Unit Two – God’s Living Creation Chapter Five – Animal Classification.
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Transcript of Unit Two – God’s Living Creation Chapter Five – Animal Classification.
Animal Classification
Unit Two – God’s Living CreationChapter Five – Animal Classification
Animal ClassificationIntroduction
One of the most distinguishing characteristics of animals is whether or not they have backbones.Invertebrates – animals without backbonesVertebrates – animals with backbones
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates
There are more invertebrates than vertebrates.95% of animals are invertebrates.Scientists split invertebrates into smaller groups based on their unique characteristics.
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Sponges and Stinging Animals
SpongesThe water goes through tiny pores (holes) in the outside of the sponge. When the water flows through the sponge, the sponge extracts nutrients and small organisms that it needs.
JellyfishNematocysts – tiny stinging organelles used to capture food
Sea anemonesCorals
The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world.
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Mollusks
Mollusks – animals that have soft bodies and mantles (special parts that form a shell)
Snails, oysters, clamsBivalve – animal with two shells
Clams, mussels, oystersGastropods – “stomach footed”
Univalve – animal with only one shellSnail
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Mollusks
Slug – mollusk without a shellNudibranchs – a type of slug found in the ocean
Cephalopods – moves with a jetlike motion by forcing water through a tube in its body
Squids, octopuses, chambered nautilus
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Echinoderms
Radial symmetry – equal parts radiate from the centerThe bodies of echinoderms are shaped like the spokes of a bicycle wheel. Each of the spokes is the same. All echinoderms live in water and move around by using thousands of little tube feet.
Sea stars (starfish), sea urchins, sand dollarsFilter feeders – eat whatever comes floating through the water
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Echinoderms (continued)
Characteristics of EchinodermsHave hard skeletonsProtect themselves in different ways
Spines on their bodiesHide in cracksUse camouflageBreak off its own arm and grow another
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Flatworms
Bilateral symmetry – can be divided down the middle and be the same on each sideFlatworms are either:
Parasitic – live on or in other living organisms (hosts); depend on their hosts for nourishmentFree-living – independent of other organisms
Planarians
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Roundworms
Smooth and roundCan be parasites or free-livingRoundworms help decompose dead organisms, and therefore, help fertilize the soil.
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Segmented Worms
Annelid – segmented wormSegments – similar piecesSetae – hairlike structures that worms use to moveLeeches
Suck blood only from the outside
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Segmented Worms (continued)
Sea wormsEarthworms
Burrow around and make holes for air to get into the soilThe air helps plants in the soil to grow.Break down complex plant matter into nutrients that the plants around it can use.
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Arthropods
Arthropod – “jointed foot”Jointed legs and segmented bodies
Exoskeleton – an outer hard covering that protects the animalMolt – a process of shedding the exoskeleton in order to grow a new one and continue growing
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Arthropods – Crustaceans
Shrimp, lobsters, crabsCharacteristics of crustaceans
Have at least five pairs of jointed legsBreathe through gillsHave some sort of claw
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Arthropods – Arachnids
Arachnids – have eight legs and two body segmentsSpiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
TicksParasiticUse animals and humans as hostsTheir bites can spread diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease
SpidersMost familiar arachnidsSpinnerets – silk-spinning organs in the back of spiders
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Arthropods – Centi & Millipedes
Have many body segments and many legs
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Arthropods – Insects
Have three body segmentsHead, thorax, abdomen
Have three pairs of legsHave two pairs of wingsMouthparts
Beetles – chewing mouthpartsMosquitoes – piercing and sucking mouthpartsButterflies & Moths – siphoning mouthparts
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Arthropods – Insects (continued)
Metamorphosis – the process where an insect becomes an adultTwo types of metamorphosis
Incomplete metamorphosis – three stagesEggs, nymph, adult
Complete metamorphosis – four stagesEgg, larva, pupa, adult
Animal ClassificationInvertebrates – Arthropods – Insects (continued)
Bible IntegrationProverbs 30:25-28Even God’s animals behave in such a way that glorifies God. We choose our behavior. Shouldn’t it be one that honors God?!
