UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

Project title: Phase 2: Improving public health by solar-powered water sanitation systems in

Ethiopia

Project ID Number: 180206

Area/Location/Countries: Africa, Ethiopia

RBM code: HC3 Safeguarding the Environ.

Thematic code: HC31 RECP & LowCarbonPrd

Planned start – finishing date: February 2019, upon arrival of funds

Duration: 12 months

Government Co-ordinating agency & Executing agency/cooperating agency: Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity Counterpart: Local governments, national institutions and agencies

Budget:

Project Inputs: USD 884,955

- Support costs (13 %): USD 115,045

Counterpart inputs:

- Grand Total: USD 1,000,000

Brief description: With the new SDG indicators of safely managed water supply system and sanitation facilities, there is a need to accelerate the effort to achieve the planned results. The threatening climate induced water shortage in Ethiopia is adding up to the problem, which at its extremes in 2018 led to violent conflicts over the scares resource, indicating the necessity for climate resilient water sanitation and supply. Innovative water sanitation technologies have emerged as potential solutions to the challenges at hand and for promoting social equality and economic growth while also having further positive externalities: health cost- effectiveness, safety and security, less water pollution, greater dignity and equality between men and women, nutrient reuse, tourism, and business, etc. The overall purpose of the project is to improve water supply, public health and general environmental quality, while reducing the likelihood for the reoccurrence of violent conflicts due to water shortages by introducing an innovative water sanitation system utilizing environmentally friendly slow sand filtration and photovoltaic electricity generating technologies. This will be achieved through technology demonstration, removal of existing barriers in access to information and technical knowledge, capacity building to better absorb and domestically replicate such technologies, knowledge management activities, identification of viable, sustainable and suitable business models.

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A. CONTEXT

A1. Project Purpose

Overall purpose of the project is to improve water supply, public health and general environmental

quality, as well as reducing the likelihood of violent conflicts due to drinking water shortages by

introducing an innovative water sanitation system employing environmentally friendly dual slow sand and

bio-filtration while utilizing photovoltaic electricity generating technologies. By accelerating sustainable

access to improved drinking water, while using alternative and clean sources of energy the proposed

project will translate into public health benefits and lead to a cleaner and healthier environment. The

demonstration of an integrated package of innovative technologies and the involvement of interventions

will create healthy surrounding neighborhoods and alleviate women and children from water drawing

labor, while also creating the necessary preconditions for the emergence of SMEs as part of the water

management cycle and technology related value chain.

A2. Baseline Scenario

Ethiopia is a large and diverse country. It is a land-locked country located in the Horn of Africa, with an

area of about 1,1 million square kilometers. Its bio-physical environment includes a variety of contrasting

ecosystems, with significant differences in climate, soil properties, vegetation types, and agricultural

potential, biodiversity, and water resources. Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa,

currently numbering some 102 million, with only 20% of the population living in urban centers1, of which

21% live in Addis Ababa.2 At a current annual growth rate of 2.6%, Ethiopia’s population is estimated to

reach 130 million by 2025, and is projected by the UN to be among the world’s top ten most populous

countries by 2050.3

The country has experienced strong economic growth over the last decade with an average of 10.4% real

GDP growth, compared to the regional average of 5.4%.4 Growth reflects a mix of factors including

agricultural modernization, development of new export sectors, strong global commodity demand, and

government-led development investments. Private consumption and public investment have driven

demand side growth, with the latter assuming an increasingly important role in recent years. On the

supply side, growth was driven by an expansion of the services and agricultural sectors, while the role of

the industrial sector was relatively modest.

Despite making substantial progress on social and human development over the past decade, Ethiopia

remains one of the world’s poorest countries. Ethiopia is ranked 173 out of 187 countries ranked in the

Human Development Index (HDI).5 In order to break out of poverty and realize the national vision of

becoming a middle-income country by 2025, the government of Ethiopia (GoE) launched the first Growth

1 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=ET&name_desc=false 2 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS 3 https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/Files/WPP2015_DataBooklet.pdf 4 http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia/overview 5 http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/ETH

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and Transformation Plan (GTP), and Ethiopia is now in the Second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP

II).

For the sake of continuous sustainable development of the country, provision of clean water to its citizens

is one of the most urgent and important issues for the Government of Ethiopia (GoE). Economic studies

conducted in Africa have shown that impacts resulting from poor sanitation and hygiene cost the

economies between 0.9% and 2.4% of annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This translates

approximately US$ 10 per capita per year. 6 These figures reflect the a) adverse health effects associated

with poor sanitation and water supply, b) costs of treating these health problems, c) loss of productivity

that results when individuals are sick and others have to care for them, and d) time spent to access

services. These estimates do not include the costs associated with environmental impacts (e.g. polluted

water) and the adverse impacts on tourism and business.

In 2015 Ethiopia achieved the drinking water MDG target, successfully halving those without access to

improved drinking water since 1990 and as per the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS)

20167 the improved water supply coverage of Ethiopia is 64.8% while only 17.7% is contributed

from piped systems. However, despite the impressive progress, the EDHS implies that there is still a huge

challenge to provide basic water supply to about 35 million people who are mostly located in difficult-to-

reach (rural) areas and hydrologically challenging environments. About 60% of the country’s rural

population, do not have access to basic water services (drinking water from an improved source, provided

collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip including queuing) and 14%, which is around

11,000,000, relied on surface water for drinking purposes in 2015. As 93% of rural people did not have

access to basic water service in 2000, the water access is improving gradually, but still the circumstance

needs urgent development. 8 Moving forward, further improvements in drinking water supply are

challenged by the sustainability of water supply schemes associated with the low reliability of water

resources particularly in the more arid Regions of Ethiopia.

The situation is threatened by climate change, as droughts have affected several areas of the country,

leading to water sources drying up or becoming extremely shallow in the past twenty years. Between

2000 and 2018, six drought episodes have been recorded, causing devastating damage in rural areas.

Among these droughts, the one in 2015/16 is even considered to be the worst for over 30 years. Recently,

there was an Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)-induced drought in 2016/2017 in the southern and southeastern

pastoral areas, and the situation did not improve in 2018 due to the below average spring rains in 2018

which was the fourth consecutive spring with poor precipitation. 9 As agricultural water withdrawal

6 World Bank (2016), Water and Sanitation Program, www.wsp.org 7Central Statistical Agency Addis Ababa (2016), Demographic and Health Survey 2016, https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1860/Ethiopia%20DHS%202016%20KIR%20-%20Final%2010-17-2016.pdf 8 WHO and UNICEF (2017), Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines, https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Progress_on_Drinking_Water_Sanitation_and_Hygiene_2017.pdf 9 FAO (2017), Ethiopia Drought response plan and priorities in 2017, http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7693e.pdf

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accounted for 85% of total water withdrawal, these situations have seriously damaged agricultural

production, and thus Ethiopian economy.

Because of the severe droughts, many people living outside of the cities had to use water contaminated

with human and animal waste, causing infectious water borne diseases to spread in vulnerable rural areas

of the country. The diseases in relation with water supply include eye diseases (Trachoma), Diarrhea

(Cholera, Amebic dysentery and so on), viral illnesses (Hepatitis and Lassa fever) and worm diseases

(Guinea worm). In Ethiopia, Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD) spread in rural areas, and the number of target

people for humanitarian response plan increased to 6.26 million people in 2017 from 4.37 million people

in 2016.10 Diarrhea is the leading cause of under-five mortality in Ethiopia, causing 23% of all under-five

deaths, more than 70,000 children a year. The indirect effects of malnutrition to which poor water and

sanitation contribute 50% according to WHO- cost a further 3,800 lives. Malnutrition is widespread in

Ethiopia, as evidenced by high rates of moderate and severe stunting and underweight in children under

five: 51% and 12%, respectively. 11 Studies have shown that malnutrition leads to lower school

productivity and work productivity from impaired cognitive function and learning capacity.12

UNHCR reported that in April 2018 around 400km south of the capital Addis Ababa inter-communal

clashes erupted following more than a year-long crippling drought and tension over resources forcing

more than 1.2 million to flee since April. Furthermore, renewed violence along the border areas of Gedo

and West Guji zones since early June 2018 resulted in over 642,152 internally displaced persons (IDPs) in

Gedo zone and 176,098 IDPs in West Guji zone of Oromia region. Those who fled described witnessing

extreme violence during village raids, including indiscriminate killing, rape, livestock slaughter and houses

being burnt to the ground.13

Due to the lack of rainfall in the regions hosting IDPs - Gambella, Melkadida, Assossa and Samara- many

women and children are forced to walk more than three hours in order to collect water, often from

shallow wells or unprotected ponds that are frequently found riddled with disease. In addition to the

problem that IDPs do not have access to clean water and thus are prone to water borne diseases, water

collection labor itself presents a significant issue. First of all, health of water collectors is a major problem,

water transport can take considerable time and energy, placing high demands on the metabolism, and

result in pressure on the skeletal system leading to early arthritis. Additionally, the time spent on water

collecting labor is directly correlated with the risk of water borne diseases. An analysis of cross-sectional

data showed that a five-minute decrease in the time to a water source was associated with a 14% drop in

diarrhea risk and a higher bodyweight score in children under five. Secondly, because water collection

labor is a heavy and time-consuming duty, communities without close access to water tend to cook less

or only once a day. Lastly, among the issues regarding water collection labor, one that carries much

10 Government of Ethiopia and Humanitarian Partners (2017), Ethiopia Humanitarian Requirements Document Mid-Year Review 2017, https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/system/files/documents/files/ethiopia_humanitarian_requirements_document_mid-year_review_2017.pdf 11 UNICEF (2009), Tracking progress on child and maternal nutrition. A survival and development priority 12 Acharya A, Paunio M and Ahmed K. (2008), Environmental health and child survival: epidemiology, economics and experience, World Bank 13 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-09/08/c_137452801.htm

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significance is that this hard and time-consuming labor is mostly done by women and children. The current

situation is causing women and children in these most vulnerable communities to put water collection

above all else. Ethiopian households that do not have water access within 30 minutes depend on women

for 72% of water collection labor, and children for 18 %. As women and children generally have less

physical capacity to carry heavy loads in contrast to adult men the labor is an even heavier burden for

them. Also, the labor rubs of their time and right to productive activity, leisure and education.

