Unit Overview - Level 10 Unit 1

8/2/2019 Unit Overview - Level 10 Unit 1

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Unit Overview Level 10 Unit 1

Extreme activitiesCan you describe your passions in life? In this unit you'll learn more about using superlatives to discuss passions, hobbies andactivities.

Vocabulary

Vocabulary Phonetic spelling Part of speech Translation / definition

shoot UK [u:t] US [u:t] verbto try to score points for yourself or yourteam, in sports involving a ball, by kicking,hitting or throwing the ball towards the goal

skydivingUK ['skai,dai.vi] US['skai,dai.vi]

nouna sport in which a person jumps from anaircraft and falls for as long as possiblebefore opening a parachute

phenomenalUK [f'nm.i.nl] US[-'n:.m-]

adjectiveextremely successful or special, especially ina surprising way

pick up phrasal verb to increase or improve

block UK [blk] US [bl:k] verbto prevent movement through something, orto prevent something from happening orsucceeding

bounceUK [baunts] US[baunts]

verbto (cause to) move up or away after hittinga surface

score UK [sk:r] US [sk:r] verbto win or get a point, goal, etc. in acompetitive activity, such as a sport orgame, or in an examination

scuba divingUK ['sku:.b,dai.vi]US ['sku:.b,dai.vi]

nounthe sport of swimming under water withspecial breathing equipment

helmetUK ['hel.mt] US['hel.mt]

nouna strong hard hat that covers and protectsthe head

hikingUK ['hai.ki] US['hai.ki]

nounthe activity of going for long walks in thecountryside

hit UK [hit] US [hit] verbto swing your hand or an object onto thesurface of something so that it touches it,usually with force

life jacket noun

a piece of equipment, like a jacket withoutsleeves, that is filled with air or lightmaterial and is designed to help someonefloat if they fall into water

dribbleUK ['drib.l=] US['drib.l=]

verb

(in football or hockey) to move a ball alongthe ground with repeated small kicks or hits,or (in basketball) to move a ball by

repeatedly hitting it against the floor withyour hand

exhilaratingUK [ig'zil..rei.ti]US [-i]

adjective making you feel very excited and happy

dunk UK [dk] US [dk] verb to slam-dunk

pass out phrasal verbto become unconscious for a short time, forexample when ill, badly hurt or drunk

abseilingUK ['b.seil] US['b.seil]

verbto go down a very steep slope by holding onto a rope which is fastened to the top of theslope

brilliantUK ['bril.i.nt] US['bril.i.nt]

adjective very good

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bungeejumping

UK['bn.di,dm.pi] US['bn.di,dm.pi]

noun

the sport of jumping off a very high bridge orsimilar structure, with a long elastic ropetied to your legs, so that the rope pulls youback before you hit the ground

very UK ['ver.i] US ['ver.i] adverb(used to add emphasis to an adjective oradverb) to a great degree or extremely

ridiculousUK [ri'dik.ju.ls] US[ri'dik.ju.ls]

adjectivestupid or unreasonable and deserving to belaughed at

flippers UK ['flip.r ] US [- ] nouna type of large flat rubber shoe, used forswimming, especially under water

foul UK [faul] US [faul] verbto do something against the rules of a sport,often causing injury to another player

throw UK [ru] US [rou] verbto send something through the air withforce, especially by a sudden movement ofthe arm

hang-gliding noun the activity of using a hang-glider

spectacularUK [spek'tk.ju.lr]

US [-l`]

adjective very exciting to look at

harnessUK ['h:.ns] US['h:r-]

nouna piece of equipment, with straps and belts,used to control or hold in place a person,animal or object

hoop UK [hu:p] US [hu:p] nouna ring of wood, metal or plastic, orsometimes a half ring

swing UK [swi] US [swi] verb

to move easily and without interruptionbackwards and forwards or from one side tothe other, especially from a fixed point, or tocause something or someone to do this

nauseatingUK ['n:.zi.ei.ti] US['n:.zi.ei.i]

adjective making you feel as if you are going to vomit

paddle UK ['pd.l=] US['pd.l=]

noun a short pole with a wide flat part at one endor both ends, used for moving a small boator canoe through the water

parachuteUK ['pr..u:t] US['per-]

noun

a piece of equipment made of a large pieceof special cloth which is fastened tosomeone or something that is dropped froman aircraft, in order to make them fall slowlyand safely to the ground

below thebelt

If a remark is below the belt, it is veryhurtful and unfair.

