K0473198 051104

UNITED NATIONS

EP UNEP/DPDL/WAVE/1

United Nations Environment Programme

Distr.: General 1 November 2004

Original: English

Global Women’s Assembly on Environment: Women as the Voice for the Environment First meeting Nairobi 11–13 October 2004

Report of the Global Women's Assembly on Environment on the work of its first meeting

Introduction

1. The first Global Women’s Assembly on Environment: Women as the Voice for the Environment (WAVE) was held at the headquarters of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, Kenya, from 11 to 13 October 2004.

I. Opening of the meeting

2. The meeting was opened at 10.15 a.m by Ms. Beverly Miller, Secretary of the Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum and gender focal point, who urged participants to make not just a ripple but to cause a wave in the field of environment. She introduced guest speakers to the podium, including Ms. Wangari Maathai, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 2004, who received a standing ovation.

3. In her opening statement, Ms. Lena Sommestad, Minister for the Environment of Sweden and co-chair of the Network of Women Ministers for the Environment, noted that the inauguration of the Global Women’s Assembly and WAVE was a manifestation of women’s collective power. She thanked Mr. Klaus Töpfer and UNEP staff for their strong support to women and welcomed further collaboration as gender mainstreaming in UNEP gained momentum. Congratulating Ms. Maathai on being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, she noted its acknowledgement of the role of natural resources in a peaceful and democratic world. She emphasized the important links between gender and the environment and, describing the movement in developing countries of unprecedented numbers of young people to cities, she spoke of the challenge of looking after them and the need to empower women towards a better life for all. She stressed that women need not be the same as men but they should share the same rights. The number of women in environmental decision-making institutions, for example, remained unrepresentative and undemocratic, and women worldwide were not able to purchase nor possess land as freely as men. She urged participants to work together in the important task of agreeing on recommendations and project proposals, and preparing a decision for submission to the twenty-third session of the Governing Council of UNEP/Global Ministerial Environment Forum in February 2005.

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4. Ms. Rejoice Mabudafhasi, Deputy Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism of South Africa and co-chair of the Network of Women Ministers for the Environment, congratulated Ms. Wangari Maathai, winner of the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace, on behalf of the women of the world and the Network of Women Ministers of Environment. She saluted Ms. Maathai’s years of struggle and sacrifice for her beliefs, and her commitment to change the world, noting that women joined with the whole of biodiversity in celebrating her achievement.

5. In his opening remarks, Mr. Klaus Töpfer, Executive Director of UNEP, observed with delight that, for the first time in his experience at UNEP, men were in an absolute minority at the current meeting. Stressing the importance of forthcoming meetings, including the twenty-third session of the Governing Council of UNEP/Global Ministerial Environment Forum and the high-level meeting to be held in New York in 2005 as a follow-up to the outcomes of the Millennium Summit, he noted the need to be realistic in assessing the task at hand. 2005 would mark ten years since the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in September 1995, which had focused on the importance of women in the development process. He reiterated the significance of the links between environment, sustainable development and peace, noting that the recent decision to award the Nobel Peace Prize to Ms. Wangari Maathai, clearly recognized those links. He said that the goals contained in the Millennium Declaration could not be attained unless women were fully integrated in the development process, and that lasting peace could not be achieved without environmental sustainability nor poverty overcome.

6. Noting the reference made by the Secretary-General of the United Nations in his report to the General Assembly that, in addressing the root causes of armed conflicts, the United Nations system would need to devote great attention to the threats posed by environmental problems, he described the environmental aspect as a vital component of peace policy for the future. He expressed his satisfaction at the gender mainstreaming under way in UNEP, noting that part of the specific power of women lay in their dedication and consistent activity. He underlined the importance of respect for cultural diversity and spiritual values, the need for dialogue and the auspicious timing of the award of the Nobel Peace Prize in relation to the present meeting.

7. In her keynote address, Ms. Wangari Maathai, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, emphasized her pride and gratitude in the face of the overwhelming global recognition bestowed upon her. Recalling the work of the staff of UNEP and its various executive directors over more than three decades, she said that they had provided fertile ground for the development of ideas and strategies aimed at making the environment a priority for all citizens and Governments, especially in Africa. UNEP had encouraged and supported environmentalists to be brave, persistent and consistent in pursuing a holistic approach to achieving sustainable development. She expressed her gratitude, therefore, to the entire extended family of the United Nations, past and present, and to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Mr. Kofi Annan, underlining the value that the world attached to UNEP as the global centre for environment.

8. She noted that, despite the progress made over the last 20 years, implementation and action had been lacking. She proposed, therefore, that in revisiting the objectives set at the Beijing women’s conference, strategies should be strengthened to ensure that women were not only a voice but also engaged decision makers at all levels. She stressed that, in awarding her the Nobel Peace Prize, the Nobel Committee had recognized all women’s efforts, achievements, persistence and commitment globally toward making the world a better place. By implementing strategies that ensured holistic and sustainable development, and inculcating values of democratic governance, respect for rights and responsibilities, justice and equity, were promoted. She urged participants to celebrate their joint victory and to move forward together – the sky was still the limit.

9. Ms. Anna Tibaijuka, Executive Director of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), offered her hearty congratulations to Ms. Wangari Maathai on being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 2004, saying that the Nobel Committee had recognized the hitherto unheard voice of the African woman as well as the personal courage of the laureate herself. Noting that, while UNEP dealt with the natural environment, the work of UN-Habitat related to the living environment, she stressed the challenge of rapid urbanization and resulting environmental deterioration. The recognition of Ms. Maathai as Nobel Peace Prize Laureate provided hope for the future in dealing with environmental challenges. She congratulated the staff and Executive Director of UNEP for the support they had given to the Green Belt Movement and other groups that were fighting for the environment. In closing, she pledged the continued cooperation of UN-Habitat with the environmental movement and called upon ministers of environment to address the challenges of

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rapid urbanization. She then presented Ms. Maathai with a gift in recognition of her outstanding courage.

10. Ms. Bali Devi presented a special message to the Global Women’s Assembly on behalf of the Chipko women, a women’s movement that had started organizing resistance to the destruction of forests in India some 30 years earlier through the Gandhian method of non-violent resistance. Head of a women’s welfare group in the village of Reni in the Himalayas, where women had always played an important role in social and environmental conservation, Ms. Devi recounted a story of peaceful resistance to tree felling in forests around her village in 1974 and later problems that resulted from those same forests being designated national parks or nature reserves under government control. She emphasized the importance of not dislocating people from their occupations and their culture but rather including the preservation of culture and society in environmental conservation. In parts of India, although women carried out all the agricultural work using traditional knowledge and skills, they were still not recognized independently as farmers, nor did they have land rights. She underlined women’s constant and close communion with nature, and the crucial role of natural resources in their survival. She urged participants to take strength from the stars and from each other, offering a garland of welcome and friendship and a gift to Ms. Maathai.

11. Ms. Lucy Mulenkei, of the Indigenous Information Network in Kenya, welcomed participants to Nairobi and congratulated Ms. Maathai, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, on behalf of indigenous women and local communities. She thanked UNEP, the Women’s Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) and other partners for their support and she underlined the importance of the present meeting in highlighting environmental problems. She stressed the concerns of indigenous women about environmental destruction, which accelerated poverty and led to greater suffering. Cultural diversity and indigenous societies were being lost in tandem with environmental destruction. She expressed the hope that the assembly would elaborate concrete measures and strategies to respond to environmental problems, exchanging experiences to make improve the lives of present and future generations.

12. Ms. Srilatha Batliwala, President of WEDO, told participants that they were living in a time of great possibility and hope, despite the challenges that lay ahead. For the first time in history, forces were demanding popular participation, democracy, transparency and accountability, social and economic justice including gender equality. Peace, inclusiveness, human rights and environmental protection had gained greater power at local and global levels than ever before and the Nobel Committee’s recognition of Ms. Maathai was a symbol of that. Strong movements that espoused those agendas had helped to create new norms and principles for human society and its relationship to the natural world. The spectrum of opposing, possibly more powerful forces included neo-liberalism, terrorism and fundamentalism, with a negative impact for all people and for the United Nations, the world’s only democratic multilateral institution. Those forces had increased poverty and social injustice, reinforced the eye-for-an-eye credo and jeopardized the world’s majority in favour of the social elite. With increasing poverty, poor women’s access to natural resources had shrunk.

13. She outlined the three issues of a broad WEDO framework that aimed to respond to those challenges and to strengthen the environmental movement with special consideration for women. Those included: shifting women’s mindsets and recasting their image from women as victims of environmental and economic changes to women as agents and leaders of environmental sustainability and justice; strongly urging the United Nations to recommit and vigorously partner women and their organizations to ensure that all multilateral agreements and regulatory systems were completed in compliance with existing labour and human rights norms and agreements; and ensuring that economic reforms must exclude from their scope common property and natural resources and this would be assured most effectively if poor women were represented adequately in all economic processes. On behalf of WEDO and the late Ms. Bella Abzug, co-founder of the organization, she presented a gift to Ms. Wangari Maathai, expressing the hope that through joint efforts, they would achieve the goal of colouring the heavens green.

14. Ms. Massoumeh Ebtekar, Vice-President and Head of the Department of Environment, Islamic Republic of Iran, made a presentation of the Iranian national emblem of environment, symbol of strength, persistence and courage, to Ms. Maathai on behalf of all Iranian women. She noted the symbolism of transferring the prize from Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 2003, Iranian human rights activist, Ms. Shirin Ebadi, to Kenyan-born Ms. Maathai.

15. Concluding the opening session, Ms. Miller, reiterating the aims of strengthening women’s voice in environmental decision-making, implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action and the

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goals contained in the Millennium Declaration, and policy issues including on water, human settlements and the environment, formally declared the meeting open.

A. Attendance

16. The meeting was attended by some 150 participants from 65 countries. The list of participants is contained in annex II to the present report.

B. Organization of work

17. It was agreed that six working groups would be formed to concentrate on specific challenges and problem analysis.

18. The working groups focused on:

(a) Enhancing global-local linkages: indigenous and local women’s perspectives on sustainable development;

(b) Global environmental change and gender;

(c) Urban challenges, environment and gender;

(d) Follow-up to the World Summit on Sustainable Development and international environmental agreements: what is in it for women;

(e) Ten-year review of the Beijing Platform for Action, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Millennium Development Goals: ensuring people’s livelihoods;

(f) Capacity-building and education.

19. The WAVE outcome document, including the work of the six groups, is contained in annex I to the present report.

II. Proceedings of the assembly

A. A world in conflict — a world in peace: gender-sensitive policies on sustainable livelihoods

20. Ms. Irene Dankelman introduced Ms. Achieng Abura, who sang a song entitled “From a distance.” The session was facilitated by Ms. Mabudafhasi and the panellists were Ms. M. Ebteker; Ms. Mubararak Sharipova, of Open Asia, Tajikistan, and Ms. Marcela Tovar, WEDO, Colombia.

21. Ms. Ebtekar said that peace was an essential prerequisite for sustainable development and that the current world order had generated considerable insecurity. She noted that a new vision and deeper commitment inspired by clear, ethical principles were needed to change the situation. Making extensive reference to the analytic psychology of Karl Jung, she expressed her view that an elite class had been created in every country and that class controlled the economy, the environment, and society. The individuals that populated the elite classes, she said, had learned to suppress their feminine side and strengthen their masculine side. That had created inner conflicts and imbalances generating, in turn, conflicts and imbalances in the world around them. Women were driven to deny their feminine traits in order to succeed as members of the elite class. Commodification of bodies and physical appearance, along with the sex trade, had been substituted for the suppressed, feminine side of the psyche in female leaders. She concluded that leaders of society in corporate and government spheres needed to have inner integrity and balance to achieve peace.

22. Ms. Sharipova described her research on Tajik women. Based on detailed interviews with 1,000 Tajik women, she found that a high proportion of them suffered from physical, sexual and psychological violence. She noted that, if women were to play an active part in preventing violence, they needed information on the experiences of women in other countries as well as actual experience with democracy. Merely allowing them to vote in a country that had no true democracy would not change the circumstances of women, nor would the presence of substantial social infrastructure or high rates of literacy. She said that there was a need to promote dialogue between civil societies to support and disseminate best practices and that such dialogues might be implemented through women’s networks, such as Women in Europe for a Common Future. Finally, she suggested that

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UNEP should play an active role in demilitarization. She gave the example of Costa Rica where demilitarization freed up resources for investment in environment, which in turn spurred extensive economic development.

