United Nation’s Committee On Super-Human Beings

Introduction:

The expedition of the 6th grade Model UN will embark on will be professional yet unorthodox. The United Nations has heard the pleas of millions of people around the world begging for the accountability and control of “enhanced individuals” ...so the United Nations listened. A call by DISEC to create an assembly tasked with writing resolutions pertaining to “enhanced individuals,” COSHB was established to do what the United Nations could not do before. Let this be made clear, the delegates of this committee will debate, will draft, and will vote on what has been called by many as the Sokovia Accords. The delegates will work together to debate how the UN will make “enhanced individuals” accountable for their actions. COSHB was established as the 7th Committee of the UN General Assembly following the Incident at Lagos and it is our role to ensure that the rest of the world is protected against “enhanced individuals.”

“Enhanced individuals” are those who are abnormally stronger, smarter, agile, etc. than average humans. UN-recognized “enhanced individuals” are the Avengers, their associates, and the New York City “enhanced individuals”, but there could possibly be more that the United Nations either does not recognize or know of its existence. To effectively handle the topic of “enhanced individuals” with diligence and care, we must understand the topics of discussion that COSHB will discuss in the upcoming session. But first, a history of these “enhanced individuals” and their relation to the world must be made clear to every delegate.

Timeline:

The timeline is a rough sketch from the public’s eyes. The existence of these “enhanced individuals” has been largely secretive for most of our lives. It has been through world-changing events such as the Infiltration of S.H.I.E.L.D., Tony Stark’s revelation of his identity of Iron Man, and the numerous battles that have taken place on Earth directly or indirectly caused by “enhanced individuals” that we can compose such a timeline. It has been suggested that there is still much hidden from our knowledge, and that the information that has been released to the public creates a beneficial sketch for defining a capable timeline. Most of the information we have gathered is because of HYDRA’s infiltration of S.H.I.E.L.D., where S.H.I.E.L.D.’s information was released to the public eye following the destruction of the Triskelion in Washington, D.C.

1939 (Howard Stark establishes Stark Industries): The first relevant event is when Howard Stark, father of Tony Stark, established Stark Industries. Stark Industries was, since its establishment until the end of Tony Stark’s kidnapping, a weapon and military technology industrial center. Stark Industries would heavily cooperate with the Strategic Scientific Reserve

and S.H.I.E.L.D. in both scientific and security efforts, and Tony Stark would later inherit Stark Industries.

1940 (Strategic Scientific Reserve is established by U.S. President Roosevelt): The Strategic Scientific Reserve was the scientific think tank of the United States since the onset of the Second World War. The SSR was responsible for the Super Soldier Program that made Steve Rogers into a physically-enhanced soldier. Roosevelt, thinking that war with Nazi Germany, making large scientific strives of their own, was inevitable, wanted to keep the balance of scientific power on the side of the Americans.

1943 (Steve Rogers becomes a Super Soldier): Steve Rogers before joining the SSR, was classified as a 4F, or physically unfit to join the U.S. Armed Forces. However, Dr. Abraham Erskine, a representative of the SSR, cleared Rogers for training. After undergoing training to become a soldier of the United States Army, Erskine cleared Rogers to become a super soldier. The experiment was a success and Rogers became physically enhanced to an extreme extent. But, shortly after Rogers’ transformation, Dr. Erskine was killed by an assassin working for HYDRA.

1943 (Steve Rogers, now Captain America, sees first action in Austria and rescues the 107th Infantry Regiment): The Americans did not originally use Steve Rogers as a super soldier. They saw fit to use Rogers as a morale booster in the war. Rogers’ persona, Captain America, was utilized as a symbol of American strength, and he toured across the United States and the

frontlines of Europe. Upon learning of the 107th Infantry Regiment’s demise - his friend, Buchanan Barnes’ unit – Rogers set out to find them. He was extremely successful in locating Barnes and his fellow soldiers, rescuing 400 soldiers.

1945 (Captain America disappears): According to records from S.H.I.E.L.D., inherited by the SSR, Rogers and his Howling Commandos attempted to assault the HYDRA Headquarters. While the Commandos took control of the Headquarters, Rogers gave chase to Johann Schmidt, the leader of HYDRA, who fled in an aircraft planning to drop explosives over American cities. Rogers was able to defeat Schmidt and take control of the plane but could not land it. Rogers then went off-grid in communications and disappeared. It was only learned 66 years later that Rogers crash-landed in the Arctic Ocean frozen, but still alive.

1948: (SHIELD is formed) Howard Stark and Peggy Carter plan to form S.H.I.E.L.D., which they launch in January of 1949.

1949: Zola, now recruited by S.H.I.E.L.D., begins to rebuild HYDRA from within the agency. He and former HYDRA agents track down Bucky Barnes, who had survived his fall and was in the custody of Soviet authorities. Bucky’s memory is wiped and modified, as is his body; he’d lost an arm but was outfitted with a metal prosthetic. HYDRA kept Bucky cryogenically frozen, thawed out only when needed as the elite assassin, Winter Soldier.

1978: (Ego) comes to Earth to plant a seedling and falls in love with Meredith Quill. He leaves on December 23rd, but returns multiple times over the months ahead.

1984:

Hank Pym uses his Ant-Man suit to test his EMP communication device by shrinking down to the size of Bullet Ants.

At some point around this time, Hank and Dr. Bill Foster had worked on Project G.O.L.I.A.T.H (where Foster attained a maximum height of 21 feet thanks to their Pym Particles experiments), but after their partnership grew too contentious, Pym and Foster soon parted ways.

1987: Hank Pym and Janet Van Dyne try to disarm a Soviet ICBM as Ant-Man and the Wasp. Janet is thought to have died after turning off her suit’s regulator in order to shrink down small enough to enter the missile and disable it, but she actually becomes lost in the quantum realm.

1989: • Opting to fly a top-secret plane with an experimental engine for superior technical officer,

Dr. Wendy Lawson (though leaving Lawson’s pet cat Goose behind), an unexpected engagement with an alien spacecraft ends with Carol Danvers and Dr. Lawson crashing. While Lawson is killed, Carol is saved by Kree forces and spirited away to their home-world of Hala.

• For the next six years, Carol, now known as Vers, is trained by Kree warriors in the elite military group, Starforce, led by Yon-Rogg. Together, they help the Kree defend the known universe from invasion by the shape-shifting Skrulls.

• Hank Pym resigns from S.H.I.E.L.D. upon discovering that the organization attempted to replicate his size-changing technology.

1991 (Howard and Maria Stark are killed in a car accident): Howard and Maria Stark, parents of Tony Stark, were traveling to the Pentagon in Long Island when they were

unfortunately killed in a car accident. This incident left the young Tony Stark distraught at the loss of his parents, especially his mother. Obadiah Stane became the interim CEO, but Tony Stark eventually became CEO, making himself the youngest billionaire CEO in history.

1995:

• Goose the “cat” (actually a very dangerous creature known as a flerken) not only dispatches many of the Kree soldiers, it also consumes the Tesseract by swallowing it.

• A fierce battle takes place on Lawson’s laboratory ship in orbit around Earth, though Captain Marvel, now free of the shackles of the Kree and the Supreme Intelligence, deals with Starforce rather easily. Even when Yon-Rogg calls Ronan the Accuser to summon a fleet of world-destroying bombers to wipe out Captain Marvel and the Earth itself, she neutralizes them with explosive zeal.

• The threat answered for now, Captain Marvel sends a defeated Yon-Rogg back to Hala to

let the Supreme Intelligence know that she’s coming back to finish the job and end the war.

• Before she leaves to help the Skrull refugees find a new homeworld and to stop the Kree-Skrull war, Captain Marvel gives Fury an improved pager that will allow him to call her home in “emergencies only.”

1999: Tony Stark travels to Bern, Switzerland for a New Year’s Eve party where he meets Maya Hansen and Ho Yinsen. Disabled scientist Aldrich Killian requests funding from Stark for his think tank Advanced Idea Mechanics (A.I.M.), but is rudely rebuffed. Hansen later reveals her work on the Extremis virus to Stark.

