Unit SevenUnit Seven

Study AimsStudy Aims IntroductionIntroduction Language Points Language Points Classroom ExercisesClassroom Exercises HomeworkHomework

Study AimsStudy Aims

to master the new words and useful phrases and expreto master the new words and useful phrases and expressionsssions

to practise the writing skill – writing a short compositto practise the writing skill – writing a short composition with a problem-solution pattern, and the reading sion with a problem-solution pattern, and the reading skill – identifying the writer’s purposekill – identifying the writer’s purpose

to see how business is involved in the matters of heart to see how business is involved in the matters of heart – roses on Valentine’s Day (Passage A), “Tunnel of L– roses on Valentine’s Day (Passage A), “Tunnel of Love” (Passage B), and the cost of open-heart surgery ove” (Passage B), and the cost of open-heart surgery (Passage C)(Passage C)

Section ASection A

A Rose is a RoseA Rose is a Rose

A Red, Red Rose A Red, Red Rose By Robert BurnsBy Robert Burns

O my luve is like a red, red rose,O my luve is like a red, red rose, That’s newly sprung in June;That’s newly sprung in June; O my luve is like the melodieO my luve is like the melodie That’s sweetly played in tune.That’s sweetly played in tune.

As fair art thou, my bonie lass, As fair art thou, my bonie lass, So deep in luve am I;So deep in luve am I; And I will luve thee still, my dear,And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a’ the seas gang dry.Till a’ the seas gang dry.

Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi’ the sun;And the rocks melt wi’ the sun;And I will luve thee still, my dear,And I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands o’ life shall run.While the sands o’ life shall run.

And fare thee weel, my only luve, And fare thee weel, my only luve, And fare thee weel a while,And fare thee weel a while, And I will come again, my luve,And I will come again, my luve, Tho’ it were ten thousand miles. Tho’ it were ten thousand miles.

CET4 Writing TopicCET4 Writing Topic Directions:Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 mi For this part, you are allowed 30 mi

nutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Jill. Writnutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Jill. Write a letter to your friend Li Fang. You should write a letter to your friend Li Fang. You should write at least 120 words according to the situation gie at least 120 words according to the situation given below in Chinese:ven below in Chinese:

假设你的好朋友李芳是大学四年级学生，正假设你的好朋友李芳是大学四年级学生，正在考虑是考研究生继续深造还是大学毕业后在考虑是考研究生继续深造还是大学毕业后就踏上工作岗位。请给她写封信表明你的态就踏上工作岗位。请给她写封信表明你的态度。度。

A brief introduction of the textA brief introduction of the text The text starts with the symbol of romance ---roses, and The text starts with the symbol of romance ---roses, and

further presents the current situation, including the further presents the current situation, including the production and sales problems facing the rose industry production and sales problems facing the rose industry in America.in America.

With the living costs in the US going up constantly, the With the living costs in the US going up constantly, the costs of love and devotion have also soared. The rose costs of love and devotion have also soared. The rose selling companies have turned overseas to bring in selling companies have turned overseas to bring in better, fresher, and cheaper roses in order to cut down better, fresher, and cheaper roses in order to cut down the cost of the gift of roses so the American buyers will the cost of the gift of roses so the American buyers will not switch to another type of flower in times of not switch to another type of flower in times of celebration. Now imported roses are sold across the celebration. Now imported roses are sold across the entire country. The lowered rose price is a blessing for entire country. The lowered rose price is a blessing for the lovers but a great challenge for the domestic rose the lovers but a great challenge for the domestic rose growers.growers.

Key Words and ExpressionsKey Words and Expressions

1. distribute – distribution – distributor1. distribute – distribution – distributor 2. executive – execute – execution – executor2. executive – execute – execution – executor 3. circulate – circulation3. circulate – circulation 4. index – indexes/indices4. index – indexes/indices 5. formula – formulas/formulae5. formula – formulas/formulae 6. import – export6. import – export 7. unload – load7. unload – load 8. replacement – replace8. replacement – replace 9. elevator – elevate – elevation9. elevator – elevate – elevation 10. typist – type – typewriter10. typist – type – typewriter

distributedistribute

1) supply (goods) in a particular area, esp. to shops1) supply (goods) in a particular area, esp. to shops 公司的目标是最终在整个欧盟发售它的产品。公司的目标是最终在整个欧盟发售它的产品。 The company aims eventually to The company aims eventually to distributedistribute its produ its produ

cts throughout the European Union. cts throughout the European Union. 2) divide and give out among several people, places, 2) divide and give out among several people, places,

etc.etc. 市长给优胜者颁发奖品。市长给优胜者颁发奖品。 The mayor The mayor distributeddistributed the prizes among the winners. the prizes among the winners.

