Unit 9

Industrialization: Growth of North and South

• products could be produced faster and cheaper

• Hire low waged workers

Factory System

• Railroads – the invention of the steam engine led to modern railroads and trains;

• railroad construction boomed in the mid-19th century;

• Asian immigration built railroads on West coast

Growth of Industry

• the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel

• It decreased the cost which allowed increase in steel production and work force.

• Henry Bessemer is from Alabama

• More info on Wiki

Bessemer Steel Process

Mechanical Reaper• A mechanical reaper or

reaping machine is a mechanical, semi-automated device that harvests crops

• Mechanical reapers are an important part of agriculture activity

• More info on Wiki

Interchangeable Parts – Eli Whitney

• parts for devices were made to be nearly identical so that they could fit into any device of the same type

• allows easy assembly of new devices and efficient repair of existing devices

•

Steam Engine – Robert Fulton

• First major invention of the new america

• Turn of the century invention

• Uses: travel upstream• Mainly used on the

Mississippi River

Erie Canal (1825)

• man-made waterways used for travel and/or shipping

• Water route between NY city and Buffalo

• The Canal spurred the first great westward movement of American settlers

Morse Code – Samuel Morse(Telegraph)

• Communicated information over a large area

• Before telephone invention• Used Morse Code to transfer

information• Still used today• Code Talker• TheOffice – Morse Code Prank• Gmail Tap

Eli Whitney and Cotton Gin

• Increased cleaning of cotton seeds and production

• Went from 1lb of cotton a day to 50 lb’s a day

• WHY: increased production, more $$, more cotton crops, MORE SLAVES

• More info on Wiki

Slavery Expands

• Because of the cotton gin and the expansion of cottons fields

• MORE $ is made from cotton and therefore plantations are more powerful and more slaves are needed

Laissez-Faire (Adam Smith)

• Laissez-faire – the belief that the government should not interfere in the economy other than to protect private property rights and to maintain peace

• Adam Smith – creator of modern economics pushed this concept

War of 1812• Effects:• The USS gained a measure

of international respect• Improved the

professionalism of the US Army

• British blockade of the American coast created a shortage of cotton cloth

• , leading to the creation of a cotton-manufacturing industry

• Original White House burned

Free Enterprise

• less dependence on foreign products

• Population has the chance to create businesses, therefore jobs

Characteristics of Industrialism

• Factory System • Population shift to

cities • Inventions Expansion of Slavery • Reform Movements • Immigration

Factory System

Popu Shift to Cities

Inventions

Expansion of Slavery

Reform Movem

ents

Immigration

Economic ($) Factors Lead to…

• Industrialization– Plentiful Natural Resources – inventions– investment capital ($$)

• Urbanization– improved transportation– investment capital ($$)

Urbanization

• the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people

• cities grow• Pollution (problem)• Social class issues ($)

Industrialization

• a society’s movement of population and resources from farm production to manufacturing

• Mechanical reaper• Cotton gin• Bessemer process

Venn Diagram• Purpose is to compare and contrast to subjects– Changes in:

• Transportation• Communication

Transportation – canals, RR, steamboat

Communication – Telegraph,

Population Density• Low• medium• High

nationalism

• Feeling of pride, loyalty and protectiveness toward your country

• WHY: people were proud to be americans and were confident