23. In her presentation, Ms. Tovar noted that conflict was both a cause and result of the struggle to control natural resources. She said that the drug trade was the primary cause of war in Colombia and that forests and oil were secondary causes. When battles were waged, mostly male combatants forced women to abandon their lands and villages. In addition, aerial fumigation was a main cause of conflict and social displacement because it destroyed legal crops that people depended on for their livelihoods. She noted that micro-economics at a local level forced women to plant drug crops, displacing production of food crops and destroying tropical forests. Because of chronic conflict, women were direct objects of violent actions, were sexually abused, were affected by the destruction of social networks, and suffered military and political attacks as peacemakers and that women’s organizations were direct targets of violent attacks. She said that displacement was both a result and a tactic of war. She recommended the adoption and implementation of a national security policy that respected human rights, especially women’s and children’s rights.

B. Towards a manifesto and action plan on women and the environment

24. Ms. June Zeitlin, Executive Director of WEDO and the facilitator of the session, pointed out that the draft manifesto was far from complete and urged participants to express their own priorities during the upcoming working group deliberations. She asked each working group to produce three recommendations and two action items by the end of the following day. UNEP had asked each working group to designate one person to become part of the manifesto drafting committee. Finally, she emphasized that the working groups should not only discuss the existing projects of various organizations but also develop recommendations to fill gaps.

C. Women’s rights, environment, poverty and health

25. The discussion was facilitated by Ms. Agnes Kalibala, Deputy Permanent Representative of Uganda to UNEP, and members of the panel were Ms. Zo Randriamaro, Madagascar; Ms. Svetlana Slesarenok, executive director of MAMA-86; Ms. Stella Tamang, Nepal; Ms. Sascha Gabizon, director of Women in Europe for a Common Future.

(a) Presentation on environment, gender and globalization: an African perspective

26. In her presentation, Ms. Randriamaro said that the current world situation had been shaped by neo-liberal globalization that had brought about dramatic changes. There was evidence that those changes included increasing poverty and inequality between and within nations along gender, class and racial lines. In Africa, neo-liberal globalization had built on a history of slavery, colonialism and exploitation, with definite gender dimensions. It had perpetuated the process of plundering of African natural resources by Northern interests, and enshrined the process in international law through trade agreements like the World Trade Organization (WTO) trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights agreement. The negative impacts of the plundering were compounded by persistent outflows of financial resources from Africa preventing poverty reduction and economic growth. The economic paradigm underlying the prevailing development model was detrimental to women’s rights and the environment, in particular, and trade liberalization had greatly contributed to land degradation, one of the biggest environmental problems in Africa.

27. Gender equality, justice and environmental sustainability were all inextricably linked and poverty was the greatest threat to the environment, affecting women the most. There was an urgent need to tackle the dominant economic paradigm. Global threats to the environment included impacts of the dominant economic model, international trade, patterns of consumption of countries of the North. Her recommendations were: a systematic analysis of issues at the intersection between global, gender and environment, undertaken with the participation of women in the affected communities; a human rights framework to be used for trade and economic policy-making, including for the environmental impact assessment of WTO agreements, national trade policies, and the conditionalities of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank; WAVE should establish strategic alliances with organizations and networks working on trade and economic justice issues; legally-binding codes of conduct with effective accountability mechanisms should be established for corporate, social and environmental responsibility.

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(b) MAMA-86

28. Ms. Svetlana Slesarenok, executive director of MAMA–86, a non-governmental organization active at local and national levels in the Ukraine, described the situation of her country, where increasing levels of poverty had been experienced after the introduction of neo-liberalization. There had been a widening of the gap between rich and poor, a majority of poor people and small groups of very rich people privatizing factories, mines, plants and trying to privatize common natural resources like forests, gas, lakes and rivers. Official statistics suggested that 27 per cent of the population lived in poverty, on less than $1 per day, but research undertaken with expert scientists indicated that the figure was closer to 49 per cent. Policies of liberalization and privatization had led to increasing levels of poverty and she described that poverty as having a woman’s face.

29. MAMA-86 had been started by a group of young mothers concerned about the impact of the Chernobyl accident and the organization was currently active in 17 cities. She gave examples of their work which included halting a radioactive waste storage project in salt mines, in collaboration with local non-governmental organizations, scientists, and the public; antimilitary activities; identifying sources of clean and dirty water, including an inventory of water wells; shutting down a chemical plant that was the source of environmental pollution; a small-scale technical project for installation of water meters, which had saved consumers up to 80 per cent of their previous water bill; computer health diagnostic services, and a telephone information service called “Eco-telephone”. She recommended halting privatization and liberalization of the public sector, and globalization and consequent destruction of local markets in countries with economies in transition.

(c) South Asia

30. Ms. Tamang from Nepal noted that Tamang was the name of her ethnicity rather than her surname and she had decided to use it because her people had been made to feel ashamed of themselves, seen as ignorant people who could only work as porters. She described the most important concern in her country as food, noting that, in her village the most common greeting was “How are you? Have you eaten?”. She said that gender inequality, environmental deterioration, poor health and poverty were self reinforcing. In South Asia, challenges for women included property rights, the burning of villages during armed conflicts, land and resources being snatched; restrictions on use of local language and rejection of women’s wisdom. In the face of continued male dominance even mainstream women’s movements ignored indigenous women’s issues and concerns. Indigenous women were seeking inclusion in decision-making and policy-making, and the right to access and control land. Armed conflicts in many parts of South Asia had a very negative impact on health services and education, and the military had facilitated occupation of indigenous territories by non-indigenous settlers.

31. Colonization, globalization and discrimination were the main causes of human rights abuses and violations in the region. United Nations bodies and agencies lacked knowledge about indigenous people and those policies and programmes that were implemented lacked effectiveness. The indigenous culture was based on sharing rather than selling and new economic prescriptions were an additional problem for indigenous people. Emphasizing that the richness of biodiversity that existed in the world lay in the land of indigenous peoples, she said that 80 per cent of pharmaceutical companies depended on indigenous healing knowledge and herbal medicines while in Nepal, more than 80 per cent of the population depended on the traditional healing system based on herbal medicines. She underlined the need for international standards for the rights of indigenous people, highlighting the existing Draft Declaration on Indigenous Peoples Rights, and said that ILO Convention 169, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Rights of the Child were all instruments to be used in the protection of indigenous people. She suggested the elaboration of a convention on human responsibilities to help curb human rights violations and recommended the preservation, protection and promotion of good practices of indigenous peoples, including on ecological balance and traditional healing.

(d) Women in Europe for a Common Future

32. Ms. Sascha Gabizon, director of Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF), described the network of 60 member organizations in 30 countries stretching across Western and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, and working for sustainable development, protection of human health and environment and poverty reduction. She said that the network was started in recognition of the responsibilities of northern countries, to show solidarity, to build women’s

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capacity for effective participation in policy-making; and to develop solutions according to women’s visions largely through demonstration projects. She highlighted the increasing poverty and widening gap between poor and rich, particularly Eastern Europe, describing inequalities in poverty in Western Europe and other parts of the world. In the total population, there were relatively more women living in poverty even in the developed countries of Western Europe. Recent studies indicated that women in the poorest social groups had more toxic chemicals in their bodies and that the poor lived in the most polluted areas. Women were, on average, more likely to experience poor environmental quality than men. Women in Western Europe were more likely to have low-income jobs and to be exposed to more hazardous chemicals in those jobs. Some current studies indicated that women had increased risks in those jobs including for breast, ovarian and lymphatic cancer.

33. Describing the situation in Eastern Europe, she noted the rapid increase in poverty and the fact that many States formerly belonging to the Soviet Union were now on the World Bank list of poorest countries in the world, mainly because of liberalization policies and increased prices for all public services; no increase in salaries and long delays in payments. She described some of the projects undertaken by WECF, including identifying sources of water pollution and options for clean water in Romania, for instance, demonstration projects on non-polluting pit latrines, and tackling malnutrition, fuel poverty, and the collapse of public services. She highlighted the fact that, in Eastern Europe, poor people burned waste as fuel, including plastics, which exposed them to toxic dioxins. She said that in order to reduce poverty the following issues must be addressed: land rights for women and the poor; functioning justice systems and legal aid; employment, investment and housing policies. In doing so, strong women’s organizations were very important; as were a functioning democracy, transparency, a trustworthy Government; training and education. In closing, she noted that for the $2,000 it was costing for her to attend the present meeting, four water wells could have been built in Afghanistan. She urged that for every dollar spent in attending conferences and meetings, at least the same amount should be spent on local women’s projects.

2. Discussion

34. Several participants urged that women should work together and take firm stances. They said that women in positions of power had a responsibility to use their voices in international forums and debates. They called for the gender dimension to be considered universally, including in environmental agreements, projects and programmes.

35. One participant, noting that Governments made decisions that affected their citizen’s lives, emphasized the need to work toward better government, for women to participate fully in decision-making, to take part in the political milieu and make their voices heard. Another participant said that women must use their voices in their own homes. She urged women, mothers of sons especially, to teach their children to value both genders, other cultures and the environment.

36. One participant suggested that the strategic plan being developed by UNEP on capacity-building and technology transfer should include the gender dimension and might be used to monitor environmental quality in countries. Many participants talked about the need for action and for implementation, including of different levels of agreements worldwide, and for more involvement of all stakeholders, including women. A number of participants felt that best practices were very subjective and some suggested that they should be defined by indigenous peoples and recipients of the practices. One participant, noting that globalization intended that everyone should conform to the same mould, underlined the importance of cultural authenticity as a tool.

37. One participant urged the assembly to remember that the youth were the hope of the world. She highlighted the situation in her country where mining companies made huge profits and bought land from indigenous people who only spoke their local language and therefore made deals that they did not fully understand. Another participant said that companies often had hidden links to governments and were accorded special privileges at the cost of the poor. A third participant highlighted the fact that many of the investors bringing direct foreign investment to countries of the South were also from the South. She underlined the need for countries of the South to show solidarity and prevent such exploitation by their own countries and she suggested an information network to work on that problem. Another participant agreed that whereas exploitation had previously mainly been by northern countries of southern countries, neo-liberal globalization had no colour.

38. One participant highlighted the responsibility of the business community and called for the draft manifesto of the assembly to call on them and their organizations, especially the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), to ensure that all companies took social responsibility and involve communities they affected, particularly women, in all phases of their

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work, from project design to the final product, including assessing the impact of that work on the environment. Another participant highlighted the need to ensure that the business community applied social responsibility to their work globally rather than in isolated and highly publicized cases. A participant from a developing country questioned whether the type of development seen in developed countries, which controlled and went against the laws of nature, was desirable.

39. One participant observed that migration was being negotiated in trade negotiations with developing countries. The developing countries’ comparative advantage, labour, should be allowed to move freely in the same way that goods from developed countries moved freely. She noted, however, the current situation of so-called brain-drain, which had caused critical shortages of professionals, including medical personnel, in some developing countries. The mid-term and long-term impact of such movements required attention.

40. Other issues highlighted included the part played by natural disasters in poverty; the importance of land and property rights for the poor; the need to build local support systems between women producers and consumers; the importance of the media in creating maximal public awareness; that small actions in daily life could contribute to preserving and promoting the environment.

D. Starting a mentorship programme: a world in need of female leadership

41. The discussion was co-chaired by Ms. Sombi and Ms. Lena Sommestad, Minister for the Environment, Sweden; members of the panel were Ms. Ursula Carrascal Vizarreta, VIDA, Peru; Ms. Afifa Raihana, STEP, Bangladesh; Ms. Ruth Mulenga, UNEP Youth Council, Zambia.

