Rërum Nätüra Unit Five 1

Unit Five: Lïtus Mareque Practica

p. 116 p. 116 Practicum: Vocabulary and FormsPracticum: Vocabulary and Forms 1. Write out the forms of evädö and debeö: evadö, evadö, --ereere debeö, debeö, --ëreëre I

you

s/he

we

you

they

2. Write out the forms of orca, orca, --ae ae ff and hiems, hiemis hiems, hiemis ff

Singular Singular nom.nom. orcaorca hiemshiems

acc.acc.

gen.gen.

dat.dat.

abl.abl.

Plural Plural nom.nom.

acc.acc.

gen.gen.

dat.dat.

abl.abl.

p. 118 p. 118 Practicum: SentencesPracticum: Sentences In each sentence, underline the infinitive/verb pair and translate that part of the sentence. (Be prepared to do the whole sentence in class.) 1. debëmus ad forum festinäre. ______________________________

2. omnia invenïre volumus. ______________________________

3. domï manëre constituunt. ______________________________

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4. stellae lücëre debent. ______________________________

5. bestiae fugere temptant. ______________________________

6. amïcös invenïre nön temptäs ______________________________

p. 118 p. 118 Practicum: Verb plus InfinitivePracticum: Verb plus Infinitive Translate the following verb plus infinitive pairs into Latin. Step one: decide which one is infinitive, with the ”to –” meaning. Step two: choose the appropriate personal ending for the main verb. 1. he tries to run away (i.e., flee) . ______________________________

2. we try to read. ______________________________

3. they decide to remain. ______________________________

4. I decide to hurry. ______________________________

5. you must move. ______________________________

6. they must swim. ______________________________

p. 119 p. 119 Practicum: Irregular Verbs Practicum: Irregular Verbs Translate the following verbs:

Latin wordLatin word English meaningEnglish meaning Latin wordLatin word English meaningEnglish meaning 1. possunt 9. possum

2. posse 10. potest

3. potestis 11. ferö

4. fert 12. ferre

5. ferunt 13. ferimus

6. vïs 14. vultis

7. volumus 15. vult

8. velle 16. volunt

p. 119 p. 119 PrPracticum: Infinitve plus Verb acticum: Infinitve plus Verb Translate these infinitive/verb pairs:

1. nätäre possumus. ______________________________

2. nätäre volunt. ______________________________

3. dormïre nön potest. ______________________________

4. clämäre volumus. ______________________________

5. cadere nön vult. ______________________________

6. exïre possunt. ______________________________

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p. 119 p. 119 Practicum: Infinitve plus verbPracticum: Infinitve plus verb (1) Choose one of the verbs listed below which often go with infinitves, (2) give it a personal ending, and (3) pair it with any infinitive from our vocabulary, to make an infinitive verb pair. Then (4) translate your pair.

• Verbs that go with infinitives: temptö, temptö, --äreäre try, attempt; constituö, constituö, --ere ere decide; debeö, debeö, --ëreëre ought; ppossum, posseossum, posse can, am able; volö, vellevolö, velle want, wish.

ex. festinäre debëmus we ought to hurry____________ 1. _______________________________ _____________________________ 2. _______________________________ _____________________________ 3. _______________________________ _____________________________ 4. _______________________________ _____________________________

p. 120 Practicum: Time PhrasesPracticum: Time Phrases Translate the following sentences. 1. temporibus autumnï, balaenae ä marï noströ abeunt. ______________________________________________________________________ . 2. primö vere, mundus pulcher est. ______________________________________________________________________ . 3. aestäte orcae balaenäs oppugnant. ______________________________________________________________________ . 4. temporibus hiemis, öceanus saevus est. ______________________________________________________________________ . p. 121 p. 121 Practicum: Sentence AnalysisPracticum: Sentence Analysis For the following sentence, underline the verbs, draw-a-connecting-line-between-nouns-and-adjectives, (put parentheses around prepositional phrases (including their adjectives)) and put a // between clauses, then label subject, direct object & verbs: balaenae quae evädunt in altum mare nätant, quod orcae ibi nön possunt eäs invenïre.

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p. 122p. 122 Practicum: Gender, Number, CasePracticum: Gender, Number, Case maximum animal in Indicö marï est balaena. balaenae in Gallicö oceanö quoque ingentës sunt – altiorës quam* velae* nävium. ubi hiems est, in Gaditänö öceanö manent et per altum mare nätant. aestätis tempöribus tamen in mare nostrum ineunt, quod parëre* debent. in quödam sinü* magnö placidöque së celant.* ibi balaenae parent et vitulösque* in aquïs placidïs curäre temptant.