With the new SDG indicators of safely managed water supply system and sanitation facilities, there is a

need to accelerate the effort to achieve the planned results. The threatening climate induced water

shortage is adding up to the problem indicating the necessity for a climate resilient water

sanitation/supply. The 2015/2016 El Niño induced drought has demonstrated resilient water supply

systems are essential in future water supply programs that sustain hazards as a result of environmental

calamities.

Water supply and sanitation is the top priority of Ethiopian water management policy and strategy. The

current growth and transformation plan (GTP II) clearly articulates, based on new water supply standard,

to reach 85% from current 59% in rural areas (GTP II standard of 25 l/c/d within 1km radius) and 75% from

current 58% in urban areas(GTP II standard of 40 l/c/d within 1km radius) by 2020. By the end of the GTP

II period in 2020, the proportion of people using safely managed, adequate and resilient water supply

services is planned to be increased to 83% while the proportion of people using safely managed and

resilient sanitation services is planned to be increased to 100%. The number of people (particularly

mothers) practicing improved hygiene behaviors (Hand Washing, Face Washing, Food Hygiene) and

living in healthy environments is planned to be increased to 70%, by 2020, from the current 17%. The GTP

II is also an important vehicle to achieve universal access of water supply and sanitation in line with the

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

In order to achieve the goals mentioned above, GoE launched The One WASH National Program (OWNP)

whose objective is to contribute to improving the health and well-being in rural and urban areas by

increasing water supply and sanitation access and the adoption of good hygiene practices in an equitable

and sustainable manner. OWNP includes four components, Rural and Pastoral WASH, Urban WASH,

Institutional WASH, and Program Management and Capacity Building.

The proposed project will support Rural WASH, which includes construction of 55,865 new water points

and water supply schemes and rehabilitating 20,010 existing schemes in rural areas by 2020, as well as

the Capacity Building activities under OWNP. In 2018 UNIDO, with the support of the Government of Japan,

launched the pilot project titled “Improving public health by solar-powered water sanitation systems in

Ethiopia”, the proposed project will build on the findings of the pilot initiative and upscale the technology

transfer and localization, capacity building, market development and other activities to strengthen the

Organization’s support to OWNP. Additionally, the project will explore the potential role of local industry

actors within the OWNP and how these may complement a lack of capacity requirements from locally.

Furthermore the proposed project will be related to two pillar strategies of GTP II: No.6 :Accelerate human

development and technological capacity building and ensure its sustainability and No.8 :Promote women

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and youth empowerment, ensure their participation in the development process and enable them

equitably benefit from the outcomes of development).14 The project will be in line with SDG3 (Ensure

healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages), SDG6 (Ensure availability and sustainable

management of water and sanitation for all), SDG7 (Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and

modern energy for all), SDG9 (Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable

industrialization and foster innovation) and United Nations Resolution 64/292 which refers to the human

right to water and sanitation.

A3. Main Target Groups

The proposed project will include several classes of beneficiaries, from inhabitants of vulnerable rural

communities and IDPs, municipal personnel, SMEs, to regional state and central Government

policymakers.

The primary target group will be the rural inhabitants, IDPs and returnees of participating Ethiopian

woredas and kebeles. The primary driver to engage the local beneficiaries with the proposed project is

the decentralization of governance responsibilities on water supply to the local level. This will involve

empowering women and youth in local communities to manage their water resources, and strengthening

the capacity of local stakeholders to build partnerships between the public and private sectors.

Women and youth are the most vulnerable segments of community and constantly at risk to be influenced

by poor water access and will therefore have special attention within the proposed project. One aspect

of their vulnerability is that households that do not have water access within 30 minutes depend on

women for 72% of water collection labor, and children for 18 %. The GoE recognizes that women and

youths are major constituents to drive the nationwide growth and foster sustainable development and

one of the backbones to achieve the objectives of GTP2 is to “promote women and youth empowerment,

ensure their effective participation in the development and democratization process and enable them to

equitably benefit from the outcomes of development”. In line with this strategy, the proposed project

aims to lift the burden of water drawing labor for women and youth in the targeted area enabling them

to use the time and energy for other reproductive, productive, and community managing activities.

Central Government policymakers will be engaged with the proposed project to strengthen the efforts of

the GoE to fulfil the objectives of the GTP II and OWNP. For governmental personnel, their engagement

with the project will stem from the benefits they will derive from the localized technology transfer and

project’s capacity building efforts, which will enable personnel to improve their abilities to service their

clients in water related activities. Among such activities regions/woreda administrators will receive

capacity building training in site determination, assembly and installation of such water treatment

facilities.

For SMEs involved, their engagement will be strengthened through the prospect of increased business

opportunities, knowledge gained through participating in sector tailored workshops and the increase of

14 National Planning Commission Ethiopia (2016), Growth and Transformation Plan II (GTP II (2015/16-2019/2020), http://dagethiopia.org/new/images/DAG_DOCS/GTP2_English_Translation_Final_June_21_2016.pdf

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their efficiencies. Local SMEs will be engaged in activities exploring the possibility of further localization

and local production of water sanitation systems and/or its components along the value chain. Also

awareness raising activities will be undertaken introducing technologies available with local industry

leaders/associations. Lastly, domestic Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractors and

international EPCs that already have presence in Ethiopia will receive a focused capacity building training

to enhance their ability in providing specialized services both government and private sector actors in

support of their water and sanitation related activities.

A4. Stakeholders

Name Stakeholder’s mandate

Ministry of Industry (MoI)

Facilitate selection, adoption and implementation of technology , acquiring best practices and technology transfer and skills development; Work towards the capacity building of industrial development; Establish systems of capacity building, research and ensure implementations that industrial productions to maintain their quality standards, and competitive on international market; Create appropriate mechanisms of linkage between small , medium and huge industries, and provide necessary support to small ,medium industries ; Provide necessary support and capacity building to Regional states or city administrations on establishment of industrial zones and carry out clusters; Work in collaboration with foreign countries and organizations in capacity building, human resource development and technology transfer that support the acceleration of industrial development.

Water development Commission

Mandate of the commission

Development of water for the healthy and productive citizen of the country and to enable rapid and sustainable economic growth. Through provision of sustainable and reliable clean water supply and sanitation infrastructure studies, design and construction of potable water and sanitation projects to increase the coverage of potable water and sanitation coverage. Improving the country's potable water and sanitation service through development and management of potable water and sanitation infrastructure

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Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE)

Has a mandate on the sectors of water sanitation, irrigation and electricity; In cooperation with the appropriate organs, prescribe quality standards for waters to be used for various purposes; Support the expansion of potable water supply coverage; Follow up and coordinate the implementation of projects financed by foreign assistance and loans.

Environment, Forest and Climate Change Commission

To initiate and coordinate the formulation of strategies, policies, laws and standards as well as procedures and later on enforce their implementation; Responsible for the synergistic implementation and follow-up of international and regional environmental agreements (hazardous chemicals, industrial wastes, etc.).

Ministry of Innovation and Technology (MoIT)

Register technology transfers made in every sector, coordinate codification and technology capability accumulation efforts, & ensure successive use of same; Facilitate interaction and collaboration among government and private higher education and research institutions and industries with a view to ensure research and technological development; Facilitate capacity building of public and private sector institutions and professionals involved in science and technological activities;

Ministry of Health (MoH)

Improving the knowledge, attitude, behavior and practice of the population on prevention and control of disease and healthy life style;

Ethiopia Water Technology Institute

Conducting short-term practical trainings of trainers, on courses designed in line with the sector’s qualification levels and new technologies to fill identified skill gaps of instructors working in technical and vocational education and training institutions;

Facilitating the transfer of technology that enables to fill the local gaps in the sector’s development;

Providing technical and consultation support to education and training institutions that produce graduates required by the sector in organizing training program and introduction to new technologies; and serve as center for professional competence evaluation;

Cooperating with higher education institutions on human resource development in the sector; conduct joint research and assist in strengthening of local research and technology transfer capacity in the sector.

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Regional state and local government15

These are expected to have following key roles: provision local expertise for day-to-day site-level coordination, management, progress monitoring, supervision and facilitation for local beneficiary to ensure local institutional mechanism for beneficiary.

Stakeholders that promote gender equality and women’s empowerment.

Stakeholders will also consider relevant gender focal points and

experts, as well as local and international associations and/ or

agencies promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment,

in particular those focusing on the nexus between gender and

agriculture, energy needs and entrepreneurship.