3) spread out through an area3) spread out through an area The farmer The farmer distributeddistributed manure over a field. manure over a field. 农民把肥料撒在田里。农民把肥料撒在田里。 在世界各地区，人口增长将不会均匀分布。在世界各地区，人口增长将不会均匀分布。 Population growth will not be evenly Population growth will not be evenly distributeddistributed am am

ong the world's regions.ong the world's regions.

out of styleout of style

out of dateout of date 这种家具早就已经过时了。这种家具早就已经过时了。 Such kind of furniture has long gone out of style.Such kind of furniture has long gone out of style. opposite: opposite: in stylein style 开始流行开始流行 come into stylecome into style 在流行中在流行中 be in stylebe in style

offeroffer

vt. give; provide; hold out (to a person) for acceptancvt. give; provide; hold out (to a person) for acceptance or refusale or refusal

Parents like to Parents like to offeroffer advice to their children, who usu advice to their children, who usually are not willing to take it.ally are not willing to take it.

父母喜欢对孩子们提出劝告，可孩子们通常都不父母喜欢对孩子们提出劝告，可孩子们通常都不太愿意接受父母的劝告。太愿意接受父母的劝告。

对于他的成功，他的女朋友向他表示热烈的祝贺。对于他的成功，他的女朋友向他表示热烈的祝贺。 His girlfriend His girlfriend offeredoffered warm congratulations on his su warm congratulations on his su

ccess.ccess.

discountdiscount

n. a cutting-down in the usual pricen. a cutting-down in the usual price 销售经理答应给我按货价打八折。销售经理答应给我按货价打八折。 The sales manager promised to give me 20% The sales manager promised to give me 20% discoundiscoun

tt off the price of the goods. off the price of the goods. 我姑姑擅长讨价还价，她买东西总是能够打折。我姑姑擅长讨价还价，她买东西总是能够打折。 My aunt is good at bargaining and she always buys thMy aunt is good at bargaining and she always buys th

ings at a ings at a discountdiscount. .

vt. make a discountvt. make a discount 旅游价格折价了旅游价格折价了 33%33% 。 。 Tour prices are being Tour prices are being discounteddiscounted as much as 33%. as much as 33%. 这迫使航空公司为鼓励需求而对票价大打折扣。这迫使航空公司为鼓励需求而对票价大打折扣。 This has forced airlines to This has forced airlines to discountdiscount fares heavily in o fares heavily in o

rder to encourage demand.rder to encourage demand.

circulatecirculate

1) (cause to) move round or through1) (cause to) move round or through 在这儿，你有机会四处走动，还可以随便聊天。在这儿，你有机会四处走动，还可以随便聊天。 Here, you have a chance to Here, you have a chance to circulatecirculate and chat inform and chat inform

ally.ally. 假如我们的心脏很强健并且能够高效地工作，氧假如我们的心脏很强健并且能够高效地工作，氧

气就会在身体里循环流动，有助于身体组织的供气就会在身体里循环流动，有助于身体组织的供氧和更新。 氧和更新。

If our heart is strong and working efficiently, oxygen If our heart is strong and working efficiently, oxygen will will circulatecirculate all round the body helping to feed and r all round the body helping to feed and renew our body tissues.enew our body tissues.

2) (cause to) spread widely2) (cause to) spread widely The news of the enemy's defeat quickly The news of the enemy's defeat quickly circulatedcirculated ro ro

und the town. und the town. 敌人惨败的消息很快传遍全城。敌人惨败的消息很快传遍全城。 要发动军事政变的谣言开始流传开来。要发动军事政变的谣言开始流传开来。 Rumors of a military coup began to Rumors of a military coup began to circulatecirculate..

deliverydelivery 1) the act of taking or giving sth. to sb., or the things t1) the act of taking or giving sth. to sb., or the things t

aken or givenaken or given The company had just taken The company had just taken deliverydelivery of a new compu of a new compu

ter. ter. 公司刚刚收到一套新的电脑设备。公司刚刚收到一套新的电脑设备。 我们每周收到两次信。我们每周收到两次信。 We had two postal We had two postal deliveriesdeliveries each week. each week. 2) the process of giving birth2) the process of giving birth She had an easy She had an easy deliverydelivery in the hospital. in the hospital. 她在医院顺利生产。她在医院顺利生产。

soarsoar 1) rise very quickly to a high level1) rise very quickly to a high level 气温猛升到气温猛升到 43 ºC43 ºC 。。 The temperature The temperature soaredsoared to 43 degrees centigrade. to 43 degrees centigrade. 这 一事件也许会使石油价格猛升至这 一事件也许会使石油价格猛升至 5050 多美元一多美元一桶。桶。

The incident might also cause the price of oil to The incident might also cause the price of oil to soarsoar above $50 a barrel. above $50 a barrel.

