Unit 8B: Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health
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Unit 8B: Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health
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Unit 8B: Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health. Unit Overview. Theories of Emotion Embodied Emotion Expressed Emotion Experienced Emotion Stress and Health. Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation. Theories of Emotion. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Unit 8B: Motivation and Emotion: Emotions, Stress and Health
Unit 8B:Motivation and Emotion:
Emotions, Stress and Health
Unit Overview• Theories of Emotion• Embodied Emotion• Expressed Emotion• Experienced Emotion• Stress and Health
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Theories of Emotion
Theories of emotions
• Emotion–Physiological arousal–Expressive behavior–Conscious
experience• Moods - affective responses that are typically
longer-lasting than emotions, and less likely to
have a specific object.
Theories of emotions
• Common-sense perspective• James-Lange theory
Theories of emotions
• Cannon-Bard theory
Theories of emotions
• Two-factor theory–Schachter-Singer
Theories of emotions
Embodied Emotion
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
• Autonomic nervous system–Sympathetic nervous system
• arousing–Parasympathetic nervous system
• Calming–Moderate arousal is ideal
Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
Physiological Similarities Among Specific Emotions
• Different movie experiment
Physiological Differences Among Specific Emotions
• Differences in brain activity–Amygdala–Frontal lobes
• Nucleus accumbens–Polygraph
Cognition and EmotionCognition Can Define Emotion
• Spillover effect–Schachter-Singer experiment
• Arousal fuels emotions, cognition channels it
Cognition and EmotionCognition Does Not Always Precede Emotion
• Influence of the amygdala
Expressed Emotion
Detecting Emotion
• Nonverbal cues–Eyes and mouth are most revealing–Duchenne smile
Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
• women usually surpass men at reading emotional cues
Which gender neutral face looks more like a man?
Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Women react more visibly to each film type.
Culture and Emotional Expression
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
Levels of Analysis for the Study of Emotion
The Effects of Facial Expressions
• Facial feedback
Experienced Emotion
Experienced Emotion• List 3 things that you FEAR.
• List 3 things that make you ANGRY.
• List 3 things that make (or could make) you HAPPY.
Fear
• Adaptive value of fear–Conditioning and observation
• The biology of fear–Amygdala–Some fears fall
outside the normalrange
Phobias• Agateophobia- Fear of insanity.• Androphobia- Fear of men.• Bibliophobia- Fear of books.• Chorophobia- Fear of dancing.• Coulrophobia- Fear of clowns.• Ephebiphobia- Fear of teenagers.• Octophobia - Fear of the figure 8.• Peladophobia- Fear of bald people.• Sesquipedalophobia- Fear of long words.
Anger
• Anger–Evoked by events–Catharsis–Expressing anger
can increase anger
Happiness
• Happiness–Feel-good, do-good phenomenon–Well-being
HappinessThe Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs
• Watson’s studies
HappinessWealth and Well-Being
HappinessWealth and Well-Being
HappinessTwo Psychological Phenomena: Adaptation and Comparison
• Happiness and Prior Experience–Adaptation-level phenomenon
• Happiness and others’ attainments–Relative deprivation
HappinessPredictors of Happiness
Stress and Health
Introduction
• Health psychology• Behavioral medicine
Stress and Illness
• Stress–Stress appraisal–Distress–Eustress
Stress and IllnessThe Stress Response System
• Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS)–Alarm–Resistance–exhaustion
Stress and IllnessGeneral Adaptation Syndrome
Stress and IllnessStressful Life Events
• Catastrophes• Significant life changes• Daily hassles
Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale
Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale
Stress and the Heart
• Coronary heart disease• Type A versus Type B
–Type A–Type B
Stress and Susceptibility to Disease
• Psychophysiological illnesses• Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
–Lymphocytes• B lymphocytes• T lymphocytes
–Stress and AIDS–Stress and Cancer
Definition Slides
Emotion
= a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.
James-Lange Theory
= the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.
Cannon-Bard Theory
= the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.
Two-factor Theory
= the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.
Polygraph
= a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measure several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes).
Facial Feedback
= the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.
Catharsis
= emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing’ aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.
Feel-Good Do-Good Phenomenon
= people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.
Well-being
= self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life.
Adaptation-level Phenomenon
= our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience.
Relative Deprivation
= the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.
Behavioral Medicine
= an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavior and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease..
Health Psychology
= a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.
Stress
= the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
= Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases – alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Coronary Heart Disease
= the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America.
Type A
= Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.
Type B
= Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people.
Psychophysiological Illness
= literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
= the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.
Lymphocytes
= the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system; B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.
