UNite Kindom
description
Transcript of UNite Kindom
The British are said to be reserved in manners, dress and speech. They are famousfor their politeness, self-discipline and especially for their sense of humor.
Basic politeness (please, thank you, excuse me) is expected.
British Stereotypes What are the first three things
which come into your mind when you hear the words 'England' or 'the English '?
Beer, Bulldog,Cricket
Cream tea, Big Ben,Shakespeare
Men wearing
hats, suite,
a newspaper
under the arm and carrying
a long unopened umbrella
Gardening,
Double-decker buses,
Changing of the guards
Royal family,
Union Jack,
God Save the Queen
Soccer,
David Beckham,
Bad weather.
Geographical Environments
Famous Kings & Queens
King Henry VIII1509 – 1547
• succeeded to the throne because his elder brother Arthur died in 1502. His first wife, Catherine of Aragon, was Arthur's wife.
• The best known fact about Henry VIII is that he had six wives! Argued with the Pope and made himself the head of the new 'Church of England'.
• Most school children learn the following rhyme to help them remember the fate of each wife: "Divorced, Beheaded, Died: Divorced, Beheaded, Survived".
King Edward VI1547 - 1553
Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour. He was never a healthy King and died aged only 15 years.
Queen Mary I(Bloody Mary) 1553 - 1558
• Daughter of Henry VIII and Katharine of Aragón.
• Married Philip II of Spain.
• Wanted to make England Catholic again. Killed many who opposed her which is why she is remembered as Bloody Mary.
Queen Elizabeth I1558 - 1603
• Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. • During her reign, great adventurers discovered many new lands.• Fought off the Spanish Armada.• Named James VI of Scotland her heir, uniting
the two countries Scotland and England. • The last ever Queen of England.
Royal family
Queen Elizabeth II b. 1926
m. Philip, Duke of Edinburgh son
of Prince Andrew of Greece
Charles Prince of Walesb. 1948 m. Lady Diana Spencer
(divorced 1996)(d.1997)m. Camilla Parker Bowles
Anne Princess Royal b.1950m. Captain Mark Phillips (divorced 1993) m. Commander Timothy Laurence
Andrew Duke of York
b. 1960
m. Sarah Ferguson (divorced 1996)
Edward Earl of Wessex b. 1964 m. Sophie Rhys-Jones
Prince William of Wales
b. 1982
Prince Harry of Walesb. 1984
Peter Phillips b. 1977
Zara Phillips b. 1981
Princess Beatrice of York
b. 1988
Princess Eugenie of Yorkb. 1990
Lady Louise Windsorb. 2003
Test (I)1. What does UK mean?
