UNIT TWO LESSON 5: Blood Pressure. Objectives At the end of the lesson, participants should be able...
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Transcript of UNIT TWO LESSON 5: Blood Pressure. Objectives At the end of the lesson, participants should be able...
ObjectivesAt the end of the lesson, participants should be able to:
1. Describe the relationship between diabetes and high blood pressure
2. Explain blood pressure
3. Know their blood pressure numbers
4. Describe ways to control blood pressure
5. Describe feelings and experiences of living with diabetes
6. Identify ways to modify everyday recipes to fit into the diabetes meal plan
What Should YouBe Aware Of?
• Two out of three adults with diabetes also have high blood pressure or hypertension
• High blood pressure has no symptoms, so it may be difficult to tell if your blood pressure is high
• If you have diabetes, you should have your blood pressure checked each time you visit yourdoctor or at least two to four times a year
Diabetes and Blood PressureA person with diabetes and high blood pressure also
called hypertension is: two to four times more likely to develop heart disease or
have a strokemore likely to have diabetes complications:
kidney diseaseeye problems and blindnessnerve problems
What Is Blood Pressure?Blood pressure is the force of blood inside the arteries
It is needed to move blood from the heart to other parts of the body
What Is High Blood Pressure?High blood pressure is a condition where the force at
which blood flows through the blood vessels is above normal
It is also known as hypertension
Understanding Termsand Numbers
The top number is called the systolic (sis-TOL-ik) pressure
• This measures the pressure inside the artery as the heart beats and pumps blood to the blood vessels
The bottom number is called the diastolic (di-a-STOL-ik) pressure
• This measures the pressure between beats when the heart is resting
There are two numbers in a blood pressure reading:
Both of these numbers are recorded as millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
What Is ConsideredHigh Blood Pressure?
A blood pressure reading of 130 over 80 (130/80) mmHg is considered high blood pressure
Keeping blood pressure below 130/80 mmHg lowers a person’s risk of developing diabetes complications
Ways to ControlBlood Pressure
1. Reduce the amount of sodium you eat
2. Follow a healthy meal plan
3. Maintain a healthy weight
4. Take part in physical activity
5. Limit alcohol
6. Stop smoking
7. Take all prescribed medications
High Sodium FoodsThe following foods are high in sodium. You should limit
these foods in your diet:• Salted snacks
• Canned, pre-breaded, pre-fried fish
• Cured or preserved meats (luncheon meats, sausage, hotdogs, corned beef)
• Canned foods
High Sodium FoodsCheeses and buttermilk
Seasoned salts
Convenience and processed foods
Condiments: ketchup, mayonnaise, soy sauce,and salad dressings
Reducing Sodium in the DietReduce the amount of salt in the diet
Eat less than 1,500 mg of sodium each dayLess than ¾ of a teaspoon of salt daily
Many Americans eat 2,900 to 4,300 mg (1¼ to 2 teaspoons salt) of sodium daily
Reducing Sodium in the DietUse herbs and spices to
flavor food instead of salt
Limit the amount of salt in cooking
Add little salt at the table
Cut back on condiments such as mustard, relish, ketchup, soy sauce and barbecue sauce
Read Food Labels for Sodium Content
Use the Percent (%) Daily Value information on the label to see the percent of the daily requirement you are getting
“Low-sodium” foods: contain less than 140 mg of sodium
in each serving
provide 5% or less of the Daily Value for sodium
“High-sodium” foods: contain 20% or more of the Daily
Value of sodium
Follow a Healthy Meal Plan
High blood pressure can be reduced by following the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating planLowers LDL “bad” cholesterolReduces a person’s risk for heart disease
The DASH eating plan is high in:FruitVegetables Whole grainsFat-free or low-fat milk or milk products
These foods provide nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, fiber, and protein that tend to lower blood pressure
Follow a Healthy Meal Plan
Follow a Healthy Meal PlanThe DASH plan is low in:
Sodium Saturated fatCholesterolTotal fatRed meatsAdded sugars and sweetsBeverages that contain sugar
Breakfast
1 slice whole-wheat toast
2 tablespoons peanut butter
1 medium apple
1 cup fat-free milk
DASH Sample Menu
DASH Sample Menu Lunch
Tossed salad
4 cups of tossed lettuce leaves
2 ounces grilled chicken breast
1 cup sliced fruit (pear, pineapple or berries)
¼ cup almonds or walnuts
2 tablespoons non-fat dressing
6 reduced-sodium wheat crackers
1 cup sugar-free iced tea
DASH Sample Menus Dinner
3 ounces grilled salmon
1/3 cup brown rice or whole-wheat pasta
½ cup steamed broccoli and carrots
½ cup tossed salad with reduced-fat dressing
1 whole wheat roll with 1 teaspoon margarine(no trans fat)
1 cup fat-free milk
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Blood pressure rises as body weight increases
Losing weight is an effective means of reducing blood pressure
Take Part in Physical Activity
Regular exercise can lower systolic blood pressure by 2-10 mmHg
Check with your doctor before you begin exercising
30 minutes of physical activity five or more days per week is recommended
Limit AlcoholDrinking too much alcohol can raise your blood pressure
and add calories without adding nutrients
Alcohol should always be taken in moderation
No more than 1 drink per day for women
No more than 2 drinks per day for men
1 drink is counted as:12 ounces of regular beer 5 ounces of wine1 ½ ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits
Stop Smoking Smoking injures the walls of the arteries and causes
them to harden
Smoking is bad for everyone but even more for a person with high blood pressure
Take All Prescribed Medications
Not everyone takes the same kind of blood pressure medicine
Many individuals take more than one type of medication
It is important that you take medication as prescribed by your doctor
Diabetes Education SeriesHow would you describe your experiences and feelings
living with diabetes and high blood pressure.
What was most difficult for you?
What are ways that you could overcome some of these difficulties?
What can you learn from this person’s experience?
A-ctionDid you accomplish the goal you set last week?
Set a goal to help you control your blood pressure.
Questions aboutVirginia’s Story
What is Virginia’s problem?
Why is this a problem for Virginia?
What are things Virginia needs to do to solve this problem? (List as many suggestions as possible.)
What might be the best way to solve this problem at this point? Why?
Questions aboutVirginia’s Story
Please find the Real-Life Problem Solving handout for this lesson in your folder
These questions will help with your understanding of Virginia’s story
See you next week!
Topic: Cholesterol
There is nothing better than the encouragement of a good friend.
- Katharine Butler Hathaway
Date:
References:
Margaret E. Cook-Newell, Ph.D., R.D., L.D., CDE Irene Hong-McAtee, MD, MCR
Adrienne Glodt, B.S., Graduate Student Laura Hieronymus, MSEd, APRN, BC-ADM, CDE Cheryl Case, M.S., Harrison County Ann Hollon, M.A., Wolfe County
Hazel Forsythe, Ph.D., R.D., L.D., CFCS Stephen D. Perry, M.S., R.D., L.D. Pam Sigler, M.S. Lynn Blankenship, M.S., Metcalfe County Theresa Scott, M.A., Floyd County Tamara Thomas, M.S., Franklin County
Rusty Manseau, B.A., Graphic Artist
Author: Ingrid Adams, Ph.D., Assistant Professor , Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kentucky
Other Contributors