....2Only cutting …………………...…3Most or all activities……………...4

Quality of service (Col 7) Very good .………...1 good …..…….2 Average……. …3 Poor…………4 No Good ………5

.

Main Use during 02/03(Col 4)Poles ………….1 Not ready to use …...5Timber logs …..2 Not allowed to use …6Charcoal ….. ...3 Other (specify) …….8Firewood ……..4

Main Purpose (Col 3)Erosion control………..1 Environment rehaiblitation …4Production of poles …..2 Restoration of wildlife ………5production of firewood..3 Other (specify) …….………8

293

Definition and working page for page 11General Definitions for section 14.0

Question Specific Definitions

Tree Name Guide Col 1

Code Local Name Botanical Name English Name Code Local Name Botanical Name English Name01 Senna siamea Cassod tree 1602 Msongoma Gravellia Silver oak 1703 Mbarika Afzelia quanzensis Pod mahogony 1804 Mkeshia Acacia spp Umbrella thorn 1905 Msindano Pinus spp Pine 2006 Mkaratusi Eucalyptus spp Red River Gum 2107 Cyprus spp Cyprus tree 2208 Mtondoo Calophylum inophyllum 2309 Mvule Melicia excelsa Iroko 2410 Mvinji Casurina equisetfilia Whistling oak 2511 Msaji Tectona grandis Teak 2612 Mkungu wa kienyeji Terminalia catapa Sea almond 2713 Mkungu india Terminilia ivorensis Black afara 2814 Muhumula Maesopsis berchemoides 2915 30

Tree farming (Section 14.0)

Pole trees (Col 6): These are young trees which have a maximum diameter of 6 inches at the bottom and are often used for house construction. They are often the thinning harvest after 3 - 5 years.

Plank trees (Col 7): Trees for sawing into timber planks.

Animal shade: Trees grown for the purpose of providing shade to animals.

Crop Extension Services (Section 15.1)

Contact Farmer: A farmer who is used by the extension agent as a focal point to demonstrate new interventions. The contact farmer then passes on the message to other farmers

Group member: Member of a group under which the contact farmer leads

Adoption: This is the uptake of an intervention for 2 or more years

Tree Farming/Agroforestry

This section refers to trees planted for wood (firewood, poles, planks, carving, charcoal, medicinal, etc, but NOT fruit trees). It does not include naturally growing trees on the farm (unless special care has been given to promote their establishment) or trees growing naturally on the communal areas.

Tree farming is the planting of trees on an area of land for which the main purpose is the production and regeneration of trees for wood on that land.

Agroforestry: is the planting of trees on land for the purpose of complementing other farming activities like crop and animal production. For the purpose of this questionnaire Agroforestry trees are trees planted on boundaries and scattered throughout fields. The main productive unit in this case is Crops and Livestock.

Community tree planting scheme (Section 14.3)

Community Forest: A forest planted on the communal land which is planted, replanted or spot planted by the members of the village.

Section 14.2 Details of planted trees

1. Enter the tree codes of the main species grown by the hh

2. If no planks or poles are sold enter a "0" in columns 8, & 9.

3. Total value includes both value of hh utilised trees and sold trees.

4. If no trees were utilised by the hh or sold enter "0" in column 10

Section 15.1 Crop Extension Services

1. For each of the extension providers ask if the hh received extension during 2002/2003 agriculture year and indicate in column 2.

2. For each of the providers complete the rest of the columns

294

15.2 Crop Extension Messages

Received Adopted Source of Received Adopted Source ofS/N Advice Crop S/N Advice Crop

Yes=1 Yes=1 Extension Yes=1 Yes=1 ExtensionExtension Message No=2 No=2 Extension Message No=2 No=2

15.2.1 Spacing 15 2 9 Crop Storage

15.2.2 Use of agrochemicals 15 2.10 Vermin control

15.2.3 Erosion control 15 2.11 Agro-processing

15.2.4 Organic fertiliser use 15 2.12 Agro-forestry

15.2.5 Inorganic fertiliser use 15 2.13 Bee Keeping

15.2.6 Use of improved seed 15 2.14 Fish Farming

15.2.7 Mechanisation/LST 15 2.15 Other

15.2.8 Irrigation Technology

16.0 LIVELIHOOD CONSTRAINTS

From the list of constraints on the right select: List of constraints

16.1 the 5 most important problems 16 2 the 5 least important problems

Order of most importance Constraint Order of least importance Constraint

16.1.1 most important 16 2.1 Least important

16.1.2 2nd most important 16 2.2 2nd least important

16.1.3 3rd most important 16 2.3 3rd least important

16.1.4 4th most important 16 2.4 4th least important16.1.5 5th most important 16 2.5 5th least important

17.0 ANIMAL CONTRIBUTION TO CROP PRODUCTION

17.1 Did you use Draft animals to cultivate 17.2 Did you apply organic fertiliser

your land during 02/03 (Yes=1, No=2) during 02/03 (Yes=1, No=2)

(If no, go to question 17.2) (If no, go to question 18)

Area S/N Area

S/N Type of Number Number cultivated Type of organapplied

Draft owned used (acres) Fertiliser (acres)

(1) (2)

17.1.1 Oxen 17.2.1 FYM

17.1.2 Bulls 17.2.2 Compost

17.1.3 Cows17.1.4 Donkeys

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2) (1) (2)

(1) (2) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4)(3)

.