2. What are the three sentences that people in UK say most in their everyday life?
3. Write down three things that come into your mind when you hear the word “England.”
4. What are the four parts of UK?
5. How many wives did Henry VIII have?
6. How many of his wives were beheaded?
7. How old was Edward VI when he died?
1. Which Queen was called Bloody Mary?
2. Who was Bloody Mary’s father?
3. Which country did Bloody Mary’s husband come from?
4. Who united Scotland and England?
5. How many children did Queen Elizabeth I have?
6. How many children did Queen Elizabeth II have?
7. Who was Prince William ‘s mother?
Test (II)
Language
American English &
British English
" The Americans are identical to the British in all respects except, of course, language." Oscar Wilde
"We (the British and Americans) are two countries separated by a common language." G.B. Shaw
Spelling 拼字Vocabulary 字彙Usage 用法Pronunciation 發音
Differences between AE & BE
Spelling 拼字
美式英語字尾是 – or 英式英語字尾是 –
our
AMERICAN ENGLISH
BRITISH ENGLISH
behavior behaviour
color colour
favor favour
honor honour
labor labour
neighbor neighbour
美式英語字尾是 –er
英式英語字尾是 – re
AMERICAN ENGLISH
BRITISH ENGLISH
center centre
liter litre
meter metre
theater theatre
美式英語字尾是 -ize 英式英語字尾是 -ise
AMERICAN ENGLISH
BRITISH ENGLISH
civilize civilise
organize organise
realize realise
sympathize sympathise
visualize visualise
美式英語字尾是 -se
英式英語字尾是 -ce
AMERICAN ENGLISH
BRITISH ENGLISH
defense defence
offense offence
pretense pretence
美式英語是 e ; 英式英語是 ae
或 oe
AMERICAN ENGLISH
BRITISH ENGLISH
esthetic aesthetic
archeology archaeology
diarrhea diarrhoeia
encyclopedia encyclopaedia
hemorrhage haemorrhage
medieval mediaeval
美式英語是 -ct- 英式英語是 -x-
AMERICAN ENGLISH
BRITISH ENGLISH
connection connexion
inflection inflexion
reflection reflexion
不規則差異AMERICAN
ENGLISHBRITISH
ENGLISHAMERICAN
ENGLISHBRITISH
ENGLISH
aluminumaluminiu
momelet omelette
check cheque pajamas pyjamas
curb kerb plow plough
disk disc programprogramm
e
draft draught skillful skilful
fulfill fulfil sulfur sulphur
gray grey tire tyre
Gypsy Gipsy vise vice
inquire enquire wagon waggon
jail gaol mustachemoustach
e
mold mould
Vocabulary 字彙A lorry is a truck.
A lift is an elevator. A fortnight is two weeks.
Clothes In England, we would be embarrassed if people saw
our pants. why?
American English
Chinese
British English
pants 長褲 trousers
underwear / panties
內褲 pants
undershirt 內衣背心 vest
vest 背心 waistcoat
sneakers 球鞋 trainers
bathing suit 泳衣 swimming costume
At School "Stop mucking around and get on with your work,"
shouted the teacher to two students who were off task .
.
American English
Chinese British English
friend 朋友 friend / mate
eraser 橡皮擦 rubber
private school 私立學校 public school
public school 公立學校 state school
vacation 假日 holiday
hot lunch 營養午餐 school dinner
fooling around
鬼混 mucking around
recess 下課時間 play time / break time
On the Road
American English
Chinese British English
parking Lot 停車場 car park
cross Walk 斑馬線 zebra crossing / pedestrian crossing
freeway 高速公路 motorway
truck 卡車 lorry
gas / gasoline 汽油 petrol
sidewalk 人行道 pavement
gas station 加油站 petrol station
fire truck 消防車 fire engine
telephone booth 電話亭 phone box
Buildings / Shops/ People
American English
Chinese British English
apartment 公寓 flat
girl 女孩 girl / lass
boy 男孩 boy / lad
mailman 郵差 postman
garbage Man
清潔隊員 dustman
Mom 媽媽 Mum / Mom
I watch the telly whilst (while) lying on the settee.
American English Chinese British English
bathroom /restroom
廁所 toilet / loo / the John / WC
faucet 水龍頭 tap
backyard / yard 花園 garden
closet 衣櫥 wardrobe
trash Can 垃圾桶 bin
television 電視 television / box / telly
sofa 沙發 couch / sofa / settee
In and around the House
American English
Chinese
British English
cookie 餅乾 biscuit
candy 糖果 sweets
potato chips 洋芋片 crisps
French Fries 薯條 chips
dessert 甜點 puddings / afters
jelly 果凍 jam
check 帳單 bill (at restaurant)
French Toast 法國吐司 eggy bread (fried)
FoodAre you Peckish? (Are you Hungry?) What's for afters? Have you had your pudding yet? That food looks very scrummy (delicious)
Usage 用法
1. 口語中 , American English 常用 過去簡單式來取代現在完成式 British English 則仍維持使用現在完成式 以下兩種情形最常出現使用上的差異 :
( 一 )句子中 , 提及過去的動作 , 但此動作的影響一直持續到現在 :
American English • Jenny feels ill. She ate too much. • I can't find my keys. Did you see them anywhere?
British English • Jenny feels ill. She's eaten too much.• I can't find my keys. Have you seen them anywhere?