2005 (Bruce Banner accidentally becomes the Hulk): Dr. Bruce Banner, a nuclear physicist, was tasked by the United States Armed Forces to study radiation resistance. However, according to S.H.I.E.L.D. documents, Thaddeus Ross, the organizer of the scientific effort, tricked Banner and his girlfriend, Betty Ross to recreate the SSR’s Super Soldier Program. After an accident, Banner was exposed to gamma radiation, which transforms him into the Hulk whenever he becomes angry.

2009 (Tony Stark’s captivity in Afghanistan by the Ten Rings):

Tony Stark, before his captivity, was regarded as a CEO whose genius equaled his recklessness. Many saw Stark as a party animal. However, public opinion around him changed upon his return from Afghanistan, since he stopped partying (as much) and ceased Stark

Industries’ weapons program. The Ten Rings, the most dangerous Middle Eastern terrorist organization, killed all of Stark’s escort, captured Stark, and left him scarred with a miniature arc reactor inside his chest that prevents a piece of shrapnel from piercing his heart. The event forever changed Stark, and it undoubtedly created Iron Man.

2009 (Iron Man is spotted battling the Ten Rings in Gulmira, Afghanistan):

Following Stark’s captivity, he took much time into perfecting his Iron Man suit. According to both interviews and S.H.I.E.L.D. records, Stark spent several weeks applying trial and error to his Mark II and III suits. The Mark III was eventually used to combat the Ten Rings in Gulmira, where Stark used the situation of getting revenge to also test out his new suit. The defeat of the Ten Rings in Gulmira became highly sensationalized by the global press, with people wondering who Iron Man was.

2009 (Iron Man and Obadiah Stane battle, destroying Stark’s Arc Reactor): Obadiah Stane, Stark’s right-hand man in Stark Industries, was revealed to have hired the Ten Rings to kill Tony Stark in Afghanistan. Pepper Potts, Stark’s assistant, uncovered Stane’s plot by downloading files off his computer. Driven with rage, Stane commanded Stark Industries’ scientists to create a larger suit for him, as well as a smaller Arc Reactor. After the scientists could not accomplish this, Stane stole Stark’s miniaturized arc reactor from his chest. After S.H.I.E.L.D. agents failed to detain Stane, as he was equipped with Stark’s Mark I armor, Tony Stark eventually fought him. The duel ended with Stane’s death when the larger Arc Reactor blew up. However, S.H.I.E.L.D. attempted to cover up his death by saying he disappeared on a private plane during vacation.

2009 (Tony Stark Reveals that he is Iron Man): After the battle with Stane, Tony Stark was left battered and bruised. A press conference was required the next day to explain the explosion of Stark Industries’ Arc Reactor and Stane’s disappearance. Tony Stark used this time to state that he is Iron Man, going against S.H.I.E.L.D. advice.

2010 (Tony Stark defends his actions at a U.S. Senate hearing): Being credited with stabilizing East-West relations using his Iron Man suits, the U.S. Senate commanded Tony Stark to hand over the Iron Man suits to the American military program, so that the United

States military could begin experimentation and replication. Stark refused to hand over anything related to his Iron Man suits and defended his actions in front of the world while embarrassing Hammer Industries by revealing Justin Hammer’s attempts of making an Iron Man suit. The U.S. decided not to pursue these military interests any further.

2010 (Thaddeus Ross and Emil Blonksy attempt to subdue the Hulk at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): Thaddeus Ross and Emil Blonsky were part of a U.S. Military group tasked with finding and apprehending Bruce Banner. Tracing Banner to Rio de Janeiro, they accidentally angered Banner and he turned into the Hulk, causing damage to the city. Banner escaped Ross’ and Blonsky’s capture attempt. Only Blonsky survived the assault.

2010 (Iron Man and Ivan Vanko duel at Monaco): Stark, at a trip at Monaco, where the Monaco Grand Prix was being held, decided to ride in the Formula One race instead of his Stark Industries driver. While he was driving, Ivan Vanko attacked Stark. Stark ended up battling Vanko and apprehended him. Not as well documented though, was the massive damage to Monaco and cancellation of the Grand Prix.

2010 (Battle at Stark Expo): When Vanko broke out of jail with the aid of Justin Hammer, they collaborated to disgrace Tony Stark. The duo ended up attacking the Stark Expo with armored drones. Stark and Lt. Col. Rhodes were able to fend off the drones and attack Vanko. Vanko was successfully defeated, and he self-destructed his suit. Justin Hammer was apprehended by Black Widow and Stark’s driver/bodyguard: Happy Hogan.

2010 (Thor lands on Earth and duels an extraterrestrial being):

S.H.I.E.L.D. documents reveal that the organization detected two seismic events that occurred on Earth in the Western United States. When agents arrived at the seismic events, they found Mjolnir, Thor’s weapon, in the bottom of a large crater. Agents tried to move the hammer but were unable to do so. The second crater was created by Thor, who escaped the scene before agents arrived. Days later, an extraterrestrial being, known as the Destroyer as per Thor’s arriva; on Earth and began attacking the town of Puente Antiguo. Thor eventually was able to destroy the being and disappeared from Earth.

2010 (Hulk battles US Armed Forces at Culver University): While a battle was being waged at Puente Antiguo, the Hulk fought with General Thaddeus Ross’ group at Culver University. The Hulk was able to defeat Ross’ men and the Hulk fled with Betty Ross, Thaddeus’ daughter. This defeat led to Emil Blonsky testing the Super Soldier Serum on himself.

2010 (Hulk battles “Abomination” at Harlem): Banner and Betty Ross’ journey ended up leading them to Harlem, where Banner sought the help of Samuel Sterns, a scientist who could possibly revert Banner back to his normal self. When General Ross and Blonsky successfully detained Betty Ross and Banner, Blonsky mixed the super soldier serum with

gamma radiation and transformed into the “Abomination.” Gen. Ross eventually gave permission for Banner to transform into the Hulk to stop “Abomination” from wreaking havoc on Harlem. The Hulk and Abomination had a destructive fight, but eventually the Hulk was victorious and escaped once again.

2010 (The World Security Council approves Nick Fury’s Plan of the Avengers Initiative): The World Security Council was a coalition of the most powerful people regarding international security and diplomacy. Citing events such as Thor’s appearance on Earth and Hulk’s transformation, Nick Fury requested the WSC that the Avengers Initiative become active. The WSC approved Fury’s plan, and Fury began to gather “enhanced individuals” for his ideal team.

2011 (Steve Rogers wakes up from cryosleep in New York City): The discovery of Rogers cryogenically frozen in the Arctic Ocean led S.H.I.E.L.D. to keep him safe and revive him. When Rogers woke from cryosleep, he roamed the streets of Times Square, to much bewilderment at the change of New York City. Nick Fury met Rogers and began to explain his predicament, as well as set up a rehabilitation program for Rogers. Fury had the intention of recruiting Rogers into the Avengers Initiative.

2012 (Destruction of S.H.I.E.L.D.’s Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. at the hands of Loki):

Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. sought to study the Tesseract and its capabilities. Based in a crater caused by Thor near Puente Antiguo, Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. heavily protected its main project, the Tesseract, using S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as a security detail. However, as an Asgardian, Loki, was able to steal the Tesseract, overpower the S.H.I.E.L.D. agents, and destroy Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S., killing dozens of people.

2012 (The Battle of New York): Loki’s misadventures took him from Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S., Germany, a S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier, and finally New York City. The Avengers, consisting of Steve Rogers (Captain America), Tony Stark (Iron Man), Natasha Romanoff (Black Widow), Thor, Bruce Banner (The Hulk), and Clint Barton (Hawkeye), confronted Loki and the Chitauri, an alien race Loki cooperated with, at New York City. The damage was near catastrophic, and the WSC felt forced to launch a nuke at New York City to stop the Chitauri invasion from spreading to the rest of the Earth. Stark manually steered this nuke with his suit and guided it to the wormhole where the Chitauri were invading from, successfully eliminating the Chitauri threat.Thor apprehended Loki, and the two went back to Asgard. By the end of the battle, New York City was heavily damaged with billions of dollars in property damage and there were numerous casualties.

