Unit XIX - The Age of Unit XIX - The Age of Absolutism and The Scientific Absolutism and The Scientific

RevolutionRevolution

England, France, Spain (1-11)England, France, Spain (1-11)

Austria-Hungary (12-13)Austria-Hungary (12-13)

Prussia (14-15)Prussia (14-15)

Scientific Revolution (16-20)Scientific Revolution (16-20)

Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved

1. A Look at the Absolute Power of 1. A Look at the Absolute Power of the Spanish, French, and English the Spanish, French, and English

Kings from 1550 - 1800Kings from 1550 - 1800

A. What is the Age of Absolutism? A. What is the Age of Absolutism? The period of time during which kings of The period of time during which kings of

western Europe had absolute control over western Europe had absolute control over their national governments and societies.their national governments and societies.

B. What is the Divine Right Theory?B. What is the Divine Right Theory?The theory that stated that kings had a The theory that stated that kings had a

god given right to rule their nations as they god given right to rule their nations as they wished. wished.

2. The Spanish Kings2. The Spanish Kings A. Charles VA. Charles V

1. 1519-15561. 1519-1556 2. Grandson of Ferdinand 2. Grandson of Ferdinand

and Isabellaand Isabella 3. Also ruled the Holy 3. Also ruled the Holy

Roman Empire Roman Empire 4. Constant warfare-with 4. Constant warfare-with

France, Protestants and France, Protestants and Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

5. Became a monk5. Became a monk

B. King Philip IIB. King Philip II

1. Son of Charles V1. Son of Charles V 2. Ruled Spain, 2. Ruled Spain,

Netherlands, southern Netherlands, southern Italy and Americas Italy and Americas

3. Centralized power3. Centralized power 4. Absolute Monarch4. Absolute Monarch 5. Guardian of Catholic 5. Guardian of Catholic

ChurchChurch 6. Wars-Netherlands, 6. Wars-Netherlands,

Ottomans, Spanish Ottomans, Spanish ArmadaArmada

7. Golden Century7. Golden Century 8. Strong Spanish King8. Strong Spanish King

3. Philip II of Spain3. Philip II of Spain

4. The Decline of Spain4. The Decline of Spain

What were the reasons for the decline of What were the reasons for the decline of Spanish power?Spanish power?

A. Defeat of the Spanish ArmadaA. Defeat of the Spanish Armada B. Heavy taxes on middle classB. Heavy taxes on middle class C. The drain on the treasuryC. The drain on the treasury D. Neglect of farming and trade with the coloniesD. Neglect of farming and trade with the colonies E. The slowdown of goldE. The slowdown of gold F. The expulsion of Jews and MuslimsF. The expulsion of Jews and Muslims

5. The Spanish Armada5. The Spanish Armada

6. The Kings of France6. The Kings of France

A. What tore France apart between 1560 and A. What tore France apart between 1560 and 1590?1590?

B. What was the goal of Henry IV and when B. What was the goal of Henry IV and when did he rule?did he rule?

C. Who was Armand Richelieu? C. Who was Armand Richelieu?

7. The Sun King – Louis XIV 7. The Sun King – Louis XIV (1661-1733)(1661-1733)

A. “I am the State”A. “I am the State” B. The symbol of the sunB. The symbol of the sun C. No meetings of the Estates GeneralC. No meetings of the Estates General D. The strongest army in EuropeD. The strongest army in Europe E. The splendor of VersaillesE. The splendor of Versailles F. SuccessesF. Successes G. FailuresG. Failures H. “Balance of Power”H. “Balance of Power”

8. Louis XIV – The Sun King8. Louis XIV – The Sun King

9. A Different Story in England9. A Different Story in England

A. How did Parliament grow in power?A. How did Parliament grow in power?1. The annulments of Henry VIII1. The annulments of Henry VIII2. The Act of Supremacy2. The Act of Supremacy3. The ‘power of the purse”3. The ‘power of the purse”4. Good Queen Bess – Elizabeth I (Tudor)4. Good Queen Bess – Elizabeth I (Tudor)5. King James I (Stuart) v. Parliament5. King James I (Stuart) v. Parliament6. The English Civil War (1642-1649)6. The English Civil War (1642-1649)7. The execution of King Charles I7. The execution of King Charles I8. The Commonwealth8. The Commonwealth

10. The Glorious Revolution10. The Glorious Revolution

A. Who was King Charles II?A. Who was King Charles II?

B. Who was King James II?B. Who was King James II?

C. What was the Glorious Revolution?C. What was the Glorious Revolution?

D. How did the monarchy change under William D. How did the monarchy change under William and Mary?and Mary?

11. Video11. Video

12. The Bill of Rights in England12. The Bill of Rights in England

13. The Rise of Austria13. The Rise of Austria

A. The Thirty Years WarA. The Thirty Years WarB. The Peace of WestphaliaB. The Peace of WestphaliaC. C. How did the Hapsburgs affect Austria?How did the Hapsburgs affect Austria?