( 二 ) 句子中有 already, just 或 yet 等字 :American English • A: Are they going to the show tonight? • B: No. They already saw it. • A: Is Samantha here? • B: No, she just left.
British English • A: Are they going to the show tonight? • B: No. They've already seen it.• A: Is Samantha here? • B: No, she's just left.
American English • A: Can I borrow your book? • B: No, I didn't read it yet.
British English • A: Can I borrow your book?
• B: No, I haven't read it yet.
2. 集合名詞後的動詞單數或複數• British English 中集合名詞如 class, team等 , 若是指整體後面加單數動詞 ,若是指組成份子後面加複數動詞
• American English 中集合名詞後面都是加單數動詞
British English
• My team is winning.
• The other team are all sitting down.
• Which team is/are losing?
American English
• Which team is losing?
2. 動詞片語中 have 和 take 的使用習慣
• British English 中 , 動詞 have 經常結合名詞形成片語 ,來描述動作 ,但 have 本身無任何意義
• I'd like to have a bath.• She's having a little nap.• I'll just have a quick shower before we g
o out.
American English 中則喜好使用 take, 較少用 have:
• Joe's taking a shower.
• I'd like to take a bath.
• Let's take a short vacation.
• Why don't you take a rest
now?
3. 助動詞的使用差異• British English 中 , 答句中在助動詞後加上 do 來代替原問句中提過的動詞片語 :
• Are you coming with us? I might do.
American English 中 , do 則常省略• Are you coming with us? I might.
British English 中常使用 needn’t , 較少用 don’t need to
• They needn’t come to school today.
American English 中 needn’t 較少見 , 經常是使用 don’t need to
• They don’t need to come to school today.
British English 中 , 未來式中第一人稱主詞用 shall 而不用 will
• I shall be there later.
American English 中 ,shall 非常少用 ,無論主詞為何 ,都是用 will 來指未來 .
• I will be there later.
British English 中 , 向他人詢問建議或看法時常使用 shall I / we
• Shall we ask him to come with us?
同一情況時 , American English 則用 should 而不用 shall
• Should we ask him to come with us?
介系詞使用差異British English 中 , 時間片語前常使用 at • at Christmas/five o' clock• at the weekend
American English 中 , weekend 前則一律用 on• Will they still be there on the weekend?• She'll be coming home on weekends.
British English 中 ,指大學或教育機構用 at:
• She studied chemistry at university.
American English 中 , 則用 in • She studied French in high school.
British English 中 , 形容詞 different 後可用 to 或 from
• This place is different from/to anything I've seen before.
American English 形容詞 different 後可用 from
• This place is different from anything I've seen before.
British English 中 ,write 後面一定要加 to才能加受詞
• I promised to write to her every day.
American English 中 ,write 後面的 to 則省略
• I promised to write her every day.
Pronunciation
Listen to Different Accents
Standard AmericanStandard BritishAustraliaIndian
Hello! My name is Paul Landler. The reason why I’m recording this video is to tell you the way I talk. I’ll tell you a little story, too.
When I was a baby, my dad wanted to take me to another country because he hoped that, by doing that, I’ll become a world citizen.
The place we’ve lived was too hot, so we’d probably better move to somewhere cold, with plenty of fruit and vegetables to taste.
After a few years, I grew up and became really interested in sports. By the time I was eighteen, I always do something five times a week until last year. I was quite strong.
Today I ‘m living in Brazil with my older brother and my girl friend. I have a lot of friends, both guys and girls. They have interest in subjects, like linguists.
All right, now, I really hope you think this story is great. See you!
Test (III)1. What does “loo” mean in UK?
2. How would an American say the sentence “I’ve already seen the lad in white pants on telly”?
3. How would an English write the sentence “My neighbor realized that if he wanted to work in the theater, he had to join the new program and get a driving license first”?
Being A Sherlock Holmes!
Who is Dirty Dan? Scotland Yard police are looking for a fa
mous American bank robber called Dirty Dan. Dirty Dan robbed a bank in London last Friday night.
