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Unit II, Chapter 25 pg 950-971 selected portions
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Transcript of Unit II, Chapter 25 pg 950-971 selected portions
Unit II, Chapter 25 pg 950-971 selected portions
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain, ATP stores potential energy
Some cell processes req’ring energy Na+/K+ pump
(as any active transport process) Power stroke of skeletal muscle Glycolysis Flagellar motility Microtubule movement during cell division
ATP is a high energy molecule Phosphorylation of ADP increase its PE
Forming bonds _____________________ Breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd
P group results in energy liberation ATP ADP
ATPase – enzyme, catalyzes _________ bond, creating ADP ________ ________ is used do work
Linking catabolism & anabolism
Oxidation & reduction rxns _______________- removal of electrons, or H+
decrease potential energy content Oxidation of glucose = cellular respiration
Usually exergonic – releases energy Cmpds such as glucose (reduced) have lots of H
contain more chemical P.E. than the oxidized cmpds
________________- addition of e- or H+ increase of energy content of molecule
Oxidation & reduction rxns are always coupled
Cellular respiration ___________________ to produce ATP To attach a phosphate group to ADP to produce
ATP ____________ energy Series 4 reactions in presence of oxygen produces
more ATP than when oxygen is absent: Glycolysis Acetyl Coenzyme A formation Krebs cycle Electron Transport Chain
Cellular respiration (2) __________ cellular respiration- oxygen absent
glucose breakdown, catabolic rxns 2 pyruvic acid This process is called glycolysis
1 glucose yields 2 ATP happens in cytosol
____________- in presence of oxygen Glycolysis + rxns 6 CO2 + 6 H2O & energy
Generates heat and 36-38 ATP happens in mitochondria
Overview of cell respiration (oxidation of glucose)
Glycolysis – 10 steps, fig 25.4 Rxn generates 4 ATP & 2 pyruvic acid* Net gain:
2 ATP = metabolic energy 2 NADH = intermediate for e- transport chain 2 H+ = intermediate for e- transport chain
* Oxygen _______, pyruvic acid mitochondria for Krebs cycle and ETC
* Oxygen _______, pyruvic acid likely converted to lactic acid via anaerobic resp in cytosol Lactic acid liver to be converted to glucose
Fate of pyruvic acid Oxygen present
mitochondria, becomes CoA and goes to Krebs
Oxygen absent – converted to lactic acid in cytosol (lactic acid bloodstream liver where it is converted back to pyruvic acid)
3 main results of Krebs cycle reduced coenzymes NADH + H+ and
FADH2, containing ________________
GTP, which ___________ to make ATP CO2 bloodstream and ________ at lungs
6 CO2 made for every glucose
So, how do we get 36-38 ATP?....
1 glucose yields 36-38 ATP 3 NADH + 3 H+ e- transport = 9 ATP 1 FADH2 e- transport = 2 ATP 1 ATP from GTP conversion
Multiply the above results by 2 because 2 Acetyl CoA come from one glucose!
2 NADH produced during glycolysis produce 4-6 ATP
2 NADH produced during Acetyl CoA formation also produce 6 ATP
2 ATP from glycolysis
Electron Transport Chain Series of electron carriers (proteins called
_________) in the inner mitochondrial membrane Each carrier is reduced then oxidized
Rxns are exergonic & energy is _____ to make ATP In aerobic resp, final e- acceptor is oxygen (gets
reduced H2O)
_____________- links chemical rxn w/H+ pump
Electron Transport Chain (2) Proton pumps send H+ from matrix to
intermembrane space Creates a gradient, H+ gets build up in the
intermembrane space H+ flow back to the matrix (by proton
motive force) through a channel in ATP synthase
ATP synthase adds a P to ADP ATP
Summary of cellular respiration, fig 25.10
See also table 25.1 page 962
Proteins & fats glucose Amino acids, glycerol, & lactic acid can be
converted to glucose – ____________________ Process by which glucose is created from non-
carbohydrate sources
Stimulated by _______________ from adrenal cortex
Also causes proteins amino acids
_______________ from pancreas _______________