United nations clos

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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Laws for the International Waters

description

laws regarding international waters

Transcript of United nations clos

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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Laws for the International Waters

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UNCLOSConventionBig meeting 1973-1982

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What does UNCLOS do?Defines:

Rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the worlds oceans

Guidelines for business the environment and the management of

marine natural resources

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This is a little different The UN helps support UNCLOSDon’t directly implement Don’t enforce

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Who does?International Maritime OrganizationInternational Whaling CommissionThe International Sea Bed Authority

Created by the UN

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Freedom of the Seas’Before UNCLOS in 198517th centuryNational rights 3 nautical miles

1.15 miles

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What about the rest of the ocean?Outside of the 3 nautical milesFree to all nationsBelonging to no one

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Early 20th Century1900’sMany nations wanted to extend the lineMineral resourcesProtect fish suppliesWater pollution

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1945Truman Continental Shelf

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1946 - 1950ArgentinaPeruChileEcuador200 nautical milesOther countries extend 12 nm

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By 1967Only 25 nations used the 3 nm guideline

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2008Only 2 countries use 3nm

JordanPalau

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So what does UNCLOS say?Sets the base line-----low water mark

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Internal WatersAnything on the landside of the baseline Nation is free to set lawsUse any resourceForeign vessels may not enter wo permission

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Territorial WatersBaseline12 nm is still territory

Set lawsRegulate useUse any resource

Vessels can pass— “innocent passage”

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Contiguous Zone24 nm outside the baselineState can enforce laws

PollutionTaxation Customsimmigration

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Exclusive Economic Zones200 nm outside of the baselineSole exploitation rights over all natural

resourcesSettle fishing disputesOil drilling rights

Foreign nations can freely Navigate Fly over Lay submarine pipes & cables