Source of extension (Col 4) Government …..1 NGO/Dev project ..2 Cooperative …3 Large scale farmer …..4 Other (Specify) …8 Not applicable …….9

1. Access to Land2. Ownership of Land3. Poor farm Inputs4. Soil Fertility5. Access to improved seed6. Irrigation facilities7. Access to chemical Inputs8. Cost of Inputs9. Extension Services10.Access to forest resources11. Hunting and Gathering12. Access to potable water13. Access to credit14. Harvesting15. Threshing16. Storage17. Processing18. Market Information19. Transport costs20. Distruction by animals21. Stealing22. Pests and Diseases23. Local government taxation24. Access to off Farm Income

.

.

. .

295

Definitions and working page for page 12Question Specific DefinitionsCrop Extension Advice (Section 15.2)

Mechanisation/LST: LST means Labour Saving Technology

Section 16.0 Livelihood constraints

16.1 List the five most important problems in order of most importance:

1. Read out the list of constraints to the respondent and ask him to select the ones that are a problem. Place a against the constraints that are a problem.

2. Read the selected constraints and ask the farmer to select 5 which create the largest problems

3. Ask the farmer to list these in order of importance and enter in column 2

16.2 List the five least important problems in order of least importance:

1. Read out the list of constraints to the respondent and ask him to select the ones that are NOT a problem. Place an against the constraints that are NOT a problem.

2. Read the selected constraints and ask the farmer to select 5 which create the least problems

3. Ask the farmer to list these in order of least importance and enter in column 2

296

18.0 CATTLE POPULATION, INTAKE AND OFFTAKE

18.1 Did the household own, raise or manage any CATTLE during 2002/03 agriculture year? (Yes =1 No =2)(If no go to section 19.0)

18.2 Cattle Population as of 1st October 2003 18.3 Cattle Intake during 2002/2003Number of Number

S/N Cattle type Indigenous S/N Born

18.2.1 Bulls 18.3.1

18.2.2 Cows 18.3.2

18.2.3 Steers 18.3.3

18.2.4 Heifers 18.3.4

18.2.5 Male Calves 18.3.5

18.2.6 Female Calves 18.3.6

Grand Total Total Intake18.5 Cattle diseases

18.4 Cattle Offtake during 2002/2003 Last MainS/N vacci Sou

S/N Cattle type nated -rce

18.4.1 Bulls 18.5.1

18.4.2 Cows 18.5.2 CBPP

18.4.3 Steers 18.5.3

18.4.4 Heifers 18.5.4

18.4.5 Male Calves 18.5.5

18.4.6 Female Calves 18.5.6 FMD

Total Offtake18.6 Milk Production

S/N Season

18.6.1 Wet Season

18.6.2 Dry Season

Disease/parasite

Trypanosomiasis

Lumpy Skin Disease

Tick Borne diseases

per head

Helmenthioitis

(2)Infected

(7)(6)(6) (7) (1) (4)(3)

Total Intakeof Cattle(9)

Total Cattle

/obtainedNumber given

(7) (8)

Average value Number

(10)

(5)-overed

NumberTreated

NumberDied

No. Rec

(6)(4)

Number con Number givenaway/stolen died

Number

(4)

Sold/day (Litres)

(5)

Numbersumed by hh

Sold to

(5)Offtake

Litres of milk/day

No. of cattle milked/day Value/litre

Sold/traded

Beef Dairy(6)(2)

TotalNumberNumber of Improved

(3) (4) (5)

Average Valueper head

(1)

(1)

(2) (3)

(3)(2)

(1)Purchased

Main Source of vaccine (Col 7) Private Vet Clinic ..1 Other ………..….8District Vet Clinic ..2 Not applicable ….9NGO/Project…....3

Last Vaccinated (Col 6) 2003 ……………1 2000 …………....42002 …………....2 before 2000 …...52001 …………....3 Not Vaccinated...6Sold to Q18.6 Col 5)

Neighbour…….........1 Largescale farm ..5Local Market..……...2 Trader at Farm ...6Secondary Market ...3 Did not sell ..........7Processing industry .4 Other ………......8

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

XX

XX

297

Definitions and working page for page 13General definitions for page 13

Question Specific Definitions (Section 18.0)

Cattle type (Q 18.2 & 18.4, Col 1)

Bull: Mature Uncastrated male cattle used for breeding

Cow: Mature female cattle that has given birth at least once

Steer: Castrated male cattle over 1 year

Heifer: Female cattle of 1 year up to the first calving

Calves: Young cattle under 1 year of age

Cattle vaccination (18.5 col 1)

ECF: East Coast Fever

FMD: Foot and Mouth Disease

CBPP: Contagious Bovine Pleura Pneumonia

Average Value per Head (Q 18.3, (Col 7 & 9) & 18.4 (Col 3, 5 & 7))

In these columns give the average value per head during 2002/03. For given, traded, consumed by the hh & given away/stolen estimate the value.

Cattle Intake during 2002/03: Cattle purchased, given or born which increases the number of cattle in the herd.

Cattle Offtake during 2002/03: Cattle removed from the herd, either by selling, hh consumption, given away or stolen.

Working area for page 13

Section 18.0 Cattle Population, Intake & Offtake.

NOTE: Section 18.1 is for the current population (as of 1st October 2003); Section 18.2 and 18.3 is for movement in and out of the herd during the 2002/03 agriculture year. Section 18.4 is for diseases encountered during the agriculture year.