42. Ms. Ursula Carrascal Vizarreta, Ms. Afifa Raihana, and Ms. Ruth Mulenga, all members of the UNEP Youth Council, made a joint presentation on starting a mentorship programme the main objectives of which would be to learn and share experiences among women leaders, to help young women achieve more, and to set up a structure for mentorship across the globe. Mentors were described as any person of any age with a skill while mentees might be any person wanting to learn. There was already non-formal mentorship around the world but there was no specific UNEP activity. Examples of existing mentorship included the young leaders programme, mentoring as part of corporate social responsibility in the United Arab Emirates and time-banking in Canada and the United States of America. Underlining the importance of training for young people, Ms. Carrascal Vizarreta described the situation in her own country and stressed the importance of the United Nations elaborating guidelines for providing support and knowledge to young people. She said that empowerment of women and children would lead to a better world, giving them potential to transfer knowledge, a tool for peace, sustainable development, personal fulfilment and human dignity.

43. Ms. Ruth Mulenga described a waste management pilot project in which she had participated in Zambia, emphasizing that mentorship for learning and sharing of experiences, would be a useful tool for UNEP and for women. She described the drawbacks of the current system, which included that there was no long-term mentorship in place; there were mismatches between mentors and mentees; there was no structure for international mentorship, there was a lack of funds, guidelines, information and organizational commitment. She outlined the demand for life skills based knowledge including topics such as how to write a project proposal; knowledge about earning a livelihood; family planning and health; environmental conservation; and how to earn money by becoming environment-friendly. There was a need for guidelines for mentorship; for a web site with complete information on mentors and mentees; for funds and a clear time frame.

44. One participant highlighted the importance of schooling and education at local, national, regional and global levels. She suggested that UNEP might provide input to the United Nations Decade on Education for Sustainable Development, an important initiative undertaken by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

45. One participant appealed to ministers of environment present to apply continued political pressure for the inclusion of women in decision-making and leadership, and for the establishment of women’s networks, including permanent ones.

46. One participant appealed for the inclusion in mentorship programmes of marginalized and exploited young people, including those who had been trafficked, sold into prostitution or lived as street children. Another participant stressed that mentorship programmes should involve people who were not in formal education, equipping them with skills to improve their lives and livelihoods. Another participant pointed to the need to educate parents in order to reach their children, to support governments to raise awareness and help young people to overcome cultural boundaries, ignorance and discrimination including in societies where girl children were passed over for education in

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favour of boys. A third participant suggested that educating children was the best way to educate their parents.

47. One participant spoke of the challenge of applying layman’s language to mentorship and making the environment a source of work. She called on participants to share experiences of practical successes for replication in other countries and underlined the importance of political transparency and involving all stakeholders.

48. Several participants described mentorship programmes in their countries. One said that mentorship was an ancient concept with a new name that had enabled the continuation of indigenous cultures down through years. Citing the 5,000 years of traditional knowledge in her country, another participant underlined the value of traditional knowledge in the present day.

49. One participant highlighted the United Arab Emirates Dubai leadership programme, a very effective and inexpensive collaboration between the Government and the private sector, which focused on identifying young leaders, and providing mentoring by leaders of industry. The programme also empowered women and resulted in their employment in government institutions as well as the best performing students in schools for scholarships to well-known universities.

50. Another participant highlighted two community mentoring programmes involving lateral learning at the grassroots level: the first was a learning exchange programme in post-earthquake areas of India and Turkey, used to provide information, for example, about housing reconstruction or transforming women’s roles and enhancing their participation in local authorities following the disruption of normal civilian life following an earthquake. The second programme involved slum communities all over the world, in particular, in India and South Africa. Another form of mentorship was e-mentoring on the internet, providing a vibrant diversity of mentors from all over the world.

51. Another participant urged that the mentorship programme should be taken forward as a firm recommendation of the Global Women’s Assembly, suggesting the establishment of a mentoring bank where mentors and mentees could make deposits and withdrawals. Several participants focused on the need for action and suggested dispensing with expensive conferences, sharing experiences on the internet. Other suggestions included capacity-building in negotiating skills for developing countries; mentorship programmes conducted by all environmental networks; that the status of young people and girls should be improved; the youth should be seen as a resource; UNEP should establish a mentorship programme for journalists, thereby developing public participation.

E. Presentation of recommendations by the women ministers for the environment

52. The co-facilitators for the session were Ms. Mabudafhasi and Ms. Sommestad. The session panellists, who were charged with responding to the presentations of the facilitators, were Ms. Jocelyn Dow, Red Thread, Guyana, and Ms. Batliwala.

1. Presentation

53. Ms. Mabudafhasi said that different Governments had already established many policies, but that many of those needed to be implemented. Rather than generating additional policies, she stressed the need to focus on implementation and to prioritize the challenges to implementation. She said that there was a need to raise awareness at all levels about gender equality and the environment. She added that the network should educate male ministers, as well. She further suggested that the Network of Women Ministers for the Environment should strive for more permanency, despite the fact that ministers generally serve for limited periods of time. She emphasized the importance of focusing on issues such as energy, chemicals, safe water and sanitation, and the effect of wars and conflict on the environment. She said that the network should branch out, address issues in sectors including mining and construction, and dispel the perception that women only cared about water supply and sanitation. She further articulated the need for network members to discuss how to communicate their messages, especially to people in remote and rural areas where many households lacked televisions but owned radios that broadcasted in local languages. She expressed the need to evaluate the effectiveness of policies that had been implemented. The recommendations from the present meeting would be taken up by the Governing Council of UNEP at its twenty-third session in February 2005. The Network of Women Ministers for the Environment would ensure that the recommendations were introduced to the forthcoming meetings of the Parties to various conventions. She stressed the need for the women ministers to work with other ministries in their own governments, such as the ministries of housing and energy, for example, because environmental issues cut across sectors. She noted that small-scale projects implemented at the community level

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could raise awareness at higher levels and there was a need to work from local to national level and from national to regional level.

54. Ms. Jocelyn Dow said that organizations such as UNEP were needed to help the network to build capacity and to facilitate the entry of women into meetings of conventions and governments to lobby for implementation of their commitments. She emphasized the importance of taking the experiences of indigenous people into account and of recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples in general and women in particular. She said that the commitment made at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development to increase the number of women in resource management should be actualized. Funding was needed to build capacity so that by 2005, the network could be working projects. Finally, she pointed out that increasing militarism and the loss of women’s access to resources made these matters very urgent.

55. Ms. Batliwala expressed the hope that the network would not become a patronage network, but would include competent, talented women. She noted the need to involve women in developing their own set of measurements to gauge how their lives had changed rather than using indicators developed by technical experts. She stressed the potential of partnerships between civil society and governments in building capacity, because of the complementary strengths of the two sectors. She said that civil society could help to provide training, tools and up-to-date information. She noted that civil society represented a huge and diverse group of experimenters and innovators working at the grassroots level and that governments could use the projects generated in this manner as models to be replicated. She concluded by expressing the hope that a part of any funding dedicated to capacity-building would be directed to civil society.

2. Discussion

56. There was some discussion about how best to ensure the permanency and effectiveness of the network. One participant expressed her concern that, because of the high turnover rate of ministerial posts, at some point there may be few or no active women ministers. She suggested that the network should appeal to Governments to institute gender balance policies that would ensure that, for example, if a man were to be appointed as minister, his deputy would be a woman. She also suggested that the participation of former women ministers, in addition to current women ministers, might maintain the network. Another participant noted the need to keep the network going not only at the global level but also at national and regional levels.

57. One participant pointed out that, in some countries, there were no women ministers and that, in those countries, it was important to network with men as well as women. A third participant said that women in South Asia were ignored when Governments filled ministerial posts. She suggested that the participation of South Asian women in the meetings of the network should be increased.

58. One participant said that it was important for the network to pressurize countries to ratify their international, environmental obligations with a focus on those obligations that were of importance to women. Another participant said that many organizations working in the areas of women’s rights, environment, sustainable development and international law were running into obstacles in implementation and gaps in the form of issues not covered by existing conventions. She emphasized the need to take global commitments and translate them to the local realities of judges, governments, and women impacted on the ground and all the people involved to facilitate the implementation of those commitments.

59. One participant said that peace and demilitarization should be included in issues of environment and women because peace was a prerequisite to environmental protection. She suggested that those issues should be addressed at the forthcoming meeting to review implementation of the outcomes of the Beijing women’s conference.

60. One participant emphasized the importance of the issue of democratic participation and said that women ministers should play a major role in the democratization processes. She further remarked that the political arena was very difficult for women to enter in many developing countries.

61. Ms. Dow stressed the need for women of different generations to act as mentors for each other and said that women must commit themselves to sharing information with each other in a transparent manner.

62. Ms. Batliwala reflected that the participation of young women in the present meeting had demonstrated how multi-stakeholder processes should work. The meeting was attended by women from grassroots organizations, by environmental scientists, policy makers and others. Together those diverse participants had demonstrated the possibility of finding win-win solutions.

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63. Ms. Sommestad expressed her concern about keeping the network alive and said that a key to the network’s survival was for more women to take up government positions. She further noted that the involvement of active women ministers was essential to the success of the network because they provided the network’s power base. She stressed the importance of government ratification of conventions and said that the women ministers were discussing lobbying strategies to accelerate ratification processes. In this endeavour, the ministers of environment needed to recruit advocates from all sectors and regions.

F. Towards a manifesto and action programme

64. Ms. Marie Claire Cordonnier-Segger, Director of the Centre for International Sustainable Development Law, was the facilitator of the session. She requested comments from participants for integration into the manifesto, recommendations and action items by the secretariat. The revised manifesto, recommendations and project ideas are described in the WAVE outcome document contained in annex I to the present report.

III. Closure of the meeting

65. Ms. Miller chaired the closing ceremony. Panellists included Ms. Martha Karua, Minister of Water and Irrigation, Kenya; Ms. Beth Mugo, Assistant Minister of Education, Kenya; Mr. Töpfer; and Mr. Bakary Kante, Director of the Division of Policy Development and Law.

66. Ms. Karua noted that Africa’s economic and social development was heavily dependent on natural resources, making mankind vulnerable to environmental change. Rural populations, which consisted largely of women and children, were especially vulnerable. Water management was dependent on the conservation of forested watersheds and forests in Kenya, for instance, had been wantonly destroyed, a situation that threatened the country’s water resources. Soil erosion, high nutrient loads and runoff from irrigation threatened water quality in Kenya, a situation which she blamed on poor governance. Demand for water in Kenya now exceeded supply and access to clean water and sanitation was low. She noted that women and girls were most affected by this situation as they were responsible for supplying water to their households and because the lack of adequate sanitation in schools was a barrier to educating girls. She mentioned that the Government of Kenya was currently developing a water resources strategy and the input from the present meeting would inform the process of developing that strategy.

67. Ms. Mugo expressed her belief that women would save the continent of Africa and the globe. She underlined the link between poverty alleviation and protection of the environment and stressed the importance of networking between civil society and government.

68. In his closing remarks, Mr. Töpfer said that UNEP would use lessons learned from the participants’ deliberations. He spoke of the need to feminize the planning of structures and cities, a condition that was linked with the rule of law and property rights, unfairly distributed between men and women. He noted that the millennium target for reducing the number of slum dwellers would not be realized without adequate reform of property rights. Women and children suffered from air pollution in cities and from indoor air pollution resulting from burning biomass. He said that water and sanitation were high priorities, noting that the lack of sanitation in a wealthy world was astounding. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women was 25 years old and it was important to bring new life and implementation to that aging convention. He noted that the world was entering the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, but cautioned that progress on sustainable development should not be halted while new leaders were being trained. UNEP was very heavily involved in post-conflict assessment but there was a need to invest more in preventing conflicts generated by poor management of resources. In conclusion, he said that quality of life was dependent not only on the economic health of societies but also on the stability of families and neighbourhoods and the role of women in maintaining that stability.

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Annex I

UNEP Global Women’s Assembly on Environment: Women as the Voice for the Environment (WAVE), Nairobi, 11–13 October 2004

Manifesto

We, women from all regions of the world, met in Nairobi from 11 to 13 October 2004 at the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Global Women’s Assembly on Environment: Women as the Voice for the Environment (WAVE). The Women’s Assembly undertook a joint assessment of commitments made by Governments, the international community and major groups since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992). The Women’s Assembly stresses the importance of the ten-year review of the Beijing Platform for Action (1995), the five-year review of the Millennium Development Goals and the opportunities presented by regional development frameworks, such as the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). Many of the effects of globalization, militarization, poverty, poorly planned urbanization, global environmental degradation and the market-driven economic model have undermined the achievement of those agreed goals.