2) (of a bird or airplane) rise high in the air while flyi2) (of a bird or airplane) rise high in the air while flying without moving the wings or using powerng without moving the wings or using power

The eagle is The eagle is soaringsoaring over the mountains. over the mountains. 老鹰在山巅翱翔。老鹰在山巅翱翔。

declinedecline

vi. move from a better to a worse position, or from higvi. move from a better to a worse position, or from higher to lowerher to lower

他老了，健康状况越来越差了。他老了，健康状况越来越差了。 His health is His health is decliningdeclining now that he is old. now that he is old. 虽有西方影响虽有西方影响 , , 中国的古老艺术并未因此而衰落。 中国的古老艺术并未因此而衰落。 The arts of China have not declined in spite of WesterThe arts of China have not declined in spite of Wester

n influence.n influence. 电视机的价格从每台电视机的价格从每台 400400元降到元降到 320320元。元。 The price of TV set declined from 400 to 320 yuan eaThe price of TV set declined from 400 to 320 yuan ea

ch. ch.

breakbreak

n. a chance (esp. to make things better); a piece of lucn. a chance (esp. to make things better); a piece of luck, esp. of good luckk, esp. of good luck

He‘s had a good year with several big/lucky He‘s had a good year with several big/lucky breaksbreaks. . 这一年他事事顺利，好运连连。 这一年他事事顺利，好运连连。 给他一个机会，他会成功的。给他一个机会，他会成功的。 Give him a break and he’ll succeed.Give him a break and he’ll succeed.

range from … to … range from … to …

meaning: vary or extend between certain limitsmeaning: vary or extend between certain limits The increase in GDP in various provinces of the coastThe increase in GDP in various provinces of the coast

al region ranged from several to several dozen times.al region ranged from several to several dozen times. 沿海地区各省的国内生产总值的增长从几倍到几沿海地区各省的国内生产总值的增长从几倍到几十倍不等。十倍不等。

参加这项活动的孩子，年龄由参加这项活动的孩子，年龄由 55岁至岁至 1515岁不等。岁不等。 The ages of the children who took part in the activity The ages of the children who took part in the activity

range from five to fifteen.range from five to fifteen.

account foraccount for

1) supply the amount that is mentioned1) supply the amount that is mentioned 2) explain or give a reason for sth.2) explain or give a reason for sth. 电脑软件占我们产品种类的电脑软件占我们产品种类的 7070％。％。 嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排。嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排。 Computer software accounts for 70% of our range of Computer software accounts for 70% of our range of

products. products. The suspect couldn't account for his time that night.The suspect couldn't account for his time that night.

be on sb’s sidebe on sb’s side

meaning: help sb. in achieving sth.; hold the same viemeaning: help sb. in achieving sth.; hold the same views as sb.ws as sb.

正义在我们这一边。正义在我们这一边。 法律不支持他们。法律不支持他们。 Justice is on our side.Justice is on our side. The law is not on their side.The law is not on their side.

long forlong for

meaning: want sth. very much; have a desire for sth.meaning: want sth. very much; have a desire for sth. 我很想喝杯冷饮。我很想喝杯冷饮。 I’m longing for a cool drinkI’m longing for a cool drink 。。 人们渴望降价，可降价不太可能。人们渴望降价，可降价不太可能。 Price reduction are longed for, but unlikely.Price reduction are longed for, but unlikely.

Text StructureText Structure

Part I (Para. 1) General situation of rose selling industPart I (Para. 1) General situation of rose selling industry in the US.ry in the US.

Part II (Paras. 2 – 6) Selling roses is no longer a beautPart II (Paras. 2 – 6) Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience for traditional flower shops.iful experience for traditional flower shops.

Part III (Paras. 7 – 12) US rose growers are going banPart III (Paras. 7 – 12) US rose growers are going bankrupt amid severe foreign competition.krupt amid severe foreign competition.

Part IV (Paras. 13 – 14) People today will wonder abPart IV (Paras. 13 – 14) People today will wonder about the price of roses more than before.out the price of roses more than before.

