UNIT V Key TermsUNIT V Key Terms

Biotechnology Biotechnology

Using living organisms to produce Using living organisms to produce or change plan or animal productsor change plan or animal products

Capital-intensive farmCapital-intensive farm

Farm that makes heavy use of Farm that makes heavy use of machinery in the farming processmachinery in the farming process

DairyingDairying

Growth of milk-based products for Growth of milk-based products for the marketplacethe marketplace

Debt-for-nature sweepsDebt-for-nature sweeps

Efforts to preserve natural Efforts to preserve natural farmland by forgiving international farmland by forgiving international debts owed by developing debts owed by developing countries in exchange for those countries in exchange for those countries protecting natural land countries protecting natural land resources from human destructionresources from human destruction

Double croppingDouble cropping

Planting and harvesting a crop on Planting and harvesting a crop on a field more than once a yeara field more than once a year

Enclosure movementEnclosure movement

As feudalism faded away and As feudalism faded away and capitalism grew, this movement capitalism grew, this movement divided the common farm-one the divided the common farm-one the villagers all farmed together-into villagers all farmed together-into individual farming plots. Many individual farming plots. Many farmers who did not get private farmers who did not get private plots moved to the growing citiesplots moved to the growing cities

Ester BoserupEster Boserup Geographer who developed the theory that Geographer who developed the theory that

subsistence farmers want the most leisure subsistence farmers want the most leisure time they can have, so they farm in ways time they can have, so they farm in ways that will allow them both to feed their that will allow them both to feed their families and to maximize free time. families and to maximize free time. Boserup’s theory also posited that farmers Boserup’s theory also posited that farmers will change their approach to farming if the will change their approach to farming if the population increases and more food is population increases and more food is needed, thus making the food supply needed, thus making the food supply dependent on human innovation, rather dependent on human innovation, rather than humans dependent on the food than humans dependent on the food supplysupply

Extensive subsistence Extensive subsistence agricultureagriculture

Using a large amount of land to Using a large amount of land to farm food for the farmer’s family to farm food for the farmer’s family to eateat

FamineFamine

Mass starvation resulting from Mass starvation resulting from prolonged undernutrition in a prolonged undernutrition in a region during a certain periodregion during a certain period

Hunters and gatherersHunters and gatherers

Nomadic people who do not Nomadic people who do not remain stationary but follow herds remain stationary but follow herds of wild animals and forage for of wild animals and forage for plants for survivalplants for survival

Intensive subsistence Intensive subsistence agricultureagriculture

Cultivating a small amount of land Cultivating a small amount of land very efficiently to produce food for very efficiently to produce food for the farmer’s familythe farmer’s family

Intertillage Intertillage

Practice of mixing many types of Practice of mixing many types of seeds on the same plot of landseeds on the same plot of land

Labor-intensive farmLabor-intensive farm

Farm that uses much human laborFarm that uses much human labor

Land rentLand rent

Price a farmer must pay for each Price a farmer must pay for each acre of landacre of land

Large-scale grain farmLarge-scale grain farm

Extensive commercial grain farm Extensive commercial grain farm where the grain typically is grown where the grain typically is grown to be exported to other places for to be exported to other places for consumptionconsumption

MilkshedMilkshed

Zone around the city’s center in Zone around the city’s center in which milk can be produced and which milk can be produced and shipped to the marketplace shipped to the marketplace without spoilingwithout spoiling

Mixed crop and livestock Mixed crop and livestock farmingfarming

Category of agriculture in which Category of agriculture in which farmers both grow crops and raise farmers both grow crops and raise animalsanimals

Open-lot systemOpen-lot system

System of agricultural land System of agricultural land distribution in which all villagers distribution in which all villagers worked on one large plot of worked on one large plot of community farmland to produce a community farmland to produce a crop to eatcrop to eat

RanchingRanching

Raising animals on a plot of land Raising animals on a plot of land on which they feed or grazeon which they feed or graze

Sustainable yieldSustainable yield

Rate of crop production that can Rate of crop production that can be maintained over timebe maintained over time

SwiddenSwidden

Plot of land prepared by Plot of land prepared by subsistence farmers using the subsistence farmers using the slash-and-burn methodslash-and-burn method

Truck farmTruck farm

Commercial flower farm or gardenCommercial flower farm or garden

UndernutritionUndernutrition

Case of not getting enough Case of not getting enough calories or nutrients calories or nutrients

Vegetative planting.Vegetative planting.

Process of cultivating by simply Process of cultivating by simply cutting off a stem of another plant cutting off a stem of another plant or by dividing roots of a plant; or by dividing roots of a plant; developed before seed agriculturedeveloped before seed agriculture