We call for urgent action from all stakeholders, in particular, the United Nations system, to achieve sustainable development, which requires harmony between economic policies, human rights, gender equality and environmental conservation and management.

It is our vision that, through our global partnership with its vital diversity, we will use and promote non-violent approaches, eliminate destructive practices and build a sustainable, just and valuable life for all present and future generations.

We, women, assembled in Nairobi, recommit ourselves:

(a) To continue the struggle for a peaceful, just and healthy planet for all, as set out in the 1992 and 2002 women’s action agendas, in a spirit of full cooperation and global solidarity;

(b) To continue to work, develop and support activities that contribute to gender justice, a cleaner, safer environment and a better life for our communities through our advocacy, campaigning, research, education, implementation and lessons learned from one another;

(c) To the full advancement of the rights of indigenous women, local and traditional communities, and ethnic minorities, in recognition of the cultural diversity of people.

We recognize the deep connections between peace, poverty eradication, the full enjoyment of human rights for all, and a healthy environment.

We remain critical and responsible consumers and producers, and shall hold other stakeholders accountable for the promotion of sustainable production and consumption patterns.

As leaders and agents of change, we will continue to advocate for the full implementation of women’s human rights, existing and new legislation, and policy and resource commitments, and shall continue its assessment and monitoring.

We are deeply concerned about:

(a) The massive and continuing degradation and pollution of our environment, with its far-reaching effects on the livelihoods of our communities, particularly of indigenous women and women living in poverty;

(b) The failure to implement more than 30 years of global environmental and social commitments;

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(c) The ever-widening gap between rich and poor at global, national and local levels;

(d) The unsustainable levels of production and consumption, which contribute to that gap;

(e) The culture of aggression, fear and threat, with its many conflicts and increasing levels of violence, oppression and militarization;

(f) The widespread violation of women’s human rights, including their access to and ownership of essential resources, such as clean sustainable energy, water, land and biodiversity, and the increasing threat to defenders of women’s human and environmental rights, and the criminalization of active dissent;

(g) The lack of gender equality and women’s empowerment in environment and sustainable development, and the lack of gender-disaggregated analyses, data and information;

(h) The inadequate participation by women in environment and sustainable development decision-making, and the marginalization of women from governance of environmental resources;

(i) The negative impact of global forces, such as unchecked economic globalization and privatization, on environmental and human rights promotion and protection;

(j) The increasing marginalization and loss of cultural diversity and traditional values, and indigenous languages;

(k) The relentless appropriation of indigenous knowledge by outside actors, including researchers, multinational companies and Governments, and the persistent denial of the rights of indigenous peoples, especially indigenous women’s rights.

We urge UNEP and other international, regional and national organizations that deal with environment and sustainable development:

(a) To promote gender equality, including affirmative action, and to integrate a gender perspective and empower women throughout its organization, its programme of work, operational activities and budget-lines, by providing high-level and systematic support, adequate resources and capacity;

(b) To implement and popularize existing and future UNEP Governing Council decisions on gender and environment, and make gender and environment a central theme of future global and regional environmental forums and institutions;

(c) To report on a regular basis on the progress of UNEP and challenges in the field of gender equality and the environment;

(d) To incorporate into its mandate, issues linking cultural diversity, the environment and sustainable development, and the development of mechanisms for addressing indigenous women’s concerns and their practical and strategic needs within sustainable development processes;

(e) To develop methods to value and demonstrate poor urban and rural women’s knowledge and experiences, partner with poor women’s organizations in sustaining the environment and strengthen their capacity;

(f) To play an active role in the ten-year review of the Beijing Platform for Action, in the five-year review of implementation of the Millennium Development Goals and in the gender sensitive implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of multilateral environmental agreements;

(h) To work towards the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and other relevant human rights instruments, in cooperation with other United Nations agencies, national Governments and civil society;

(i) Development of Small Island Developing States which recognizes the importance of gender issues and identifies mechanisms in order to strengthen the resilience of women to redress the economic, social and ecological vulnerabilities faced by small island developing states;

((j) To accord WAVE a prominent position in UNEP, and host a biannual WAVE assembly;

(j) To take appropriate action to implement the recommendations and execute the project ideas developed by WAVE in 2004, and to initiate, promote and support concrete projects between women and their organizations from different parts of the world.

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We call upon all concerned to step up action. In order to achieve sustainable development and gender equality, strong alliances and systematic communication are needed across the world. Together, as agents of change, bound together by our commitment to justice, equality and peace, we can sustain our environment and our common future.

Nairobi, 13 October 2004

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I. Recommendations

Assembled in Nairobi, from 11 to 13 October 2004, at the UNEP Global Women’s Assembly on Environment: Women as the Voice for the Environment (WAVE), many organizations, grass-roots activists, professionals and academics, in a spirit of global and local partnership based on their strong concerns and continued commitment, worked together in cooperation to develop recommendations for UNEP, the world’s ministers for the environment, and other environment and sustainable development institutions.

In order to be implemented meaningfully, the recommendations require adequate, substantial resources, and UNEP should report on their implementation. The recommendations should be undertaken in a spirit of cooperation with women’s organizations, indigenous peoples, local communities, youths and other relevant stakeholders, within and outside the United Nations system.

We call for urgent action to implement the following recommendations:

A. A world in conflict – a world in peace

(a) Conceptual and empirical gaps in the interlinkages between conflict (including conflict

resolution), militarization, gender relations and the environment, should be bridged, and the gender dimensions of environmental change resulting from war and conflict, in the short, medium and long term, and on different scales and scopes, should be made visible and addressed. Specific attention is also needed to address the effects on women and their livelihoods of economic blockades and sanctions.

(b) Analyses should be carried out to learn from recent disaster and vulnerability literature and experience, taking into account the importance of participatory development and gender mainstreaming in post-conflict and recovery situations, and looking at the manner in which women both contribute to and benefit from post-conflict and recovery initiatives. Lessons should be learned from the post-conflict assessment work of UNEP. Adequate resources should be provided for this research and analysis, and it should be widely disseminated.

(c) Women in conflict and post-conflict situations which are subject to environmental degradation should have improved access to primary resources and ways to meet their basic needs (including water, fuel, shelter), reproductive health services, and advances in appropriate environmental science and technology.

(d) Special support is needed for women living in conflict and post-conflict areas and greatly suffering from environmental degradation, for example women in Afghanistan, Colombia, Iraq, Liberia, the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Sudan and Tajikistan.

(e) UNEP should become an active member of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Women, Peace and Security.

B. Women’s rights, environment, poverty and health

(a) The precautionary approach, as enshrined in Rio Principle 15, should be applied to prevent negative effects on women’s health by pollutants and toxins. The substitution principle should be applied to the manufacture and use of toxic substances. Chemical substances contained in products should be fully listed, and complete information on the health risks of pollutants should be publicly disseminated. Norms and standards for use of and exposure to hazardous chemicals should take into account the specific vulnerability of women.

(b) To restore ecological balances, there should be concerted efforts to increase biomass production sustainably, in order to prevent impoverishment, to limit women’s burden of work, and improve the health of women’s populations and communities. Specific efforts should be taken to redress the negative impacts of economic globalization, particularly on women’s access to essential natural resources and their livelihoods.

(c) UNEP should work with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and other relevant United Nations agencies to ensure that special mandates, including the thematic social rapporteurs on the highest attainable standards of physical and mental

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health, the right to food, the human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous peoples, and others, receive training and technical assistance on the intersections between environment, women’s rights, health and sustainable development.

(d) UNEP, in cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other United Nations agencies, and in close cooperation with women’s organizations, should assess the health effects and gender aspects of waste incineration, in particular plastic waste burning in home and yard.

(e) The networks of Women Ministers for the Environment and Women Ministers of Health should establish close cooperation and substantive linkages between their activities.

C. Capacity-building and education: a world in need of women’s

leadership

(a) Formal and non-formal educational curricula should be reviewed and revised and guidelines developed, at all levels, to promote gender equality values and practices, critical thinking, analytical and life skills, understanding of sustainable development, and capacity to act for personal, community and social change. National committees should be constituted, drawing a minimum of 50 per cent of their members from women’s organizations and networks, to undertake this task. Educational systems must incorporate traditional, indigenous and alternative values and knowledge, best practices and inculcate respect for other paradigms and knowledge bearers.

(b) New capacity-building tools and resource materials should be developed by and for women. Resources must be made available to strengthen women’s capacity-building initiatives, including education and training, and their infrastructure, including sanitation and transport. Those programmes are currently handicapped by grossly inadequate resources. Safety and security in education and capacity-building, particularly of women and girls, should be ensured. This should be achieved by committing and re-allocating at least 5 per cent of national budgets to education, of which 50 per cent should be designated for women’s education. Capacity-building is needed to improve methods for the design and realization of adequate education budgets.

(c) The quality and delivery of basic education should be improved by using an integrated and intersectoral approach, based on intensified partnerships and coordination, in order to better tackle the many complex barriers to education for sustainable and equitable development.

(d) Mentorship programmes should be designed and implemented to facilitate multisectoral approaches to knowledge and skills. Fast-tracking initiatives should also be implemented to accelerate women’s empowerment and leadership, and gender equality, to achieve past commitments on education, and to eliminate gender disparities.

(e) Environmental studies curricula should be introduced, strengthened and reformed where necessary, to include gender equality issues. To that end, model curricula should be developed. Environmental and sustainable development education should be undertaken across science, social sciences and professional disciplines (law, medicine, accounting, engineering), promoting cultural respect and non-violent attitudes, practical skills and multidisciplinary problem solving.

(f) New information and communication technologies should be made available and accessible to all within the context of gender equality and environmental protection. Mainstream and alternative media should be supported to empower women and enhance environmental protection and gender equality.

D. Enhancing global-local linkages: indigenous and local women’s

perspectives on sustainable development

(a) Indigenous peoples’ rights must be recognized at the local, national and global levels. UNEP, with the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples, should develop guidelines for the participation of indigenous peoples, particularly indigenous women, in environmental policy development and implementation.

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(b) Concrete, accessible mechanisms must be developed to ensure recognition and realization of the collective ownership of traditional and indigenous knowledge, innovations, practices and products, and natural resources, and to protect the intellectual property rights of indigenous peoples.

(c) Women’s political empowerment, leadership and capacity building, and information dissemination among indigenous women, should be guaranteed, in order to enable their effective participation in the decision-making process related to the environment and sustainable development at all levels.

(d) UNEP should endorse the outcomes of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and take action on the specific recommendations made to all United Nations agencies and Governments. Those included that UNEP should “integrate human rights, including reproductive health rights, and special concerns and needs of indigenous women into their programmes and policies, and to report regularly to the Forum. The reports should contain detailed information on the strategies and policy assessments at the regional and national levels and on the progress made within existing programmes directed at and relating to indigenous women, as well as policy assessments and recommendations concerning the issue of indigenous women.”1 UNEP should put specific emphasis on empowering indigenous women in its environment-related work.

E. Global environmental change and gender

(a) UNEP and other United Nations agencies should support the development and dissemination of information on energy and climate change issues that reflects the concerns and perspectives of diverse women from all levels of society, using the media and other relevant dissemination channels and networks. Capacity-building for women in this area requires equal access to education, training, and technology in developing countries, and more female and male professionals who are gender sensitive in developing and developed countries.

(b) UNEP should support and facilitate effective North-South project partnerships to develop robust new scientific and legal research and data analysis on climate change and energy, specifically addressing its implications and impacts from a gender equality perspective. Furthermore all research done in the field of climate change should integrate a gender perspective.

(c) A gender analysis of all budget lines and instruments regarding climate change must be undertaken, and a special budget line should be set up to fund women’s projects on climate change (and other forms of environmental change). Women’s organizations should be supported to network, organize meetings and strategize to participate actively in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change negotiations and initiatives.

(d) Gender sensitive criteria and indicators should be developed and implemented in the Kyoto Protocol mechanisms, especially the project evaluation process that is used in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Prototype Carbon Fund and other climate change financing mechanisms.

(e) Clean development mechanism funding should be based on gender sensitive criteria. WWF gold standards and other practices must be reviewed and strengthened from a gender perspective, and must be binding for all clean development mechanism projects. A monitoring system has to be installed to evaluate the implementation.