WordWord GenderGender NumberNumber CaseCase animal m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. marï m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. balaenae m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. nävium m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. hiems m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. mare m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. aestätis m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. temporibus m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. vitulös m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. aquïs m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. p. 122 p. 122 Practicum: Describe in EnglishPracticum: Describe in English 1. Why do the whales come to the Mediterranean? ____________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

2. Why do the orcas attack them at that point? _______________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

3. How do the whales try to escape the orcas? _______________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

p. 122 p. 122 Practicum:Practicum: Verbs plus Infinitives Verbs plus Infinitives From the BalaenaeBalaenae reading, give three examples of verbs used with infinitives, and translate each phrase. 1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________ p. 126 p. 126 Practicum: Imperfect meaningsPracticum: Imperfect meanings Translate the following verbs two different ways (all imperfect).

Latin verbLatin verb Translation 1Translation 1 Translation 2Translation 2 1. nävigäbämus

2. accedëbant

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3. mittëbam

4. pendëbat

5. inveniëbas

6. quaerëbant

p. 126 p. 126 Practicum: Verb meaningsPracticum: Verb meanings Translate the following verbs (they are a mix of imperfect and present tense; choose one translation for imperfect).

Verb (pres. or imp.)Verb (pres. or imp.) English mEnglish meaningeaning 1. appellant

2. inveniëbätis

3. nätäbat

4. movëmus

5. dicëbämus

6. vexant

7. exspectäbat

8. constituëbat

9. temptant

10. temptäbam

p. 127 p. 127 Practicum: Imperfect FormsPracticum: Imperfect Forms Make the present tense words imperfect, keeping them consistent in gender, number and case. Step one: what conjugation is the verb (so you know what vowel to use)? Step two: stem + vowel + ba + ending; the ending will be the same except for the first person forms where ––öö changes to ––m.m.

present tensepresent tense imperfect tenseimperfect tense imperfect meaningimperfect meaning ex. currimus currëbämus we were running

1. dücö

2. habës

3. movet

4. spectämus

5. facitis

6. audiunt

7. stat

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p. 128 p. 128 Practicum: Imperfect Forms of Irregular VerbsPracticum: Imperfect Forms of Irregular Verbs Make the present tense words imperfect, keeping them consistent in gender, number and case.

present tensepresent tense imperfect tenseimperfect tense imperfect meaningimperfect meaning imus

possum

sunt

vult

ferö

reditis

adsum

p. 128 p. 128 Practicum: SentencesPracticum: Sentences (1) Underline the verb and (2) translate the following short sentences. 1. flümina per terram fluëbant. ________________________________________

2. orcae in mare Mediterraneum natäbant. ___________________________________

3. multï Römänï erant nautae. ________________________________________

4. fëminae aquam ferëbant. ________________________________________

5. ad lïtora ïbämus. ________________________________________

6. celeriter currere poteram. ________________________________________

7. philosophï astra vidëre volëbant. ________________________________________

p. 129 p. 129 Practicum: RecogniPracticum: Recognizing adverb meaningszing adverb meanings Give a meaning for the adverbs below; they are all formed from adjectives in chapters 3-5 vocabulary. 1. beatë _____________________________

2. pessimë _____________________________

3. miserë _____________________________

4. breviter _____________________________

5. benignë _____________________________

6. leviter _____________________________

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p. 130 p. 130 Practicum: Forming adverbsPracticum: Forming adverbs For each adjective, give the adverb form and English meaning. Step one: find the stem. Step two: add –ë for 1st-&-2nd decl. adjectives, -iter for 3rd decl. adjectives. Latin WordLatin Word Adverb FormAdverb Form English MeaningEnglish Meaning tutus, -a, -um

ferus, -a, -um

gravis, grave

malus, -a, -um

pulcher, -chra, -chrum

maximus, -a, -um

lenis, lene

p. 131 p. 131 Practicum: Gender, number and casePracticum: Gender, number and case aestas erat tempus tutum; aestate söl benigne lucëbat ventïque leniter fläbant. undae maris parvae erant; nautae celeriter navigäre poterant ad loca circum lïtora maris nostrï. ver et tuta et perïculösa erat; ventï interdum violenter fläbant, interdum leniter; in aliïs locïs undae erant magnae, in aliïs locïs parvae. hiems tamen perïculosa erat. nëmo hieme nävigäre volëbat; plürimae navës in portü per hiemem manëbant. solum* virï quï nävigäre debëbant, temporibus hiemis nävigäbant.