2012 (Aldrich Killian’s War): Aldrich Killian began a campaign against the world by engineering and deploying the Extremis Virus, a virus that can give some people superhuman

powers, while others turn into ticking time bombs. Following the beginning of Killian’s war, many of the Extremis victims self-destructed, causing many civilian casualties around the world. The explosions would be claimed by a terrorist named the Mandarin. Ultimately, after Stark’s driver/bodyguard, Happy Hogan, was severely injured in an Extremis blast, Stark sought to find the Mandarin and stop his plans. Stark determined that the Mandarin was a ruse and Aldrich Killian was behind the bombings. After the President of the United States was kidnapped, Stark followed Killian and was successful in stopping him and his plans. Subsequently, Stark’s Iron Legion (a fleet of autonomous Iron man suits) was destroyed except for Colonel Rhodes’ suit. However, Tony Stark still continued to create Iron Man suits for himself and Rhodes.

2013: Thor Battles Dark Elves in London

2014 (HYDRA’s Infiltration of S.H.I.E.L.D.): Many people around the world saw S.H.I.E.L.D. as a beacon for peace and prosperity, fighting the fights most governments could not. Little could have predicted that S.H.I.E.L.D. would be infiltrated by the very enemy they swore to defeat. HYDRA’s Infiltration of S.H.I.E.L.D. led to the destruction of the Triskelion (S.H.I.E.L.D.’s headquarters), billions of dollars in property damage in Washington D.C., dozens of Americans killed, and S.H.I.E.L.D.’s disgrace by the United Nations and in the eyes of people around the world. Another aspect of the attack was that Natasha Romanoff (Black Widow) released all the records of S.H.I.E.L.D. These files were crucial to exposing more of a world of extraordinary technologies, enhanced humans, and extraterrestrial occurrences that we little understood before.

2015 (Attack on the United Nations Headquarters): A speech given by Brigadier General Glenn Talbot of the United States Air Force at the United Nations was met with gunfire when S.H.I.E.L.D. agents burst into the room and fired upon the United Nations assembly. Several UN representatives were killed. It was later determined that the S.H.I.E.L.D. agents were HYDRA agents in disguise.

2015 (The Avengers freely attack HYDRA bases in Sudan and Sokovia): In a controversial move, taking the fight to HYDRA since S.H.I.E.L.D. could no longer publicly do it, the Avengers freely attacked HYDRA bases in Sudan and Sokovia. Ignoring sovereign borders and without the permission of these governments, the Avengers successfully destroyed HYDRA bases in these two nations but also caused massive collateral damage. An international debate started between the importance of peace and the importance of international security.

2015 (Ultron Offensive causes damage in Johannesburg, Seoul, and Sokovia): Ultron - a creation of Tony Stark for policing the world, crime, and attacks against humanity - ended up turning on the Avengers and obtaining sentience. With the goal of destroying humanity, Ultron battled the Avengers in South Africa, South Korea, and Sokovia. The Hulk wreaked havoc in

Johannesburg, leading to many casualties and significant property damage. In Seoul, a skirmish between Ultron and the Avengers led to more property damage and civilian casualties. The most significant event, however, occurred in Sokovia, when Ultron was able to successfully lift a Sokovian city into the air with the intent of slamming it back into the Earth generate a massive extinction-level explosion. The city was destroyed before it could crash into the Earth and Ultron was destroyed. The destruction of the city, the battle between the Avengers and Ultron, the fact that Ultron was created by Stark, and the disappearance of Thor and the Hulk led to a massive public outcry against the Avengers’ actions.

2015: The New Avengers facility officially opens (in record time), but Hawkeye returns to his wife and newborn son, Stark appears to retire, Banner is AWOL, and Thor is pursuing answers to his visions on Asgard. Captain America and Black Widow prepare to train the New Avengers: Vision, Scarlet Witch, Falcon, and War Machine.

2015: Scott Lang is released from prison. Darren Cross presents his Yellowjacket suit during a meeting with Pym Technologies and other companies while also privately revealing to Hank Pym that he knows of his past as Ant-Man. Pym plans to put a stop to Cross’ efforts. Lang infiltrates Pym Technologies HQ and battles Cross, who dons the Yellowjacket suit. The battle continues at Lang’s ex-wife’s house in his daughter’s bedroom where Cross is defeated. His plans to sell his tech to HYDRA are foiled when Cross is killed by Lang shrinking into the Quantum Realm to destroy the suit.Lang figures out a way to emerge from the Quantum Realm, but forgets it upon his sudden enlargement.

2016 (Large wave of deadly vigilantism in New York City): In New York City, following the Battle of New York, several vigilantes rose up in the city and built quite the track record, seemingly being “enhanced individuals.” The three most important being the vigilantes named Daredevil, the Punisher, and Spider-Man. The Daredevil brutally attacks criminals, leaving many heavily injured, but stops said criminals from committing crimes and leaves them behind for police to arrest. The Punisher is much more chaotic, often killing mobsters, gangsters, and other criminals using a seemingly large arsenal of weaponry to not just prevent crime but also executing them rather than allowing the law to take its course. Spider-Man is much more of a hero than a vigilante for New York City. He often operates during the day and helps with both major and petty crimes such as theft or stopping cars about to ram into buses. He is an internet sensation and is very popular in the city.

2016 (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action A.K.A. Iran Nuclear and Suit Deal): Concerned with Iran’s relentless pursuit of a nuclear and Iron Man suit program, the global community sought for an agreement between the P5+Germany and Iran to limit the

progress of the nuclear and Iron Man suit program. Iran accepted the deal and went under the supervision of a UN-approved board to monitor their progress, which was stifled under the agreement.

2016 (Incident of Lagos; Emergency General Assembly meeting called): On May 3rd, the Avengers - fresh with new recruits such as Falcon, Scarlet Witch, and Vision - Rogers and Romanoff took to stopping a heist at the Institute for Infectious Diseases in Lagos, Nigeria. When Rogers attempted to subdue Brock Rumlow, a disavowed S.H.I.E.L.D. agent and HYDRA soldier, Rumlow detonated his bomb vest. Wanda Maximoff (Codename: Scarlet Witch) attempted to contain the explosion but released it into a multistory building filled with humanitarian aid workers. The incident, killing dozens of Nigerians and Wakandans, was a public relations catastrophe, and many around the world called for the United Nations to create a source for accountability. An emergency session was called in the United Nations General Assembly, in recognition of a new movement calling for the Avengers’ accountability.

2016: The UN releases the Sokovia Accords following deliberation over the attack in Lagos. Stark signs the Sokovia Accords, registering him under the control of the federal government. He believes control and restriction of the Avengers will prevent needless destruction and death. Steve Rogers refuses to sign the agree

May 4th, 2016 (On the Fourth Anniversary of the Avengers’ battle at New York, COSHB is established):

After a day of debate, the 1st Committee of the United Nations General Assembly (DISEC) saw fit to create a new committee. The 7th Committee of the United Nations General Assembly, or the Control of Enhanced Individuals Committee, abbreviated to COSHB, opened admissions to 40 nations, giving priorities to those that have been affected by “enhanced individuals” in the past. These 40 nations were chosen based on economic development, geographic area, and whether the nation has been affected by “enhanced individuals.” The first meeting for the assembly is May 5th, 2016, where COSHB is tasked to debate the feasibility of accountability, public relations, and control of enhanced individuals, amongst many other subtopics.

2016: Wakandan king T’Chaka publicly supports the Sokovia Accords. The Avengers are given three days to sign the accords or they will be forced to resign. Romanoff, Rhodes, and Vision side with Stark, while Wilson and Maximoff disagree and side with Rogers.

• Bucky Barnes is blamed for the bombing. T’Challa, a.k.a. Black Panther, swears vengeance on him, while Rogers and Wilson head to Bucharest to reach the Winter Soldier first.

• War Machine arrests Captain America, Black Panther, and the Winter Soldier in Bucharest after a tense battle. They arrive at the Joint Counter-Terrorist Centre along with Sam Wilson.

• Helmut Zemo infiltrates the facility and triggers the Winter Soldier, forcing him to divulge the details of a secret mission and the HYDRA Siberian Facility where he was held. He then orders the Winter Soldier to attack Rogers, Sharon Carter, Black Widow, and even the Black Panther before fleeing.

• Upon recapturing Bucky, Captain American learns that Zemo likely plans to thaw out the other Winter Soldiers. Rogers calls on Hawkeye and recruits Ant-Man for help. Hawkeye breaks Scarlet Witch out of the New Avengers compound to join the team; she uses her powers to subdue Vision temporarily.