miss UK [mis] US [mis] verbto fail to do or experience something, oftensomething planned or expected, or to avoiddoing or experiencing something

gorgeous UK ['g:.ds] US['g:r-]

adjective very beautiful or pleasant

show up phrasal verbto arrive somewhere in order to join a groupof people, especially late or unexpectedly

jumpUK [dmp] US[dmp]

verbto push yourself suddenly off the ground andinto the air using your legs

kayakUK ['kai.k] US['kai.k]

nouna light narrow canoe with a covering over thetop

kayakingUK ['kai.k.i] US['kai.k.i]

noun the activity of travelling in a kayak

Language focus




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Extreme adjectives

Most adjectives can be measured or graded. At one end are ordinary adjectives, and at the other are extremeadjectives that add emphasis.

Look at how we can use different adjectives to grade an experience:Hiking is interesting.

Snowboarding is enjoyable.Hang gliding is fun.However, some adjectives describe an extreme feeling or situation:The hiking was spectacular.Snowboarding is awesome.Hang gliding is amazing.

Using extreme adjectives is one way to add emphasis to your spoken English. For example, Hang gliding is amazing ismuch stronger than Hang gliding is fun.

When you use extreme adjectives, make sure you also add emphasis to your pronunciation:The hiking was spectacular!Hang gliding is amazing!

Adverbs of degree

There are two kinds of adverbs of degree intensifiers and downtoners.

Intensifiers make adjectives stronger:Im very cold.Hes extremely confident.

Downtoners make adjectives weaker.Im rather cold.Hes fairly confident.

Extreme intensifiersExtreme adjectives need extreme intensifying adverbs:absolutely fantastic (correct)very fantastic (wrong)

extremely delicious (correct)very delicious (wrong)

Be careful: Really can go with any adjective, extreme or ordinary:really fantasticreally deliciousreally goodreally amazing

Modifying superlatives

Superlatives are used to express opinion. Placing a modifier in front of the superlative further modifies the expression ofopinion. For example:

She's absolutely the most beautiful girl in the world.

She's by far the most beautiful girl in the world.

She's easily the most beautiful girl in the world.

She's probably the most beautiful girl in the world.

Encouraging

When writing formal written texts, polite language is used to encourage someone to do something.

I urge you to consider...I urge you to reconsider...I want to encourage you to...Wouldnt you prefer to...?Would you consider?

Less formal, common spoken phrases:




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Why don't you apply for...?Have you ever thought about... ing?You could always

Gerunds and Infinitives

Some verbs are followed by a gerund (-ing).

The players couldn't risk losing.The striker practiced shooting every day.

Some verbs are followed by the infinitive (to + base form of verb).

They wanted to win more than the other team.He decided to shoot for goal from twenty yards out.

Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive with no change in meaning.He loves watching basketball on TV.He loves to watch basketball on TV.

However, the meaning changes when some verbs are followed by either a gerund or an infinitive. For example:

They stopped to talk about last night's game.(They stopped what they were doing and started talking about the game. )

They stopped talking about last night's game.(They had been talking about the game, but then they stopped. )

He remembered packing his uniform on the weekend.(This is something he remembers he used to do regularly, but not any more. )

He remembered to pack his uniform on the weekend.(This is something he didn't forget to do. )

Phrasal verbs

A phrasal verb is a multi-word verb consisting of a verb + particle (classified as adverb). The meaning is different fromindividual meaning of the verb and the particle.

I'd really shown myselfup. (Meaning: I had embarrassed myself )

Phrasal verbs that require objects are separable. The object can be placed between the verb and the preposition.

He picked me up and helped me.I'd really shown myselfup.

Phrasal verbs that do not require objects are inseparable. The object is placed after the adverb.

Ijumpedout of the ski-lift.

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Transitive verbs: verbs that are followed by an object or complement.

I encouraged him to find a skateboard and I helped him to buy a nice one.We invited my brother's friend.

Intransitive verbs do not need to be followed by an object or complement.

I got up.The dog barked.



Unit Overview - Level 10 Unit 1

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