1. If the household has cows, you would normally expect them to have calves in column 8

2. If calves are reported in column 2, 3, or 4 (18.2.6, 18.2.5) then there must be at least that number repeated in column 8

Note: If the farmer reports sales of cattle the importance of this must be reflected in Q 2.2.3

Section 18.5 If cattle are reported to have died in Column 5 then at least that number should be reported in 18.4 col 4

298

19.0 GOAT POPULATION, INTAKE AND OFFTAKE

19.1 Did the household own, raise or manage any GOATS during the 2002/03 agriculture year? (Yes =1 No =2)(If no go to section 20.0)

19.2 Goat Population as of 1st October 2003 19.3 Goat Intake during 2002/2003Number of Number

S/N Goat type Indigenous S/N Born

19.2.1 Billy Goat 19.3.1

19.2.2 Castrated Goat 19.3.2

19.2.3 She Goat 19.3.3

19.2.4 Male Kid 19.3.4

19.2.5 She Kid 19.3.5

Grand Total Total Intake

19.4 Goat Offtake during 2002/2003 19.5 Goat diseasesLast Main

S/N Goat type S/N vacci Sounated -rce

19.4.1 Male goat

19.4.2 Castrated Goat 19.5.1

19.4.3 She Goat 19.5.2

19.4.4 Male Kid 19.5.3

19.4.5 She Kid 19.5.4

Total Offtake 19.5.519.6 Milk Production

S/N Season

19.6.1 Wet Season

19.6.2 Dry Season

(5) (6)(1) (2) (3) (4)

Litres of milk/day

No. of Goats milked/day Value/litre Sold to

Sold/traded(5) (6) (7)(1) (2) (3) (4)

Numberdied

(5) (7)(6)

Number given

(8)/obtained

parasite InfectedDisease/ Number Number No. Rec Number

Sold/day (Litres)

Treated

Numbersumed by hh away/stolenNumber con

-overed Died

(2)

(1) (2) (3) (4)for meatNumber of Improved

TotalDairy Purchased

Number givenNumber Total Intake Average Valueof Goats per head(9) (10)

(7)

Foot Rot

CC PP

Helminthiosis

(3) (4) (5) (6)

Tetanus

Mange

(1)

Total Goat Average valueOfftake per head

Last Vaccinated (Col 6) 2003 ……………1 2000 …………....42002 …………....2 before 2000 …...52001 …………....3 Not Vaccinated...6

Sold to Q19.6 Col 5) Neighbour…….........1 Largescale farm ..5Local Market..……...2 Trader at Farm ...6Secondary Market ...3 Did not sell ..........7Processing industry .4 Other ……….......8

X X X

X X X

X X X


XX

XX

XX

299

Definitions and working page for page 14Goat definitions for page 14


Goat type (Q 19.2 & 19.4, Col 1)

Billy Goat (he-goat): Mature Uncastrated male goat used for breeding

Castrated goat: Male goat that has been castrated.

She Goat: Mature female goat over 9 months of age

Kid: Young goat under 9 months of age.

Goat vaccination (19.5 col 1)


CCPP: Contagious Caprine Pleura Pneumonia

LSD: Lumpy Skin Disease



Goat Intake during 2002/03: Goat purchased, given or born which increases the number of goats in the herd.

Goat Offtake during 2002/03: Goat removed from the herd, either by selling, hh consumption, given away or stolen.


Section 19.0 Goat Population, Intake & Offtake.


1. If the household has she goats, you would normally expect them to have kids in column 8

2. If kids are reported in column 2, 3, or 4 (19.2.6, 19.2.5) then there must be at least that number repeated in column 8

Note: If the farmer reports sales of goats the importance of this must be reflected in Q 2.2.3

Section 19.5 If goats are reported to have died in Column 5 then at least that number should be reported in 19.4 col 4

300

20.0 SHEEP POPULATION, INTAKE AND OFFTAKE

20.1 Did the household own, raise or manage any SHEEP during the 2002/03 agriculture year? (Yes =1 No =2)(If no go to section 21.0)

20.2 Sheep Population as of 1st October 2003 20.3 Sheep Intake during 2002/2003Number of Number

S/N Sheep type Indigenous S/N Born

20.2.1 Ram 20.3.1

20.2.2 Castrated Sheep 20.3.2

20.2.3 She Sheep 20.3.3

20.2.4 Male lamb 20.3.4

20.2.5 She lamb 20.3.5

Grand Total

20.4 Sheep Offtake during 2002/2003 20.5 Sheep diseasesLast Main

S/N Sheep type S/N vacci Sounated -rce

20.4.1 Ram

20.4.2 Castrated Sheep 20.5.1

20.4.3 She Sheep 20.5.2

20.4.4 Male lamb 20.5.3

20.4.5 She lamb 20.5.4

Total Offtake 20.5.5

per head(9) (10)

Number Number No. Rec Number

Number

Number con Number given Number

(6)for Mutton Dairy Purchased

Number given Total Intake Average Valueof Sheep/obtained

away/stolen diedSold/traded

(8)(7)(1) (2) (3) (4)

(3) (4)

Total

(5)

Number of Improved

Numbersumed by hh

(5) (6)(1) (2) (7)

(6) (7)

Foot Rot

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Infected Treated -overed Diedparasite

Average valueOfftake per head Disease/

Total Sheep

CC PP

HelminthiosisTrypa

nsomiasis

FMD

X X X

Last Vaccinated (Col 6) 2003 ……………1 2000 …………....42002 …………....2 before 2000 …...52001 …………....3 Not Vaccinated...6

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X

X X X


XX

XX

301

Definitions and working page for page 15Sheep definitions for page 15


Sheep type (Q 20.2 & 20.4, Col 1)

Ram: Mature Uncastrated male goat used for breeding

Castrated sheep: Male sheep that has been castrated.

