Unit Five Organizing ideas and writing the outline.

Unit FiveUnit Five

Organizing ideas Organizing ideas

and writing the outlineand writing the outline

2www.brainybetty.com

Teaching PlanTeaching Plan

I. The role of the outlineI. The role of the outline II. Types of outlinesII. Types of outlines III. Formats of outlinesIII. Formats of outlines IV. Convention and Content of IV. Convention and Content of

outlinesoutlines V. Preparing and using outlineV. Preparing and using outline VI. Sample outlinesVI. Sample outlines


Part One The role of Part One The role of the outlinethe outline

1. Definition1. Definition An outline is an orderly plan, in An outline is an orderly plan, in

writing, showing the division and writing, showing the division and arrangement of ideas.arrangement of ideas.


Part One The role of the Part One The role of the outlineoutline

2. Purpose2. Purpose To amplify the many ideas To amplify the many ideas

inherent in the thesis statement inherent in the thesis statement and to show their relationships, and to show their relationships, each to the others.each to the others.



3. The importance of outline3. The importance of outline An outline is always written before the An outline is always written before the

text of the paper.text of the paper. 1) Keeps ideas firmly in mind, even if 1) Keeps ideas firmly in mind, even if

writing the paper takes a long time,writing the paper takes a long time, 2) Lets you rearrange ideas without 2) Lets you rearrange ideas without

difficultly,difficultly, 3) Shows you how parts and transitions 3) Shows you how parts and transitions

fit together, andfit together, and



3. The importance of outline3. The importance of outline 4) Exposes strengths and 4) Exposes strengths and

weaknesses in time to make weaknesses in time to make adjustments before writingadjustments before writing

When you write the paper, you need When you write the paper, you need only follow the plan—outline you only follow the plan—outline you have made.have made.


Part Two Types of the Part Two Types of the outlineoutline

Two typesTwo types Preliminary outlinePreliminary outline Formal outlineFormal outline 1. Preliminary outline 1. Preliminary outline

(brainstorming ideas)(brainstorming ideas) It will help organize your ideas and It will help organize your ideas and

shape these ideas into the paper shape these ideas into the paper design.design.



2. Formal Outline2. Formal Outline 1) Definition1) Definition It is a diagram of the design of a paper, It is a diagram of the design of a paper,

a bird’s eye view of its structure.a bird’s eye view of its structure. 2) Composition2) Composition It may be composed of words and It may be composed of words and

phrases, sentences, or a combination of phrases, sentences, or a combination of the two.the two.



2. Formal Outline2. Formal Outline 3) Kinds of formal outline3) Kinds of formal outline (1) Topic outline(1) Topic outline (2) Sentence outline(2) Sentence outline (3) Paragraph outline(3) Paragraph outline (4) Combination outline(4) Combination outline


Formal OutlineFormal Outline (1) Topic outline(1) Topic outline It is widely used because the wording It is widely used because the wording

is brief.is brief. Some tips in writing a topic outline:Some tips in writing a topic outline: Recall that all headings and Recall that all headings and

subheadings must be words or subheadings must be words or phrases, not sentences. phrases, not sentences.

Also, the wording within each division Also, the wording within each division must be parallel. must be parallel.


Topic outlineTopic outline

Finally, as in any outline, Finally, as in any outline, remember that a division or remember that a division or subdivision cannot be divided into subdivision cannot be divided into one part; therefore, if there is an one part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must be a "B," and if "A" there must be a "B," and if there is a "1" there must be a "2." there is a "1" there must be a "2."

ExampleExample


Sentence OutlineSentence Outline (2) Sentence Outline(2) Sentence Outline It presents statements as It presents statements as

grammatically complete sentences.grammatically complete sentences. Some tips in writing a sentence Some tips in writing a sentence

outline.outline. If you have chosen to write a If you have chosen to write a

sentence outline, all headings and sentence outline, all headings and sub-headings must be in sentence sub-headings must be in sentence form. form.


Sentence OutlineSentence Outline

As in any outline, remember that a As in any outline, remember that a division or subdivision can not be division or subdivision can not be divided into one part; therefore, if divided into one part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must be a "B," there is an "A" there must be a "B," and if there is a "1" there must be a and if there is a "1" there must be a "2"2

ExampleExample


Paragraph outlineParagraph outline

(3) Paragraph outline(3) Paragraph outline It has the same symbols as topic It has the same symbols as topic

and sentence outlines, but each and sentence outlines, but each symbol is followed by several symbol is followed by several sentences that make a sentences that make a paragraph.paragraph.


(4) Combination outline(4) Combination outline The main topics are sentences and The main topics are sentences and

the subtopics are phrases.the subtopics are phrases. Writing a sentence for each main Writing a sentence for each main

topic may help you identify the topic may help you identify the central idea unifying that portion of central idea unifying that portion of the thesis.the thesis.

Writing the subtopics as phrases Writing the subtopics as phrases enables you to determine their most enables you to determine their most logical relationship.logical relationship.