• Stark and Black Widow, meanwhile, call in Black Panther, War Machine, and Spider-Man, whom Stark gifts a scholarship and a new costume.

• The battle at Flughafen Leipzig-Halle airport occurs between the heroes with Captain America, Falcon, Scarlet Witch, Ant-Man, Hawkeye, and Winter Soldier taking on Iron Man, War Machine, Vision, Spider-Man, Black Widow, and Black Panther.

• The airport is substantially damaged in the battle and War Machine becomes paralyzed from a fall. Captain America and Winter Soldier manage to escape and fly to Siberia to defeat Zemo thanks to Black Widow switching sides. Falcon, Scarlet Witch, Hawkeye and Ant-Man are arrested.

• Stark is alerted to Zemo’s frame-up, learns of his own mistake, and visits the imprisoned Avengers to learn of Captain America’s plan to stop the villain from Falcon, promising to go to Siberia as an ally. Black Panther covertly tracks Iron Man on his journey to seek revenge on the Winter Soldier. At the HYDRA facility, Captain America, Winter Soldier, and Iron Man temporarily put their differences aside to defeat Zemo, but they discover that the remaining Winter Soldiers have all been killed by Zemo. He reveals his plan to tear the Avengers apart due to their role in the death of his family. Black Panther overhears this, and withdraws from the impending battle. He later spares Zemo’s life and prevents him from committing suicide so that he can head to prison.

• Zemo reveals the Winter Soldier’s hand in the death of Stark’s parents and Iron Man attacks both Bucky and Captain America. Winter Soldier’s metal arm is lost and Iron Man’s Arc Reactor is damaged, making his armor useless. Captain

America leaves his shield behind since it was created by Stark’s father and “he doesn’t deserve it” as Stark says.

• T’Challa delivers Zemo to the Joint Counter-Terrorist Centre in Berlin, accompanied by Rogers and Barnes who fly with him to Wakanda.

• After being set free from his imprisonment in the Raft (A Superhero Prison), Scott

Lang struck a plea bargain and remained under house arrest with Luis for two years. Meanwhile, Hank Pym and Hope van Dyne are on the run from the law due to the Sokovia Accords. Rather than sign on for government oversight, they shrank the lab itself down and went into hiding.

2016: • After numerous failed surgeries, Stephen Strange meets with Joseph Pangborn

and learns of the mystical Kamar-Taj. He spends the last of his funds to travel to Nepal.

• Strange is eventually admitted into Kamar-Taj where he meets Karl Mordo and the Ancient One and begins his training in the mystical arts.

• Peter Parker ditches the Midtown High School Homecoming dance in order to take down the Vulture, a.k.a. Adrian Toomes.

• The battle at the Hong Kong sanctum goes poorly until Strange uses the Eye of Agamotto to reverse time, save the Sanctum’s Masters from death, and undo the destruction to the city. Kaecilius breaks free of the spell and manages to summon Dormammu’s Dark Dimension anyway since it is “beyond time.’

• Strange travels into the Dark Dimension and creates a time loop that eventually forces Dormammu to bargain with the sorcerer after many, many, many deaths.

• Strange ends the loop only after Dormammu banishes himself from Earth along with Kaecilius and the Zealots, who he transforms into Mindless Ones and pulls into the Dark Dimension.

• Mordo leaves the Masters of the Mystic Arts, disillusioned by The Ancient One’s reveal.

• Thor visits Doctor Strange requesting assistance in finding Odin. Strange agrees, on the condition that Thor and Loki immediately return to Asgard once Odin is located.

• T’Challa’s family and friends defeat the uprising with T’Challa himself mortally wounding Killmonger, who decides to die a free man rather than be healed and imprisoned.

T’Challa sits with his cousin while the sun sets over a briefly divided and soon-to-begin-healing nation of Wakanda.

2017

• In search of the Infinity Stones, Thor seeks out (and is captured by) the fire demon Surtur in the realm of Muspelheim. Surtur is destined to bring about Ragnarok–the destruction of Asgard–but not just yet since Thor defeats him and takes his crown as a trophy.

• Loki, meanwhile, has been enjoying his disguise as Odin for years now, but Thor puts a stop to that party when he returns home to Asgard. The brothers are reunited in their quest to find their father, Odin, and with the assistance of Doctor Strange, they travel to Norway to say farewell to their dying father.

• With Odin’s death comes the release of Hela, the banished Goddess of Death, form her millennia-long imprisonment. The first clash between Hela and her brothers ends with her destruction of Mjolnir and their flight to the bifrost bridge.

• Loki and the surviving gladiators, including Korg and Miek, arrive on Asgard to act as a lifeboat to rescue the Asgardian citizens. Skurge sacrifices himself to save his fellow Asgardians in a redemptive final act. While Thor, Hulk, and Valkyrie distract Hela, Loki liberates the crown of Surtur (possibly swiping the tesseract in the process) and summons the fire demon using the Eternal Flame, the only entity who can bring about Ragnarok and defeat Hela, at the price of the destruction of Asgard. KING THOR MAKES THE DECISION TO COME TO EARTH

2018:

• Lang travels back into the Quantum Realm through Pym / Van Dyne’s portable Quantum Tunnel, while Hank, Hope, and Janet work the controls from the outside. Unfortunately, Thanos’ genocidal snap occurs at just the wrong time, dusting the three of them and trapping Lang in the Quantum Realm

• Thanos Arrives: claims the final Infinity Stones and “Snaps” away 50% of Earth life

• Thanos is killed by Thor and the Avengers

The Topics:

There are two topics that are most important when discussing the issues of “enhanced individuals.” The topics have a wide variety of subtopics and nuances that need to be discussed during conference. Of course, the topics are meant to be broad. The subtopics, on the other hand, are recommendations on what can be discussed. The mentioned subtopics can be discussed, or if the delegation wishes to debate on other subtopics that fit under the purview of Topic A or B, then that subtopic is open for discussion. Topic A goes through the Control and Accountability of Enhanced Individuals, while Topic B goes through how the United Nations, the world, and its governments should create guidelines to scenarios necessitating the use of enhanced individuals.

Topic A (Control and Accountability of Enhanced Individuals)

There are four recommended subtopics that can compose the discussion of Topic A. Although these subtopics are recommended, COSHB can debate on any relevant subtopic that both pertains to Topic A and can gather the support of discussion for the rest of the delegates. The subtopics are recommended since their discussion is meant to, form a cohesive foundation for the overall understanding of Topic A and the committee’s goals.

Recommended Subtopic A-1: (Accountability from “Enhanced Individuals”):

Following the many battles and duels caused by “enhanced individuals” such as the Avengers, the total cost of damage on the international scale has led to hundreds of billions of American dollars lost. The governments and taxpayers of these nations despise having to suffer significant financial costs at the seemingly reckless expense of “enhanced individuals.” Additionally, the Avengers constantly ignore sovereign borders to attack HYDRA bases, extraterrestrial threats, or any other enemies that are a threat to the world. Many nations around the world want to charge “enhanced individuals” for illegally crossing borders, extrajudicial assault or murder, and property damage. However, many other nations wish to turn a blind eye towards these crimes, due to the help that has been provided by these same heroes. Nations that follow loose control tend to vie for pardoning all “enhanced individuals” of any crimes committed before a COSHB resolution is passed. Moderate activists are on the fence about this proposal from the loose activists but believe that the strict activists’ proposals of punishing every “enhanced individual” for their crimes are too harsh. There are several questions to ask to properly understand this topic:

• Regarding property damage, should “enhanced individuals” be expected to pay?

• Regarding illegally crossing borders, what should be done with “enhanced individuals” that routinely cross borders illegally, given proper context and reasoning?

• Regarding extrajudicial assault or murder, how should these crimes be handled, given proper context and reasoning?