Ewe: Mature female sheep over 9 months of age

Lamb: Young sheep under 9 months of age.

Sheep vaccination (20.5 col 1)


CCPP: Contagious Caprine Pleura Pneumonia



Sheep Intake during 2002/03: Sheep purchased, given or born which increases the number of Sheep in the herd.

Sheep Offtake during 2002/03: Sheep removed from the herd, either by selling, hh consumption, given away or stolen.


Section 20.0 Sheep Population, Intake & Offtake.


1. If the household has ewes, you would normally expect them to have kids incolumn 8

2. If lambs are reported in column 2, 3, or 4 (20.2.6, 20.2.5) then there must be at least that number repeated in column 8

Note: If the farmer reports sales of Sheep the importance of this must be reflected in Q 2.2.3

Section 20.5 If Sheep are reported to have died in Column 5 then at least that number should be reported in 20.4 col 4

302

21.0 PIG POPULATION AND PRODUCTION

21.1 Did the household own, raise or manage any PIGS during the 2002/03 agriculture year (Yes =1 No =2)(If no go to section 22.0)

21.2 PIG Population as of 1 st October 2003 21.3 Pig increase during 2002/2003Number

S/N Pig type Number S/N Born

21.2.1 Boar 21.3.1

21.2.2 Castrated male 21.3.2

21.2.3 Sow/Gilt 21.3.3

21.2.4 Male piglet 21.3.4

21.2.5 She piglet 21.3.5

Grand Total

21.4 Pig decrease during 2002/2003 21.5 Pig diseases/pests/conditionsLast Main

S/N Pig type vacci Sounated -rce

21.4.1 Boar

21.4.2 Castrated male 21.5.1

21.4.3 Sow/Gilt 21.5.2

21.4.4 Male piglet 21.5.3

21.4.5 She piglet 21.5.4

Total Offtake

22.0 LIVESTOCK PEST & PARASITE CONTROL 22.3 Do you normally encounter a tick problem (Yes=1,No-2)(If the response is 'NO' go to section 22.5)

22.1 Did you deworm your animals during 2002/03 (Yes=1, No-2) 22.4 Which methods of tick control did you use

(If the response is 'NO' go to section 22.3)

22.5 Do you normally encounter a tsetse fly problem (Y=1,N=2)22.2 Which animals did you deworm? (Tick appropriate boxes) (If the response is 'NO' go to section 23.0)

Cattle Goats Sheep Pigs 22.6 Which methods of control did you use

(6) (7)

Anthrax

Helmenthiosis

Anemia

ASF

NumberDied

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

parasite Infected Treated(5)Number No. RecDisease/

-overed(6) (7)Number

S/N

Total PigOfftake per head

(5)(3)

died

Average ValueIncrease per head

(9) (10)

Total Pig

(4)

Number

Average value

(1) (2)

Sold/traded(1) (2)

Number

Number givenPurchased

(3) (4)sumed by hhNumber con Number given Number

away/stolen

/obtained

Main Source (Col 7) Private Vet Clinic ..1District Vet Clinic ..2NGO/Project….....3Other ……….....…8Not applicable ...…9

Last Vaccinated (Col 6) 2003 ..1 2000 ………….42002 ..2 before 2000 ….52001 ..3 Not Vaccinated.6

Control method (Q 22.4) None..1 Spraying ..2 Dipping..3 Smearing ..4 Other.8

Control method (Q22.6) None .1 Spray .2 Dipping .3 Trapping .4 Other .8

X X X

X X X

X X X

XX

XX

303

Definitions and working page for page 16Pigs definitions for page 16


Pigs type (Q 21.2 & 21.4, Col 1)

Boar: Mature Uncastrated male pig used for breeding

Castrated Pig: Male pig hat has been castrated.

Sow: Mature female pig that has given birth to at least one litter of pigs.

Gilt: Female pig of 9 months up to the first farrowing.

Piglet: Young pig under 3 months of age.

Pig vaccination (21.5 col 1)

ASF: African Swine Fever


In these columns give the average value per head during 2002/03. For given, traded, consumed by the hh & given away/stolen es imate the value.

Pig Intake during 2002/03: Pigs purchased, given or born which increases the number of Pigs in the production unit.

Pig Offtake during 2002/03: Pigs removed from the production unit, either by selling, hh consumption, given away or stolen.


Section 21.0 Pig Population, Intake & Offtake.