Problem 1: Problem 1: Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience Selling roses is no longer a beautiful experience

for traditional flower shops. Para. 2for traditional flower shops. Para. 2

Solutions:Solutions: Example of solution:Example of solution: Roses Only: The company was transformed from a Roses Only: The company was transformed from a

traditional shop. With its headquarters in New traditional shop. With its headquarters in New York, its has 3 stores in New York, 1 in Canada York, its has 3 stores in New York, 1 in Canada and 5 in Spain. It plans to expand to three more and 5 in Spain. It plans to expand to three more U.S. cities this year. Para. 3U.S. cities this year. Para. 3

Roses Only’s solution 1:Roses Only’s solution 1: Well-decorated shops attract customers and make tWell-decorated shops attract customers and make t

hem think they can buy roses cheap there. Para. 5hem think they can buy roses cheap there. Para. 5 Roses Only’s solution 2:Roses Only’s solution 2:

Encourage customers to buy in dozens instead of iEncourage customers to buy in dozens instead of in ones, twos and threes by cutting down the price. n ones, twos and threes by cutting down the price. Para. 5Para. 5

Roses Only’s solution 3:Roses Only’s solution 3: To cut down the cost, the company grows its own rTo cut down the cost, the company grows its own r

oses to sell fresh roses via overnight delivery and toses to sell fresh roses via overnight delivery and the company also sells other items such as balloons he company also sells other items such as balloons and stuffed animals. Para. 6and stuffed animals. Para. 6

Problem 2:Problem 2: While discount rose retailers watch their business While discount rose retailers watch their business

bloom, U.S. rose growers are going bankrupt amid bloom, U.S. rose growers are going bankrupt amid severe foreign competition. Today, more than 57% severe foreign competition. Today, more than 57% of roses sold in the U.S. are grown in other of roses sold in the U.S. are grown in other countries. Para. 7countries. Para. 7

Solutions:Solutions: Example of solution:Example of solution: Johnson FlowersJohnson Flowers

Johnson Flowers' solutions: Paras. 11 - 12Johnson Flowers' solutions: Paras. 11 - 12 1. Working with foreign flower growers.1. Working with foreign flower growers. 2. Having a few distribution centers to sell importe2. Having a few distribution centers to sell importe

d roses.d roses. 3. Widening their business area and being a repres3. Widening their business area and being a repres

entative for overseas flower producers.entative for overseas flower producers. 4. As a replacement for lost rose sales, the Johnson4. As a replacement for lost rose sales, the Johnson

s and other growers also are starting to sell other tys and other growers also are starting to sell other types of flowers.pes of flowers.

5. U.S. growers took advantage of a recent frost w5. U.S. growers took advantage of a recent frost which killed 25% of Colombia's rose crop. But they hich killed 25% of Colombia's rose crop. But they can not pin their hope on natural disasters.can not pin their hope on natural disasters.

Difficult SentencesDifficult Sentences

Nothing says love like a dozen long-stemmed roses oNothing says love like a dozen long-stemmed roses on Valentine’s Day (Para. 1)n Valentine’s Day (Para. 1)

Meaning: There is no other thing that can deliver the Meaning: There is no other thing that can deliver the message of love better than a bundle of long-stemmed message of love better than a bundle of long-stemmed roses on Valentine’s Day.roses on Valentine’s Day.

没有什么比情人节的一束长茎玫瑰更能表达爱情。没有什么比情人节的一束长茎玫瑰更能表达爱情。

For rose growers, those who distribute roses, and thosFor rose growers, those who distribute roses, and those who sell, this year’s anticipated 7% increase in sales e who sell, this year’s anticipated 7% increase in sales will be sweeter than a 5-pound box of chocolate candwill be sweeter than a 5-pound box of chocolate candy. (Para. 1)y. (Para. 1)

Meaning: It is expected that sales of roses this year wiMeaning: It is expected that sales of roses this year will increase 7%. For rose growers, those who deliver roll increase 7%. For rose growers, those who deliver roses, and those who sell, nothing can be better than the ses, and those who sell, nothing can be better than the news of the increase.news of the increase.

对于玫瑰花种植商、分销商及零售商来说，预计对于玫瑰花种植商、分销商及零售商来说，预计今年的销售量将增加今年的销售量将增加 77％， 这个数字比一盒％， 这个数字比一盒 55磅磅重的巧克力糖还要甜蜜。重的巧克力糖还要甜蜜。

Yes, a rose is a rose is a rose.Yes, a rose is a rose is a rose. The sentence is quoted from the famous The sentence is quoted from the famous

American female writer Gertrude Stein, whose American female writer Gertrude Stein, whose writing is characterized by repetition with writing is characterized by repetition with slight changes.slight changes.

one more example:one more example: ““Please be please be get, please get wet, wet Please be please be get, please get wet, wet

naturally, naturally in weather.”naturally, naturally in weather.”

Studies show more people are buying roses in ones, tStudies show more people are buying roses in ones, twos and threes these days. (Para. 5) wos and threes these days. (Para. 5)

Meaning: Studies show that these days more people bMeaning: Studies show that these days more people buy one or two or three roses at a time.uy one or two or three roses at a time.

Here, the present continuous tense is used to indicate Here, the present continuous tense is used to indicate the repetition of buying roses.the repetition of buying roses.