Private sector representative (water supply and sanitation association

A5. Synergy

UNIDO has been supporting Ethiopia to reinforce its industrial sector as a driving force for sustainable

economic growth, as the Government of Ethiopia pursues its goal to elevate the country to middle-income

status within a decade. To this end Ethiopia has been selected as a pilot partner country for the

application of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development (ISID) assistance through the Programme

for Country Partnerships (PCP). The focus for Ethiopia in the PCP is characterized by two directions of

intervention: Sector-specific interventions focused on agro-food processing, textile and apparel, and

leather and leather products; and Cross-cutting interventions covering capacity building, environment and

energy, investment and industrial zones, and trade facilitation. UNIDO supports this process through the

formulation of technical cooperation projects which target the following three thematic areas: Creating

shared prosperity; Advancing economic competitiveness; and Safeguarding the environment. Currently,

there are 11 ongoing projects for Creating shared prosperity such as “Improving the sustainability and

inclusiveness of the Ethiopian coffee value chain”, “Technical assistance project for the up-grading of the

Ethiopian leather and leather products”, “Support the African Union Commission in its efforts to promote

inclusive and sustainable industrial development”, “Technical support for the implementation of an

integrated agro-industrial park and “Upgrading the livestock value chain”, and 3 projects for Advancing

economic competitiveness like “Integrated industrial upgrading and enterprise development approach”,

“First international agro-industry investment forum in Ethiopia” and “Engineering design work for

integrated agro-industrial parks and rural transformation centers”, and 5 projects for Safeguarding the

environment such as “Improving public health by solar-powered water sanitation systems in Ethiopia”,

“Investment promotion on environmentally sound management of electrical and electronic waste”,

“HCFC phase-out management plan” and “Support the local manufacturing of energy-efficient MITAD

stoves”.

15 The exact local authorities (e.g. Regional Water and Energy Bureau etc.) and stakeholders will be identified during the inception phase

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The proposed project will be aligned with PCP programmatic framework for Ethiopia and consult with the

PCP Technical Working Groups and other ongoing projects as listed above in order to extend the impact

of UNIDO’s technical cooperation under the proposed project. The project will be related to agro-food

processing sector and will cover two PCP thematic areas: creating shared prosperity and safeguarding the

environment. As the agro-industrial parks in Ethiopia, covered by UNIDO’s PCP framework, grow in size

and volume, satellite parks located in rural areas may be added to feed into the main agro-industrial parks.

The proposed project will be in line with PCP orientation, providing beneficiaries with the necessary

sanitation resources in the form of a clean and reliable water supply. Such an approach has a great

potential for the improvement of living and working conditions of rural farmers and enhance community

moral while simultaneously contributing to both the technical aspects and public perception of the PCP

throughout its direct contribution to Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development (ISID).

Building on the pilot project “Improving public health by solar-powered water sanitation systems in

Ethiopia” and with the continuation of the support by the Government of Japan and its Japanese

Supplementary Budget, UNIDO will build on the lessons learned and expand project reach and impact by

extensively collaboration with the national programme on water sanitation, raising awareness among

local industry leaders and associations on available technologies and strengthening linkages to SDG9 and

ISID.

Furthermore, the proposed project will collaborate with and draw from the lessons learnt in UNIDO’s Low

Carbon Low Emission Clean Energy Technology Transfer (LCET) Programme which is currently active in

Ethiopia. The main objective of this Japan funded programme is to promote rapid deployment and

dissemination of new low carbon low emission clean energy technologies, products, services and systems

from Japan, while also expanding the localization and potential local manufacturing aspects. Synergies

will be sought in the arias of technology demonstration, capacity building and knowledge management.

B. UNIDO APPROACH

B1. Rationale

Economic returns on water and sanitation projects are highly favorable. Average rates of return exceed

20% annually on over 60 projects of development banks in Africa.16 Several projects supported by the

development banks in Ethiopia have high rates of return, with 21% for a national program and 38% in a

rural project. 17 Such rates of return are attractive for sectors which are not traditionally seen as

productive.

A global study18 conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the cost-benefit ratio of

investments in water supply and sanitation for Ethiopia, which took into consideration health

improvements and time savings. The economic benefits are estimated to be 1.7 times the costs for water

supply and 3.0 times the costs for sanitation. Indeed, the case for investment becomes even more

16 Based on a special survey conducted for Sanitation and Water for All in 2012 17 African Development Fund (2005), Rural water supply and sanitation program appraisal Report 18 World Health Organization (2012), Global costs and benefits of drinking-water supply and sanitation interventions to reach the MDG target and universal coverage

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compelling when one considers that these results underestimate economic benefit as they do not take

into account a range of other health and non-health benefits associated with improved water and

sanitation. Such benefits of improved water and sanitation rarely captured in economic studies are so-

called ‘intangible’ impacts because they are difficult to measure and are: health cost- effectiveness, safety

and security, less water pollution, greater dignity and equality between men and women, nutrient reuse,

tourism, and business, etc. Hence water and sanitation promote social equality and economic growth.

In Africa, the cost of basic water and sanitation has been estimated at US$ 534 per Healthy Life Year

gained.19,20 When a cost per Healthy Life Year gained is below three times the GDP per capita of a country,

the intervention is deemed by the WHO as a cost-effective use of health budgets. In Ethiopia, where GDP

per capita is US$ 76721, a strong argument exists for investing health budgets in water and sanitation.

When, in addition to improving access to water supply, interventions are added to improve water quality

by treating it at the point that it is used, the cost-effectiveness is even more favorable, approximating

those of other preventive health interventions such as those commonly used against malaria and

HIV/AIDS.

The proposed project will adopt UNIDO’s technology transfer approach which will enable it to effectively

assist the GoE in improving rural water supply. Through the proposed project the cost competitiveness of

innovative water sanitation technologies will be progressively strengthened and non-cost barriers such as

policy gaps, logistics and supply chain barriers and information or knowledge barriers will be removed.

The technology transfer approach will consist of cross-cutting components and activities including

demonstration of advanced water sanitation technology, capacity building activities for system

management, local maintenance, adoption and dissemination of the technology, new business

development in the targeted region, knowledge management including institutional partnership, know-

how, standards and best practices showcasing to mainstream incentive mechanisms and replication

action.

The UNIDO approach is in line with the organization’s focus on promoting green economy and renewable

energy for productive uses. Overall, the project is designed to develop a strategy to mainstream and

uptake the innovative water sanitation technology through its intervention by creating incentives for new

market and value additions of new clean technology solutions. To meet its objectives, the project is

targeted to promote water sanitation technologies in Ethiopia for enhancing sustainable water supply,

and for creating linkages with productive uses along with building local capacities for operation and

maintenance, as well as local awareness raising. The project will raise awareness about available

technologies to industry by involving industry leaders/associations in its activities, while domestic and

foreign EPCs that already have presence in Ethiopia will be encompassed in capacity building activities.

19 Healthy Life Years (HLY) are defined as ‘a year of life lived in full health’ and make it possible to compare different health interventions. 20 Figures refer to WHO AFRO region, epidemiological sub-stratum E: “Estimating the costs and health benefits of water and sanitation improvements at global level”. Haller L, Hutton G and Bartram J. Journal of Water and Health 5:467-80. 2007. 21 World Bank, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=ET

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The strength of the project rationale is the project’s adoption of a multi-stakeholder process (MSP). With

a wide range of different project stakeholders (as summarized in point A4) contributing to the outcomes

of the project, project activities will not be operating in a vacuum but, rather, in a context where there

are complementary baseline initiatives with which synergies must be forged to deliver maximum benefits

productively, efficiently and effectively to beneficiaries. Through the MSP, the project will deliver activities

that will strengthen the clean water accessibility, build the confidence of the wide range of stakeholders

on this project (from the local community, targeted industrial sector(s), SMEs to the local government

personnel and central government policymakers), and encourage scaling-up and replication.

Moreover, the project is aligned with the broader national agenda/priorities and will contribute towards:

The delivery of clean and healthy environment, prescribed in the 1994 Ethiopian Constitution.

The implementation of a low carbon, climate-resilient development pathway proposed in the

National Climate Change Action Plan.

The attainment of a clean, secure and sustainable environment envisioned in the CRGE Vision.

The realization of the goals set out in GTP II and OWNP.

B2. Comparative Advantage

UNIDO has the following comparative advantages for the implementation of this project:

UNIDO has proven expertise in developing technology transfer projects on the ground that have

direct impact especially in piloting new technologies;

UNIDO’s integrated approach can advance the synergy within technical assistance that provides

tangible solutions through system demonstration on the ground level with a linkage to policy

levels effectively in catalyzing greater development of specific technologies. UNIDO has hands-on

experience in local technology adaptation and capacity development. In addition, the project

emphasizes on business model and market development to create sound investment

environment for further up-scaling, which is in line with UNIDO’s mandate;

The proposed project has been developed based on UNIDO’s expertise from other low carbon low

emission clean energy projects and programs in the past and on-going in various countries. UNIDO

will bring all experiences and lessons learned to this project;

The project recognizes that gender equality and the empowerment of women have significant

positive impacts on sustained economic growth and sustainable industrial development, which

are drivers of poverty reduction and social integration. UNIDO considers gender mainstreaming

as a key strategy for achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women;

UNIDO has longstanding mutual collaboration with the GoE and therefore, UNIDO can further

ensure synergy and linkages with on-going technology transfer projects. Ethiopia has been

selected as a pilot partner country for the application of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial

Development (ISID) assistance through the Programme for Country Partnerships (PCP);

The Low Carbon Low Emission Clean Energy Technology Transfer Programme is currently being

implemented in Ethiopia. Synergies, linkages with and lessons learned from the Programme will

significantly contribute to the proposed project;

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With the support of the Government of Japan, UNIDO is currently implementing the project

“Improving public health by solar-powered water sanitation systems in Ethiopia”. The significant

knowledge gained on the needs for technology localization, hydro-chemical composition of rural

water sources, and other lessons learned as well as stakeholders engaged will be mobilized to

further support the implementation and successful execution of the proposed project.

The strategic approach of UNIDO’s Department of Energy is compatible with this project, which

deals with demand-driven intervention, creating local ownership, inter-disciplinary approach,

strategic partnerships, financial leverage, and best-practice and potential scaling up of new

innovative technologies;

UNIDO has been assisting countries in Africa to develop and implement Green Industry solutions

for low carbon and climate resilient industrial development in particular by enabling, as

appropriate, the transfer, deployment and scaling-up of appropriate technical solutions in the

areas of resource efficiency including sustainable energy, cleaner production and water and

effluent management;

Since the early 1990s, UNIDO has been implementing a number of projects and programs that

promote cleaner technologies and/or preventive environmental management, including several

in Africa. A synergy could further be sought with the recent project, “Low carbon and climate

resilient industrial development in Egypt, Kenya, Senegal and South Africa”. The potential linkage

could be established in government action to integrate Green Industry policy instruments in

relevant industrial development policies and strategies, and strengthened cooperation on low

carbon and climate resilient industrial development among African countries and with Japan,

including both government and business levels.

