UNIT TWO

HazMat/WMD Awareness Unit 2 slide 1

UNIT TWO

Understanding Hazardous Materials


Potential OutcomesTRACEM

• Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion)• Radiological• Asphyxiation (Oxygen Deficiency)• Chemical exposure• Etiological (Biological Hazards)• Mechanical


Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion)

• Heat from a fire or the heat released by a chemical reaction

• Extreme cold, such as liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids


Radiological

Alpha - Most damaging, but least penetratingHazard – InternalShielding – Paper, dead layer of skin, travels 1 to 2 cm in air

+ +

Beta - Small particle; low penetrationHazard - Primarily external, but also internalShielding - Plastic, safety glasses, travels several feet in air

- -


• Neutron - Highly penetrating• Hazard - External - most external dose due to

gamma• Shielding – plastic, water N

Gamma / X - Highly penetratingHazard - External - most external dose due to gammaShielding - Lead, steel, concrete, thick layers of water

Radiological (cont.)


Characteristics of Radiation

Example of the penetrating power of the various types of ionizing radiation


Asphyxiation

• Oxygen Deficiency• Chemical Reaction

THE RELEASE OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS (I.E. NITROGEN) CAN DEPLETE THE OXYGEN LEVEL BELOW SURVIVAL LIMITS.


Chemical

• Toxic or poisonous effects• Destructive effects from the exposure of

the chemical on human tissue


Etiological

• Bacteria• Viruses

Bacillus anthracis


Mechanical

• Debris• Excessive percussion (Noise)


Routes of exposure

• Inhalation• Ingestion• Absorption• Injection


Inhalation

• Nose• Throat• Trachea• Lungs


Ingestion

• Mouth• Throat• Esophagus• Stomach• Intestines


Absorption

• Eyes• Skin


Injection

• Needles• Projectiles• Shards• Nails


Exposure to Hazards

• Acute• Chronic

• Both types of exposures can have acute (immediate) and/or chronic (long term) effects.


Terrorist Events

• Intentional release• Secondary devices• Inflict mass casualties


Terrorist Chemical Agents• Choking Agents• Blood Agents• Blister Agents• Nerve Agents

The symptoms of these exposures can range from a runny nose to rapid death and are considered to be available to terrorist groups worldwide.


Emergency Medical Care

Treatment only after emergency decon

“Safety First”


Emergency DeconIf a rescue is attempted and is successful • the victim and the rescuer should be flushed

with copious amounts of water• Strip their outer level of clothing • await hazardous materials operations level

responders to arrive

THE RESCUER NOW BECOMES A VICTIM BECAUSE OF UNKNOWN HAZARD

EXPOSURE!!!


UNIT TWO TEST

UNIT TWO

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Transcript of UNIT TWO