研究表明，眼下越来越多的人都是一朵、两朵、研究表明，眼下越来越多的人都是一朵、两朵、三朵地买玫瑰。三朵地买玫瑰。

in: (showing division or arrangement) so as to bein: (showing division or arrangement) so as to be The teacher asked the students to sit in groups so as tThe teacher asked the students to sit in groups so as t

o have group discussion.o have group discussion. 请将这些书十本一包地包好。请将这些书十本一包地包好。 Please pack the books in tens.Please pack the books in tens.

The company’s formula for success is to hold prices dThe company’s formula for success is to hold prices down by controlling every link in the rose chain. (Para. own by controlling every link in the rose chain. (Para. 6)6)

Meaning: The company’s key to success is to keep prMeaning: The company’s key to success is to keep prices down by controlling every step in the whole procices down by controlling every step in the whole process of the rose business.ess of the rose business.

该公司成功的秘诀是通过其销售链的每一个环节该公司成功的秘诀是通过其销售链的每一个环节降低成本。降低成本。

The trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as JohThe trend has hurt domestic rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California, considered to be this counson Flowers of California, considered to be this country’s leading producer.ntry’s leading producer.

Meaning: The trend that imported roses become more Meaning: The trend that imported roses become more and more popular has hurt home rose growers such as and more popular has hurt home rose growers such as Johnson Flowers of California, which is considered to Johnson Flowers of California, which is considered to be America’s leading rose producer.be America’s leading rose producer.

这一趋势损害了国内的玫瑰种植商，例如被认为这一趋势损害了国内的玫瑰种植商，例如被认为是美国美国种植大户的加州的约翰逊花卉公司。是美国美国种植大户的加州的约翰逊花卉公司。

The “overseas people” began unloading carnations, hThe “overseas people” began unloading carnations, he says, and virtually chased U.S. carnation growers oe says, and virtually chased U.S. carnation growers out of business. (Para. 10) ut of business. (Para. 10)

Meaning: Then “overseas people”, that is, the foreign Meaning: Then “overseas people”, that is, the foreign growers, began selling carnations in large numbers in growers, began selling carnations in large numbers in America, he says, and practically drove U.S. carnatioAmerica, he says, and practically drove U.S. carnation growers out of business.n growers out of business.

““海外人群”开始倾销康乃馨，最终迫使美国的海外人群”开始倾销康乃馨，最终迫使美国的康乃馨种植商推出该行业。康乃馨种植商推出该行业。

All the changes are making some in the rose business All the changes are making some in the rose business long for the good old days, when neighborhood flowelong for the good old days, when neighborhood flower shops arranged and delivered every Valentine’s Day r shops arranged and delivered every Valentine’s Day bundle of flowers. (Para. 13)bundle of flowers. (Para. 13)

Meaning: all the changes are making some people whMeaning: all the changes are making some people who are engaged in the rose business want to keep the go are engaged in the rose business want to keep the good old days, when nearby flower shops arranged and ood old days, when nearby flower shops arranged and delivered every bundle of flowers on Valentine’s Day.delivered every bundle of flowers on Valentine’s Day.

所有这些变化使得玫瑰行业的一些人很怀念过去所有这些变化使得玫瑰行业的一些人很怀念过去的好日子，那时附近的花店每个情人节都会安排的好日子，那时附近的花店每个情人节都会安排送花。送花。

Then everybody cranes their necks to see, and wondeThen everybody cranes their necks to see, and wonders who sent them to her. (Para. 13)rs who sent them to her. (Para. 13)

Meaning: Then everybody stretches their necks to see Meaning: Then everybody stretches their necks to see what’s happening, and wonders who sent the flowers what’s happening, and wonders who sent the flowers to her.to her.

然后每个人都伸长脖子去看，一边猜想是谁送花然后每个人都伸长脖子去看，一边猜想是谁送花给她。给她。

Language PointsLanguage Points

1. For rose growers, those who 1. For rose growers, those who distributedistribute roses,… (Para. 1) roses,… (Para. 1) 1) supply (goods) in a particular area, esp. to shops1) supply (goods) in a particular area, esp. to shops The company aims eventually to distribute its products throuThe company aims eventually to distribute its products throu

ghout the European Union.ghout the European Union. 公司的目标是最终在整个欧盟发售它的产品。公司的目标是最终在整个欧盟发售它的产品。 2) divide and give out among several people, places, etc.2) divide and give out among several people, places, etc.

The groups raise money and distribute it to help those in neeThe groups raise money and distribute it to help those in need, mainly through social workers. d, mainly through social workers.