They are interviewing three different people. All three have British accents, but the police know that Dirty Dan can imitate a British accent.
Read parts of each of the transcript. Can you identify Dirty Dan from the language he uses?
Suspect 1
I already said this. I didn’t do anything special on the weekend. Friday night I took a shower in my apartment and then went out to see a movie. It was a movie I had already seen, Matrix Revolutions. I really like action movies. I went with my girlfriend Samantha.
Suspect 2 I wasn’t in town at the weekend, and I c
ertainly wasn’t anywhere near the bank on Friday night. I was at a hotel in Paris with a special friend of mine. Shall I give you the hotel phone number? You needn’t bother asking me any more questions. You’ve got the wrong man.
Suspect 3 I’ve already said this. On Friday night I
went to see a film at the cinema. It was Matrix Revolutions. I don’t really like action films, but my friends really wanted to see it. It was rather boring. After that I went home and had a nice hot bath. I went to bed around midnight.
Answer
Suspect 1 is Dirty Dan.
The American words and expressions are: • already said this (British would use present perfect); • on the weekend (British - at the weekend); • took a shower (British - had a shower); • movie (British - film).
Landmarks
Windsor Castle• Windsor Castle has been a royal
residence for over 900 years and today is one of the homes of Queen Elizabeth ll.
• The royal standard flies from the round tower of the Castle when the Queen is in residence.
• Windsor Castle has dominated the river Thames for over 900 years. It was built by the Normans from timber and later rebuilt in stone.
Kings College, Cambridge• King’s College, founded in 1441 by
Henry VI, is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. The chapel, is home to the world-famous Choir.
Buckingham Palace• Buckingham Palace is one of the most popular
landmarks in London. It is the London home of the British Royal family. The 600 room palace is surrounded by a 40 acre garden.
The Palace of Westminster
The Palace of Westminster, known also as the Houses of Parliament, is where the two Houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (the House of Lords and the House of Commons) conduct their sittings.
Tower of London This royal fortress, on the north banks of the
River Thames, was built by William the Conqueror, following his successful invasion in 1066. It has been added to over the years by the various monarchs.
The Tower, or Bloody Tower as it is known, has been host to many famous executions and imprisonments, including those of Anne Boleyn and Lady Jane Grey.
The London Eye The London Eye, next to
County Hall, is another of London’s most modern landmarks. It is the world’s biggest ferris wheel, and will carry 800 passengers at a time on a thirty-minute ride. From its highest point of 450 feet, it promises views of up to 25 miles.
St Paul's Cathedral
The dome of St Paul's Cathedral is the second biggest dome in the world, after St Peter's in Rome.
Communication• The phone boxes are come in a wide
variety of designs and colors.• Coin-operated phones take 10p, 20p, 50p
and £1 coins, but card-operated phones are often more convenient.
• British Telecom phone cards are available in most newsagents or grocers.
• Calls from hotels are expensive.
• Dialling codes: The UK international dialing code is +44 and the area code for London is (0)20.
• We now have Internet as well as normal telephone boxes in London.
• The photo shows a blue internet phone box with a red 'normal' phone box behind.
Posting a Letter Stamps can be bought individually at
post offices or in books of four or ten at newsagents and groceries.
Emergency services:
• To contact the police, fire station or ambulance service in an emergency, you can dial 999 free of charge from any public or private phone. In case of accident, most major hospitals have 24 hour accident and emergency departments.
Transportation
Roads and motorways are Britain's primary domestic transport routes. There are some 225,000 miles (362,000 km) of
roads in Britain.
Cars
• Most people in Britain travel by car. About 75% of households have at least one car.
Small white van parked in between cars.
Motorcycles
Motorcycling is popular in Britain, both as a means of transport and as a pastime with over one million motocyclists. A moped with an engine capacity up to 50cc can be ridden at the age of 16 with a provisional licence.
• The maximum legal speed a moped can be ridden is 30 mph (50kph).
• A full motorcycle licence can be obtained at the age of 17 after passing a test.