(f) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, its bodies and its partners should establish an award for women working on climate change issues.

G. Urban challenges, environment and gender

(a) UNEP and UN-Habitat, together with other United Nations agencies, should cooperate in building capacities of local authorities and communities, especially (poor urban) women’s organizations, in the field of integrated water resource management (including water demand and water harvesting), waste, sanitation and eco-sanitation, housing and household energy utilization.

1 E/2004/43.E/C.19/2004/23, para. 5

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(b) UNEP should generate and disseminate information and gender-disaggregated data on chemicals and pollutants, specifically those found in urban areas (such as DDT, dioxins, PVC, PCB, NPE, chlordane, Bisphenol A). UNEP should work with other agencies and experts, including women’s groups, to provide a gender analysis of the implications of those chemicals and pollutants on women, men, girls and boys.

(c) UNEP should provide gender equality analysis for ecosystem planning and management processes. In collaboration with UN-Habitat, UNEP should incorporate that information into sustainable urban management processes, encouraging, in particular, the involvement of women and women’s groups in common property resources such as wetlands, forests, grasslands and surrounding urban areas.

(d) UNEP, in collaboration with UN-Habitat, should allocate funds for poor urban women’s groups to implement their projects on water, sanitation, eco-sanitation and ecosystem management for poverty alleviation, within the programmes of Water for African Cities, Water for Asian Cities, and the Water and Sanitation Trust Fund.

H. Implementation of World Summit on Sustainable Development commitments and multilateral environmental agreements and their regimes from a gender equality perspective

(a) At its sessions, the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development should take into account the concerns and issues of women as a major group, ensuring the implementation of existing commitments. Gender equality should be addressed in all the commission’s activities, based on gender-disaggregated data. Mechanisms should be established to ensure that women of all levels are involved as resource persons and experts in the panels of the commission, and in the work of international sustainable development treaties and their respective scientific and advisory bodies. Such participation mechanisms should be facilitated by the commission and other intergovernmental processes, and should be strengthened to become more transparent, accessible and popularized at all levels.

(b) UNEP and other international agencies, in cooperation with civil society organizations, local communities and academia, should promote a gender equality and environmental perspective in all multilateral environmental agreements, and in all trade, finance and social legal instruments. Conferences of the Parties should monitor, report and evaluate the involvement of women and integration of gender perspectives in the work of their respective conventions. Convention secretariats should learn lessons from existing experiences. For example, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa, has learned many lessons from the inclusion of gender issues in the provisions of the treaty and in the decisions of its Conference of Parties, in its implementation and monitoring mechanisms, such as national and regional action plans, and in its measures for involving major groups.

(c) UNEP should support the human right to water as adopted in General Comment 15 of the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and facilitate the realization of this right throughout the United Nations system. Gender equality should be mainstreamed into all water resource management, sanitation and water management policies, programmes and projects. Renewed efforts should be made to ensure adequate and safe public eco-sanitation for women and girls, and to secure women’s rights to land and water. Experiences in those areas should be monitored and documented for submission to the thirteenth session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, and other relevant forums.

(d) Partnerships, based on the guidelines produced by the Commission on Sustainable Development at its eleventh session, should be supported between Ministers for the Environment and major groups, through the establishment of concrete and accessible national and international mechanisms for the implementation and monitoring of international and national environmental law instruments, and sustainable development law instruments. All institutions should work to ensure that those instruments and respective multilateral environmental agreements related to gender and the environment, and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, are popularized in all countries.

(e) Governments, international institutions and civil society should cooperate to develop and implement binding international instruments to ensure corporate social and environmental accountability.

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I. Beijing Platform of Action 10-year review, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and Millennium Development Goals

(a) UNEP should link with other United Nations agencies focusing on the realization of the Millennium Development Goal 7 on environmental sustainability, and should ensure that a gender analysis and gender-disaggregated data are used in country reporting on achieving poor women’s access to clean water and safe sanitation.

(b) UNEP should urge Governments to implement and domesticate all relevant international treaties in the fields of human rights, sustainable development and the environment, to halt further depletion of natural resources, ecosystems and biodiversity, to protect those resources, and to ensure environmental health.

(c) UNEP should provide technical assistance and training to United Nations treaty bodies, in particular the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, to enable their experts to understand the impacts and implications of environmental change on women’s human rights, and this knowledge should be integrated into country reports of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. The provisions of the Convention and its Optional Protocol should also be applied to UNEP policies, programmes and initiatives.

(d) UNEP should urge Governments to develop, in collaboration with civil society organizations, especially women’s groups and others with expertise in this area, gender sensitive sustainable development indicators that exceed those contained in the Millennium Development Goals to ensure environmental sustainability and gender equality, taking into account the work of the United Nations Development Fund for Women in this respect.

(e) Given the importance of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and its Optional Protocol, and other human rights and social instruments, the important linkages between those instruments and multilateral environmental agreements and economic instruments, must be identified and addressed. That analysis, which is urgently needed, should take into account the Secretary-General’s report on civil society and other relevant past documents on those issues. The Convention on All Forms of Discrimination Against Women must also undertake to analyse, take into account and address the linkage between gender and environmental issues.

(f) UNEP should collaborate with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to promote a culture of peace and non-violence, especially from a gender equality and environment perspective. Those elements should also be part of the activities under the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. All partners should raise awareness on best practices to convert military expenditures to sustainable development expenditures. In that respect, the experience of Costa Rica provides an important example.

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II. Project ideas

Participants at the WAVE assembly developed the following ideas for implementation by UNEP, in cooperation with other actors and in partnership with women’s organizations. UNEP should continue to strengthen the empowerment of women as a major group in the policy development and implementation of UNEP and the work of its Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum. Proposed and future WAVE projects require predictable and substantive resources, both in terms of funding and human capacity.

A. A world in conflict – a world in peace

1. Two pilot projects in post-conflict areas with women’s groups on gender sensitive environmental strategies for recovery. Women should be involved in planning, designing and documenting their experiences.

2. An international study to examine the conceptual, empirical and practical linkages between conflict (prevention, management and resolution), militarization, gender relations and environment, including research, data collection, analysis and case studies. The study should be linked to the post-conflict assessment work of UNEP, and should be presented at an international conference on women, environment, conflicts and militarization.

3. A background paper developed by UNEP, major groups and OHCHR on the viability and desirability of an international convention on water and the appointment of a special rapporteur on water to the Commission on Human Rights.

B. Women’s rights, environment, poverty and health

1. A UNEP and WHO project with national ministries of environment, health and education to monitor the gender-differentiated health effects of toxic substances and environmental pollution on local women, particularly on those living in poverty, through the Health and Environment Linkages Initiative.

2. A project, in partnership with other organizations, such as the International Labour Organization, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the Global Environment Facility, the Global Resource Information Database-Arendal, and local women’s groups, on the restoration of ecological balance and sustainable increase in biomass production, and monitoring the effects on local women and girls with regard to their health, income and workload.

3. A pilot project, in liaison with other United Nations agencies and local groups, on women and health in an area where women exclusively use natural products and indigenous knowledge. The project should mainstream gender at all levels and monitor health and environment indicators throughout the project.

C. Global-local linkages: indigenous and local women’s perspectives on sustainable development

1. A project to integrate environmental dimensions in the Convention on the Elimination of All

Forms of Discrimination against Women, taking into account women’s social diversity and conflict and post-conflict situations that women face in developing countries. The project could be undertaken in collaboration with the UNEP post-conflict assessment unit in Geneva.

2. The project could prepare a general recommendation issued by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, which could guide state Parties as they strive to implement the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women with an environmental perspective.

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3. The project will enable UNEP to provide training and technical assistance on environmental issues to the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, and to support research on the prevalence of environmental issues in country reports submitted to the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women.

4. A policy and research project which highlights the extent to which indigenous and local women depend on the natural environment in rural areas and how environmental degradation contributes to women’s impoverishment in all fields (social, cultural, political and economic). The project could assess the role of cultural diversity in allowing or preventing access to, control and sustainable use of natural resources by indigenous women.

D. Global environmental change and gender

1. A global study by UNEP, in cooperation with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, on the gender-differentiated impacts of global climate change and related global environment trends and environmental disasters, including a focus on women’s capabilities to cope with climate change mitigation and adaptation and the establishment of an international working group to work on those issues. Particular attention should be paid to the situation of small island developing states.

2. A carbon sinks project (capacity-building and on the ground) between northern and southern women’s organizations. The project could include capacity-building and local implementation under the Community Development Carbon Fund of the World Bank.

3. Development and use of communications packages (such as briefing and information kits targeted towards women, to be translated into local languages) on energy and global environmental change. The packages, on indoor air pollution for example, should capture the experiences of women, be understandable to diverse women, and be translated into local languages.

4. Establishment of a fund for sustainable transport, using innovative financing mechanisms. For example, funding could be generated from the miles used by women to attend United Nations conferences, or by each of the women donating $1, or through micro-financing.

E. Urban challenges, environment and gender

1. A two-phase urban environment and gender project:

(a) An awareness-raising campaign, including use of the media, on solid and liquid waste in which poor urban women’s organizations and local authorities work together. The campaign should promote cooperation between local authorities and poor urban women organizations. UNEP could coordinate the project, in partnership with the UN-Habitat Global Campaign on Urban Governance and the Coalition for Sustainable Urbanization;

(b) A sustainable solid waste disposal system in four middle-sized pilot cities in Central Asia and Eastern Europe, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and an OECD country, designed and implemented by women’s groups, from which poor women benefit directly. UNEP could coordinate the project in partnership with the UN-Habitat urban governance campaign.

2. Development of a targeted programme in constructed wetlands to curb pollution and contamination of ground and surface water as a result of human and solid waste, and to curb the use of agricultural chemicals. The programme should target the private sector, in particular.

3. A partnership in which UNEP and UN-Habitat work with slum dwellers youth organisations, such as the Mathare Youth Sports Association in Nairobi, Kenya, on pilot projects that focus on restoring the dignity of the growing number of slum dwellers. The pilot project could start in the Mathare slum in Nairobi.

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F. Implementation of World Summit on Sustainable Development commitments and multilateral environmental agreements and their regimes from a gender equality perspective

1. A project to build and strengthen capacity for strategic assessment of gender impacts

and implications of multilateral environmental agreements and other economic and social instruments.

2. Reports and background developed from a gender perspective, on environment-related issues of importance to women. Special attention should be given to public-private partnerships related to water.

3. Support for the new project between research institutes and women experts from around the world to jointly develop and publish a book on sustainable development, gender and international law, to popularize the book and make it accessible for women at the community level, and to ensure that those issues become part of the curricula of universities, law faculties and legal training programmes.

G. Ten-year review of the Beijing Platform for Action, Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and Millennium Development Goals: ensuring people’s livelihoods

1. Presentation of the outcomes of the WAVE assembly to the ten-year review of the

Beijing Platform for Action and a high-level meeting by UNEP at that review, the thirteenth session of the Commission on Sustainable Development and the five-year review of the Millennium Development Goals, to discuss the state of women and the environment ten years after the adoption of the Beijing Platform for Action.

2. Case studies on women, conflicts and wars, militarization and environment, with women’s groups at all levels (global, regional, national and local) to document the impact of conflicts and militarization on women and the environment; similarly the development of case studies on the impact of water privatization.

3. Training by UNEP for all the members of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and other treaty bodies, in order to promote women’s human rights in relationship to environment.

H. Capacity-building and education

1. Development of tools for capacity-building for women on environment and sustainable development, and fast tracking initiatives to accelerate gender equality, including the achievement of commitments on education and the elimination of existing gender disparities.

2. Mentorship programmes to facilitate multisectoral approaches to knowledge and skills on gender and environment. This could be undertaken through the establishment of a databank on mentors and mentees, and sharing of experiences.

3. A compilation of good practices to review and revise formal and non-formal education curricula, including non-violence education curricula, from the earliest stages to tertiary levels, to promote and inculcate gender equality values, practices and knowledge.

4. A capacity-building project to develop tools and skills for costing of education, as a basic capacity-building exercise to design and resource adequate education budgets.