Recommended Subtopic A-2 (Registration and Surveillance of Enhanced Individuals): The registration and surveillance of “enhanced individuals” has become a topic of fierce debate in many nations. Nations of differing governing ideologies have different opinions on what an “enhanced individual” should be subjected to. Some argue that the registration and surveillance of “enhanced individuals” goes against their human rights, as constant surveillance and supervision by a larger entity oversteps the boundaries of what the United Nations has argued in the UN Charter for Human Rights. The opposite argument is that “enhanced individuals” are given abilities that makes them not human, but superhuman, and that the world risks its international security from “enhanced individuals’” seemingly criminal actions. Incidents such as a private organization ignoring nations’ sovereign borders (as is the case in the incidents in Nigeria, South Africa, South Korea, etc.) and collateral damage from various events around the world involving “enhanced individuals” utilizing their powers have shown that there significant consequences to allow “enhanced individuals” to freely move without supervision. While these incidents have been for fighting powerful, civilization-threatening entities such as HYDRA or Ultron, these actions in a broader sense cannot be easily ignored. The questions the delegates should consider are as follows:

• Should “enhanced individuals” be subject to registration?

• How does the UN Charter of Human Rights apply to “enhanced individuals?”

• Should criminal actions be nullified even in the event of saving others?

• If “enhanced individuals” need to be kept under surveillance, who should watch them?

Recommended Subtopic A-3 (Transferring Power from Private to Public Entities): Many “enhanced individuals”, such as the Avengers, work under the guise of a private organization or private company. Tony Stark’s armor schematics are kept under Stark Industries’ control. The Avengers are a part of a private organization that gets its funding

from Stark Industries. Naturally, many of these private organizations, as we have seen with S.H.I.E.L.D. and the Avengers, keep many secrets from the world. Whether they believe it was for the safety of the world is up for debate but following the Infiltration of S.H.I.E.L.D. the United Nations learned that their tactics and unreported activities were extremely dubious in international law. The privacy that the world has given these groups in the past has led to organizations such as S.H.I.E.L.D. to undergo morally questionable missions. There are some questions regarding this subtopic:

• What private organizations harbor “enhanced individuals”?

• Do the subpoenaed private organizations need to transfer to public control?

• If private organizations become a public entity, who should control them?

• How open should the public entity be with their missions regarding “enhanced individuals?”

Subtopic A-4 (Enhanced Individuals’ Penalties to Breaking the Resolution’s Guidelines) It is without a doubt that several enhanced individuals in the world are more inclined to disobey any resolution that COSHB creates. Inversely, there are many who would support facing accountability for their actions against the world and its people. Laws were created to keep the people in check from committing any morally dubious actions. The same must be done against “enhanced individuals,” whose extrajudicial actions exceed most laws, even in the name of saving others. However, COSHB must discuss what penalties should be had on private organizations and “enhanced individuals” if they violate any guidelines or laws that this committee determines are necessary. These are some questions that must be answered:

• What actions constitute breaking the resolution’s guidelines?

• Should criminal “enhanced individuals” be charged with breaking national or international law?

• Where should criminal “enhanced individuals” be held for their crimes?

• What happens to a criminal “enhanced individual” when their prison sentence is over?

Topic B (Guidelines to Scenarios Necessitating the Use of Enhanced Individuals) Topic B discusses the numerous consequences that can occur in the event of extraterrestrial phenomena, national disasters, and other numerous potentially world-ending events that can be solved with using “enhanced individuals” such as the Avengers. It is COSHB’s responsibility to set up guidelines that can permit “enhanced individuals” to use their abilities in dire situations where humanity faces a potentially catastrophic event. There are four recommended subtopics. The first deals with humanitarian programs that can be set up after devastating events. The second discusses what events necessitate the use of “enhanced individuals” such as the Avengers. The third asks who should be held accountable if the controlled “enhanced individuals” cause mass damage. The fourth and final subtopic asks if there should be a UN organization created to possibly combat any phenomena that can threaten the world, instead of using “enhanced individuals.”

Recommended Subtopic B-1 (Setting Up Humanitarian Programs): Since the Battle of New York, the amount of damage around the world caused by “enhanced individuals” has seen varied, unyielding in its indiscriminate attacks upon people of different nationalities and economies. Many developed economies believe that humanitarian programs should be set up for every nation, regardless of their economic standing. However, developing nations believe that the money would be best suited for aiding themselves first, rather than other, wealthier nations. Many developing nations believe that nations such as the United States should not obtain as much, if at all, humanitarian funding as Sokovia, even though they suffered similar amounts of property damage, since the United States is wealthier than Sokovia. This debate needs several questions to be answered:

• Should damaged developed nations obtain the same amount of humanitarian funding as damaged developing nations?

• Should all nations provide humanitarian funding or a group of nations?

• Should there be a limit on how much humanitarian aid each nation obtains?

• How much property damage justifies receiving humanitarian funding

Recommended Subtopic B-2 (Events Requiring “Enhanced Individuals”): The world owes the Avengers a resounding debt. They have undeniably saved the world numerous times, at times without any recognition from the world. It is foolish to assume

that potentially world-ending events will never occur again. The Avengers will be needed again. However, many nations believe that there should be a criterion for when “enhanced individuals” can be allowed to fight. Most nations do not believe that the Avengers can be let loose to hunt down common criminals or even those with advanced technologies or low-level enhanced abilities. However, the same nations will agree that in the event of massive life-threatening phenomena, the Avengers can be called upon. These are some questions that should be answered:

• What sort of events can the nations of the world solve on their own?

• What events can COSHB call upon “enhanced individuals” to resolve?

• What should be done with “enhanced individuals” that break COSHB’s guidelines to fight a threat?

Recommended Subtopic B-3 (Accountability for “Enhanced Individuals” Under Public Control): It is not wrong for people around the world to believe that accountability needs to be enforced over “enhanced individuals.” Whether or not these individuals will be held accountable is up to debate in COSHB. However, if COSHB is to expect that “enhanced individuals” need to be monitored and placed under international control, COSHB should expect that they will be held accountable if “enhanced individuals,” under international control, cause unnecessary or excessive damage. If we are to expect that the current Avengers organization needs accountability, then an internationally-controlled Avengers will also need to be held accountable. Some questions that may need to be answered:

• If “enhanced individuals” are placed under international control, should the individuals face accountability or those that control them?

• Granted that international entities control “enhanced individuals”, and accountability should be applied, what measures should be taken to apply accountability to the international entities?

• What should happen to an international entity that refuses to abide by accountability applications?

Recommended Subtopic B-4 (The Creation of an International Organization Replacing the Avengers): Many times, the United Nations is asked if there could be a public

organization that can be created to combat what the Avengers combat. An organization to fight existential threats without “enhanced individuals.” Several nations believe that it cannot be done, that the enemies that the Avengers and its people have fought against so far are extremely powerful to the point that, nobody can replace the Avengers. However, those that support a replacement cite Bruce Banner’s capture in 2010, Natasha Romanoff’s and Clint Barton’s success in the Avengers, and Tony Stark’s technology as being the foundation for an organization that can replace the Avengers. Many believe with international cooperation, proper training, the right tools for defense, and suitable leadership, a very capable international defense can be created. Questions that should be answered are:

• Could the international community create an organized group committed to defense against potentially world-ending events?

• Where will this group get their weapons, tools, and funding from?

• Who should control the group?

• What are the requirements for being a part of this group?

Countries debating the Issues presented

Afghanistan: Afghanistan has had contact with Iron Man and War Machine before. However, Iron Man and War Machine are heroes to them, doing what years of American military occupation could not do: taking down the Ten Rings, a terrorist organization that plagued the Afghan people for years, with just a few incursions. Both Iron Man and War Machine have done a great service to Afghanistan. It is because of this, Afghanistan believes that loose control over “enhanced individuals” is the best route for COSHB, the only Middle Eastern country to believe so. Their economy is developing, as well, so a push for international funding might hurt the Afghan economy.

Argentina: Argentina has not had any known contact with “enhanced individuals.” Given so, Argentina has relied on many of its views on its own culture and nation and hypothesized on what would happen if “enhanced individuals” were to create an incident in Argentina. Realizing that the Argentina’s integrity, economy, and people might be compromised in an incident with “enhanced individuals”, Argentina has concluded that moderate control is the most plausible

solution. Argentina’s economy is developed, so a burden of international funding project will not be a burden on the economy.

Austria: Austria has had contact with Black Widow before, due to her missions to assassinate some targets for both the KGB and S.H.I.E.L.D. However, this would not have been known without Black Widow’s leaking of S.H.I.E.L.D. information. Austria, a European nation that has seen the damage done in Sokovia, the United States, and in Monaco, has concluded that it would be a risk to not only national security, but also to European security if “enhanced individuals” continue to run amok ignoring national borders and creating destructive property damage. Argentina concludes that a strict control of “enhanced individuals” is the best route for international security and for COSHB. Austria’s economy is developed, so they can handle the burden of an international funding project.