B3. Inception Phase

The proposed project is designed with the objective of building on work done within the JSB 2017 pilot

project with regards to strengthening local clean technology capacity and efficiency in UNIDO context and

to enhance local absorptive capacity for new technologies, products, services, and systems. It will support

the diffusion of new knowledge but also rely on the adaptation of existing proven technologies and

services to create a new local context. To this end a transparent selection process will be developed in the

project to allow for sustainable technology solutions most suitable to local conditions to be transferred.

The project will assist to develop a clear understanding and agreement procedure for the selected site

and technology transfer in the context of UNIDO’s technical cooperation activity with the target country.

The inception phase will consider a broad set of selection criteria for potential project sites to ensure

comprehensive recognition of all technical and socio-economic characteristics to design optimal

conditions for technology transfer under the UNIDO intervention. Potential sites will be objectively

screened using those criteria. In a bi- or multilateral framing, the donor and recipient country will have

opportunities to express interest and provide proposals for specific solutions in the process of

intervention design.

During the inception phase, feasibility studies will be conducted for individual potential sites in the

recipient country. The feasibility studies will, among other details, specifically focus on beneficiary

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analysis, technology details, social acceptance and gender dimensions, financing models, site

identification, market potential, and presently existing policy barriers. Preparatory consultations will be

arranged in the field to identify more concrete interest and support by local stakeholders and local

authorities. All results from interventions of the JSB2017 water sanitation project will be taken into

account and further expanded. Also the presence of targeted development areas will be identified.

The feasibility studies will start with the systematic assessment of socioeconomic needs and available

infrastructures for the potential technology solution in the potential site. The assessment will focus on

sustainability of the sites for the system, electricity supply structure, water source, water composition and

toxicity, the function of existing associations, existence and type of productive activities required, energy

demand, availability productive assets, and available human resources and the private sector. The

feasibility studies will secure the alignment of site selection with PCP orientation so to enhance the nexus

between SDGs 3, 7, and 9. In order to mainstream the gender dimensions, efforts will be made to ensure

a gender balance among the beneficiaries of the project, this will include that discussions will be held with

both male and female leaders so that both men and women can shape, participate in and contribute to

the project through mutual knowledge sharing.

In the inception phase the project sites will be carefully selected after completion of the identification of

technical, economic/financial environmental viabilities in particular based on clearly identified links to

water sanitation practices. In parallel, the current policy and legal/regulatory framework for water

sanitation technology and innovative management systems will be reviewed including policy-linked

business options.

Inception report will be prepared to specify the above-mentioned assessment results obtained through

the feasibility studies. The inception report will be gender responsive and outline the following:

Identification, analysis and prioritization of country or region-specific policies and barriers

(technical, social, economic, and political) and identification of policy/barrier baselines;

Needs assessment;

Review of the current relevant policy/legislative landscape and identification of bottlenecks for

potential future dissemination and production value chain localization;

Objectives and option/solutions analysis (this may involve an assessment of project specific

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats);

Stakeholder analysis to identify primary/secondary beneficiaries, their interests and +/- impacts,

ownership;

Baseline setting and monitoring mechanism of sustainability indicators and risk analysis;

Rationale of the technology, product, service, or system selection for the project within the

UNIDO mandate;

An explicit reference to Geographical Limitation of Competitive Bidding in accordance with the

UNIDO Procurement Manual modality for the identified Japanese technologies, products, service,

or systems;

Data acquisition and monitoring framework of system performance measurement during the

implementation phase;

15

Development of capacity building activities;

Sustainability strategy of technical implementation;

Detailed work plan.

B4. Sustainability Strategy

A sustainability baseline for the project will be set up, which will include measurable social, economic and

environmental indicators. These will be used later to monitor and validate the added-value of the

technology transferred in the target region.

The design of the project will include the component of an exit strategy of the UNIDO intervention to

ensure long term viability of the transferred technology, products, services and systems beyond the

immediate project timeline. Sustainability strategies of the project will be developed during the inception

phase and will be tailored to the carefully selected sites based on their economic and financial feasibility

as well as applicability to productive uses.

The project will start by determining the sustainability strategy that will be developed based on the

ownership structure and appropriate operation and maintenance (O&M) modality. Some alternatives may

also be considered for the system transfer (e.g. transfer via authority to the owner, direct transfer, etc.)

on completion of the project. For the project’s sustainability the maintenance and after service base will

be identified and the local vocational capacity will be built. To this end the project will implement training

and workshops to provide the local authorities, experts, businesses, community, etc., with skill

development opportunities at the site using the installed technology. As an example of one of the

envisaged activities the proposed project will support woreda administration for community based water

business management capacity building including O&M, legal entity formation, a fee collection process.

The project would actively support such trainings to be conducted by woreda, together with state or

federal government assistance.

Workshops will be planned to enhance the understanding of water sanitation technologies. Since the

technology is yet to be commercialized in the local market, there is a need of awareness about innovative

technology and its application potentials. The awareness for the market potential and necessary barriers

for new market/sector deployment will also be considered. Local promotion materials (press, brochure,

etc.) will be prepared to advocate the project’s benefits and secure community and authority support as

well as advocate potential markets and investment. The awareness rising and capacity development

activities will be linked as a holistic knowledge management scheme.

Workshops will be organized to enhance business and technical skills. This would effectively develop and

sustain the potential market as well as local manufacturing opportunity such as joint ventures for scaling

up this technology in Ethiopia. Best practices and lessons-learned will be shared to stimulate further

localization in Ethiopia in close cooperation with national/international partner institutions as well as

policy integration for further scaling up. The proposed project will focus on developing the local capacity

to operate and maintain the water sanitation system in addition to facilitating the establishment of a

sustainable water supply cycle linked to a broader industrial value chain.

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The sustainability strategy of the UNIDO intervention will include:

Identification of ownership, self-sustaining proposals and possible collaborative achievements

with counterparts as mutual efforts;

A sustainability baseline for the project will be set up, which will include measurable social,

economic and environmental indicators. These will be used later to monitor and validate the

added-value of the technology transferred in the target region.

Development of self-sustaining business model of the implemented technology and services

based on financial planning and scenario development to make the system operational under

variable national and site-specific conditions.

Enhancement of local human and production capacity. Target training modules will be developed

to ensure the local capacity of system maintenance, operation, and management.

Phasing strategy to mobilize funds with recipient and donor governments.

Formulation of recommendations on how potential policy/legislative barrios that may create

bottlenecks for further upscaling, technology transfer and replication in Ethiopia are to be

addressed.

Identification of financing opportunities for possible dissemination of project outcomes with

UNIDO ITPO offices and other potential finance institutions such as ADB, GEF, GCF, and EU;

The proposed approach is envisaged to achieve quick impacts but also for medium- or long-term

development gains such as capacity building aimed at maximizing impacts of this project on the

beneficiaries while ensuring continuity of activities after the closure of the project.

B5. Gender Mainstreaming Strategy

UNIDO recognizes that gender mainstreaming is a key strategy for achieving gender equality and the

empowerment of women (GEEW) which are crucial for achieving a significant positive impact on sustained

economic growth and inclusive industrial development, which are key drivers of poverty alleviation and

social progress. The project aims to demonstrate good practices in mainstreaming gender aspects through

its activities, wherever possible, and avoid negative impacts on people, due to their gender. Consequently,

gender dimensions will be considered throughout the whole project, although, depending on the type of

intervention and scope of activities, the degree of relevance of gender dimension may vary.

Guiding principle of the project will be to ensure that both women and men are provided equal

opportunities to access, participate in and benefit from the project. Therefore the outcomes, outputs and

activities are designed to meet the different needs and priorities of women and men.

In practical terms,

Efforts will be made to promote equal participation of women and men in capacity building and

awareness raising activities, at community, managerial and technical levels, as participants (such

as entrepreneurs) and trainers. Given that some of the trainings to be provided by this project will

be of a technical nature, if necessary the project will also provide bridging training courses so that

women who may not have a technical background will have an intermediary training.

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The other aspect within the strategy is job creation. Women will be encouraged to apply for

positions to operate and maintain the facilities and additional services related to the water

sanitation site.

Gender-sensitive recruitment will be practiced at all levels where possible, especially in selection

of project staff. Gender responsive TORs will be used to mainstream gender in the activities and

tasks of consultants and experts. In cases where the project does not have direct influence, gender

sensitive recruitment will be encouraged. In cases where the project is not expected to affect

women and men differently, gender-sensitive recruitment will still be encouraged to ensure

diversity in team composition. Furthermore, whenever possible existing staff will be trained and

their awareness raised regarding gender issues.

All decision-making processes will consider gender dimensions. At project management level,

Project Steering Committee meetings will invite observers to ensure that gender dimensions are

represented, while also the gender balanced composition in project committee will be

emphasized. For this purpose, women’s groups and associations, gender experts and /or other

stakeholder concerned with gender and energy will be consulted.

When data-collection or assessments are conducted, gender dimensions will be considered. This

can include sex-disaggregated data collection, performing gender analysis, etc.

All training materials and knowledge management activities will be gender mainstreamed. This

includes integration of gender dimensions into publications, for instance presenting sex-

disaggregated data, gender-energy nexus theory, gender sensitive language in publications,

photos showing both women and men, and avoid presenting stereotypes, as well as assuring that

women, men and the youth have access to and benefit from the knowledge created.