5. The development of model curricula on women and environment for all levels of basic education.

6. A project on capacity-building and public awareness, including the use of and working in partnership with the media to achieve gender equality and environmental objectives.

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Annex II List of participants

Angola Ms. Vicente Muanda First Secretary Angolan Embassy P.O. Box 20793 Dar es Salaam United Republic of Tanzania Tel: (+255 22) 211 7476 Fax: (+255 22) 213 2349 Email: muandavicente@hotmail.com Argentina Ms. Maria Leichner Reynal President Fundacion Ecos La Rioja 572 - 8C W3400 Corrientes Argentina Tel: (+54 3783) 435 298 Email: maria.leichner@fundacion-ecos.org Bangladesh Ms. Afifa Raihana STEP H#98, R#25, Block A Postcode 1213, Banani Dhaka Bangladesh Tel: (+880 2) 885 8437 Email: step@agni.com Bolivia Ms. Maria E. Choque Quispe Centro de Estudios Muldisciplinarios Aymara Final Rosendo Villalobos No.1898 La Paz 7979 Bolivia Tel: (+591 12) 224 1100 Fax: (+591 12) 222 3766 Email: maeucho@entelnet.bo / choquel17@hotmail.com Bulgaria Ms. Victoria Slaveikova Ministry of Environment 67 W. Gladstone Str. Sofia 1000 Bulgaria Tel: (+359 2) 940 6222 Fax: (+259 2) 986 2533 Email: slavv@moew.government.bg / viki7@abv.bg

Burundi Ms. Nicayenzi Liberate United Organization of the Promotion of the Batwa Burundi - UNIPROBA P.O. Box 5207 Mutanga-1 Bujumbura Burundi Tel: (+257) 925 648 Fax: (+257) 212 325 Email: uniproba@yahoo.fr / liberateni@yahoo.fr Canada Ms. Marie-Claire Cordonnier Segger Centre for International Sustainable Development Law 3661 Peel Street, McGill Law Faculty, Montreal, Canada H3A 1X1 Canada or Oxford Law Faculty Exeter College, Turl St. Oxford OX1 3DP, UK Tel: (+44) 7775 904 982 Email: mcsegger@cisdl.org marie.cordoniersegger@law.oxford.ac.uk Ms. Prabha Khosla Women and Environments Magazine IWSGS, New College 40 Willcocks Street Toronto, M5S 1C6 Ontario Canada Email: prabha@idirect.com Ms. Joni Seager Dean, Environmental Studies York University 2700 Keele St. Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada Email: jseager@yorku.ca China Ms. Sheri Xiaoyi Liao Global Village of Beijing a5-16-103, No. 86 Bei Yuan Road Jiaming Garden Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China Tel: (+86 10) 8485 9679/8485 9669-12 Fax: (+86 10) 8485 9679 Email: office@gvbchina.org.cn / sheriliao@yahoo.com

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Colombia Ms. Marcela Tovar Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) 355 Lexington Avenue New York NY 10017-6603 United States of America Tel: (+1 212) 973 0325 Fax: (+1 212) 973 0335 Email: marcela@wedo.org Côte d’Ivoire Ms. Fatou Ndeye Ndoye Network for Environment and Sustainable Development in Africa (NESDA) 24 BP 95 Guichet Annexe BAD Abidjan 24 Côte d'Ivoire Tel: (+225) 2020 5831 Fax: (+225) 2020 5922 Email: f.ndoye@afdb.org Ms. Minata Zie Kone Director Ministere de I'Environnement Cite Administrative Tour D10 étage Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire Fax: (+225 20) 222 050 Croatia Ms. Sanja Sarnavka B.a.B.e. Women's Human Rights Group Vlaska 79/III 10 000 Zagreb Croatia Tel: (+385 1) 461 1686 Fax: (+385 1) 461 1686 Email: baba@zamir.net / sanja.sarnavka@inet.hr Cuba Ms. Gisela Alonso Dominiguez President, Environment Agency Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Calle 20 esq. a 18-A, Mramar, Playa, CP. 11300 C. Habana Cuba Tel: (+537) 202 8242/202 1071 Fax: (+537) 204 0852 Email: ama@ama.cu / gisel@ama.cu Ms. Liliana Nunez Velis Vice President Fundacion Antonio Nunez Jimenez Calle 7 No. 6611 entre 66 y 70 Miramar Playa 11600 La Habana Cuba Tel: (+53 7) 204 2985 Email: liliana@fanj.cult.cu

Democratic Republic of the Congo Ms. Mapili Foibe Action D'appui pour la Protection des Droit des Minorite en Afrique Central (AAPDMAC) B.P. 2393 Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Tel: (+250) 844 7180/(+243) 9773 9642/9770 6362 Fax: (+250) 538 334 Email: sinamake@yahoo.fr / foibe04@yahoo.fr/ouapdmac@yahoo.fr Ms. Mikila Colette Programme d'Intergrate et de Developpement du Peuple Pygimie du Kivu (PIDP-KIVU) P.O. Box 1098 Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Tel: (+243) 813 182 014/9772 1521 Fax: (+250) 538 244 Email: colettewamikila@yahoo.fr / pidkivu@yahoo.fr Ms. Doris Mpoumou c/o WEDO Governance Programme 355 Lexington Avenue Nw York, NY 10017-6603 United States of America Email: doris@wedo.org Denmark Ms. Mona Mejsen Westergaard Special Advisor to the Minister Ministry for the Environment Hoejbro Plads 4 DK 1200 Copenhagen Denmark Fax: (+45 33) 322 227 Email: mmw@mim.dk Ethiopia Ms. Tizita Mulugeta Yimam The Centre for Research, Training and Information on Women in Development (CERTWID) P.O. Box 1176 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Tel: (+251 1) 964 0904/923 6520/226 083 Fax: (+251 1) 551 1313 Email: tizumu@yahoo.com / certwid@telecom.com

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Fiji Ms. Leba Halofaki Mataitini South Pacific Action Committee on Human Ecology and Environment (SPACHEE) P.O. Box 3136 Lami Town Suva Fiji Tel: (+679) 336 1427 Email: mataitini_l@usp.ac.fi Finland Ms. Aira Kalela Director General International Affairs Unit Ministry of the Environment Kasarminkatu 25 P.O. Box 35 FIN 00023 Government Finland Tel: (+358 9) 1603 9480 Fax: (+358 9) 1603 9602 Email: aira.kalela@ymparisto.fi Ms. Eeva-Maria Vuorenmaa Deputy Permanent Representative Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30379 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 334 777 Fax: (+254 20) 335 986 Email: eera-maria.vuorenmaa@formin.fi Ms. Anneli Sund Senior Advisor International Affairs Unit Ministry of the Environment Ksarminkatu 25 P.O. Box 35 FIN 00023 Government Finland Tel: (+358 9) 1603 9486 Fax: (+358 9) 1603 9602 Email: anneli.sund@ymparisto.fi Germany Ms. Juliane Gruening Deutscher Naturschutzring Prenzlauer Allee 230 10405 Berlin Germany Tel: (+49 30) 4433 9181 Fax: (+49 30) 4433 9180 Email: juliane.gruening@dnr.de

Ms. Meike Spitzner Wuppertal Institut Umwelt, Klima, Energie Doeppersberg 19 42103 Wuppertal Germany Tel: (+49 202) 249 2151 Fax: (+49 202) 249 2263 Email: meike.spitzner@wupperinst.org / meike.spitzner@gmx.net Ms. Jutta Emig Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 11055 Berlin Germany Tel: (+ 49 01) 8883 052 220 Email: jutta.emig@bmu.bund.de Guyana Ms. Jocelyn Dow Resource Person Trade & Sustainability Red Thread Women's Development Programme 173 Charlotte Street Lacytown Georgetown Guyana Tel: (+592 22) 58 404 Fax: (+592 22) 55 310 Email: jocelyndow@yahoo.com India Mr. Vijay Biju Singh Negi Save the Seed Movement C/o 154 Dharampur-II 248001 Dehra Dun-Uttaranchal India Tel: (+91 135) 267 4972 Email: negi_biju@hotmail.com Ms. Bali Devi Rana President Women Welfare Group C/o Save the Seed Movement 154 Dharampur-II 248001 Dehra Dun-Uttaranchal India Tel: (+91 135) 267 4972 Email: Negi_biju@hotmail.com/ bnegi@yahoo.com Ms. Srilatha Batliwala Civil Society Research Fellow Hauser Center for Non-Profit Organizations Bangalore India Email: srilatha_batliwala@harvard.edu

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Mr. Purushottam Dass Deputy Permanent Representative Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 300740 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 222 566 Fax: (+254 20) 316 242 Email: consechindia@kenyaweb.com Mr. Surendra Kumar Permanent Representative Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 300740 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 222 566 Fax: (+254 20) 316 242 Email: hcindia@kenyaweb.com Mr. S.D.K. Menon Focal Point Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 300740 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 222 566 Fax: (+254 20) 316 242 Email: indiafocalpoint@wananchi.com Islamic Republic of Iran Ms. Massoumeh Ebteker Vice-President of the Islamic Republic of Iran Head, Department of the Environment P.O. Box 5181 No. 187 Ostad Nejatollahi Ave Tehran 15875 Islamic Republic of Iran Tel: 98 21 891 261 Fax: 98 21 890 8230 Italy Mr. Gialuan Crispi Deputy Permanent Representative Permanent Mission of Italy to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30107 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 337 356/7 Fax: (+254 20) 337 056

Mr. Brian Gray Programme Adviser Gender Unit World Food Programme/United Nations Environment Programme (WFP/UNEP) Via Cesare Giulio Viola 68/70 Rome 00148 Italy Tel: (+39 06) 6513 3153 Fax: (+39 06) 6513 2873 Email: brian.gray@wfp.org Japan Ms. Yukiko Oda Kitakyushu Forum on Asian Women (KFAW) 11-4 Otemachi, Kokura-kita, Kitakyushu 803 0814 Fukuoka Japan Tel: (+81 93) 583 3434 Fax: (+81 93) 583 5195 Email: oda@kfaw.or.jp Mr. Ryo Fujii Student Ryukoku University 2-D Casa Takamura 1-500 Katachigaebashi-minami Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku Kyoto-city Japan Tel: (+81 93) 582 5067 Fax: (+81 93) 582 5067 Email: yodakfaw@yahoo.co.jp Kenya Ms. Wangari Maathai 2004 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Assistant Minister Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Wildlife P.O. Box 30521 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 2712 613/271 2618 Fax: (+254 20) 272 0257 Email: mec@nbnet.co.ke Ms. Martha Karua Minister for Water Resources Management and Development P.O. Box 30521 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 200 2716 103 Fa: (+254 20) 2717 830 Email: mwd-hqs@nbnet.co.ke Ms. Beth Wambui Mugo Assistant Minister for Basic Education Ministry of Education, Science and Technology P.O. Box 30040 Nairobi Kenya Tel: 334411

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Ms. Lucy Mulenkei Indigenous Information Network P.O. Box 74908-00200 City Square Nairobi Tel: (254 20) 2723958 Fax: (254 20) 2729607 iin@iin.co.ke, mulenkei@yahoo.com Mr. Davinder Lamba Executive Director Mazingira Institute P.O. Box 14550 Nairobi 00800 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 444 3226/444 3219 Fax: (+254 20) 444 4643 Email: mazinst@mitsuminet.com Ms. Dorcas Otieno Executive Director Kenya Organization for Environmental Education (KOEE) P.O. Box 59468 Nairobi 00200 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 522 503 Cell: 722 777 734 Fax: (+254 20) 522 503 Email: dorcasotieno@koee.org / berylotieno@yahoo.com Ms. Annabell W. Waititu Groots Kenya P.O. Box 30905 Nairobi 00200 City Square Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 573 186 Fax: (+254 20) 271 8977 Email: awaititu@hotmail.com / groots@grootskenya.org Ms. Wanjira Mathai International Liaison Coordinator The Green Belt Movement P.O. Box 67545-00200 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 573 017/Mob: (254) 721 702 983 Email: gbm@iconnect.co.ke Ms. Surinder Kapila FIDA P.O. Box 40636 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 862 400 ext 2342 Email: skapila@usaid.gov Ms. Lilian Wakiiya Mwaura International Council of Women P.O. Box 50515-00200 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 216 423 Fax: (+254 20) 335 823 Email: kmwaura@insightkenya.com