1. they controlled Austria (Catholic)1. they controlled Austria (Catholic)2. they added Bohemia, and parts of Poland 2. they added Bohemia, and parts of Poland

and Italyand Italy3. they controlled very diverse groups and 3. they controlled very diverse groups and

gave them some unity (Magyars, Slavs)gave them some unity (Magyars, Slavs)4. they never centralized authority like the 4. they never centralized authority like the

other kings of Europe (2other kings of Europe (2ndnd class kingdom) class kingdom)

14. The Austrian Empire14. The Austrian Empire

15. Prussia15. Prussia

A. A. How did the Hohenzollerns from How did the Hohenzollerns from northeastern Germany unite many north northeastern Germany unite many north German states into a country?German states into a country?

1. Frederick II inherited the throne in 17401. Frederick II inherited the throne in 17402. Frederick’s 2. Frederick’s PrussiaPrussia challenged Austria challenged Austria

by taking Silesia from Austria and by taking Silesia from Austria and declaring independence, Frederick was a declaring independence, Frederick was a great warrior (great warrior (Frederick the Great)Frederick the Great)

3. Frederick continued to win several later 3. Frederick continued to win several later wars making Prussia a wars making Prussia a strong military strong military power.power.

16. Map of Prussia16. Map of Prussia

17. The Scientific Revolution17. The Scientific Revolution

A. What was the Scientific Revolution and A. What was the Scientific Revolution and when did it take place?when did it take place?

1. The change that took place in science 1. The change that took place in science starting in the mid 1500’s and continuing starting in the mid 1500’s and continuing to the 1700’s. to the 1700’s.

18. People of the Scientific 18. People of the Scientific RevolutionRevolution

A. A. Niccolaus CopernicusNiccolaus Copernicus - Polish, Heliocentric - Polish, Heliocentric TheoryTheory

B. B. Tycho BraheTycho Brahe – Danish, support of Copernicus – Danish, support of Copernicus C. C. Johannes KeplerJohannes Kepler – German, mathematician, – German, mathematician,

orbits of the planets, birth date of Jesusorbits of the planets, birth date of Jesus D. D. Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei – Italian, telescope, moon mts., – Italian, telescope, moon mts.,

sunspots, confirmed Copernicus, lensessunspots, confirmed Copernicus, lenses E. E. Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton – English, mathematician gravity – English, mathematician gravity F. F. Robert BoyleRobert Boyle – English, individual elements vs. – English, individual elements vs.

chemical compoundschemical compounds

19. Video19. Video

20. Accomplishments (cont.)20. Accomplishments (cont.)

G. G. Andreas VesaliusAndreas Vesalius – Italian. detailed – Italian. detailed study of human anatomystudy of human anatomy

H. H. Ambrose PareAmbrose Pare – French, ointment – French, ointment preventing infection, stitching of woundspreventing infection, stitching of wounds

I. I. William HarveyWilliam Harvey – English, circulation of – English, circulation of the bloodthe blood

J. J. Francis BaconFrancis Bacon – English, experimental – English, experimental method to arrive at truthmethod to arrive at truth

K. K. Rene DescartesRene Descartes – French, human – French, human reasoning is the best way to understand reasoning is the best way to understand

21. The Tomb of Galileo Galilei in 21. The Tomb of Galileo Galilei in FlorenceFlorence

22. The Church of Santa Croce, 22. The Church of Santa Croce, Florence, ItalyFlorence, Italy

23. Video23. Video

24. Galileo Galilei24. Galileo Galilei

25. Important Terms and People25. Important Terms and People

A. absolute monarchA. absolute monarch B. divine right theoryB. divine right theory C. Philip II – SpainC. Philip II – Spain D. Spanish ArmadaD. Spanish Armada E. Golden CenturyE. Golden Century F. Henry IV – FranceF. Henry IV – France G. Estates GeneralG. Estates General H. Louis XIV (Sun King)H. Louis XIV (Sun King) I. VersaillesI. Versailles J. balance of powerJ. balance of power K. Armand RichelieuK. Armand Richelieu

L. James IL. James I M. Charles IM. Charles I N. CavaliersN. Cavaliers O. RoundheadsO. Roundheads P. Bill of Rights (Eng.)P. Bill of Rights (Eng.) Q. The CommonwealthQ. The Commonwealth R. Glorious RevolutionR. Glorious Revolution S. 30 Years WarS. 30 Years War T. The HapsburgsT. The Hapsburgs U. The HohenzollernsU. The Hohenzollerns V. Frederick II (the Great)V. Frederick II (the Great)