Genetics *transmission of traits – heredity *variation *genetics.
Unit: Genetics Lesson: Genes & Traits · Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 9 II. Traits...
Transcript of Unit: Genetics Lesson: Genes & Traits · Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 9 II. Traits...
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Genetics
Colorado Agriscience Curriculum
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Objectives
• Explain Gregor Mendel’s contribution to
the scientific community;
• Describe the interaction between
chromosomes, genes, traits, and alleles;
• Differentiate between genotype and
phenotype;
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 2
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Objectives
• List the 6 fundamental types of mating;
• Workout punnett squares for one and two
pair of contrasting traits; and
• Calculate phenotypic and genotypic ratios.
Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 3
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Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 4
I. Gregor Mendel
• A) Geneticist who first developed the rules
to predicting the pattern of heredity
– 1) Monk who did experiments with peas
• B) Heredity
– 1. passing of traits such as coat color, polled
or horned, height, etc. from parents to
offspring
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Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 5
I. Gregor Mendel
• C) Breeding Generations
– 1. P Generation
• a) parental generation
– 2. F1 Generation
• a) Filial Generation
• b) 1st offspring of P Generation
– 3. F2 Generation
• a) 2nd Filial Generation
• b) offspring of F1 Generation
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Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 6
I. Gregor Mendel
• D)3 Steps of Mendel’s Experiment
– 1. P Generation
• a) Allowed each variety to self pollinate for several
generations
– 1. ensure that all offspring would display only one form of a
particular trait (flower color)
– 2. Crossbred the two strains of the P
generation
• - Recorded Data
• - Resulted in all purple flowers
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Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 7
I. Gregor Mendel
• D)3 Steps of Mendel’s Experiment
– 3. Allowed the F1 Generation to self-pollinate
• a) Resulted in the F2 Generation
• b) 1 out of every four flowers was white.
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Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 8
I. Gregor Mendel
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Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 9
II. Traits
• A) Chromosomes and Genes are in pairs
– 1. One chromosome is contributed by each parent
– 2. Chromosome Locus
• a) site where a gene is found on a chromosome
• B) Traits
– 1. For each inherited trait an individual has, there are
two copies of that gene ( 1 from each parent)
– 2. Genes are what causes traits to appear
• a) each version is called an allele
• a) eye color, coat color, marbling, ribeye area, etc.
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Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 10
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Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 11
III. Genes Located on
Corresponding Homologous
Chromosomes may: • A) Correspond to each other
– 1. homozygous
• B) Differ from each other
– 2. heterozygous
• C) Genes on corresponding chromosomes
that control the same trait are called
alleles
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Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 12
IV: Alleles
• A) Homozygous (BB or bb)
– 1. both alleles are the same
• B) Heterozygous (Bb)
– 1. two alleles are different
• C) The dominant (capital) allele is always expressed when it is present
• D) The recessive allele is only expressed when both copies of the gene are recessive
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Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics
PP 13
V: Genotype and Phenotype
• A) Genotype
– 1. amount, order, and type of genes an
individual has
– 2. genetic make-up of an individual
• B) Phenotype
– 1. Physical traits an individual possesses
– 2. Doesn’t take into account masked traits
only expressed or dominant traits
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Dominant and Recessive Genes
Colorado Agriscience Curriculum
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 15
I. Monohybrid Crosses
• A. Three class genotypes
– 1. Homozygous Dominant = BB
– 2. Homozygous Recessive = bb
– 3. Heterozygous = Bb
• B. B = Black & b = Red
• C. Six possible crosses:
BB x BB, BB x Bb, BB x bb, Bb x Bb, Bb x bb, bb x bb
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 16
I. Predicting Ratios
• Homozygous x Homozygous
• A. Genotype – 2. Results in a
homozygous dominant zygote
• B. BB x BB – Phenotype:
– 1. Each parent can only contribute a dominant gene
B B
B BB BB
B BB BB
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 17
II. Predicting Ratios
Homozymous x Heterozygous
• E. BB x Bb
– 1. Genotypic Ratio
• 2 BB : 2 Bb
– 2. Phenotypic Ratio
• a) 4 Black color
B B
B BB BB
b Bb Bb
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 18
III. Predicting Ratios
• Homozygous x
Homozygous
• F. BB x bb
– Genotypic ratio:
• 0BB : 4Bb
• All offspring will be
heterozygous
– Phenotypic ratio: 4
black coat : 0 red
coat
B B
b Bb Bb
b Bb Bb
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 19
IV. Predicting Ratios
• G. Bb x Bb
– 1. Phenotypic Ratio
• a) 3 black to 1 red or
3:1
– 2. Genotypic Ratio
• a) 1BB: 2Bb: 1bb
B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 20
V. Predicting Ratios
• H. Bb x bb
– 1. Genotypic Ratio
• a) 2Bb: 2bb
– 2. Phenotypic Ratio
• a) 2 black to 2 red
b b
B Bb Bb
b bb bb
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 21
VI. Predicting Ratios
• B. Homozygous x Homozygous
• . bb x bb - All will be red
• Genotypic Ratio – 4bb : 0
• Phenotypic Ratio – 4 red coats : 0 black
coats
b b
b bb bb
b bb bb
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 22
II. Multiple Gene Pairs
• A. Mating – 1. B = Black & b = Red
– 2. P = Polled & p = horned
• B. Bull – 1. BbPp
• C. Cow – 1. BbPp
• D. What will the phenotypic & genotypic ratios be?
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 23
II. Multiple Gene Pairs
PB Pb pB pb
PB PPBB PPBb PpBB PpBb
Pb PPBb PPbb PpBb Ppbb
pB PpBB PpBb ppBB ppBb
pb PpBb Ppbb ppBb ppbb
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 24
II. Multiple Gene Pairs
• E. Genotypic Ratio
– 1. 1 PPBB: 2 PPBb: 1 PPbb: 2 PpBB: 4 PpBb: 2 Ppbb: 2 ppBb: 1ppbb
• F. Phenotype
– 1. 9 polled and black
– 2. 3 polled and red
– 3. 3 horned and black
– 4. 1 horned and red
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 25
Worksheet 1
B b
B
B
B B
B
B
B B
b
b
B b
B
b
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 26
Worksheet 2
B b
b
b
b b
b
b
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Unit 4, Lesson 12 Dominant and
Recessive PP 27
Worksheet 3
PB Pb pB pb
PB
Pb
pB
pb