Part Three Part Three Formats of outlineFormats of outline

Two basic formats:Two basic formats: 1. Number-letter sequence1. Number-letter sequence I. The two reasons for….I. The two reasons for…. A. The first reason…A. The first reason… 1.The women…1.The women… a. They could…a. They could… (1) The time..(1) The time.. (a)(a) i)i) ii)ii) (b)(b) 2.2. B….B….


Part Three Part Three Formats of outlineFormats of outline

Two basic formats:Two basic formats: 2.Decimal outline2.Decimal outline ExampleExample 1.The two reasons for…1.The two reasons for… 1.11.1 1.1.11.1.1 1.1.1.11.1.1.1 1.1.1.1.11.1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1.21.1.1.1.2 1.1.1.21.1.1.2 1.1..21.1..2 1.21.2 2. The reasons against…2. The reasons against…


Part Four Part Four Convention and content of Convention and content of

outlineoutline The most general convention of outlining The most general convention of outlining

is to use is to use a consistent forma consistent form.. 1. Requirements1. Requirements 1) Numbers and letters are used 1) Numbers and letters are used

alternately.alternately. 2) Symbol in an outline must always 2) Symbol in an outline must always

appear at least in pairs.appear at least in pairs. 3) Every symbol in an outline is followed 3) Every symbol in an outline is followed

by a period.by a period.



outlineoutline 1. Requirements1. Requirements 4) Capitalize the first letter of the first 4) Capitalize the first letter of the first

word after every symbol.word after every symbol. 5) Grammatically complete sentences 5) Grammatically complete sentences

require normal sentence punctuation.require normal sentence punctuation. 6) All symbols of the same kind should be 6) All symbols of the same kind should be

in a vertical line.in a vertical line. 7) Begin succeeding lines of writing under 7) Begin succeeding lines of writing under

the start of the first word after a symbol.the start of the first word after a symbol. 8) Type an outline in double spacing.8) Type an outline in double spacing.



outlineoutline 2. Some guides for making the content of 2. Some guides for making the content of

your outline meaningful and therefore your outline meaningful and therefore helpful to your writing:helpful to your writing:

1) Every word in the outline should say 1) Every word in the outline should say something about the content of your something about the content of your paper.paper.

2) The information for each subheading 2) The information for each subheading must be directly related to, and must be directly related to, and subordinate to, the heading under which subordinate to, the heading under which it appears.it appears.



outlineoutline 3) Make relationships clear by 3) Make relationships clear by

using the same symbol for ideas using the same symbol for ideas of equal importance.of equal importance.

4) Only principal points appear in 4) Only principal points appear in an outline.an outline.


Part FivePart FivePreparing and using outlinePreparing and using outline

Using an outline can help you organize Using an outline can help you organize your material and can also help you your material and can also help you discover connections between pieces of discover connections between pieces of information that you weren’t aware of information that you weren’t aware of when you first conceived the plan of your when you first conceived the plan of your paper.paper.

A working outline A working outline might be only an might be only an informal list of topics and subtopics, informal list of topics and subtopics, which you are thinking of covering in which you are thinking of covering in your paper.your paper.



A final outline should enhance the A final outline should enhance the organization and coherence of your organization and coherence of your research paper.research paper.

Outlines can be organized according to Outlines can be organized according to your purposes.your purposes.

ChronologyChronology Cause and effectCause and effect Defining or analyzingDefining or analyzing Comparing or contrastingComparing or contrasting ArgumentArgument



Useful principles for structuring a Useful principles for structuring a research paper :research paper :

1.Chronology1.Chronology Explains each of the steps in a sequential Explains each of the steps in a sequential

ordered process.ordered process. Describes the significance of the Describes the significance of the

research; the problem to resolve; the research; the problem to resolve; the result already made; the process of the result already made; the process of the research work and the final result.research work and the final result.


Part FivePart FivePreparing and using outlinePreparing and using outline 2. Comparison and contrast2. Comparison and contrast --presenting the similarities or --presenting the similarities or

differences between two or more things.differences between two or more things. 3. Cause and effect3. Cause and effect --presenting the events or forces that --presenting the events or forces that

produces certain results or reporting produces certain results or reporting controlled experimentation to determine controlled experimentation to determine the factors important to a particular the factors important to a particular outcome.outcome.



4. Exemplification4. Exemplification --often used in the thesis based on empirical --often used in the thesis based on empirical

data or case study, presenting figures, tables data or case study, presenting figures, tables or numbers.or numbers.

5. Argumentation5. Argumentation Five steps:Five steps: The choice of the subject;The choice of the subject; The wording of the subject fit or argumentThe wording of the subject fit or argument The analysis of the subject into component The analysis of the subject into component

partsparts The development of the argumentThe development of the argument The conclusionThe conclusion


Part FivePart FivePreparing and using outlinePreparing and using outline 6. Analysis 6. Analysis --a process of dividing a subject into --a process of dividing a subject into

its parts and classifying them and its parts and classifying them and manifesting their respective features.manifesting their respective features.


Exercise:Exercise: Organizing ideas and writing the Organizing ideas and writing the

outlineoutline

Unit Five Organizing ideas and writing the outline.

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Transcript of Unit Five Organizing ideas and writing the outline.