In sum, the project design will acknowledge the gender differences of access to resources (such as water,

finance, knowledge and technology), in line with UNIDO Gender Policy and Strategy as well as the

counterparts’ objectives regarding GEEW.

B6. Environmental and Social Assessment

The Project will not cause any environmental harm in the region which is to be selected nor will the

implementation of project activities lead to temporal or permanent displacement of local inhabitants

living within and around implementation site.

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C. THE PROJECT

C1. Project Logical Framework

Results Baseline Targets

Outcome

Output

Activity

Estimated Completion

Date KPI' s / Indicators

Total

Female

Total

Female

Improved public health of Ethiopian host communities and liberation of women and children from water drawing labor by providing sustainable access to clean and sanitary drinking water

31.03.2020 # people gained access to clean water (disaggregated by sex)

# women and children released from water drawing labor

1. Provision of clean water through solar-powered water sanitation systems under conditions of equality and gender equity

31.03.2020 # metric tons clean water provided per day

# of people have access to clean water (disaggregated by sex)

1.1 Develop a work plan for the project 31.03.2020 Work plan successfully developed

1.2 Conduct feasibility studies (FS) in selected regions which are vulnerable in terms of access to clean water

31.03.2020 # feasibility studies conducted

1.3 Conduct validation workshop for validation of FS and obtain accord for way forward by national, regional, and woreda stakeholders

31.03.2020 # governmental stakeholder entities present at workshop (disaggregated by sex)

1.4 Build a technical transfer model that will address needs identified through FS

31.03.2020 Technical transfer model designed

1.5 Identify and secure location for installation of water sanitation system

31.03.2020 # locations identified

Appropriate location secured

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1.6 Procurement of all necessary equipment and services

31.03.2020 Equipment and services procured

1.7 Develop detailed work plans for installing the systems and decide on monitoring criteria

31.03.2020 Work plans and monitoring criteria successfully developed

1.8 Installation of slow filtration and solar pv systems

31.03.2020 Systems successfully installed

1.9 Test-run of the water sanitation systems to demonstrate compliance with water quality standards and target production volumes

31.03.2020 # t processed water per day

# days systems operated without interruption

Water quality standards are met

1.10 Monitoring and corrective measures

31.03.2020 # indicators successfully collected as necessary data to monitor and evaluate facility

1.11 Execute a closing workshop to verify way forward in recommendation to address needs nation-wide and technical transfer of further systems inviting additional regional and woreda level stakeholders (if necessary)

31.03.2020 # of regional and woreda stakeholders participating in workshop (disaggregated by sex)

1.12 Create replication and upscaling strategy for technology transfer and value chain localization under the PCP Ethiopia context

31.03.2020 # potential sites identified to install water sanitation facilities in future

1.13 Project monitoring and evaluation 31.03.2020 # of steering/technical committee meetings conducted (disaggregated by sex)

# of reports prepared and distributed

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2. Develop technical capacity of communities to independently operate the water sanitation system and improve awareness on public health under conditions of gender equality and equity

31.03.2020 # of skilled operators (disaggregated by sex)

# of jobs created related to the increased clean water supply (disaggregated by sex)

# a/o % of women out of total newly hired local people

2.1 Plan delivery of trainings (i.e. identify technical requirements, prepare for equipment supply, design gender-responsive course instructional materials, etc.)

31.03.2020 Delivery of trainings successfully planned and all required services/materials procured

2.2 Site determination trainings to potential state/woreda administrators

Training conducted

2.3 Conduct training workshops on operation and maintenance

31.03.2020 # of trainees trained (disaggregated by sex)

# (# a/o %) people passed the qualified test for operation (disaggregated by sex)

2.4 Conduct market assessment for water related services

31.03.2020 Market assessment report created

2.5 Develop a site-specific protocols for daily use and maintenance, and a financial management plans

31.03.2020 Recorded standard operating procedure including cost-recovery scheme

2.6 Transfer facility ownership to community organizations

31.03.2020 Ownership transferred

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2.7 Plan and conduct gender-sensitive participatory workshops to the public to increase the awareness of project objectives and importance of clean water

31.03.2020 # of participatory workshops/demonstration events conducted

# of people attending workshops (disaggregated by sex)

2.8 Provide project visibility by making data available to public via digital social media in English, Amheric and/or local language

31.03.2020 # of materials made available to public

# of promotional/awareness raising campaigns

# people reached via social media (disaggregated by sex)

Output 3: Capacity building of industry and Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractors to strengthen their role in the water and sanitation agenda of Ethiopia

31.03.2020

3.1 Conduct workshop(s) for industry leaders and associations on technologies available and their role in OWNP

31.03.2020 Workshop successfully conducted (disaggregated by sex)

3.2 Conduct workshop for selected local and international EPCs

31.03.2020 Workshop successfully conducted (disaggregated by sex)

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C2. Risk & Mitigation Measures

Result Assumptions & Risks isks

Project element Risk Description Risk Type Risk Level Assumptions Mitigation Measures

Political Lack of Government attention at the national level

Governance Low Lack of political support from federal Government to support water sanitation

The Government has paid close attention to climate change mitigation, as evidenced by playing a lead role in global climate change negotiations and being a forerunner in Africa in the building of a green economy. It has developed numerous green development strategies, including the National Growth and Transformation Plan and the Green Development Strategy. Such motivation is a good indicator of Ethiopia’s commitment to ensure sustainable growth.

Political Low level of cooperation between executing institutions at national and local levels

Governance Medium Unwillingness at sub-national level to collaborate with the national-level institutions to implement the project

Existing strategies at the national and local levels, as well as legal frameworks, will provide a conducive environment to execute water sanitation initiatives. Project implementation will also ensure an inclusive, participatory approach at the local level, involving all key stakeholders including women and youth.

As shown under C3, the project will put in place a Project Steering Committee that will facilitate coordination between the national, regional and local levels of government. All three levels of governance are captured in the organizational structure.

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Financial Poor business management of water sanitation system or economic crisis could make the system not financially sustainable

Beneficiaries Medium The economics of the water sanitation system are not attractive to support a market chain

The project will work closely with the local partners, to ensure the financial management plan is feasible and in line with local context. A detailed financial model will be developed to substantiate investments in the water treatment technology. The capacity building activities of the project will further ensure its financial sustainability.

Technology transfer

Poor source water quality or operation of water sanitation system could have a negative impact on the overall operation of the installed system

Technical High The source water is contaminated to a degree impairing the operation of the water sanitation system

Prior to site selection, feasibility studies will be executed to baseline the quality of water source. The technical staff will be trained to ensure that source water is of a appropriate standard to be inserted in the sanitation system, equipment is regularly checked and changes are made promptly when needed, water analysis routinely carried out to ensure standards/ parameters are kept. The project will draw from the extensive experience gained in the site selection process during implementation of “Improving public health by solar-powered water sanitation systems in Ethiopia” as reflected in Annex 2.

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Technology transfer

Lack of nationally-available expertise and human resources

Technical Low Difficulty in finding the human resources to implement activities due to insufficient public sector resources and poor training

Specific training for different topics will be prepared and conducted for the target groups. A training strategy and work plan will be formulated. Furthermore, in order to ensure sustainability of these training programs and render them practical a Train the Trainer methodology will be used. This will ensure that the outputs will be multiplied; the language barrier will be overcome; and peer learning will be facilitated.

Operational Challenges in raising local awareness and in changing attitudes

Beneficiaries Medium Behavioral change is not possible due to ineffective awareness and training campaigns on the benefits and opportunities associated with the project

The communication/stakeholder engagement plan and the information campaigns are planned to generate public buy-in. The awareness campaign will be supported by public incentives and an inter-sectoral communication plan.

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Operational Safety risks to local communities related to the construction and operation of water sanitation system

Low Physical injuries to members of the local communities

It should be noted that the water sanitation system will be automated to the extent possible and will be built on previously unoccupied land owned by the local administration or municipality. The physical infrastructure is expected to be of a non-disruptive scale. The automated nature of the operation implies that the site will be easy to manage, and therefore, poses little risk to local communities. Although this risk is low, the project will ensure that no harm is brought to local communities by the water sanitation system including its construction and operation in order to ensure that local communities are not inconvenienced by the activities related to the system.

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Operational There could be a risk of resistance against the involvement of women or activities that promote GEEW. Or there could be a lack of interest in, the project activities from stakeholders, especially with regard to the active promotion of gender equality.

Low participation rates of suitable female candidates due to lack of interest, inadequate project activity or missing qualified female population within engineering sector.

Beneficiaries Low Underestimation of the importance of gender mainstreaming

lack of interest, inadequate project activity or missing qualified female population

To mitigate this risk the project will pursue thorough and gender responsive communication showing the benefits of gender equality for both women and men, and ensure stakeholder involvement at all levels, with special regard to involving both women and men, as well as CSOs and NGOs promoting GEEW, and gender experts. This shall mitigate social and gender related risks, promote gender equality, create a culture of mutual acceptance and understanding, and maximize the potential contribution of the project to improving gender equality in the energy field.

To attract qualified female candidates to the project, adequate and gender responsive communication strategy will be carried out by reaching out to women’s groups and associations, while also making trainings and workshops accessible for women, . If necessary and in the scope of the project additional bridging courses for women will be considered, developed and implemented to empower women.

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C3. Institutional Arrangements and Coordination Mechanism

This project will be implemented based on the long standing experience and expertise of UNIDO in the

technical assistance provided to Ethiopia as well as in similar technology transfer projects.