各小组筹集钱款，然后把钱分发给那些贫困各小组筹集钱款，然后把钱分发给那些贫困的人以帮助他们，这个工作主要通过社会工的人以帮助他们，这个工作主要通过社会工作者来做。作者来做。The mayor The mayor distributeddistributed the prizes among the win the prizes among the winners. ners.

市长给优胜者颁发奖品。市长给优胜者颁发奖品。3) spread out through an area3) spread out through an areaThe farmer The farmer distributeddistributed manure over a field. manure over a field.

农民把肥料撒在田里。农民把肥料撒在田里。Population growth will not be evenly Population growth will not be evenly distributedistributedd among the world's regions. among the world's regions.

在世界各地区，人口增长将不会均匀分布。在世界各地区，人口增长将不会均匀分布。

2. 2. Supermarkets now Supermarkets now offeroffer convenience to th convenience to the busy.e busy. (Para. 2)(Para. 2)

offer: vt. give; provide; hold out (to a person) offer: vt. give; provide; hold out (to a person) for acceptance or refusalfor acceptance or refusal

Parents like to Parents like to offeroffer advice to their children, advice to their children, who usually are not willing to take it.who usually are not willing to take it. 父母喜父母喜欢对孩子们提出劝告，可孩子们通常都不欢对孩子们提出劝告，可孩子们通常都不太愿意接受父母的劝告。太愿意接受父母的劝告。His girlfriend His girlfriend offeredoffered warm congratulations warm congratulations on his success. on his success.

对于他的成功，他的女朋友向他表示热烈对于他的成功，他的女朋友向他表示热烈的祝贺。的祝贺。

3. And 3. And discountdiscount rose shops help those hopelessly in l rose shops help those hopelessly in love save money. (Para. 2)ove save money. (Para. 2)

discount: n. a cutting-down in the usual price discount: n. a cutting-down in the usual price The sales manager promised to give me 20% The sales manager promised to give me 20% discoundiscountt off the price of the goods. off the price of the goods. 销售经理答应给我按货销售经理答应给我按货价打八折。价打八折。My aunt is good at bargaining and she always buys thMy aunt is good at bargaining and she always buys things at a ings at a discountdiscount. .

我姑姑擅长讨价还价，她买东西总是能够打折。我姑姑擅长讨价还价，她买东西总是能够打折。vt. make a discountvt. make a discountTour prices are being Tour prices are being discounteddiscounted as much as 33%. as much as 33%. 旅游价格折价了旅游价格折价了 33%33% 。 。 This has forced airlines to This has forced airlines to discountdiscount fares heavily in o fares heavily in order to encourage demand. rder to encourage demand. 这迫使航空公司为鼓励这迫使航空公司为鼓励需求而对票价大打折扣。需求而对票价大打折扣。

4. 4. …circulate among the counters and stare at shelf after s…circulate among the counters and stare at shelf after shelf of roses in more than 50 colors. (Para. 4)helf of roses in more than 50 colors. (Para. 4)

circulate: v. circulate: v. 1) (cause to) move round or through1) (cause to) move round or throughHere, you have a chance to Here, you have a chance to circulatecirculate and chat informally. and chat informally.

在这儿，你有机会四处走动，还可以随便聊天。在这儿，你有机会四处走动，还可以随便聊天。The principle is to support the crop above the ground and to allThe principle is to support the crop above the ground and to allow the air to ow the air to circulatecirculate freely through it. freely through it.

原则就是将庄稼从地面上支起来，让空气从中自由流通。原则就是将庄稼从地面上支起来，让空气从中自由流通。A buffet meal is more sociable, enabling you to A buffet meal is more sociable, enabling you to circulatecirculate freel freely. y.

自助餐使你能自由走动，这更有利于与人交往。自助餐使你能自由走动，这更有利于与人交往。

If our heart is strong and working efficiently, oxIf our heart is strong and working efficiently, oxygen will ygen will circulatecirculate all round the body helping to all round the body helping to feed and renew our body tissues. feed and renew our body tissues.

假如我们的心脏很强健并且能够高效地工作，假如我们的心脏很强健并且能够高效地工作，氧气就会在身体里循环流动，有助于身体组氧气就会在身体里循环流动，有助于身体组织的供氧和更新。织的供氧和更新。2) (cause to) spread widely 2) (cause to) spread widely The news of the enemy's defeat quickly The news of the enemy's defeat quickly circulatcirculateded round the town. round the town.

敌人惨败的消息很快传遍全城。敌人惨败的消息很快传遍全城。Rumors of a military coup began to Rumors of a military coup began to circulatecirculate. .

