Unit IV: Nutrition The foods we eat and how we process it. What do humans need from the environment?
Transcript of Unit IV: Nutrition The foods we eat and how we process it. What do humans need from the environment?
Unit IV: Nutrition
The foods we eat and how we process it.
What do humans need from the environment?
A. Nutrition1. The life activity involved in obtaining _____________.
a. __________ = taking in of nutrientsb. __________ = breaking down of nutrientsc. __________ = elimination of unused foods
2. Nutrients - environmental _________ necessary for life- used for ________- used to create _____ and body parts
a. MacronutrientsMacronutrients are nutrientsthat the body needs in _________quantities
1. ________________- Examples: ________________candy, cookies, pasta, bread, potatoes, oats- Source of __________ for the body- Specific Carbs: Glucose, Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose, Glycogen, Cellulose
2. _______________
Examples: Meat, fish, eggs, beans
Building blocks for components of the __________________
Muscle, hair, nails, skin, enzymes
Proteins are made
of ______________Essential Amino Acids: Isoleucine, Leucine, lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan and Valine.
3. Lipids Examples: _______, Oils, and Waxes Used for:
Insulation Protection Cell membranes, _____________
Two Types of Fats:1. Saturated Fats filled with hydrogen atoms, solid
at room temperature generally they are ________________
2. Unsaturated
Monounsaturated
Polyunstaturated
_______________
b. Micronutrients•Vitamins
◦A – _____________________________________◦B – ______________________________◦C – ________________________◦D – _______________◦E – ___________________________________◦K – ____________
•Minerals
◦Calcium – ___________________
◦Folic Acid – ________________
◦Iron – _________________
◦Magnesium – ________________
◦Phosphorus – _____________
◦Potassium – ____________________________
◦Zinc – ________________
3. Heterotrophic Nutritiona. Organisms need to obtain preformed organic molecule
______________________eat the products from another organism
b. Types of HeterotrophsHerbivore – ___________Carnivore – ___________Omnivore – ____________________Detritivore – ____________________
B. Human Nutrition1. Nutritional Requirements
Depends upon: _________________________________________________________________
Eat a variety of foodsCalories = amount of energy in foodPay attention to what you eat
Nutritional Needs
Nutrient
Calories 2000
Carbohydrates 300 g
Fiber 25 g
Proteins 50 g
Fats (no more than 30%)
65 g
Saturated Fat 20 g
Cholesterol 300 mg
Sodium 2400 mg
Potassium 3500 mg
Calcium 1000 mg
Iron 18 mg
Iodine 150 micrograms
Phosphorus 1000 mg
Magnesium 400 mg
Zinc 15 mg
Selenium 70 micrograms
Copper 2 mg
Manganese 2 mg
Chromium 120 micrograms
Molybdenum 75 micrograms
Chloride 3400 mg
Vitamin A 5000 IU
Vitamin B 6 2 mg
Vitamin B 12 6 micrograms
Vitamin C 60 mg
Vitamin D 400 IU
Vitamin E 30 IU
Vitamin K 80 micrograms
Thiamin 1.5 mg
Riboflavin 1.7 mg
Niacin 20 mg
Folic Acid 400 micrograms
Biotin 300 micrograms
Pantothenic Acid 10 mg
2. Human Digestive Systema. also known as: alimentary canal,
Gastrointestinal tract (GI)
b. ________________________the inside of your digestive system is exposed to theoutside environment
c.________________ – happens outside of cells
d. 3 Processes Ingestion Digestion Egestion
d. Organs of the Human Digestive System 1. ____________
__________ ____________________
Make into smaller pieces – this increases thesurface area of the food
_______ – salivary glands, moistens food so it can slide
down ___________________
Change the molecules that make up the foodDone by enzymes Amylase = enzymeStarch Glucose
2. Pharynxback of the ________, where the “wind pipe” and “food pipe” come together
___________ – small flap of muscle that directs food down the esophagus
3. _____________muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
____________ – muscular contractions that push food down the digestive system
Peristalsis Video
4. ____________Strong muscular storage sac___________________ – Stomach muscles crush and churn food___________________
_____________ = Pepsin (enzyme) + Hydrochloric Acid Digests proteins into amino acids
5. ____________
Makes digestive _________ for small intestine
6. _________
Makes ________ (waste) emulsifies fats
Gall Bladder – “bag” under the liver that holds bile
Food does not enter the pancreas nor the liver
Liver and pancreas are called
_____________________
7. __________________Long convoluted tube________________________________
Enzymes from pancreas - Amylase, Protease, LipaseMechanically digests Lipids - uses bile from liver to emulsify fats____________ of nutrients
villi and microvilli – small projections of the smallintestine wall______________________ – absorbs more materials
8. _________________also known as the ColonShorter than the small intestineMany beneficial ___________ live in the large intestineReabsorbs __________ , some vitamins and mineralsUndigested food = feces - Egested through anus defecation
3. Diseases / Disorders of the Human Digestive SystemScurvy – JohnnyStomach Cancer - JohannaUlcers - AlanAcid reflux - ElardAppendicitisDiarrhea & Constipation - KeshaPellagraAnorexia Nervosa & Bulimia - JocelynKwashiorkor DysenteryCrohn Disease ColitisIrritable Bowel SyndromeDiverticulitis - MeganE. coli – Food poisoning - Ashley