Brazil: Brazil has had contact with the Hulk before. When General Ross and Emil Blonsky sought to take down the Hulk in Rio de Janeiro, the Hulk brought devastation to Brazilians and Americans. However, Brazil realizes that the Hulk is an unstable “enhanced individual” and if the same scenario was to occur again but instead with someone such as Iron Man, the outcome would be different. Because of this, Brazil concludes that a moderate control of “enhanced individuals” is necessary. Brazil’s economy is also developing, but rather large. Given this, the Brazilian people may not be able to efficiently balance an international funding project with its own domestic needs.

Canada*: Canada is one of the many countries on this list that has not had contact with “enhanced individuals” before. A Western nation, Canada is allied with many of the nations and follows in the footsteps of many of its allied nations. However, a policy that Canada seems to drift from its allies is controlling “enhanced individuals”. They are neither strict or moderate, believing that the world is much safer without interfering with the well-being and operations of “enhanced individuals.” Because of this, Canada states that a loose control of “enhanced individuals” is best. Canada’s economy is developed and would be able to support an international funding project.

Colombia: Colombia is also a nation that has not had known contact with “enhanced individuals” before. Colombia is Latin American and wishes to be a representative for the surrounding nations in its area. Colombia, still fighting the guerillas in their country, see little need for bearing down on “enhanced individuals.” Colombians look to many “enhanced individuals” as symbols of hope that fight evil around the globe. However, they also believe that unstable “enhanced individuals” could pose a threat to people. Colombia believes that a loose control of all “enhanced individuals” is pertinent but may change policies depending on the instability of more dangerous “enhanced individuals.” Given that many of its resources are

placed on fighting the guerrillas, and that the Colombian economy is developing, the nation would not be able to balance an international funding project with its own needs.

Cuba: Cuba is one of the few Latin American nations on this list, however, unlike most of the other nations on this list, has an authoritarian regime. This simple fact also means that Cuba withholds much of the information it gives the United Nations. The United Nations does know that “enhanced individuals” have not directly caused damage to Cuba. Cuba withholds its economic development and their stance on “enhanced individuals.” Why Cuba withholds this information is uncertain, but it is speculated that they favor moderate or strict control of “enhanced individuals.” The United Nations does not know how strong the Cuban economy is, but since Cuba has timelessly proved its ability for humanitarian aid, we believe that Cuba is a viable candidate for an international funding project.

Democratic People's Republic of Korea: If Cuba withholds information to the United Nations, then the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea does not allow one single document regarding their country to leave the nation. The secretive nature of North Korea begs the question of whether the nation has ulterior motives to gain from COSHB and from “enhanced individuals” in general. The United Nations does not know the economic development of North Korea, and we speculate that they would support strict control of “enhanced individuals.”

Finland: Finland is one of the two nations representing the Scandinavian region. Finland is a nation that has been affected indirectly by “enhanced individuals,” mostly by worldwide economic disruptions caused by “enhanced individuals.” With that, Finland is willing to cooperate with COSHB to create a comprehensive resolution dedicated to controlling “enhanced individuals.” They believe in moderate control. The Finnish economy, being developed, can handle an international funding project and is willing to dedicate its resources.

France: France is a strong European nation with a stable economy, suitable military, NATO and EU member. All these qualities lead France to be a suitable representation of the Western European nations. France has informed the United Nations that they have been indirectly affected by “enhanced individuals” due to the economic disruptions with the involvement of “enhanced individuals.” France knows these disruptions threaten the stability of the EU and NATO. Given this knowledge, France vies for moderate control of “enhanced individuals.” The developed French economy can handle an international funding project and is willing to dedicate its resources to providing accountability to these “enhanced individuals.”

Germany: Germany has had a long and complicated history with “enhanced individuals,” The Nazi regime focused heavily on creating super soldiers capable of bolstering their war machine but came into conflict with the rest of the world. They relied on HYDRA to do this, and

eventually HYDRA betrayed the Nazi cause. Eventually, HYDRA was successful in weaponizing the Tesseract, only to be stopped by Steve Rogers and his Howling Commandos. Following the war and HYDRA’s defeat, HYDRA went underground, with outposts still scattered across Germany. S.H.I.E.L.D. reports detail that all outposts are now destroyed, but the threat of HYDRA persisted in Germany for decades longer. Germany currently faces the threat of the European Union breaking apart due to recent economic burdens they face. It will be a topic that they will discuss during the COSHB conference. Germany believes that moderate control is the ideal route to follow. Germany also has a developed economy, capable of undertaking international funding projects.

India: India has had a few run-ins with “enhanced individuals” in recent history. During Bruce Banner’s travels, he ran into bandit mercenaries who attempted to rob him. The Hulk was subsequently triggered and defended himself against the mercenaries and saved some children. Additionally, Col. James Rhodes sought to destroy Ten Rings cells within India. He attacked a Ten Rings base in Mumbai and defeated them. Seeing only the good that “enhanced individuals” brought to their nation, India has decided that loose control is best for the future of “enhanced individuals.” India has a developing but large economy, it would be better suited for India to focus on its own economy and well-being before focusing on international funding projects.

Indonesia: Indonesia has had no prior history with “enhanced individuals” like most of the nations in the region. Indonesia’s economy has been tarnished by the global attacks and destruction at the hands of “enhanced individuals,” and has been struggling to reignite their efforts. The nations afflicted by these attacks simply put some global trade on hold while they rebuild, many smaller nations taking a hit economically. Indonesia is part of this cycle and believes that moderate control is necessary. Indonesia’s economy, taking a beating due to the global economic instability, cannot afford to undergo an international funding project that COSHB calls for or approves.

Iran: Iran’s relations with the rest of the world are rocky. Many nations believed that the Iranian nuclear program was a critical threat to world stability, but information granted by Tony Stark brought to light that Iran was also pursuing the ability to create Iron Man suits. Although Tony Stark also declared that Iran was years away from creating a functioning Iron Man suit relative to his Mark I, now obsolete compared to his most recent suits, the global community still declared that Iran’s Armored Suit Initiative is as much of a problem as its nuclear program. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, A.K.A. the Iran Nuclear and Suit Deal, was implemented on January 16th, 2016. Despite this, Iran has not had any known contact with “enhanced individuals.” Iran’s government believes, however, that strict control should be pursued. We have every reason to believe that Iran would not support an international funding project and would rather spend the money for its own nation.

Iraq: Iraq, much like Afghanistan, has had a mostly positive experience regarding “enhanced individuals.” When a UN air base was attacked by Iraqi insurgents, killing UN peacekeepers, Iron Man came to the rescue and stopped the insurgents. The Iraqi people, understandably, since the dawn of the 21st century, are a mostly displaced people, especially since the rise of ISIL. Iraq believes in heroes and believe they can help many that require it. Iraq justly believes that loose control is the best route for “enhanced individuals.” However, due to Iraq’s unfortunate economic status, they cannot afford an international funding project.

Italy: Italy’s history with “enhanced individuals” follows mostly from encounters with HYDRA and Steve Rogers during World War II. Some of HYDRA’s bases were in Italy but were destroyed by Rogers and his Howling Commandos. The Hulk was seen in Rome, but no severe damage was reported. S.H.I.E.L.D. documents reveal that the organization operated within Italy to stop suspected HYDRA activity. Italy believes that moderate control is best to pursue. Since Italy’s economy is developed, they can afford to undergo an international funding project.

Japan: Japan is one of the few nations that has not had any little known contact with “enhanced individuals.” The only circumstance that an “enhanced individual” harmed Japan was when Black Widow assisted the Japanese Yakuza in numerous crimes in hopes that she could get closer to their HYDRA contacts. We only know this because of the leaked S.H.I.E.L.D. documents. Japan is not blind to see the damage done with the involvement of “enhanced individuals.” However, Japanese pop culture idolizes the concept of superheroes, and has made many shows, movies, manga, etc. dedicated to or being founded on the concept of “enhanced individuals.” This same culture, however also shows the damage a superhero can cause. With this, Japan believes that moderate control should be pursued. Japan’s economy is developed and can afford an international funding project.