1. If the household has sows, you would normally expect them to have pigletsin column 8

2. If piglets are reported in column 2, 3, or 4 (20.2.6, 20.2.5) then there must be at least that number repeated in column 8

Note: If the farmer reports sales of Pigs the importance of this must be reflected in Q 2.2.3

Section 20.5 If Pigs are reported to have died in Column 5 then at least that number should be reported in 20.4 col 4

304

23.0 Other Livestock currently available and details of consumption and sales during the last 12 months

Animal type

23.1 Indigenous Chicken

23 2 Layer

23 3 Broiler

23.4 Ducks

23 5 Turkeys

23.6 Rabbits

23.7 Donkeys

23.8 Horses

23 9 Other ……………24.0 CHICKEN DISEASES

24.1 Newcastle Disease

24 2 Gumboro

24 3 Coccidiosis

24.4 Chorysa

24 5 Fowl typhoid25.0 LIVESTOCK PRODUCT

25.1 Eggs

25 2 Hides

25 3 Skins26.0 List in order of importance the outlets for 27.0 Access to functional Livestock structures

the sale of Livestock /accessoriesImpo Out Outl Outlets Type Source Distance-rtan Outlets -lets -ets for S/N of of to struct

S/N -ce of for for for Chick structure/accessory Structure -ure (Km)outlet Cattle Goat Pigs -ens

(1) (3) (5) 27.1 Cattle Dip

26.1 1st 27.2 Spray Race

26 2 2nd 27.3 Hand powered sprayer

26 3 3rd 27.4 Cattle crush

26.4 4th 27.5 Primary Market

26 5 5th 27.6 Secondary Market

27.7 Abattoir

27.8 Slaughter Slab

27.9 Hide/skin shed

27.10 Input supply

27.11 Veterinary Clinic

27.12 Village holding ground

27.13 village watering point/dam

27.14 Drencher

Number

Number RecoveredNumber infected Number Treated Number Died

Consumed/utilised during 2002/03

NumberAverage Value/unit

Sold during 2002/03

Consumed during 2002/03

(5)Number Average Value/head

(1) (2) (3)

Sold during 2002/03CurrentNumber Number Average Value/head

(3)

(4)

Average Value/unit

(2)(1)

(6)(2) (4)

Outletsfor

Sheep

Outlet code (Col 2, 3, 4 & 5) Trader at farm….………….….1 Abattoir/factory..………5Local Market ……….. ……..…2 Another farmer ………6Secondary market/auction.…..3 Other (Specify)……….8Neighbour …………………….4

Source of structure (Q27.0 - Col 2) Owns …………………………..1 NGO …………………..…6Cooperative ...................……..2 Large scale farm ……..…7Local farmers association …... 3 Other ........... …………...8Gov extension/veterinary …….4 Not applicable .………......9Development project ……. …..5

X X X X X X X X

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X

305

Definition and working page for page 17Question Specific Definitions Section 26.0) Procedures for questions

Question Specific Definitions Section 27.0)

Access to functional Livestock Structures/accessories (Section 27.0):

NOTE: The structures must be functional. If they are not working/derelict then they should not be included. The distance to the next nearest functional structure should be taken.

Spray Race: A fixed spray structure on an animal race for spraying acaricide

Cattle crush: Corridor structure for restraining cattle.

Abattoir: Large building designed for slaughtering a large amount of animals. It normally has complex structures to assist in the slaughter and storage and a high level of hygiene is maintained.

Slaughter Slab: Concrete slab designed fos slaughtering a small amount of animals

Hides: obtained from Cattle

Skins: Obtained from sheep and goats

Hide/Skin Shed: Shed for curing/tanning animal skins and hides

Village holding Pen: Enclosure for containing large amount of livestockwhich is owned communally.

Drencher: Device for orally administering medicine to livestock.If no product was sold in 2002 enter "0" in columns 6, 7& 9.

Section 26.0 - Outlets for livestock:

Using the codes enter the outlets for the sale of different livestock in order of importance. If there are, for example, only 2 outlets mark the rest witha "X".

Section 23.0 - Other Livestock:

1. The current number includes both adult and young animals. For example The number ofchickens in col 1 would include adults and chicks.

306

28.0 FISH FARMING

28.1 Was Fish farming carried out by this household during 2002/2003? (Yes =1, No=2) (If the response is 'NO' go to section 29.0)28.2 Specify details of fish farming practices

Product Fish Source frequencyS/N ion unit farming of fing of stocking

number system -erling (No/year)(1) (2)

28.1.1

28.1.2

28.1.3

29.0 LIVESTOCK EXTENSION

29.1 Did you receive livestock extension advice during 02/03 (Yes=1,No=2) (If the response is 'NO' go to section 30.0)Received Adopted Source of 29.2 For the following Livestock Extension Service Providers give details

S/N Advice Yes=1 Livestock If you pay for Contact far No. of visits No. of mess QualityLivestock Extension Message Yes=1,No=2 No=2 Extension S/N extension, what -mer/group by extension -ages adopted of

Extension Provider is the cost/yr member agency/year in the last 3 yrs Service

29.1.1 Feed and Proper feeding (Y=1,N=2)

29.1.2 Housing (Goat, Dairy, Poultry, Pigs)

29.1.3 Proper Milking 29 2.1 Government

29.1.4 Milk Hygiene 29 2.2 NGO/dev project

29.1.5 Disease control (dipping/spraying) 29 2.3 Cooperative

29.1.6 Herd/Flock size and selection 29 2.4 Large Scale farmer

29.1.7 Pasture Establishment 29 2.5 Other……………

29.1.8 Group formation and strengthening29.1.9 Calf rearing 30.0 GOVERNMENT REGULATORY PROBLEMS

29.1.10 Use of improved bulls 31.1 Did you face problems with government regulations during 2002/03 (Y=1, N=2)

29.1.11 Other livestock extension List in order of importance

Problem code

30.1.1 1st30.1.2 2nd30.1.3 3rd

(5) (6)(1) (2) (3) (4)

weight weightSize of unit/pond Number of

Number of stocked fish

fish harvested harvested soldof fish

(m2) Tilapia Carp Other(11) (12)