Ms. Juliana Kunguru Sociologist dealing with water and gender P.O. Box 2034 Kakamega Kenya Tel: (+254 056) 30 339 Email: jkunguru@yahoo.com Ms. Juliana Mugure Muchai Green Belt Movement P.O. Box67545 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 573 057/ Mobile: (+254) 721 702 983 Email: gbm@iconnect.co.ke Ms. Susan C. Adhiambo P.O. Box 8021 Dago Kenya Email: dasu_bar@yahoo.com Ms. Margaret Nguratiang Sorta Sopon-Pokot Indigenous Peoples for Sustainable Development P.O. Box 206 Kapenguria Kenya Tel: (+254) 722 239 664 Ms. Mariamu Sereka Kiyato Network of Pastoralist Women in Kenya P.O. Box 222 Isiolo Kenya Tel: (+254 064) 52 475/ Mobile: (+254) 721 749 520 Ms. Catherine Mutua Namayian Women Group C/o P.O. Box 429-00502 Nairobi Kenya Ms. Jacinta Epeyion Nyanga Nadapac Indigenous Peoples Association P.O. Box 350 Lodwar Kenya Tel: (+254 054) 21 278/ (+254) 720 720 003/735 325 876 Email: C/o - oxamturkana@wananchi.com Ms. Isabella Masinde Advisor Environment and Livelihoods Centre for Livelihoods Opportunities Unlimited and Technologies (CLOUT) Amboseli Road, Lavington P.O. Box 64024 Nairobi 00620 Kenya Tel: (+254) 722 273 225 Email: imasinde@hotmail.com info@cloutinternational.org

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Ms. Sophia Okinda Yaw Pachi Women Group Sagam Community Hospital P.O. Box 905 Luanda Kenya Tel: (+254) 721 784 149 E-mail: rmitoko@yahoo.com Ms. Deborah Nightingale African Conservation Centre Sarit Centre P.O. Box 700 Nairobi 00606 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 444 5004/ Mobile: (+254) -733 722 246 Email: nightingale@africaonline.co.ke Ms. Achieng Abura Nairobi Kenya E-mail: Lydia_abura@yahoo.com Ms. Agnes Mosoni Kimer Rain Water Harvesting Kipuo Dokoya Kajiado Kenya Email: ecafe2002@yahoo.co.uk Ms. Hellen N. Owalla-Odhiambo Field Supervisor - Indoor Air Pollution Project ITDG-EA Kisumu Office Lutheran Church Community Centre Ondiek Highway, Off Nairobi Road P.O. Box 2260 Kisumu Kenya Tel: (+254 57) 22 486/733 549 341 Fax: (+254 57) 22 125 Email: itkisumu@africaonline.co.ke Ms. Lydia Muchiri Projects Manager Intermediate Technology Development Group - Eastern Africa P.O. Box 39493 Nairobi 00623 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 271 3540 Fax: (+254 20) 271 0083 Email: lydia.muchiri@itdg.or.ke Ms. Margaret Koileken Coordinator Indigenous Peoples Women Maasai Women for Education and Economic Development (MAWEED) P.O. Box 711 Narok Kenya Tel: (+254) 722 879 365/ (+254 50) 23 450 Email: mkoileken@yahoo.com

Ms. Consolata Kiragu Deputy Permanent Representative Permanent Mission of Kenya to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 41395 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 221 055 Fax: (+254 20) 215 105 Email: kmunep@swiftkenya.com Mr. Andrew Kiptoon Permanent Representative Permanent Mission of Kenya to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 41395 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 221 055 Fax: (+254 20) 215 105 Ms. Hariet Nduma Second Secretary Permanent Mission of Kenya to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 41395 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 221 055 Fax: (+254 20) 215 105 Ms. Rahab Muiu Chair African Centre for Empowerment, Gender and Advocacy (ACEGA) P.O. Box 60375 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254) 721 607 699 Fax: (+254 20) 315 985 Email: acegainsight@keya.com Ms. Wanja Kinuthia Coordinator-Pollinators Invertebarate Zoology Conservation Department National Museums of Kenya P.O. Box 40658 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 374 4833 Fax: (+254 20) 374 4833 Email: eafrinet@africaonline.co.ke Ms. Caroline Owino Mathare Youth Sports Association (MYSA) P.O. Box 69038 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 773 614 Ms. Jonsson Margalite P.O. Box 311 Sarit Centre Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 343 7080

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Ms. Kelly Madilyn Consultant Save The Children P.O. Box 74381 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254) 735 771 942 Email: marilynkelly100@aol.com Mr. Achola Pala Okeyo International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology P.O. Box 30772 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Email: apala@icipe.org Ms. Nyabonyi L. Kazungu National Coordinator Women Clean Environment - 2000 P.O. Box 11936 or Coast Line Protection for Environment (CPE) P.O. Box 81, Kaloleni, Kilifi, Coast Province. Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 444 1372 Fax: (+254 20) 444 1372 Email: nyabonyik@yahoo.com Ms. Joan Kariuki Research Assistant African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS) P.O. Box 30677 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 524 708 Fax: (+254 20) 524 701 Email: joan.kariuki@cgiar.org Mr. Wilfred Ndegwa Programme Officer World Health Organization P.O. Box 45335 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 271 7902 Fax: (+254 20) 2719141 Email: ndegwaw@whokenya.org Ms. Joyce Awimbo-Lavussa Programme Officer Reproductive Health World Health Organization P.O. Box 45335 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 271 7902 Fax: (+254 20) 2719141 Email: lavussaj@whokenya.org

Ms. Jamila Mohammed Executive Director International Centre for Environmental Management (ICEM) P.O. Box 79692 Nairobi 00200 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 242 308 Fax: (+254 20) 216 365 Email: mkadv@mitsuminet.com Mr. Nicky Nzioki Research Coordinator Cohort for Research on Environment, Urban Management and Human Settlements (CREUMHS) Faculty of Architecture Building University of Nairobi State House Road P.O. Box 48974, GPO Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 724 525/9 Fax: (+254 20) 718 549 Email: creumhs2002@yahoo.com/ nmnzioka@uonbi.ac.ke Ms. Maryann Muchene Intern/Assistant P.O. Box 41537 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 44 7412 Fax: (+254 20) 44 7416 Liberia Mr. Surya PS Dhungel Rule of Law Adviser Human Rights and Protection Section United Nations Mission in Liberia Monrovia Liberia Tel: (+361 6) 579 458 Email: dhungel@un.org Mongolia Ms. Tsedendash Batkhishig Economist, Researcher Environmental Education and Research Institute ECO ASIA C.P.O. Box 752 Ulaanbaatar 13 Mongolia Tel: (+976 91) 91 9149 Cell Fax: (+976 11) 312 320/31 5595 Email: khish_ts@yahoo.com

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Morocco Ms. Kenza El Ghali Association Nour B.P. 62 Rahafsai, Taounate Morocco Tel: (+212 556) 99 142/(+212 613) 94 211 Fax: (+212 556) 99 142 Email: kenza_el_ghali@hotmail.com Nepal Ms. Kamala K. Acharya President Women in Environment (WE) New Plaza, Ram Shah Path Kathmandu Nepal Tel: (+977 1) 441 1303 Fax: (+977 1) 441 5619 Email: women_in_environment@yahoo.com Ms. Stella Tamang Chairperson South Asia Indigenous Women Forum (SAIWF) GPO Box 1366 Jorpati - 2 Kathmandu Nepal Tel: (+977 1) 448 5475 Fax: (+977 1) 447 1179 Email: reachstella@yahoo.com / ps@tamang.wlink.com.np Ms. Pragya Dhungel Information Officer 7th Asia Pacific NGO's Environmental Conference Ramsha Path Kathmandu Nepal Tel: (+977 1) 411 303 Fax: (+977 1) 411 5619 Email: apnec-7@yahoo.com Netherlands Mr. Jan A. Bauer Permanent Representative Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 41537 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 444 7412 Fax: (+254 20) 444 7416 Email: nai-pr-un@minbuza.nl Ms. Irene Dankelman Senior Advisor for Sustainable Development Women's Environment & Development Organization (WEDO) Hatertseweg 41 6581 KD Malden, Netherlands Tel/fax: 31.24.356 4834 (h) 3124.365 2091 (O) irene.dankelman@hetnet.nl

Ms. Rachel Heijne Director Women and Environment (VeM) Predikherenkerkhof 13 3571 X2 Utrecht Netherlands Tel: (+31 30) 232 1726 Email: vem-r.heijne@planet.nl Ms. Sascha Gabizon Director WECF WECF Netherlands P.O. Box 13047 3507-LA Utrecht Netherlands Tel: (+31 30) 231 0300 Fax: (+31 30) 234 0878 Email: sascha@wecf.org or International Director Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF) Ickstattstrasse 22 D-80469 Munich, Germany wecf@wecf.org; sascha@wefc.org Ms. Catherina Bentvelsen Board member of WECF WECF Netherlands P.O. Box 13047 3507-LA Utrecht Netherlands Tel: (+31 30) 231 0300 Fax: (+31 30) 234 0878 Email: kitty.bentvetsen@chello.nl Ms. Sayida Vanenburg Youth Delegate CSD Van Heutszstr 73 6521 CV Nijmegen Netherlands Tel: (+31 6) 4122 6683 Email: sayidavanenburg@jeugdraad.nl New Zealand Ms. Arapera Sharples Chief Executive Officer Te Pae Wairua Trust New Zealand Tel: (+64 9) 837 6084 Fax: (+64 9) 837 6084 Email: asharples@xtra.co.nz Nigeria Ms. Bolere E. Ketebu-Nwokeafor National President National Council of Women's Societies (NCWS) P.O. Box 8784 Wuse Post Office Abuja Nigeria Tel: (+234) 9314 3742/314 3740/803 314 6995 Fax: (+234) 9314 3761/8033 146 995

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Ms. Adebisi Adebayo Freelance Consultant Chemin des Champs Beans, 83 Chavanne de Bogis CH 1279 Switzerland Email: adebisi_adebayo@hotmail.com / adebayo@who.int Pakistan Ms. Khawar Mumtaz Shirkat Gah, 68 Tipu Block New Garden Town Lahore Pakistan Tel: (+92 42) 583 6554/583 8815 Fax: (+92 42) 586 0185 Email: khawar@sgah.org.pk Ms. Shaher Bano Walajahi Civic Centre Ministry of Environment Old NavalHQ, Sector G-6 House NO. 14-B, Street 27, Sector F-8/1 Islamabad Pakistan Tel: (+92 51) 920 2725/926 2517(Home) Fax: (+92 51) 920 5285 Peru Ms. Ursula Carrascal Vizarreta VIDA-Instituto para la Proteccion del Medio Ambiente Moroe 353 la Punta Callao Lima 1029 Peru Tel: (+511) 263 3231 Fax: (+511) 429 4768 Email: vidaperu@terra.com.pe ucarrascal@yahoo.es Philippines Ms. Daphne Roxas Executive Director Asian Women's Network on Gender and Development (AWNGAD) 101 Hyacinth, Roxas District Quezon City 1103 Philippines Tel: (+632) 373 7902 Fax: (+632) 412 4230 Email: banahaw@hotmail.com

Republic of Korea Ms. Eunkyung Park Chairperson Committee of International Solidarity of Korean Women's Environment Network 97 Hwa-Dong, Jongro-gu 110 210 Seoul Republic of Korea Fax: (+822) 723 7215 Email: ek_pj@yahoo.com/ / ecolmy@hanmail.net / kwen21@chollian.net Republic of Moldova Ms. Elena Zubcov WISDOM/ECOTOX Chisinau MD 2028, Academiei St. 1 Republic of Moldova Tel: (+373 22) 737 509 Email: zubcov@as.md / ecotox@yahoo.com Romania Ms. Michaela Vasilescu Medium and Sanitas Bucharest Str Alcea Stonila Nr. 2 BL.h12, Sc2, Ap 16 Romania Tel: (+42 21) 673 4862/ 0726 774 509 Email: vasilescu@xnet.ro Rwanda Ms. Marthe Muhawenimana Caurwa - Organization for Batwa in Rwanda P.O. Box 3809 Kigali Rwanda Tel: (+250) 517 184/ Mobile: 0874 8576/0883 8457 Email: caurwa@rwanda1.com / muhawe2002@yahoo.com Saint Lucia Ms. Vasantha Chase Head, Environment and Sustainable Development Unit P.O. Box 1383 Castries Saint Lucia Tel: (+758) 453 6208 Fax: (+758) 452 2194 Email: vchase@oecs.org