UNIDO will facilitate the engagement of the central and local authorities of the Government of Ethiopia

in the project to help develop plans, monitor the implementation, and support in the evaluation of the

project. To this end, the overall project monitoring body will be represented by the Project Steering

Committee (PSC) composed by representatives of the involved counterparts both at public and private

sector levels such as Ministry of Water, Irrigation, and Electricity, Ministry of Industry, Environment,

Forest and Climate Change Commission, local authorities (other local stakeholders could be eventually

indicated and inserted in the PSC after the completion of the project’s Inception Phase), the Government

of Japan, and UNIDO. The steering committee will help facilitate and strategize the project to achieve the

desired objectives in the logical framework.

UNIDO will develop the work plan during the inception phase. The work plan will be endorsed by the

steering committee on the occasion of the first meeting of the steering committee. The work plan will

include a monitoring mechanism, which is specific to the project. The steering committee will meet at

least three times during the project period; namely at the timing of launching, midpoint, and termination

of the project.

The key roles of PSC are as follows:

High-level committee to provide oversight and strategic guidance;

Inter-ministerial and inter-departmental coordination with local authorities and stakeholders.

Policy advocacy support and advice.

The proposed project will establish a Technical Committee (TC) which will have a advisory and

coordination role at the project site level. The TC will also play a critical role in project monitoring and

evaluations at project site level. It will ensure that required local contributions including community in-

kind contributions are committed and implemented accordingly.TC will also arbitrate on any conflicts

within the project or negotiate a solution to any problems at project site level in line with the project rules

and regulation, including the Government and UNIOD. The TC shall comprise of representatives from

partner organizations and beneficiary groups. The members of the TC will be identified during the

inception phase.

A Project Management Unit (PMU) will be set up in Ethiopia consisting of a full time National Project

Coordinator (NPC), a project technical assistant, and short-term experts as per required team setup for

the effective project implementation. The PMU will be further supported by a wide-ranging network of

partners, experts, associate organizations and relevant government officials to set the strategic direction

of the project and assist in its implementation. The PMU will be responsible for the overall day-to-day

coordination and supervision of field activities and will establish a good working relationship between the

project, the beneficiaries, the counterparts and other on-going projects and programs. The PMU shall

28

serve as the secretariat of the PSC. The PMU will work under the supervision of the Project Manager (PM),

at UNIDO HQs in Vienna (Austria), who will be responsible for the overall management of the project.

The PM will monitor the project, assess progress made and lessons learned, discuss matters related to its

implementation and facilitate the smooth implementation of the project, and find solutions to possible

difficulties arising during the implementation.

The proposed local management structure of the project is as follows:

Given the gender sensitivity of the project, all project staff as well as the PSC members shall undergo

gender-sensitization training, e.g. the basic online course.

The project will encourage youth and women participants to ensure their active involvement during the

implementation phase. UNIDO/PTC/ENE is the primary implementing department in charge of overall

project coordination in close cooperation with UNIDO Regional Office, ITPO and other UNIDO

Departments.

Gov Ethiopia/UNIDO

Project Management Unit (PMU) - Project Coordinator

- Project Assistant - Experts

Beneficiaries: • Kebele,

community groups

• Regional State Government

• District, Zone, Woreda municipal government

• Local SMEs • MOWIE

Enabler Project Partners: • Private Sector

manufacturers and suppliers

• Contractors • Etc.

Project Steering Committee (PSC):

Co-Chairs: Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (MOWIE); Ministry of Industry (MOI) Members: Representatives from: e.g.

• Other related ministries;

• Regional State Government

• Government of Japan

• UNIDO

29

D. BUDGET ITEMS

D1. Counterpart inputs

In order to guarantee effectiveness, sustainability, buy-in and ownership of the project, UNIDO will

facilitate the involvement of central and local authorities of the Government of Ethiopia, as well as that

of relevant private counterparts, in the project.

Counterpart ministry of participating country:

Provision of nation-wide expertise on water management for overall project, project coordination and

policy matters.

MoWIE is envisaged to have the following key roles: provision of in-kind support for overall project

coordination, inter-ministry communication facilitation, policy matters, and identification/ coordination

of industry/ capacity building institution; Nomination of focal point for the proposed project.

State Government of participating country:

State Government or agency will provide co-financing (when possible) and in-kind contributions in form

of local expertise for the selection of the implementation site, transportation costs and per

diem/overheads for experts visiting the site, authorization, execution and/or supervision of the design

and civil work of the auxiliary equipment, training activities at the site, public awareness raising, and

regional policy promotion.

Regional government sector offices (Region, Zone, Woreda)

These are expected to have following key roles: provision local expertise for day-to-day site-level

coordination, management, supervision and facilitation for local beneficiary to ensure local institutional

mechanism for beneficiary: i.e. selection of pilot sites, installation/demonstration of the systems

(including receive/storage of equipment, inspection, permits, authorization), training activities at the site

(O&M, vocational etc.), public awareness raising (e.g. policy interpretations, advocacy, lessons learned),

regional policy promotion and government funding, and local supervision and management;

Furthermore, the project would welcome the nomination of one focal point for overall supervision, quality

assurance, policy action and one professional for day-by-day site-level management for the beneficiary

for smooth demonstration and project sustainability;

District development councils/associations etc.:

Provision of expertise for local business promotion and job opportunity including the involvement of

women; involvement of associations and NGOs that promote gender equality is envisaged when possible

and relevant.

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Local training institution in the participating country:

Provision of expertise on related technology and support to develop/organize training programme(s)

together with technology providers and partner institution for several local target groups such as

community people, technicians, entrepreneurs, and engineering students; Provision of academic human

resource such as students and lecturers/researchers as well as research facilities during system design

and demonstration, if necessary, which can be utilized as a part of on-the-job training; Provision of expert

support on innovative self-sustaining mechanism of the project and assistance to understand innovative

business development options.

During the inception phase, the specific inputs will be identified.

D2. UNIDO Inputs

UNIDO will provide inputs in terms of project management expertise, staff, experience, facilities and

know-how:

1. International staff

The project will be managed by a UNIDO HQ-based Japanese Project Manager (PM). Furthermore,

the project will involve a Japanese Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) and other Japanese consultants

and experts. The PM together with the CTA will be responsible for the general management and

monitoring of the project, and reporting on the project performance. UNIDO staff members and

consultants from PTC/ENE/CPN will be relied upon for the project activities. In addition, relevant

PTC Branches could also be roped in for the delivery of the project contents. Short-term experts

may be assigned based on the specific needs identified during the implementation.

The project will contribute 112,500USD of the budget to support the recruitment of HQ based

Japanese national L-2 International Experts. UNIDO JSB funded projects will contribute to the total

budget to support these positions aimed at monitoring project implementation and providing

regular project updates to the Government of Japan.

2. National staff

The Project Management Unit (PMU) will consist of a full time National Project Coordinator (NPC),

a project technical assistant and short-term experts as per required team setup for the effective

project implementation. The PMU will be responsible for the coordination of all the project

activities as described in the proposal. It shall have delegated responsibilities to liaise and

maintain mutual collaboration between UNIDO and project partners towards achieving one goal

as a team. The UNIDO Regional Office in Ethiopia will provide local supervision and coordination

with technical input by UNIDO Headquarter Vienna.

The key role of PMU is as follows:

o Local overall project coordination with stakeholders as per agreed project

document/work plan;

o Coordinating PSC meetings, Training workshops and Missions;

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o Monitoring, Reporting and Evaluation; and

o Best Practices, Awareness and Advocacy, etc.;

The NPC shall be responsible for the day-to-day management of the project, monitoring and

evaluation of project activities as per the project work plan which is to be developed, and

reporting to the UNIDO PM and UNIDO UR in Ethiopia. The NPC shall also continuously seek and

report opportunities for private partner partnership through this project.

3. Training

Specific training for different topics will be prepared and conducted for the target groups. A

training strategy and work plan will be formulated. This will take into consideration the result of

previous surveys and feasibility studies, as well as consultations. Other unforeseen topics that will

be deemed necessary during the inception phase will also be integrated in the program during

implementation.

Project implementation of advocacy, vocational and technical training programs will be

conducted by a group of national and international experts. Furthermore, in order to ensure

sustainability of these training programs and render them practical a Train the Trainer

methodology will be used. This will ensure that the outputs will be multiplied; the language barrier

will be overcome; and peer learning will be facilitated.

4. Equipment and supplies

The necessary equipment for the project implementation will be purchased by the project. All

procurement will be undertaken in full adherence to the UNIDO procurement rules and

regulations.

To achieve the successful local demonstration and deployment of carefully identified water

sanitation technology, UNIDO will secure the appropriate modality of requisition of goods and

services to meet the project’s objective under UNIDO regular rules. UNIDO may invite potential

bidders to present their available technologies either as part of a request for information and

market survey process intended to prepare and refine the terms of reference and technical

specifications of the requirements or as part of the technical evaluation proceedings. In

accordance with the UNIDO procurement rule for Geographical Limitation of Competitive

Bidding22, UNIDO will procure goods and services necessary for the project from Japanese goods

and service providers.

Although the provider of the technology will not be nominated nor pre-selected, preliminary

information on potential national technologies has been collected in coordination with ITPO

22 UNIDO Procurement Manual, July 2013. Programme Support and General Management Division. Chapter 10, Section 10.2.2. https://intranet.unido.org/intranet/images/3/3c/UNIDO_Procurement_Manual_July_2013_%28with_hyperlinks2%29.pdf

32

Tokyo. The equipment must be robust in terms of both treatment technology, as well as energy

supply. The system should not require filter replacements or the use of coagulants, making it

environmentally friendly. Considering the likely remoteness of the location which is yet to be

determined, operation of the equipment should be automated as much as possible. In addition

to the water treatment unit, the proposed project will install auxiliary equipment needed for the

operation of the system.