Lorries• Most goods are transported by roads in lorries
• At the beginning of the 20th century, railway trains and canal barges were the main means of transporting heavy goods. Now around 65% are carried by lorries.
Buses• People in England have single decker and
double decker buses.
• The red double decker buses (pictured below) are famous all over the world.
There are two main kinds of buses in London: the red double-decker and the red single-decker.
• Some double-deckers have automatic doors and you pay the driver when you go in.
• On single-deckers you sometimes buy your ticket from a machine in the bus.
• Most London buses have a conductor who will come round and collect fares.
Sightseeing buses
• There are many sightseeing, open top, buses in London and other cities.
Trams
Taxis• In London, the taxis are black but in the rest
of the country they are different colors.
Trains• The rail network in Britain is one of the
most extensive in Europe with over 11,000 miles (17,500km) of lines, some 2,500 stations and around 1,500 trains a day.
The Tube
When in London, "the Tube" is a great means of getting around!
• The London underground railway system (or 'tube') celebrated its centenary in 1990 and is internationally famous, ranking alongside the Paris metro and the New York subway.
Currency
• The British currency is the pound sterling. The sign for the pound is GBP = Great British Pound
• 1 Pound = 100 Pence
• We do not use the Euro. Although a few of the big shops will accept Euro, it is rarely used across Britain.
Euro:
The singular of pence is "penny".
The symbol for the penny is "p";
50p is read as "fifty pee"
Current bank notes are:
the 5 pound note, the 10 pound note, the 20 pound note and the 50 pound note.
Current coins are:
1 penny, 2 pence, 5 pence, 10 pence, 20 pence, 50 pence, 1 pound, and 2 pounds.
Names of CitiesLondon
York
Cambridge
Birmingham
Nottingham
Bournemouth
Plymouth
Portsmouth
Salisbury
Banbury
Canterbury
Oxford
Bradford
Telford
Salford
Chester
Doncaster
Leicester
Manchester
Blackpool
Liverpool
EdinburghMiddlesbroughSwintonBoltonBrightonSouthamptonWolverhampton
Top 20 Popular Boys’ and Girls’ Names
For the 12th year running, Jack was the most popular newborn boy's name in 2006.
1 JACK 11 BENJAMIN
2 THOMAS 12 JOSEPH
3 JOSHUA 13 CALLUM
4 OLIVER 14 GEORGE
5 HARRY 15 JAKE
6 JAMES 16 ALFIE
7 WILLIAM 17 LUKE
8 SAMUEL 18 MATTHEW
9 DANIEL 19 ETHAN
10 CHARLIE 20 LEWIS
2006 Boys’ Names
1 OLIVIA 11 ELLA
2 GRACE 12 CHARLOTTE
3 JESSICA 13 KATIE
4 RUBY 14 MIA
5 EMILY 15 HANNAH
6 SOPHIE 16 AMELIA
7 CHLOE 17 MEGAN
8 LUCY 18 AMY
9 LILY 19 ISABELLA
10 ELLIE 20 MILLIE
2006 Girls’ Names
Superstition
Good luck
Bad luck
Food superstitions
Animal superstitions
Good luck1.Lucky to meet a black cat.
Black Cats are featured on many good luck greetings cards and birthday cards in England.
2. Lucky to touch wood .
3. Lucky to find a clover plant with four leaves.
4.A horseshoe over the door brings good luck. But the horse shoe needs to be the right way up. The luck runs out of the horse shoe if it is upside down.
5.On the first day of the month it is lucky to say "white rabbits, white rabbits white rabbits," before saying your first word of the day.
6.Catch falling leaves in Autumn and you're have good luck. Every leaf means a lucky month next year.
Bad luck
1. Unlucky to walk underneath a ladder.
2. Seven years bad luck to break a mirror.
3. .Unlucky to spill salt. If you do, you must throw it over your shoulder to counteract the bad luck.
4. Unlucky to open an umbrella in doors.
5. The number thirteen is unlucky. Friday the thirteenth is a very unlucky day.
6.Unlucky to put new shoes on the table.
7.Unlucky to pass someone on the stairs.