WordWord GenderGender NumberNumber CaseCase tempus m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. ventï m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. maris m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. nautae m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. lïtora m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. locïs m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. undae m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. hieme m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. hiemem m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. p. 131 p. 131 Practicum: Ablative Time PPracticum: Ablative Time Phraseshrases From the reading above, give three examples of ablatives used to show when something is happening, and translate the ablative: 1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________

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p. 133 p. 133 Practicum: Recognizing and Translating AblativesPracticum: Recognizing and Translating Ablatives Underline the ablative(s) and complete the sentence translation, using a “with” or “by” meaning: 1. söl magnïs ignibus lücet. The sun shines _________________________________ .

2. amïcï eum cibö iuvant. His friends are helping him _________________________ .

3. fëmina virum verbïs serënat. The woman calms her husband _________________ .

4. magnä vï mundus volvit. The universe revolves ___________________________ .

5. virï oppida igne destruëbant. The men destroyed the towns _________________ .

6. mercës ferimus terrä marïque: We are carrying the goods ___________________ .

p. 133 p. 133 Practicum: Practicum: Accompaniment vs. MeansAccompaniment vs. Means Which Latin phrase shows the correct meaning? 1. The sailors were sailing with a good captain. Nautae ____ nävigäbant. (a) cum magiströ bonö (b) magiströ bonö 2. The sun shines with hot light. söl ___ lücet. (a) cum lüce calidä (b) lüce calidä 3. We fled with the other sailors. ____ fugiëbämus. (a) cum aliïs nautïs (b) aliïs nautïs p. 133p. 133--4 4 Practicum: Using AblativesPracticum: Using Ablatives Change the word in parentheses to complete the sentence meaning. (In one example, which shows accompaniment, you need to add cumcum). 1. We seek knowledge with arguments: scientiam _____________________ quaerimus. (argumentum, -ï n) 2. The Africans attacked Rome with elephants. Afrï Römam ________________ oppugnäbant. (elephantus, -ï m) 3. The criminals were killed by wild animals. scelestï ________________________ interficiëbantur∗ . (fera, -ae f) 4. Stars shine with the sun’s light. stellae ________________ sölis lücent. (lüx, lücis f) 5. We were waiting with the captain. ______________________ manëbämus. (magister, -strï m)

∗ -nturntur is a passive verb ending – we study them in Latin 102.

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p. 135 p. 135 Practicum: Dative MeaningsPracticum: Dative Meanings For each sentence, underline the dative word and translate the sentence: 1. agricola cibum equïs dat. ________________________________

2. magister puerïs dïcit, “hic est mensa.” ________________________________

3. puellae auxilium fëminïs ferunt. ________________________________

4. casam amïcïs ostendimus. ________________________________

5. puellae librös dö. ________________________________

p. 135 p. 135 Practicum: ad or DatPracticum: ad or Dat ive?ive? Choose the Latin phrase that best completes the meaning of the sentence. 1. Storm clouds bring danger to the sailors: nimbï perïculum ____ ferunt. (a) nautïs

(b) ad nautäs 2. The dolphins hurry to the marsh. delphïnï ____ festïnant. (a) stagnö (b) ad

stagnum 3. The dolphins give help to the men. delphïnï auxilium ____ dant. (a) hominibus

(b) ad hominës p. 137 p. 137 Practicum: Gender, Number and CasePracticum: Gender, Number and Case dum piscës ë stagnö celeriter nätant et apertum mare quaerant, hominës delphïnös vocäbant. “Simo! Simo!” clamäbant, quod eö tempore hominës delphïnös “Simonem” appelläbant. ventï sonum vöcum humanärum in mare apertum ferëbant. delphïnï vöcës audiëbant et ad illum locum festinäbant, quod auxilium ferre hümänïs volëbant. . . delphïnï, ut militës, aciem faciunt, et piscës ad retiäs hominum agëbant.

WordWord GenderGender NumberNumber CaseCase piscës m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. stagnö m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. delphïnös m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. tempore m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. ventï m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. vöcum m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. vöcës m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. hümänïs m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl. retiäs m f n s pl nom. acc. gen. dat. abl.

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p. 140 p. 140 PPracticum: Seas and Lakes of the Moonracticum: Seas and Lakes of the Moon Give the English meaning of the Latin name of the lunar feature:

Latin nameLatin name English meaningEnglish meaning Mare Fecunditatis

Mare Frigoris

Mare Imbrium

Mare Humorum

Mare Vaporum

Mare Nubium

Mare Undarum

Mare Tranquilitatis

Oceanus Procellarum

The Moon also has a number of lakes: Here are some: Lacus Hiemalis

Lacus Veris

Lacus Aestatis

Lacus Autumnis

Lacus Temporis

Lacus Solitudinis

Lacus Mortis