5. Subcontracts

At this stage it is not yet possible to describe in detail the necessary turnkey interventions that

are both locally appropriate, as well as pivotal for the technology transfer of the water sanitation

system and its related technologies. Commensurate with UNIDO rules and regulations, Terms of

Reference will be prepared and requests for quotations issued as part of competitive

procurement. International procurement will be undertaken following UNIDO financial rules and

regulations as these apply to procurement, with a geographic limitation to Japanese companies

and/or their subsidiaries.

Specialized trainings, installation of equipment and its demonstration, or other activities that

cannot be easily performed by the project staff will be subcontracted.

E. BUDGET

The project follows the results-based management budget structure. In order to be able to respond to

changing conditions and so as to ensure swift implementation, UNIDO may make budgetary adjustments,

not foreseen in the project document, according to its rules and regulations: UNIDO will inform the donor

about changes between budget components. In the case that shifts between outputs greater than 15 per

cent become necessary, UNIDO will submit a revised budget for approval by the donor, showing and

explaining the required changes. Changes between budgetary components are not to affect the total

budget made available for the project. .

The project approved budget for the duration of one year (upon arrival of funds) is USD 1,000,000.

BL Description Total

Outcome: Improved public health of the Ethiopian host community and liberation of women and children from water drawing labor by providing sustainable access to clean and sanitary drinking water

Output 1: Provision of clean water through solar-powered water sanitation system

11 International experts 159,000

17 National experts & admin staff 48,000

21 Subcontracts 609,955

51 Miscellaneous 4,000

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Sub-Total Output 1 820,955

Output 2: Develop technical capacity of the community to independently operate the water sanitation system

21 Subcontracts 29,000

51 Miscellaneous 3,000

Sub-Total Output 2 32,000

Output 3: Capacity building of industry and Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractors to further their role in the water and sanitation agenda of Ethiopia

21 Subcontracts 30,000

51 Miscellaneous 2,000

Sub-Total Output 3 32,000

TOTAL 884,955

Project Support Cost (13%) 115,045

GRAND TOTAL 1,000,000

F. MONIGTORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring, reporting and evaluation of the project will be carried out in accordance with established

UNIDO Technical Cooperation (TC) guidelines and procedures. The overall objective of the monitoring,

reporting and evaluation process is to ensure successful and quality implementation of the program by;

tracking and reviewing the progress and actual accomplishments as the program proceeds, so that the

implementation team can take early corrective action if performance deviates significantly from original

plans, adjust and update the work plan to reflect possible changes on the ground, results achieved and

corrective actions taken; and inform stakeholders of the project process and achievements.

The project manager and project team will be responsible for recording monthly progress on project

activities and the measurement of outcome indicators. At the local level the project activities shall be

monitored and supervised by UNIDO project team.

After six months, a mid-term progress report will provide an assessment of progress for outcomes and

outputs as stated in the Logical Framework, and as measured by the corresponding indicators, based on

sex-disaggregated data. Collection of relevant data will be scheduled well in advance of the reporting

deadlines so that the evaluation of indicators can be based on facts and as much as possible on

independent sources. The conclusions and recommendations of the mid-term review will lead to follow-

up action to be taken and any corrective action necessary.

An independent evaluation of the project in form of a “terminal report” will be implemented at its

conclusion to comprehensively assess the results achieved. The terminal report will include assessments

on efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability, relevance and impact as well as on environmental friendly

approaches and gender sensitivity of the implementation to draw lessons learned. The terminal report

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will be submitted together with a financial report within six months after the project is declared

“financially completed”23.

G. PRIOR OBLIGATIONS AND PREREQUISITES

There are no specific prior obligations or prerequisites that need to be met before project implementation

can start. Most of the open questions with regard to target areas and beneficiaries will be covered during

the inception phase.

Ownership of equipment, materials, supplies and all other property financed from this program shall vest

in UNIDO. Unless otherwise provided in the Project Document, following operational completion of the

Project, ownership of equipment, of materials and supplies, as well as other property necessary for

operation of the Project, shall be transferred to the counterparts.

The final list of equipment will be established prior to the purchase request and will include developments

since the preparation of the project. The Government will be responsible for a quick handling at the

customs.

H. LEGAL CONTEXT

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to apply to the present project,

mutatis mutandis, the provisions of the Standard Basic Assistance Agreement between the United Nations

Development Program and the Government, signed on 26 February 1981 and entered into force on 5

November 1984.

23 The project is “financially completed” after clearing all project commitments and transferring/writing off the project assets.

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ANNEXES

ANNEX 1: Draft TOR of key personnel in the project

Project number: 180206

Post Title: National Project Coordinator

Type of Contract: ISA

Duty Station: Addis Ababa

ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT

The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is the specialized agency of the United

Nations that promotes industrial development for poverty reduction, inclusive globalization and

environmental sustainability. The mandate of UNIDO is to promote and accelerate inclusive and

sustainable industrial development in developing countries and economies in transition.

The Programme Development and Technical Cooperation (PTC) of UNIDO is responsible for providing

technical cooperation services on technological and economic issues.

The responsibility of the Department of Energy (PTC/ENE) is to assist member countries in the transition

to a sustainable energy future under the overarching mandate of inclusive and sustainable industrial

development, through the application of renewable energy for productive uses, adoption of the efficient

use of energy by industry and the introduction of low carbon technologies and processes.

There are three Divisions under the Department of Energy. The Industrial Energy Efficiency Division

(PTC/ENE/IEE) is responsible for promoting the efficient use of energy by industry and the dissemination

of industrial energy efficiency best-available practices and technologies in order to accelerate economic

growth and enhance competitiveness and job creation. The Renewable and Rural Energy Division

(PTC/ENE/RRE) promotes the adoption of renewable energy sources by industry and facilitating access by

the rural poor to affordable and sustainable energy to support productive activities and the income and

employment opportunities they create. The Climate Policy and Networks Division (PTC/ENE/CPN) is

responsible for coordinating integrated policies, global partnerships and global fora in the field of

sustainable energy and climate change as well as promoting programmatic approaches on low carbon

technologies and regional networks.

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DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The incumbent will be placed at the ROE in Addis Ababa under the direct supervision of the UNIDO

Representative in Ethiopia and substantive guidance from Senior Programme Management Expert (PM)

at HQ and the Chief Technical Advisor (CTA).

The incumbent will be responsible for needs identification, strategy development, data collection,

concepts and proposal development as well as day-to-day coordination of all technical inputs and the

implementation at the national level as per the agreed project work plan in accordance with UNIDO

guidelines and procedures. The incumbent will report the project progress directly to the UNIDO-HQ

Senior Programme Manager (PM), the ROE and Chief Technical Advisor on a monthly basis. The

incumbent will also manage local stakeholders for UNIDO energy portfolio and liaise very closely with all

project partners, individuals and organizations involved in the field activities at the national/local level.

Working closely with the PM/CTA and the national counterparts, the incumbent will play a key role in

ensuring that the UNIDO energy portfolio management is made successfully, timely and effectively in

conformity with the UNIDO mandate.

Specifically, the incumbent will have the following key duties performing with the expert knowledge of

energy issues in the country:

MAIN DUTIES Concrete/ measurable Outputs to be achieved

1. Prepare annual work programme and implement the project activities on energy accordingly upon approval by the UNIDO PM at HQ;

Annual work programme developed and approval by PM obtained; project implementation enhanced;

2. Keep good stakeholder relations and organize regular stakeholder consultation meetings, Technical Committee (TC) meetings, workshops, and events;

Awareness on UNIDO energy projects raised; and effective Steering Committee meetings and others conducted;

3. Facilitate missions of project staff related to energy portfolio and assist in data collection, local coordination, relationship building with stakeholders, etc.;

Successful mission of experts/staff facilitated; logistics, data collection, and team building activities undertaken;

4. Continuous monitoring of implementation of project activities and performance to track progress towards milestones;

Effective project implementation monitored and timely delivery of outputs carried out;

5. Prepare progress implementation reports and annual progress reports to HQ for clearance and onward submission to donors;

Monthly progress reports on project implementation as well as annual progress report submitted;

6. Serve as UNIDO Expert in the field of energy and carry out any other duties as may be assigned by UNIDO;

RE and IEE project portfolio of the Regional Office increased;

7. Assist the Regional Office in activities related to renewable energy: advise the Regional Director on energy issues, represent UNIDO in meetings and

Capacity of the UNIDO RO to effectively deal with renewable energy related activities enhanced;

37

workshops related to renewable energy and climate change;

8. Lead project development activities and prepare/draft project document on low carbon technologies for review by Chief Technical Advisor and PM;

Project document drafted; study reports prepared;

9. Initiate administrative processes; liaise with counterparts and focal point of donors including the GEF Focal Point;

Administrative processes identified and initiated; Project request letters sent;

10. Submit high-quality written monthly assignment

Monthly written high quality assignment

REQUIRED COMPETENCIES

Core values: 1. Integrity 2. Professionalism 3. Respect for diversity Core competencies: 1. Results

orientation and accountability 2. Planning and organizing 3. Communication and trust 4. Team

orientation 5. Client orientation 6. Organizational development and innovation

Managerial competencies (as applicable):

1. Strategy and direction

2. Managing people and performance

3. Judgement and decision making

4. Conflict resolution

MINIMUM ORGANISATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Professional Profile

The National Coordinator is a national expert with proven competence in the area of environment and

energy technologies development as well as clean technologies. He/ She shall have demonstrated

experience in the execution and management of energy and greenhouse gases related projects involving

dialogue with different stakeholders and supervision of several teams and activities. The National

Coordinator has good leadership, oral communication and drafting skills, is willing to work individually as

well as part of a team.

Education

Advanced university degree in Engineering (electrical, mechanical, energy, rural or environmental

related) and/or other relevant/related discipline with specialization in energy, climate change

mitigation/adaptation and/or rural development issues.