Animal ClassificationVertebrates
Invertebrates make up most of the species of the animal kingdom.Vertebrates make up most of the size of the animal kingdom.Vertebrates are able to grow larger than invertebrates because their backbone gives support for their greater weight.Groups used to classify vertebrates
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Fish
All breathe through gillsCold-blooded – find warmth or coolness from their environmentsGrouped based on their skeletons – cartilage or bone
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Fish – Cartilage fish
Sharks, rays, and skatesCartilage – bonelike substance, but softer and more bendable than bone
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Fish – Bony fish
Have skeletons that are stronger and harder than cartilage fishBluegill, bass, trout, seahorse, eel
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Amphibians
Cold-blooded“Double life” – part in the water and part on landStages of frog metamorphosis
Egg – lay eggs in waterLarva – some eggs hatch into tadpoles
At the end of the larval stage, they lose their gills, grow legs, and move onto land
Adult
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Amphibians (continued)
FrogsSmooth skinAlways live near waterLarge, powerful hind legs for jumpingLay their eggs in clusters
ToadsShort legs – hop short distancesNubby skin that makes them look like they have wartsLay their eggs in long chains
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Reptiles
Cold-bloodedHave scaly skin that allows them to live in areas away from waterThree major groups
Turtles, lizards and snakes, and crocodilians
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Reptiles – Turtles
Clearly identified by its unique skeletal structureOmnivores – eating both plants and animalsHerbivores – eating only plants
Tortoises – high, domed shells
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Reptiles – Lizards and Snakes
LizardsLook like salamanders (amphibians), but belong to reptile group
SnakesCarnivores – eat only animalsSwallow their meals wholeUpper and lower jaws that are not tightly attachedCan swallow prey that is larger than the diameter of their own bodies
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Reptiles – Crocodilians
Alligators, caimans, crocodilesScaly skin, large bodies, short legs
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Birds
Birds are birds b/c they have feathersFeathers assist in flight, protect them from the water they swim in and provide needed warmthBirds that fly have very lightweight skeletons. Their bones are very hard, but they contain hollow, air-filled cavitiesGod has given each bird the perfect beak for the food it eatsWarm-blooded – having body temps that stay the same, regardless of their environment
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Mammals
All have hair or furWarm-bloodedMost bear live youngAll feed their young with milk from the mother’s bodyAll have a four-chambered heartHave three ear bonesAll breathe using lungs
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Mammals – Monotremes
Monotremes – lay eggs
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Mammals – Marsupials
Have pouches where their babies grow big enough to function
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Mammals – Rodents, Rabbits, Moles
RodentsMice, rats, squirrels, beavers, porcupinesHave large front teeth that never stop growing
RabbitsTeeth form differently than the rodent
MolesInsectivores – eat insects as their primary food
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Mammals – Bats
Only mammals that can flyNocturnal – come out at nightEcholocation – a technique used by bats in order for them to know where they are
Bats make high frequency clicks that bounce off objects. The bats judge the distance to the object by the time it takes the sound to return.
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Mammals – Hoofed mammals
Two groupsThose with odd number of toes on each hoof
Horses, zebras, burros, mulesThose with even number of toes on each hoof
“Cloven hoof”Deer, giraffes, camels, cattle, sheep, antelope, hippopotamus
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Mammals – Carnivores
Meat-eatersCats
Have retractable claws – the claws disappear into its paw when it does not need them for hunting or climbingPrides – group of lionsLions, cougars, tigers, jaguars
Dogs
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Mammals – Carnivores (continued)
PinnipedsSeals, walruses, sea lionsPrimary food is fish, though they will eat mollusks, crustaceans, and even penguinsCan live in the ocean and on land
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Mammals – Marine mammals
WhalesBlubber – fatty substance, rich in oil, that insulates whales against the coldBaleen whales
Instead of teeth, they have giant plates, called baleen plates, that help them gather plankton and tiny crustaceans (krill)
Pods – groups of whalesToothed whales
Dolphins, porpoises, orcas, sperm whalesUse echolocation (like bats)
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Mammals – Primates
Have good eyesightHave “hands” that can graspTwo groups
LemursMonkeys
New World Monkeys – spend much of their time in treesOld World Monkeys – spend much of their time on the ground
Animal ClassificationVertebrates – Humans
Genesis 1:24-27, 2:7One difference between man and animals is that God gave man a soul.Man was created separately from the rest of creation and was formed in the likeness and image of God.