UNIT 1: THE ORGANISATION OF THE HUMAN BODYLearning objectives:• Understand the levels of organisation of the human body.• Recall the parts of a cell•Recognise the main human tissues and their function• Relate the different systems to their vital functions

1. ORGANISATION OF LIVING MATTER1.2 LEVELS OF ORGANISATION

IN GROUPS OF 4

1. Take a piece of paper and design your diagram including the following sections:

• Subatomic level• Atomic level• Molecular level• Cellular organelles• Cellular level• Tissues• Organs• Systems• Human body

2. Cut and paste the drawings provided on your diagram3. Explain one of the levels to the rest of the class.

GROUP ACTIVITY 15 MINUTES

DEFINITIONS (PAGE 7)Cells are the basic structural and functional units that form our organism.

A tissue is a group of cells of the same type and origin, which perform the same function.

An organ is formed by different tissues that perform a particular function.

A system is a group of organs that participate in one or more specific functions.

An organism is formed by the ensemble of systems that function in a coordinated way.

células

tejido

órgano

sistema

1.1 DEFINITION OF HUMAN BEING (PAGE 6)

They are living things: They are composed of biomolecules. They are made up of cells.They perform the three vital functions

(nutrition, interaction, reproduction). They are animals:

Multicellular. They are eukaryote cells. They are heterotrophic.

2. CELL STRUCTURECells are the basic structural and functional units that form our organism.

Cell domino in pairs

Animal and plant cell videos

YOUR TASK!!!Build your own model animal cell.

Brainstorming: cell organelles and their functionNames on the notebook

IDEAS FOR YOUR MODEL ANIMAL CELL

Jello cell

Clay cell

http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Model-Cell

Pizza cell

crafts

Label Organelles!!

2.2 EXCHANGE WITH THE ENVIRONMENT

The cell membrane is semipermeable

It only allows the passage of certain substances.

Activity 7 page 8 in class

MECHANISMS FOR GOING THROUGH THE MEMBRANE

A. Diffusion free passage of small molecules. BUT:ALWAYS following the concentration gradient: from higher concentration to lower concentration

B. Osmosis passage of water from the more diluted to the more concentrated medium

Water moleculesAny type of substance, such as glucose or salt

Watch the animation: http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/osmosis.swf

solution solutionsolution

hypertonichypotonic isotonic

C. Active transport if the concentration of a substance is lessin the exterior, but the cell needs it, the cell can use energy in order to bring it in.

ATP = energy

D. Endocytosis and exocytosis for incorporating or putting outbig subtances that cannot go through the cell membrane. Small vesicles are formed.

Activities 8, 9, 10 and 11 page 9

Exocytic vesicle

Endocytosis

3. TISSUES AND ORGANSIn the human body there are different types of cells.Cells specialise so that they can perform different tasksand different types of cells are created.

DIFFERENTIATION: Process by which cells specialise.

Differentiation involves changes in:• Cell shape• Function• Activity of the cytoplasmic

organelles

Activities 12 and 13 page 10

Why do muscle cells have many mitochondria?Why do glandular cells have a very developed Golgi apparatus?Why do red blood cells do not have any organelles?

5 minutes to answer these questions in pairs:

3.2 TYPES OF TISSUESEpithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Bone tissueCartilaginous tissue

Adipose tissue

Muscle tissue Nervous tissue

Activity 17 page 11Activities 20 and 21 page 12Activity 23 13 page 13

3.3 ORGANS

4. SYSTEMSON YOUR NOTEBOOK: Classify the following systems depending on the vital function (reproduction, nutrition or interaction)they are involved with.

Nutrition

Excretory system

Digestive systemCirculatory system

Respiratory system

Reproduction

Male reproductive system

Female reproductive system

Interaction

Nervous systemSense organs

Skeletal and muscular system

Endocrine system

ALL THESE SYSTEMS INTERACT AND WORK TOGETHER IN A COORDINATED WAY

Glossary:• Tissue• Epithelial tissue• Bone tissue• Rough

endoplasmic reticulum

Pages 18 and 19:38404142455052READ AND UNDERSTAND SCIENCE

ON YOUR NOTEBOOK

IN PAIRS