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Technical and Functional Experience

A minimum of 10 years of experience in technical cooperation in the field of energy, climate

change, and/or rural development in UN agencies/international NGOs/bilateral development

agencies;

Hold a wide range of local networks in energy and development sector;

Demonstrated ability to advise governments on policy recommendations and

project/programme formulation and implementation in the field of low carbon energy systems;

Ability to build consensus and collaboration among strategic, financial and programmatic

partners on integrated or joint programmes;

Experience with government working and research activities, in organization, coordination and

management of international and national workshops;

Familiarity with the United Nations system as well as project management system;

Exposure to the needs, conditions and problems in other East African countries will be an asset.

Required Skills

Result oriented, strong inter-personal/ communication skills, self-motivated and proactive,

culture and gender sensitive, flexibility and adaptive to dynamic working environment, ready to

learn, initiative and ability to work within a team and work under pressure are desired;

Strong computer and information technology skills, including proficiency in the use of MS Office

programs and internet-based management (email, SAP, skype etc.);

Capability to handle sensitive matters and exercise discretion, and ability to take decisions;

Analytical thinking; planning, organizing and problem solving abilities;

Excellent writing and editing skills;

Languages

The National Project Coordinator shall be fully proficient in written and spoken English. Fluency in

Amharic is required.

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ANNEX 2: Site selection criteria

1. Background

Based on call for proposal from the government of Japan, UNIDO has received financial support to

implement the project entitled: “Phase 2: Improving public health by solar-powered water sanitation

systems in Ethiopia”. The project envisages to deployment of an innovative Japanese technology for

surface water treatment for the benefit of off-grid communities.

The, Japan Supplementary Budget (JSB) is a special fund with its own priorities and time frame. JSB has

an implementation time frame of one year and yearly varying criteria and priorities. The current JSB

focuses on internally displaced persons (IDPs). Likewise, UNIDO is a specialized UN agency with own

mandate and priorities.

The implementation of such a project requires the identification of stakeholders’ concerns and key

players. The identification of project site will be based on JSB and UNIDO joint requirements. The

requirement, associated with the water treatment technology, will be considered in tandem with the

baseline information on beneficiary community. Accordingly, mapping of all requirements is needed.

Purpose of this site selection criteria is to help the identification and selection process and justify the

decision of site selection.

2. Site identification and selection requirements

2.1. JSB requirements

In 2018, JSB gave priority for refugees/ internally displaced persons (IDPs). Accordingly, all woreda and

kebles with IDP are potential project sites. In the context of Ethiopia, factors affecting the internal

displacement are categorized as follows:

1) conflict induced;

2) climate induced, and

3) others.

The number of displaced people are 2.6 million, 500,000 and 72,000 respectively.

Internally displaced persons (IDPs), according to the United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal

Displacement, are "persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave

their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of

armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made

disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border.

2.2. UNIDO’s requirement

Currently, UNIDO is operating in three sectors namely agro-food, textile and leather. Furthermore,

UNIDO is also working in cross-cutting areas like energy and environment. Accordingly, UNIDO’s

intervention areas lies in Oromia, Tigray, Amhara and Southern Nation and Nationality Regional States.

SN Regional sates

UNIDO intervention sectors and project areas

Agro-food processing,

Leather and leather products

Textile and apparels Energy

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1. Amhara Bure

2. Oromia bulbula modjo Fenatale

3. SNNPR yirgalem

4. Tigray humera Mekele

Table 1:UNIDO’s intervention areas

2.3. Intersection of UNIDO and JSB requirements

According to the UNIDO and JSB requirements, the four regions Amhara, Oromia , SNNP and Tigray will

be considered as potential regions for JSB 2018 site selection. When interlinking the IDPs with the IAIPs,

zones and words who supply agricultural products to the IAIP and their RTC will be the focal areas of the

site selection process.

As demonstrated on the table below, West Gojam and Awi zone are the supply areas of the Bure IAIP,

Arsi,East showa and west showa zones for Bulbula IAIP, sidama and gedio zones for Yirgalem IAIP and

west Tigray zone for Biker IAIP.

SN Regional sates UNIDO (PCP) intervention areas IDP and returnee locations (nearby zone and woredas

Agro-food processing,

Leather and leather

products

Textile and apparels

5. Amhara Bure West Gojam and Awi zone

6. Oromia bulbula modjo Arsi, East Showa, West Arsi

7. SNNPR yirgalem Sidama , Gedeo

8. Tigray humera Mekele West Tigray

Table 2: Regional states with UNIDO and IDPs

When overlaying the UNIDO (IAIP and RTC) and JSB (IDPs and returnees) a big list of potential sites for

consideration will be identified

2.4. Technological requirements

The proposed technology for the JSB 2018 is powered by solar energy and operates with the slow sand

filtration process. Thus, the technology is capable of filtering water which is not affected or

contaminated by chemical. And it has two options of daily filtration capacity, the first one has 8000 ltrs

and the second one has 3000 ltrs filtration capacity.

To identify the technical compatibility of a site (water volume and parameter) with the technological

requirement, a laboratory test is required. Thus, it is the last action of site selection.

3. Framework for site identification: alignment of standard with technological capacity

The national standard set under GTPII for safe drinking water is, to supply 25ltr/capita/day with in a

reach of 1km. this amount is the sum total of water need at household level for drinking, cooking,

41

washing and cleaning. When the amount of water for drinking is isolated the safe water needed for

cooking and drinking will be 5 liters/capita/day.

SN Slow sand water treatment Technology

Filtration capacity (ltrs/day)

service capacity (individuals) as per GTP II standard (25ltrs)

service capacity (individuals) as per GTP II standard (but for cooking and drinking 5ltrs)

1 Water treatment technology 1 8000 320 1600

2 Water treatment technology 2 3000 120 600

Table 3: Technology output and coverage per individual

According to the assumption demonstrated above, the 8000 ltrs system can serve a maximum of 1600

individuals, if it supplies 5 ltrs/capita/day for the cooking and drinking requirements. But, the service of

the unit will drop to 320 individuals, if the technology serves as per GTPII standard water requirement of

an individual which is 25ltrs/capita/day.

According to the assumption demonstrated above, the 3000 ltrs system can serve a maximum of 600

individuals, if it supplies 5 ltrs/capita/day for the cooking and drinking requirements. But, the service of

the unit will drop to 120 individuals, if the technology serves as per GTPII standard water requirement of

an individual which is 25ltrs/capita/day.

4. Potential site identification rule: list for site assessment

Potential site identification is a process of short listing through alignment of the technology purification

capacity with the number of IDPs and returnee. Accordingly, the 1st rule is to assess all kebles who has

IDPs that matches with the daily output of the purification technology. In addition, to increase the

number of potential sites for assessment, kebles who has plus or minus 20% IDPs will be considered for

site assessment.

5. Conclusion

Following the site identification and short listing process described above, kebles are identified for

further on site assessment. The kebles will be identified for two scenarios. One is according to the GTPII

water standard and the 2nd one is GTP II plan but, scoped for water for drinking and cooking only.

Furthermore, the sites are also categorized for both the 8000ltrs and 3000ltrs technologies.

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6. Annex:

6.1. Regional states with an existing UNIDO intervention

SN Regional sates UNIDO (PCP) intervention areas

Agro-food processing, Leather and leather products

Textile and apparels

9. Afar

10. Amhara Bure

11. Benishangul-Gumuz

12. Gambela

13. Harari

14. Oromia bulbula modjo

15. Somali

16. SNNPR yirgalem

17. Tigray humera Mekele

18. Addis Ababa

19. Dire dawa

6.2. IDPs nearby UNIDO intervention areas (IAIP and RTCS)

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6.3. Proposed water treatment plant

A solar powered water purification Japanese technology which is made to replicate natural purifying

function by combining physical filtration with sands and gravels and biological filtration with algae.

Features:

Slow filtration method Easy operation and maintenance by local community

Experts are not needed for operation and maintenance.

The local community will be able to manage the system autonomously.

Low running cost

No use of coagulants or membrane filters

6.4. JSB 2018 selection criteria for Sub-Saharan Africa countries

Assistance for the countries, including those in the Sahel region, where conflict/terrorism occurs frequently where conflict/terrorism occurs frequently related to the following themes:

o Humanitarian assistance for refugees / IDPs

o Assistance for social stabilization (assistance for education to prevent extremism, vocational training for young people, job creation and promotion of employment, etc.)

o Assistance for measures against terrorism (assistance for border control, investigation and prosecution capacity building, development of legal systems, measures against financing of terrorism)

o Assistance for peace-keeping and peace-building capacity building

(The destabilizing situations in this region, such as conflicts, terrorism and famine are resulting in the increase of IDPs / refugees, and in the flux of refugees to Europe. Addressing these situations are important challenges for the international community. Project formulation responding to the needs of the field, taking into consideration the recent development of situations after April this year, is recommended.)

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6.5. UNIDO intervention areas in Ethiopia

6.5.1. UNIDO/PCP

1. Agro-food processing (Bure, yirgaalem, bulbula, humera)

2. Textile and apparels (Tigray, )

3. Leather and leather products (modjo)

6.5.2. LCET

4. Other than oromia (JSB 2017 is implemented in oromia)

5. Technological compatibility (surface water supply, off-grid, 320 heads as per the GTP II standard,

willingness to pay for the water service, community commitment at the implementation period

(WASH standard ), sustainability

6.6. Internally displaced persons (IDPs),

Internally displaced persons (IDPs), according to the United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal

Displacement, are "persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave

their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of

armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made

disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized state border." This, however, is a

descriptive definition, which does not confer a special legal status because IDPs, being inside their

country, remain entitled to all the rights and guarantees as citizens and other habitual residents of their

country. As such, national authorities have the primary responsibility to prevent forced displacement

and to protect IDPs.