要发动军事政变的谣言开始流传开来。要发动军事政变的谣言开始流传开来。

5. 5. …when the price of a dozen roses and delivery …when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150,… (Para. 5)can soar as high as $150,… (Para. 5)

delivery: n. delivery: n. 1) the act of taking or giving sth. to sb., or the things t1) the act of taking or giving sth. to sb., or the things taken or givenaken or givenThe company had just taken The company had just taken deliverydelivery of a new compu of a new computer. ter.

公司刚刚收到一套新的电脑设备。公司刚刚收到一套新的电脑设备。We had two postal We had two postal deliveriesdeliveries each week. each week.

我们每周收到两次信。我们每周收到两次信。2) the process of giving birth2) the process of giving birthShe had an easy She had an easy deliverydelivery in the hospital. in the hospital.

她在医院顺利生产。 她在医院顺利生产。

6. 6. …when the price of a dozen roses and delivery …when the price of a dozen roses and delivery can soar as high as $150,… (Para. 5)can soar as high as $150,… (Para. 5)

soar: vi. soar: vi. 1) rise very quickly to a high level1) rise very quickly to a high levelThe temperature The temperature soaredsoared to 43 degrees centigrade ( to 43 degrees centigrade ( 摄摄氏氏 ) on July 25. ) on July 25.

77月月 2525日，气温猛升到日，气温猛升到 43 ºC43 ºC 。。The incident might also cause the price of oil to The incident might also cause the price of oil to soarsoar above $50 a barrel and stay there for some months. above $50 a barrel and stay there for some months.

这 一事件也许会使石油价格猛升至这 一事件也许会使石油价格猛升至 5050 多美元一多美元一桶，而后一直持续几个月。桶，而后一直持续几个月。People in this town starvedPeople in this town starved ；； several buildings were several buildings were bombed and crime bombed and crime soaredsoared because you had to steal to because you had to steal to eat. eat.

这个镇上的人们在挨饿，几幢大楼被炸毁，这个镇上的人们在挨饿，几幢大楼被炸毁，犯罪事件剧增，因为只有偷窃才能吃上东西。犯罪事件剧增，因为只有偷窃才能吃上东西。

2) (of a bird or airplane) rise high in the air whil2) (of a bird or airplane) rise high in the air while flying without moving the wings or using powe flying without moving the wings or using powererThe eagle is The eagle is soaringsoaring over the mountains. over the mountains.

老鹰在山巅翱翔。老鹰在山巅翱翔。Inexperienced pilots get into difficulties when thInexperienced pilots get into difficulties when they are ey are soaringsoaring. .

缺少经验的飞行员在滑翔时会遇到困难。缺少经验的飞行员在滑翔时会遇到困难。

7. 7. The company's formula for success… (Para. 6)The company's formula for success… (Para. 6) formula: n. (pl. formulas or formulae) formula: n. (pl. formulas or formulae)

1) a method, plan, or set of principles worked out to achieve a 1) a method, plan, or set of principles worked out to achieve a desired resultdesired resultA good education and hard work seem to be a A good education and hard work seem to be a formulaformula for suc for success. cess.

良好的教育和勤奋地工作是成功的秘诀。良好的教育和勤奋地工作是成功的秘诀。Tom's Tom's formulaformula for his success in passing the examination is to for his success in passing the examination is to study on his own but ask the teacher for help whenever he has study on his own but ask the teacher for help whenever he has any questions. any questions.

汤姆成功通过考试的诀窍就是坚持自学，但如有疑问，就汤姆成功通过考试的诀窍就是坚持自学，但如有疑问，就请教老师。请教老师。They have proposed a third They have proposed a third formulaformula. .

他们提出了第三种方案。他们提出了第三种方案。

2) a mathematical rule expressed in a set of num2) a mathematical rule expressed in a set of numbers and lettersbers and lettersThe chemical The chemical formulaformula for water is H2O. for water is H2O.

水的分子式是水的分子式是 H2OH2O 。。What is the What is the formulaformula for converting miles to kilo for converting miles to kilometers? meters?

用什么公式把英里换算成公里？用什么公式把英里换算成公里？3) a list of the chemical substances used in maki3) a list of the chemical substances used in making a medicine, a drink, etc., sometimes also inclng a medicine, a drink, etc., sometimes also including a description of how they are to be mixeduding a description of how they are to be mixeda a formulaformula for making toothpaste for making toothpaste

牙膏配方牙膏配方

8. 8. Sales of U.S.-grown roses have declined Sales of U.S.-grown roses have declined from 565 million in 1988 to an estimated 52from 565 million in 1988 to an estimated 520 million in 1993, says an industry group. (P0 million in 1993, says an industry group. (Para. 7)ara. 7)

decline: vi. move from a better to a worse positdecline: vi. move from a better to a worse position, or from higher to lowerion, or from higher to lowerHis health is His health is decliningdeclining now that he is old. now that he is old.