Kenya: Kenya is also another country that has not had involvement with “enhanced individuals.” However, many suspect that Kenya is a prime country involved in the illegal vibranium trade. Vibranium, the hardest material in the world to obtain, does have an illegal trade, with the infamous criminal Ulysses Klaue being responsible for this trade. Besides this, Kenya looks at Lagos and Sokovia as reasons to control “enhanced individuals,” and has declared its support for moderate control. Kenya, however, has a developing economy, and cannot efficiently manage a role in an international funding project.

! ! ! ! ! Malaysia: Malaysia is a Southeastern Asian nation with many Muslims. Malaysia is also another nation that has not had any notable contact with “enhanced individuals.” Malaysia’s Islamic faith and location separates itself from the geopolitics and war-torn landscape of the Middle East, riddled with insurgents and terrorist organizations. Malaysia citing its culture, religion, and

values, believe that moderate control should be pursued. Their economy is developing, and therefore, cannot afford an international funding project.

Mexico: Mexico is also another nation that has not had any known encounters to “enhanced individuals.” As of recent, the drug wars have affected large swathes of northern Mexico, with rival drug cartels vying for power and control of key areas and transfer locations. We can assume that S.H.I.E.L.D. or the Avengers never operated against the cartels, and we can assume that operations such as HYDRA are not involved with the drug wars. Mexico, citing its culture and values, vie for loose control of “enhanced individuals.” Mexico’s economy, although large, has been largely affected by the economic disruptions with the involvement of “enhanced individuals,” and cannot afford to undergo an international funding project.

Monaco: Monaco, the smallest country by both population and surface area in this list, is also home to one of the more shocking attacks with the involvement of “enhanced individuals.” The 2010 Grand Prix attack led to several citizens injured, and the cancellation of the Grand Prix. Monaco relies on much of its economic income through its sports competitions such as the Grand Prix. Following the attack, the infrastructure of Monaco was slightly damaged, and Monaco was still able to resume competitions within the next year. Monaco, citing the attack on the Grand Prix, believes strict control will be the best route for “enhanced individuals.” Monaco’s economy is small but developed and is expected to aid an international funding project.

Nigeria: Nigeria, up until recently, has not been affected by the world of “enhanced individuals.” The Lagos Incident is one of the deadlier attacks with the involvement of “enhanced individuals,” killing a total of 26 people, 11 of them being Wakandan humanitarian workers. Nigeria also was burdened with an estimated $14 million of property damage. This incident led to a national uproar against “enhanced individuals” and for Nigeria requesting international aid. This incident led to Nigeria vying for strict control of “enhanced individuals.” Nigeria’s economy, developing and slightly inefficient, is not expected to effectively handle an international funding project, especially given the Lagos Incident.

Pakistan: Pakistan is fortunate to not be heavily afflicted by “enhanced individuals” in recent history. The nation of Pakistan has an incredibly tense relationship with India, and, with that, seeks to ensure that India does not get granted any more power or influence at the expense of Pakistani wellbeing. Pakistan does agree with India that loose control will positively benefit them. Pakistan’s economy, although large, is developing. The economy is large enough, however, to handle an international funding project if necessary.

People’s Republic of China: China is an important player in the talk for “enhanced individuals” because of their large economy and geopolitical influence. China, however, has not had too many occurrences regarding “enhanced individuals” apart from the Battle of Hong Kong. The Battle of Hong Kong pitched a bioterror situation caused by the Ten Rings and defused by Col. Rhodes. A lot of damage was done to Hong Kong, as Hammer Industries tanks were used by the Ten Rings, but Rhodes successfully defeated the Ten Rings and stopped the tank from self- destructing and releasing its nuclear core. The surrounding damage of Hong Kong slowed economic progress in the city for a few months, harshly affecting the Chinese economy. The Chinese fear that a bigger attack could arrive in one of their cities one day and fear the economic and infrastructural damage it could cause. These worries are why China believes in strict control for “enhanced individuals.” China’s economy, although developing, is among the largest in the world, and is expected to volunteer in an international funding project.

Poland: Poland, like some of the other European nations, have had contact with “enhanced individuals” through Steve Rogers’ campaigns to stop HYDRA. According to S.H.I.E.L.D. documents, the SSR also investigated Poland when information of a deal between Howard Stark and Leviathan, an enemy organization, was occurring. Besides this, Poland has had an easy history with “enhanced individuals,” but worries that something might happen to their nation one day. However, the Polish think that “enhanced individuals” are beneficial for the world, justifying their views on loose control. The Polish economy is developed, due to their partnership with the European Union, but worry that British tensions with the EU may fracture this economic partnership. Either way, the Polish can afford to take part in an international funding project.

Qatar: Qatar is a small Arabian nation that packs a large economic punch. Due to the global reliance on oil, Qatar has made large profits on the natural resource. Oil in the “enhanced individual” world is in higher demand due to the humanitarian projects surging across the world, so prices naturally respond. Oil has gone up in prices globally, caused by OPEC. This has prompted discussions around the world for oil-exporting nations under OPEC to not have as much control in the oil industry. Qatar believes that if any disruption or damage caused by “enhanced individuals” occurs in the nation, the world’s economy and well-being will be at stake, and so believes that moderate control is best. The Qatari economy is very well-developed and would love to be a part of an international funding project.

Romania: Romania’s history with “enhanced individuals” has been largely focused around the Transhumanists. The Transhumanists are “enhanced individuals” that have evolved through cybernetic enhancements, and their history with the Romanian government has been rocky for most of their existence. During the communist regime, the Transhumanists were oppressed and harassed by the Romanian government, as association and fraternizing with the Transhumanists was declared illegal. Following the regime switch from communist to democratic, the laws

loosened, and Transhumanists can freely meet and have full citizenship rights within the country, with an annual Transhumanist meeting in Bucharest. Because of this and seeing that “enhanced individuals” such as the Transhumanists offer benefits to the nation, Romania believes loose control is best. Romania’s economy is also developed and can afford to be a part of an international funding project.

Russian Federation: Russia has had a long and complicated history with “enhanced individuals.” Besides being the birthplace and home to numerous important individuals, such as Anton and Ivan Vanko, Sofia, Emil Blonsky, and Natasha Romanoff, Russia has been the site of uneasy conflict between HYDRA and S.H.I.E.L.D. Both organizations would undergo operations to keep Russia within the influence of either organization. This led to violence within the nation when operatives of both sides would either battle or assassinate Russian officials fraternizing with either HYDRA or S.H.I.E.L.D. Russia’s rich and vibrant history spirals around intelligence, counterintelligence, and spying. These conditions justified Russia to adopt strict control of “enhanced individuals.” The Russian economy, although weak after numerous economic barriers placed on them from nations such as the EU and the United States, is willing to cooperate in an international funding project.

Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia’s political, financial, and cultural motivations are almost identical to Qatar. However, Saudi Arabia is a diverse nation, with a resounding religious foundation. The Saudi government is under a monarchic regime led by the House of Saud. Saudi Arabia’s oil industry is one of the most important industries in the kingdom, with tourism also being a huge industry as well. The troubling tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran, with the most recent amalgamation of poor relations resulting from the Saudi intervention in the Yemeni Civil War, become more palpable as time goes on. Both Iran and Saudi Arabia are harsh rivals to each other, and the slightest threat could threaten the security of the Middle East. “Enhanced individuals” come into play because Saudi Arabia worries of the potential collateral damage that could be done by these unique people, especially due to the high tensions between Iran and itself. Saudi Arabia, understandably, believes that strict control for “enhanced individuals” is best. Saudi Arabia has one of the strongest economies in the world and has volunteered to be a part of any international funding projects that COSHB permits.

Sokovia: Sokovia’s importance within COSHB cannot be overstated. The nation has a troubling history with protest, war, and revolution. As of recently however, no war or revolution led to the massive amount of damage caused by the Ultron Offensive. This event led to the complete destruction of Sokovia’s most populous city: Novi Grad. This event caused $474 billion in property damage and cost the lives of over 174 citizens. Although Sokovia recognizes that without Nick Fury’s aid and the Avengers’ intervention against Ultron, thousands of people could have died; even a total extinction of humanity was possible. However, acknowledging that

Ultron was Tony Stark’s creation, along with the Avengers previously ignoring borders to destroy a HYDRA base, Sokovia rightly argues for strict control of “enhanced individuals.” Sokovia’s infrastructure and economy is crippled following this event and cannot afford a part in any international funding projects. Instead, they request for aid in rebuilding their nation.