Food superstitions
1.When finished eating a boiled egg, push the spoon through the bottom of the empty shell to let the devil out
2.In Yorkshire, housewives used to believe that bread would not rise if there was a corpse (dead body) in the vicinity, and to cut off both ends of the loaf would make the Devil fly over the house!
Animal Superstitions
1.One ancient British superstition holds that if a child rides on a bear's back, it will be protected from whooping-cough.
2.In some parts of the UK meeting two or three Ravens together is considered really bad. One very English superstition concerns the tame Ravens at the Tower of London. It is believed if they leave then the crown of England will be lost.
3.It is said to be bad luck if you see bats flying and hear their cries. In the middle ages, it was believed that witches were closely associated with bats.
4.If a Sparrow enters a house it is an omen of death to one who lives there. In some areas it is believed that to avoid ill luck any Sparrow caught must be immediately killed otherwise the person who caught it will die.
5. Black rabbits are thought to host the souls of human beings. White Rabbits are said to be really witches.
6. It is thought very unlucky to have the feathers of a Peacock within the home or handle anything made with them.
Taboos• Do not greet people with a kiss:
We only kiss people who are close friends and relatives.
• Avoid talking loudly in public
• It is impolite to stare at anyone in public.Privacy is highly regarded.
• Do not ask a lady her ageIt is considered impolite to ask a lady her age
• Do not pick your nose in public: We are disgusted by this. If your nostrils need de-bugging, use a handkerchief.
• Avoid doing gestures such as backslapping and hugging This is only done among close friends.
• Do not spit. Spitting in the street is considered to be very bad mannered.
• Do not burp in public You may feel better by burping loudly after eating or drinking, but other people will not! If you can not stop a burp from bursting out, then cover your mouth with your hand and say 'excuse me' afterwards.
• Do not pass wind in public Now how can we say this politely? Let's say that you want to pass wind. What do you do? Go somewhere private and let it out. If you accidentally pass wind in company say 'pardon me'.
• It is impolite to speak with your mouth full of food
•Never eat off a knife when having a meal.
• Do not ask personal or intimate questions We like our privacy. Please do not ask questions such as "How much money do you earn?" "How much do you weigh?" or "Why aren't you married?".
Social customs
• When being entertained at someone's home it is nice to take a gift for the host and hostess.
• A bottle of wine, bunch of flowers or chocolates are all acceptable.
• Sending a thank you note is also considered appropriate.
• British people place considerable value on punctuality. If you agree to meet friends at three o'clock, you can bet that they'll be there just after three.
• Since Britons are so time conscious, the pace of life may seem very rushed. In Britain, people make great effort to arrive on time.
• It is often considered impolite to arrive even a few minutes late. If you are unable to keep an appointment, call
the person you are meeting.
• Do stand in line (queue) Take your correct turn and do not push in front.
•Do take your hat off when you go indoors. (men only)
It is impolite for men to wear hats indoors especially in churches.
• Do say "Excuse me." If someone is blocking
your way, say “excuse me” and they will move out of your way.
• Do pay when you go. Pay for drinks when you
order them in pubs or bars.
• Do say "Please" and "Thank you."
It is considered rude if you don't.
• Do cover your Mouth.
When yawning or coughing, always cover your mouth with your hand.
• Do Shake Hands: When you are first introduced to someone, shake their right hand with your own right hand.
• Do say sorry:
If you accidentally bump into someone, say 'sorry'. They probably will too, even if it was your fault! This is a habit and can be seen as very amusing by an 'outsider'.
• Do smile. A smiling face is a
welcoming face. • Do drive on the left side of the
road.• Do open doors for other
people. Men and women both hold
open the door for each other. It depends on who goes through the door first.
• Women in Britain are equal to men in all areas of life and tend to have more independence and responsibility than in some other cultures.
Women in England
• It is usual for women to go out on their own as well as with friends.
• It is ok for women to eat alone in a restaurant.
• It is ok for women to wander around on their own.
• It is ok for women to drink beer.
The End