Mainlysold to

of fish

(7) (8) (9) (10)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(4) (5)(3) (6)1

2

3

Source of fingerlings (Col 4) Own pond ………………1 NGO/Project...3 P rivate trader ...5Government Institution ..2 Neighbour …..4 Other……………8

Mainly sold to (Col 12) Neighbour……....1 Secondary Market......3 Largescale farm ........5 Did not sell .................7Local Market..…..2 Processing industry ....4 Trader at Farm .........6 Other .........................8

Quality of service (Col 6) Very good ...1 good ….2 Average…3 Poor…4 No Good ...5

Source of livestock extension (Col 4) Government …..1 NGO/Dev project ..2 Cooperative …3 Large scale farmer …..4 Other (Specify) ….8

Farming System (Col 2) Natural Pond. ..1 Natural Lake…..3 Other …..8Dug out pond...2 Water resevoir..4

Problem code Land ownership by government …….1Restriction of sale between regions ..2Import of food items …………………3Other (specify)……………………….8

(If the response is no go to section 31.0)

307

Definitions and working page for page 18General definitions for Section 28.0


Production unit number (Col 1): A production unit is a pond river/lake which is treated as a separate entity for the production of fish eg it may be by virtue of manageable size, maturity of fish, type of fish etc. Eg a farmer may have 3 fish ponds. (each one is a separate production unit).

Frequency of stocking (Col 5): What is the number of times the farmer puts new fingerlings into the pond each year.

Fingerlings: These are young immature fish used for stocking ponds.

Sold: (Col 10 & 11)

If no fish were sold enter "0" in column 10 and 11)

Fish farming: Refers to the rearing/production of fish. It is different to fishing in that the fish have to be reared and fed in fish farming. Fishing traps or captures naturally occurring fish in rivers, lakes and the sea and should not be included in this section.


Livestock Extension Services (Section 29.1)

Adopted (Col 3): This is the uptake of an intervention for 2 or more years

Livestock Extension Service providers (Section 29.2)

Contact Farmer: A farmer who is used by the extension services as a focal point to demonstrate new interventions to. The contact farmer then passes on the message to other farmers

Adopted (Col 5): This is the uptake of an intervention for 2 or more years

308

31.0 LABOUR USE 32.0 SUBSISTENCE vs NON-SUBSISTENCE31.1 Who is mainly responsible for 32.1 Indicate if any members of the household was involved in the

undertaking the following tasks: following activities and assess the percentage used forsubsistence/consumption by the household:

Tick ifMain Tick ifActivity carriedrespo hh was Estimate Estimate %

S/N out by -nsib S/N Activity involved % used for used for no Checkhh -ility in activit subsistancesubsistence Total

(1) (5)

31.1.1 Land Clearing 32.1.1 Crop production

31.1.2 Soil preparation (by hand) 32.1.2 Livestock production

31.1.3 Soil preparation (oxen/trac 32.1.3 Vegetable production

31.1.4 Planting 32.1.4 Tree cutting for firewood

31.1.5 Weeding 32.1.5 Tree logging for poles

31.1.6 Crop Protection 32.1.6 Tree logging for timber

31.1.7 Harvesting 32.1.7 Tree logging for charcoal

31.1.8 Crop processing 32.1.8 fishing

31.1.9 Crop marketing 32.1.9 bee keeping

31.1.10 Cattle rearing/husbandry 32.1.1031.1.11 Cattle herding 32.1.1131.1.12 Cattle marketing 32.1.12 Remittances

31.1.13 Goat/sheep rearing/husband

31.1.14 Goat and sheep herding

31.1.15 Goat and sheep marketing

31.1.16 Milking 33.0 ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE & OTHER SERVICES

31.1.17 Pig rearing/husbandry Distance in Distance in

31.1.18 Poultry keeping S/N Type of service Km S/N Km

31.1.19 Collecting Water (2)

31.1.20 Collecting Firewood 33.1 Primary School 32.7 Feeder Road

31.1.21 Pole cutting 33.2 Secondary School 32.8 All weather road

31.1.22 Timber wood cutting 33.3 Health Clinic 32.9 Tarmac road31.1.23 Building/maintaining house 33.4 Hospital 32.10Primary market

31.1.24 Making Beer 33.5 District Capital 32.11Secondary mark

31.1.25 Bee keeping 33.6 Regional Capital 32 12Tertiary market

31.1.26 Fishing

31.1.27 Fish farming No of Satisfied

31.1.28 Off-farm income generation S/N Type of service visits/year with service

33.13 Vet Clinic

33.14 Extension Centre

33.15 Research Station

33.16 Plant protection Lab

33.17 Land registration offic

33.18 Livestock Dev Centre

(2)

Distance

in Km

permanent employment/off farm temporary employment/off farm

(2) (3)

(1) (2)

(4)(3)

(1)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Type of service

(1)Responsibility (Col 3) HH head alone ….1 Girls ……….………….. …..6Adult Males ……..2 Boys & Girls …………...…..7Adult Females…..3 All household members..….8Adults...………… 4 Hired labour ………………..9boys ……………. 5

..

Satisfied with service (Col 4) Very good .…….1 Average…….3 No good ……5Good …………..2 Poor ………..4 Not applicable 9

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

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1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

1 0 0

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309

Definition and working page for page 19Question specific definitions (Section 31.1) Procedures for (Section 31.1)

Question Specific Definitions (Section 32.0.0)

Activity (Col 1):

Land Clearing: Refers to removing trees/bush/grass prior to ploughing

Soil Preparation: Refers to the seedbed preparation (ploughing, harrowing,etc).