South Africa: South Africa is one of the three nations afflicted by the Ultron Offensive. The Duel of Johannesburg, a duel between an enraged Hulk and Iron Man’s Hulkbuster Armor, led to dozens of civilian casualties and millions of dollars in property damage. The Duel of Johannesburg led the Avengers to temporarily hide away from public eye, due to the public uproar against the Hulk’s damage. South Africa uses this event to justify their position of strict control. South Africa’s economy is developing, and especially after the Duel of Johannesburg, cannot afford to have a part in any international funding project. Like Sokovia, they are requesting international aid.

South Korea: South Korea was the third nation affected by the Ultron Offensive, and the least affected of the three nations. Seoul’s destruction culminated in minor infrastructural damage and the deaths of several South Korean citizens. South Korea, either way, was appalled at the surprise of an attack brought to their nation by Ultron and the Avengers. However, the damage is not nearly as devastating as many of the other nations that have been damaged by “enhanced individuals,” and so describe their policy as moderate control. South Korea has a developed economy, and currently is paying off their damages on their own and is volunteering to be a part of an international funding project.

Sudan: Sudan is one of the few African nations on this list, representing the region of Sub- Saharan Africa alongside Wakanda. Sudan was the home of a HYDRA base, and following the HYDRA Infiltration of S.H.I.E.L.D., the Avengers thought that HYDRA needed to be destroyed at any cost. Ignoring sovereign borders, the Avengers attacked the HYDRA base at Port Sudan and destroyed it. There were no civilian casualties in this battle, but this event provides a case for the study of ignoring sovereign borders. Sudan believes that moderate control is best for “enhanced individuals,” citing the HYDRA base battle. Sudan’s economy is developing, and not diversified, which means that the Sudanese economy would not handle a part in an international funding project well.

Sweden: Sweden is another nation that has not had any occurrences regarding “enhanced individuals.” Alongside Finland, both nations are representing the Scandinavian region and share common economies, political ideologies, and cultures. The indirect effects of global oil prices going up due to more attacks by “enhanced individuals” has hit the Swedish economy roughly. The Swedish, however, see the benefits of having “enhanced individuals” protect humanity, and

use this reasoning to justify loose control. Sweden’s economy is developed and is volunteering to be a part of an international funding project.

Turkey: Turkey is another nation that has not yet had direct contact with “enhanced individuals.” Turkey’s geopolitical landscape is riddled with requests to become part of the European Union and the Erdogan presidency. No “enhanced individuals” have been found in Turkey, and Avengers, S.H.I.E.L.D., and HYDRA have not undergone operations within this nation. Turkey, however, citing most of the NATO members, believes that moderate control is best for “enhanced individuals.” Turkey’s economy, unlike most of its European neighbors, is developing, and still undergoing the process to creating a reliable and stable economy. Although a powerful economy, developed nations cannot trust Turkey to reliably be a part of an international funding project.

Ukraine: Ukraine’s existence in modern history has always been under the shadow of Russia. Part of this truth lies in the Russian Annexation of Crimea in 2014, where Russia used forceful means to persuade pro-Russian protestors to overthrow the Crimean government and join the Russians. Ukraine, however, has also been the site of an assassination by the Winter Soldier. According to S.H.I.E.L.D. documents, when Romanoff was escorting an Iranian nuclear engineer through Ukraine, the Winter Soldier assassinated the Iranian engineer and injured Romanoff. Even after the Battle of the Triskelion, nobody knows the identity of the Winter Soldier. Ukraine believes that loose control is best for “enhanced individuals.” Following the Crimean Annexation, Ukraine’s economy took a massive hit, so the developing economy cannot afford to be a part of an international funding project.

United Kingdom: The United Kingdom is the site of varying occurrences involving “enhanced individuals.: England was a very important site for the Strategic Service Reserve, and in recent years was the site of an extraterrestrial battle between Thor, another alien race, and the Royal Air Force. The Royal Air Force was tasked to take down the threats in London, and according to their eyewitness accounts, were transported to either another dimension or to another world before being transported back to London. A beast from another realm, dimension, or world also wreaked havoc on London for a few days. This chaotic event made the nation realize the seriousness the threat the outside universe holds, but realizes that without Thor, the RAF would not have been able to solve the situation by themselves. This justifies their belief of moderate control. The UK economy, diverse and developed, has volunteered to be a part of an international funding project. Additionally, there has been a considerable wing of protests to exit the EU over increased economic uncertainty breeding from numerous catastrophic events.

United States of America: The only other nation that can top Sokovia on terms of damage, casualties, and sheer number of incidents within a nation is the United States. To reference some

high-profile cases, Culver University, Puente Antiguo, New York City, and Washington D.C. have been largely damaged by the numerous events on American soil with the involvement of “enhanced individuals.” The United States recognizes that many of these events are due to the “enhanced individuals” such as the Avengers protecting humanity from threats, but the damage continues to be catastrophic. The United States pushed for S.H.I.E.L.D. to be classified as a terrorist organization following HYDRA’s Infiltration, and many are calling for “enhanced individuals” such as the Avengers to follow a similar path. The United States believes that strict control should be applied, using the many events, battles, and damage as their justification. The United States economy is among the strongest in the world, and will actively pursue an international funding project aimed at various goals and purposes.

Uruguay: Uruguay is the last nation on this list that has not been directly affected by “enhanced individuals.” Uruguay’s history is full of competing between Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Uruguay tops the charts in South America in many respects such as press freedom, middle class size, and overall prosperity. Uruguay is much like Colombia in the opinions of “enhanced individuals.” Believing them to be a necessity for global safety and human survival. This opinion leads Uruguay to seek loose control. The Uruguayan economy, unlike many developing economies, is quite strong, and actively donates to the United Nations. We do not need to worry about Uruguay refusing to join an international funding project.

Wakanda: Wakanda is a small, isolationist country deep in Sub-Saharan Africa. Wakanda’s isolation has made the nation looked over by many of the Western nations, regarding Wakanda as just another African nation. However, a revelation during the Ultron Offensive led to the Avengers and the world recognizing that Wakanda still has deposits of vibranium, the strongest known material on Earth. This knowledge startled the international community, as Ultron strengthened himself with vibranium supplied by the international criminal, Ulysses Klaue. Wakanda, embarrassed that someone was able to smuggle such a material out of their nation, and shocked at the deaths of Wakandan humanitarian aid workers at the hand of Scarlet Witch, promised that they would tighten security on their own nation’s vibranium deposits while simultaneously opening the nation by trading and attending United Nations assemblies such as COSHB. Wakanda’s opinion on “enhanced individuals” is that strict control is necessary for international security. We do not know anything about Wakanda’s economy, but we can imagine that due to its lack of coast, the poor terrain around its nation, and the surrounding nations’ economies, the United Nations infers that Wakanda’s economy is developing and may not afford to volunteer for an international funding project.

What you need to do!

1) Read the packet

2) Select a country (cannot have repeats)

3) Watch video on WHAT IS THE UN? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QoIafzc0k74

4) Read the UN’s Declaration of Human Rights https://www.youthforhumanrights.org/what-are-human-rights/universal-declaration-of-human-rights/articles-1-15.html

5) Read the Sokovia Accord https://www.geekgirlauthority.com/you-can-read-the-sokovia-accords-from-captain-america-civil-war-for-yourself/

https://ajbulava.wordpress.com/2017/09/29/the-sokovia-accords-a-public-policy-analysis-of-captain-american-civil-war/

6) From your country’s POV—Answer the questions provide with the information packet. You have to be a little creative here—Cite events that have happened within the films or mentioned within the packet. Cite historical events that may be similar. Research and cite other examples that are similar—-NATO, WARSAW PACT, WWII, Freedoms, Napoleon, etc.

7) Make a speech related to your nation’s overall position; this will be made at our UN meeting

8) You are welcome to create a name plate, flag, etc. to represent you nation at this committee. We will be having our UN meeting to debate these point in the coming week.