他老了，健康状况越来越差了。他老了，健康状况越来越差了。That old lady wants to spend her That old lady wants to spend her decliningdeclining yea years by the sea. rs by the sea.

那位老太太想在海边度过她的晚年。那位老太太想在海边度过她的晚年。

9. 9. Our profit margin has dropped substantially. (Para. 8)Our profit margin has dropped substantially. (Para. 8) margin: n. margin: n.

1) the difference between the amount of money that a company re1) the difference between the amount of money that a company receives and the amount that it spendsceives and the amount that it spendsUp to now we have maintained our Up to now we have maintained our marginsmargins while other compani while other companies have cut prices. es have cut prices. 到目前为止，我们保持住了我们的利润，到目前为止，我们保持住了我们的利润，而其他公司则在降低价格。而其他公司则在降低价格。The computer company had a net profit The computer company had a net profit marginmargin of 30% last year. of 30% last year.

去年这家电脑公司实现去年这家电脑公司实现 30%30% 的净利润率。的净利润率。2) the amount by which one thing is greater than another2) the amount by which one thing is greater than anotherHe was elected by a narrow He was elected by a narrow marginmargin. .

他以微弱多数当选。他以微弱多数当选。

The school has made a schedule that leaves a wide The school has made a schedule that leaves a wide marmargingin of time for students' self-study. of time for students' self-study.

学校制订了一个时间表，给学生们留有充裕的自学学校制订了一个时间表，给学生们留有充裕的自学时间。时间。Jack's mother always allows a Jack's mother always allows a marginmargin of $50 in the mo of $50 in the monthly budget of the family. nthly budget of the family. 杰克的妈妈总是在家里每杰克的妈妈总是在家里每月的预算中留出月的预算中留出 5050美元余款。美元余款。3) empty space round the written or printed matter on a 3) empty space round the written or printed matter on a pagepageFor example, you could double the width of the For example, you could double the width of the marginmarginss or reformat the text into several columns. or reformat the text into several columns.

例如，你可以将页边空白处加宽一倍，或者将文稿例如，你可以将页边空白处加宽一倍，或者将文稿重新排成几列。重新排成几列。Students like to take notes in the Students like to take notes in the marginmargin of their textbo of their textbook. ok.

学生们喜欢在课本的页边空白处记笔记。学生们喜欢在课本的页边空白处记笔记。

10. 10. U.S. growers got a break this Valentine's U.S. growers got a break this Valentine's Day;… (Para. 12)Day;… (Para. 12)

break: n. a chance (esp. to make things better); break: n. a chance (esp. to make things better); a piece of luck, esp. of good lucka piece of luck, esp. of good luckHe's had a good year with several big He's had a good year with several big breaksbreaks. .

这一年他事事顺利，好运连连。这一年他事事顺利，好运连连。Anna got a lucky Anna got a lucky breakbreak yesterday when the tea yesterday when the teacher failed to notice she was late for class. cher failed to notice she was late for class.

安娜昨天运气不错，上课迟到而老师却没有安娜昨天运气不错，上课迟到而老师却没有注意到。注意到。

A Key to the CET4 Writing TopicA Key to the CET4 Writing Topic

Dear Fang,Dear Fang, I understand that you are in a dilemma. Although so many I understand that you are in a dilemma. Although so many

graduates are eager to set feet on their work-life road, there are still graduates are eager to set feet on their work-life road, there are still some who prefer to start their new life after gaining another degree some who prefer to start their new life after gaining another degree to make better preparation for entering society. In my opinion, the to make better preparation for entering society. In my opinion, the latter are more admirable. You are good at all your course these latter are more admirable. You are good at all your course these years, so if you do like to spend another two or three years on years, so if you do like to spend another two or three years on campus, you should stick to it. In today's society, the achievement campus, you should stick to it. In today's society, the achievement and status you can get and the devotion you can make are no doubt and status you can get and the devotion you can make are no doubt in proportion to your educational background and degrees, coupled in proportion to your educational background and degrees, coupled with the efforts you put in them. If you want to stride to your with the efforts you put in them. If you want to stride to your destinations more smoothly and easily, why not head for the further destinations more smoothly and easily, why not head for the further study courageously? Whichever you choose, I firmly believe your study courageously? Whichever you choose, I firmly believe your industry will ensure your success. After all, it is you who have the industry will ensure your success. After all, it is you who have the finally say on the final choice.finally say on the final choice.

Best wishes,Best wishes, Yours sincerelyYours sincerely

IV. HomeworkIV. Homework Read Section C and do the exercises.Read Section C and do the exercises. Do Ex. XVII and XVIII (on Page 206-207).Do Ex. XVII and XVIII (on Page 206-207).