Cattle Rearing: Tending to cattle at home, eg assisting with births, castration,etc. Different livestock keeping activity to herding.

Cattle Herding: Moving livestock from place to place for grazing and water. If herding is carried out the respondent must also give a response to rearing/husbandry

Section 31.1 ((Labour use)1. For each listed activity in column 1, place a tick in column 2 if any member of the household was involved in that activity during the 2002/03 agriculture year.

2. After completing column 2 return to the first activity in row 27.1.1 and complete column 3.

3. Make sure you stress MAINLY respons ble.

NOTE: If an activity has been mentioned previously in the questionnaire eg that the hh keeps chickens, make sure a response is obtained in the appropriate place ie poultry keeping.

If off-farm income generation is mentioned, check for responses to off farm income in other parts of the questionnaire

Activity (Col 1):

Subsistence: For the family’s survival, rather than for the generation of cash. This includes feeding the hh, provision of water and fuel for cooking. The source of these products are usually from the land resources available to the family. Remember that not all cash earnings are for non subsistence purposes/activities as cash can be used to purchase subsistence items eg food.

Non -subsistence: Cash used for items and activities which are not crucial for the survival of the family. This includes modern medication, non working clothes, refined beer, school fees, etc.

Section 32.0 - Subsistence vs Non-subsistence

1. For each listed activity in column 1, place a tick in column 2 if any member of the household was involved in that activity during the 2002/03 agriculture year.

2. After completing column 2 return to the first activity in row 32.1.1 and complete column 3 & 4. For each activity make an assessment of the percentage used for subsistence survival and the percent converted to cash for non subsistence goods and items.

3. Make sure you stress MAINLY responsible.

NOTE: Cross check the responses with previous sections in the questionnaire.eg if a response is given to remittances check for an entry in question 2.2.5

310

34.0 HOUSEHOLD FACILITIES34.1 House Construction 34.2 Household assets

For the main dwelling, what are the main building Does your household own the following?materials used in the construction of the following Y=1

Asset N=234.1.1: Roof 34.1.2Number of rooms 34.2. Radio/cassette, music system)

34.2. Telephone (landline)34.2. Telephone (mobile)34.2. Iron34.2. Wheelbarrow34.2. Bicycle34.2. Vehicle34.2. Television

34.3 Energy use by the Household 34.4 Access to drinking waterMain sou Distance Time to and

Season -rce of to source from sourceEnergy use and access by the household drinking (in km) (Hour : minute)

water

34.3.1 Lighting 34.3.2 Cooking 34.4. Wet Season

34.4.2Dry Season

34.5 Access to toilet facilities 34.6 Food consumption patterns

34.5.1 What type of toilet does your hh use

34.6. Number of meals the hh normally has per day

34.6.2Number of days hh consumed meat last w k34.6.3How often did the hh have problems in

satisfying the food needs of the hh last year?34.7 Source of Household income

34.7.1 What is the householdsmain source of cash income?

Main Source of energy for (4)(1) (2) (3)

Roof Material Iron Sheets.……1Tiles ………...…2Concrete ……...3Asbestos ….….4Grass/leaves.....5Grass & mud.....6Other (Specify) 8

. :

Lighting energy Mains electricity……01Solar …………….…02Gas (biogas) ………03Hurricane Lamp .….04Pressure Lamp ……05Wick Lamp ….……..06Candles ...…………07Firewood ………….08Other (specify) ….. 98

Cooking energy Mains electricity……01Solar …………….…02Gas (hh biogas) ..…03Bottled gas ………..04Paraffin/kerocine.….05Charcoal……………06Firewood …………..07Crop Residues ……08Livestock dung ……09Other (specify) ……98

Main Source of drinking water Piped water …………………..……..…01 Covered rainwater catchment ...07Protected well ……. ………….…….…02 Uncovered rainwater catchment 08Protected/covered spring ... .…...……03 Water Vendor ............................09Unprotected Well ……………….. …..04 Tanker truck ......................……10Unprotected spring ………….…… …05 Bottled water .............................11Surface water (lake/dam/river/stream)06 Other (Specify) ..........................98

Problems satisfying hh food needs(row 34.6.3) Never ……………………1Seldom ………………….2Sometimes ……………..3Often ……………………4Always …………………..5

Source of Income codes Sale of food crops …...........01 Wages or salaries in cash .....07Sale of Livestock…………...02 Other casual cash earnings ..08Sale of livestock products ...03 Cash remittances ..................09Sale of cash crops…………04 Fishing ..................................10Sale of forest products …...05 Other .....................................98Business income.................06 Not applicable ........................99

Type of toilet No toilet/bush………….1 Improved pit latrine - hh owned…….4Flush toilet ..…………..2 Other type (specify) …………………5Pit latrine - traditional ..3

. :

311

Definition and working page for page 20

Household facilities (Section 34):

Number of rooms used for sleeping in the household (Q 34.1)

Include sitting room, dining room, kitchen, etc if used for sleeping. It also includes rooms outside the main dwelling

A room is defined as a space which is separate from the rest of the building by a permanent wall or division. A building/house that is not divided into rooms is considered to have one room.

Household assets (Q 34.2): these assets must be functioning. Do not include if broken.