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Senegal Ms. Zo Randriamaro WEDO Residence Abdalah Faycal Apt. No. 1504 Senegal Tel: (+221) 842 1894/666 6638 Email: razo81@yahoo.com South Africa Ms. Rejoice Thizwilondi Mabudafhasi Deputy Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism of the Republic of South Africa Private Bag X447, Pretoria, 0001 Fedsure Forum Building, cnr Pretorius and van der Walt Streets Pretoria, South Africa Telephone: 27 012 310 3898 Fax: 27 012 320 1849 pdisenyeng@deat.gov.za or zmbuli@ozone.pwv.gov.za Ms. Kamarunga Banda Executive Director: Strategic Leadership of Organisation Novafrica P.O. Box 13447 Postocode 2000 Clubview, Centurion 0014 South Africa Tel: (+27 12) 654 8712 Fax: (+27 12) 654 8710 Email: khamarunga@novafrica.org.za Ms. Norah Christine Makgopela African Economic Policy Network 13 Village on the Ridge Ridgeway, Brietta Street Postocode 2000 Johannesburg South Africa Tel: (+27 11) 680 8275 Email: awepon@iafrica.com / chibote@sn.apc.org Ms. Ethne Davey Gender and Water Alliance 7 Kempen St., Bellville 7530 Western Cape South Africa Tel: (+27 21) 834 63 7411 Email: daveyE@dwaf.gov.za / ethnel12@telkomsa.net Ms. Litha Musyimi-Ogana Adviser: Gender and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) NEPAD Secretariat P.O. Box 1234 Halfway House Midrand 1685 South Africa Tel: (+27 11) 313 3835/82 649 0075 Fax: (+27 11) 313 3778 Email: litham@nepad.org

Sudan Ms. Sumaia Elsayed Sudanese Environment Conservation Society P.O. Box 1573 Khartoum Central 11111 Sudan Tel: (+249 83) 224 376(Res)/Mobile: 912 138 583 Email: sumaiaelsayed@hotmail.com Suriname Ms. Monique Essed-Fernandes Women and Environment Movement Ceresstraat 31 Paramaribo Suriname Tel: (+597) 455 009 Fax: (+597) 550 939 Email: messed@parbo.net Sweden Ms. Lena Sommestad Minister of the Environment Ministry of the Environment P.O. Box 10333 Stockholm Sweden Tel: (+46 8) 4052 083 Fax: (+46 8) 810 3807 Mr. Jakob Strom Division of International Affairs Ministry of the Environment P.O. Box 10333 Stockholm Sweden Tel: (+46 8) 4052 083 Fax: (+46 8) 810 3807 Email: jakob.strom@environment.ministry.se Ms. Monica Lovstrom Ministry of the Environment P.O. Box 10333 Stockholm Sweden Tel: (+46 8) 4051 000 Fax: (+46 8) 241 629/219 628 Email: monica.lovstrom@environment.ministry.se Tajikistan Ms. Muborak Sharipova OPEN ASIA Tajikistan Tel: (+452 6) 228 682 Fax: (+453 9) 625 684 Email: muborakopenasia@hotmail.com

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Thailand Ms. Virada Somswasdi Chair Graduate Program in Women's Studies Women's Studies Center Faculty of Social Sciences Chiangmai 50200 Thailand Tel: (+66 53) 943 572/943 592 Fax: (+66 53) 210 245/892 464 Email: virada@chiangmai.ac.th / viradasomswasdi@yahoo.com Uganda Ms. Maria Mutagamba Minister of State Ministry of Water P.O. Box 7096 Kampala Uganda Tel: (+256 41) 342 931-33 Fax: (+256 41) 230 891 Email: mwle@mwle.go.ug Ms. Joy M. Biteete Tukahirwa Executive Director The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda ECOTRUST Plot 12 Babiiha Avenue (former Acacia Avenue) Kololo P.O. Box 8986 Kampala Uganda Tel: (+256 41) 343 129/343 157/346 972 Fax: (+256 41) 341 821 Email: jtukahirwa@ecotrust.or.ug Ms. Margaret Lotee Lokakwua Women Environment Conservation Project Karamoja P.O. Box 4 P.O. Box 8986 Moroto Uganda Tel: (+256 ) 7783 0999 Fax: (+256) 453 5282 Email: iriamall@yahoo.com Ms. Agnes Kalibala Deputy Permanent Representative Permanent Mission of Uganda to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 60853 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 330 975 Fax: (+254 20) 444 3772 Email: ugahicom@todays.co.ke

Ms. Ruth Biyinzika Musoke Program Manager Uganda Women Interprenuers Association P.O. Box 256 Kamapala 10002 Uganda Tel: (+256 41) 343 952 Fax: (+256 41) 343 952 Email: uweal@enterprise.co.ug Ms. Annet Kaduma Uganda Women Enterprenuers Association P.O. Box 256 Kampala 10002 Uganda Tel: (+256 41) 343 952 Fax: (+256 41) 343 952 Email: uweal@enterprise.co.ug Ms. Rachel Musoke Assistant Commissioner Environment Inspection Department of Environment Affairs Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment P.O. Box 7096 Kamapala Uganda Tel: (+256 041) 234 327/ Mob. (077) 489 308 Fax: (+256 041) 230 891 Email: rachel@mwle.go.ug / rachelmusoke@yahoo.com Ukraine Ms. Svetlana Slesarenok NGO Mama-86 22, Mikhaihiska 01001 Kyiv-1 Ukraine Tel: (+380) 44 228 7749 Fax: (+380) 44 229 5514 Email: slesaraenok@ukr.net / slesarenok@mama-86.org.ua United Arab Emirates Ms. Habiba Al Marashi Chairperson Emirates Environmental Group P.O. Box 7013 Dubai United Arab Emirates Tel: (+971 4) 331 8100 Fax: (+971 4) 332 8500 Email: eeg@emirates.net.ae Ms. Sudipa Bose Emirates Environmental Group P.O. Box 7013 Dubai United Arab Emirates Tel: (+971 4) 331 8100 Fax: (+971 4) 332 8500 Email: eeg@emirates.net.ae

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United Republic of Tanzania Ms. Mary Labdacky Ilaramatak Lorkonerei P.O. Box 12785 Arusha United Republic of Tanzania Tel: (+255 27) 250 9033/255 57750 Fax: (+255 27) 250 9033 Email: ilamatak@yahoo.com / noolemalosioki@yahoo.com Ms. Marion Marie Hughes Representative of the Maryknoll Offic Global Concerns Box No. 1421 Musoma United Republic of Tanzania Fax: (+255 28) 264 2868 Email: marion@juasun.net Ms. Anna Mwasha Assistant Director, Poverty Eradication Division Vice President's Office P.O. Box 5380 Dar es Salaam United Republic of Tanzania Tel: (+255 22) 212 4109 Fax: (+255 22) 212 4107 Email: asmwasha@hotmail.com Ms. Adelaida Tillya Minister Counsellor and UNEP Focal Point Permanent Mission of United Republic of Tanzania to the United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 47790 Nairobi Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 331 056/7 Fax: (+254 20) 218 269 Email: tanzania@africaonline.co.ke United States of America Ms. June Zeitlin Executive Director Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) 355 Lexington Avenue New York NY 10017 United States of America Tel: (+1 212) 973 0325 Fax: (+1 212) 973 0335 Email: june@wedo.org Ms. Mia S. MacDonald World Watch Institute 75 3rd Place Postcode 11231-4029 Brooklyn New York United States of America Tel: (+1 718) 694 0190 Fax: (+1 718) 694 0793 Email: miamacdonald@earthlink.net

Ms. Betsy Apple Deputy Director Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO) 355 Lexington Avenue 3rd Floor New York NY 10017 United States of America Tel: (+1 212) 973 0325 Fax: (+1 212) 973 0335 Email: betsy@wedo.org Viet Nam Ms. Hoa Thi Tran Vice Director Towards Ethnic Women (TEW) A 10 Ngoc Khanh Science Village Ba Dinh Hanoi Viet Nam Tel: (+84 4) 771 7834 Fax: (+84 4) 771 5691/771 4469 Email: tthoa@tew-chesh.org.vn pbthuy@tew-chesh.org.vn nvsu@tew-chesh.org.vn Zambia Ms. Ruth Mulenga UNEP Youth Advisory Council P.O. Box 30077-10101 Independence Avenue Lusaka Zambia Tel: (+260 1) 252 048 Fax: (+260 1) 252 141 Email: musanyamulenga@yahoo.com Zimbabwe Ms. Abby Taka Mgugu Women, Land and Water Rights in Southern Africa 13 Langham University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe Tel: (+263 4) 745 052/745 5107 Email: wlwrsa@africaonline.co.zw Ms. Mildred Mkandla External Relations Director EarthCare Africa Policy Monitoring Institute P.O. Box 60214 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Tel: (+251 1) 613 889 Fax: (+251 1) 613 889 Email: lindile46@yahoo.co.uk

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Ms. Rachel N. Mhene Students for Environment 1 Cowden close Chisjpiti Harare Zimbabwe Tel: (+263 92) 288 445 Email: rmhene@yahoo.com United Nations organizations Mr. Klaus Töpfer Executive Director United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 624 001 Fax: (+254 20) 624 006 Email: Klaus.Toepfer@unep.org Ms. Anna Tibaijuka Executive Director United Nations Centre for Human Settlements UN-Habitat P.O. Box 30030 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 625 001/5004 Fax: (254 20) 623 715 Email: anna.tibaijuka@unchs.org Mr. Shafqat Kakakhel Deputy Executive Director United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 624 021/4021 Fax: (+254 20) 623 070 Email: shafqat.kakakhel@unep.org Mr. Bakary Kante Director Division of Policy Development and Law United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 624 065 Fax: (+254 20) 624 324 Email: bakary.kante@unep.org Mr. Halifa Drammeh Deputy Director Division of Policy Development and Law United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 624 278 Fax: (+254 20) 622 788/4324 Email: Halifa.Drammeh@unep.org

Ms. Beverly Miller Secretary, Governing Council Gender Focal Point United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 623 411/3431 Fax: (+254 20) 623 929/3748 Email: beverly.miller@unep.org Mr. Olivier Deleuze Chief, Major Groups and Stakeholders Branch Division of Policy Development and Law United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 624 686 Fax: (+254 20) 623 022 Email: olivier.deleuze@unep.org Ms. Nyaradzai Gumbonzvanda Regional Director UNIFEM P.O. Box 30218 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 624 301 Fax: (+254 20) 624 494 Email: nyaradzai.gumbonzvanda@undp.org Ms. Meryem Amar Programme Officer Major Groups and Stakeholders Branch Division of Policy Development and Law United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 623 680 Fax: (+254 20) 623 022 Email: meryem.amar@unep.org Ms. Njeri Wamukonya Programme Officer Division of Policy Development and Law United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 624 793 Fax: (+254 20) 623 022 Email: Njeri.Wamukonya@unep.org Ms. Henrietta Bullinger Major Groups and Stakeholders Branch Division of Policy Development and Law United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 6247 Fax: (+254 20) 623 022 Mr. Denis Ruysschaert Programme Officer Major Groups and Stakeholders Branch

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Division of Policy Development and Law United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 623 584 Fax: (+254 20) 623 022 Email: denis.ruysschaert@unep.org Ms. Laetitia Zobel Associate Programme Officer Major Groups and Stakeholders Branch Division of Policy Development and Law United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 624578 Fax: (+254 20) 623 022 Email: laetitia.zobel@unep.org

Ms. Sandra Bos Programme Officer Division of Policy Development and Law United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 624 797 Fax: (+254 20) 623 861 Email: sandra.bos@unep.org Ms. Karin Buhren Associate Human Settlements Officer UN-Habitat P.O. Box 30030 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Tel: (+254 20) 623 191 Fax: (254 20) 623 715 Email: karin.buhren@unhabitat.org

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