Access to drinking water (Q 34.4): If there is more than one source, use the one, which the hh uses most frequently.

Main source of hh cash income:

Activity that provides the hh with the most cash during 2002/03 agriculture year.

312

Average/maximum yieldsUse this table to compare the yields calculated in sections 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3. They are STRICTLY to be used asguidelines only and the sole purpose is to assist in getting the correct area and harvest for each crop

Crop CropName Average Name Average

11 Maize 86 Cabbage12 Paddy 87 Tomatoes13 Sorghum 88 Spinach14 Bulrush Millet 89 Carrot15 Finger Millet 90 Chillies16 Wheat 91 Amaranths17 Barley 92 Pumpkins21 Cassava 93 Cucumber22 Sweet Potato 94 Egg Plant23 Irish potatoes 95 Water Mellon24 Yams 96 Cauliflower25 Cocoyams 52 Sisal26 Onions 54 Coffee27 Ginger 55 Tea31 Beans 56 Cacao32 Cowpeas 57 Rubber33 Green gram 58 Wattle 34 Pigeon pea 59 Kapok35 Chick peas 60 Sugar Cane36 Bambara nut 61 Cardamom 41 Sunflower 71 Banana42 Simsim 72 Avocado43 Groundnut 73 Mangoes47 Soyabeans 74 Papaw48 Caster seed 76 Orange75 Pineapple 77 Grape fruit50 Cotton 78 Grapes51 Tobacco 79 Mandarin/tange53 Pyrethrum 80 Guava62 Jute 81 Plums44 Palm Oil 82 Apples45 Coconut 83 Pears46 Cashewnut 84 Pitches

kg/acre

35000

40000500003000040000

50000

2500070000

150000

1001000010001400

25000

200007000

5000020000300005000

10000

10000

400

60000

8005002500200

0000

20243121461619414170

0101212834016194

060729

020243

40494055670

00

1012140

0

000000000

2834000

80971214620248097

40490

404920243

00

242910

202101281162

000

324

0000

0000

14172024323924

242916078100

40516191012304

8106071619688

05267090

344140492024

0

4

25301619141712151012182293128343239

0324486810

12110121121202

243121243526

0243202243

00

162121

24330416191012

1214865671215

486283304142

350050008000

60/tree

6000015002000

100040002500750

2000150040001700

13001750

8500100005000

9

625040003500300025004500230070008000

80012002000

30025000300500

6003006001300

600500600

400300

60075040002500

300120014003000

1200700750350

Average Max MaxMax

kg/ha

Average Max

kg/acrekg/ha

313

Back Page Reference materialThis page contains reference information that may be required to complete some of the questions in the questionnaire.

Weights and measures Conversions1 hectare = 10,000 sq metres (100 x 100 metres) 1 hectare = 2.47 acres1 kilometre = 1000 metres 1 mile = 1.61 Kilometres1 acre = 4840 square yards (110 x 44 yards)

Kg equivalentsThe following standards may be used as a guide to obtain kg if the reported unit is different. Only use these conversions ifthe respondent is unable to provide weights in kgs.

Crop CropName Name Name Name

11 Maize 100 18 Rumbesi 140 86 Cabbage 5012 Paddy 75 15 87 Tomatoes 9013 Sorghum 100 18 88 Spinach 4514 Bulrush Millet 100 18 89 Carrot 11015 Finger Millet 120 20 90 Chillies 8516 Wheat 75 15 91 Amaranths 5017 Barley 75 15 92 Pumpkins 6021 Cassava 60 12 93 Cucumber 8022 Sweet Potatoe 80 16 94 Egg Plant 7023 Irish potatoes 80 16 95 Water Mellon 8024 Yams 80 16 96 Cauliflower 5025 Cocoyams 80 16 52 Sisal 13026 Onions 80 16 54 Coffee 5527 Ginger 75 15 55 Tea 6031 Beans 100 20 56 Cacao 6032 Cowpeas 100 20 57 Rubber33 Green ram 100 20 58 Wattle 9034 Pigeon pea 100 20 59 Kapok35 Chick peas 100 20 60 Sugar Cane 12036 Bambara nut 100 20 61 Cardamom 10041 Sunflower 60 12 71 Banana 12042 Simsim 100 20 72 Avocado 14043 Groundnut 50 10 73 Mangoes 13047 Soyabeans 100 20 74 Papaw 10048 Caster seed 100 20 76 Orange 13075 Pineapple 90 18 77 Grape fruit 12050 Cotton 50 10 78 Grapes 8051 Tobacco 70 14 79 Mandarin/tange 11053 Pyrethrum 60 12 80 Guava 11062 Jute 50 10 81 Plums 11044 Palm Oil 100 82 Apples 11045 Coconut 75 83 Pears 11046 Cashewnut 80 84 Pitches 110

Number of Kgs Number of KgsStandard Non-standard Standard Non-standard

Bag Tin kgs Bag Tin kgs

For official use only:If a question has a query, an indica ion will be made by the supervisor/data entry controller on the front page of the questionnaire. This space is to note what and where the problem is, the ac ion required to be taken and he responsible person to take follow up ac ion.Nature of the problem: _____________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Action Required: National supervisor action Field supervisor action

Overall Status: Does not affect overall integrity of the questionnaire. Discard and resample More data is required before it can be used Discard as missing data

United Republic of Tanzania NATIONAL SAMPLE CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE · Agriculture Census to be...

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