Unit 8Unit 8

The English Civil WarThe English Civil War

The StuartsThe StuartsCousins from ScotlandCousins from Scotland

Political issuesPolitical issues Believed in Believed in divine right and absolutismdivine right and absolutism in a country in a country

with a history of limited monarchy (Magna Carta 1215)with a history of limited monarchy (Magna Carta 1215)

Religious issuesReligious issues Had to deal with the Had to deal with the PuritansPuritans in England that wanted in England that wanted

to rid the Anglican Church of its Roman Catholic to rid the Anglican Church of its Roman Catholic influenceinfluence

Always seen as sympathetic to the Roman Catholic Always seen as sympathetic to the Roman Catholic faithfaith

James I (1603-1625)James I (1603-1625)Had been Had been James VIJames VI King King of Scotland for 35 yearsof Scotland for 35 yearsWell educated but lacked Well educated but lacked the “common touch”the “common touch”Lavish court, male lovers Lavish court, male lovers and extravagant spending and extravagant spending weakened respect for the weakened respect for the monarchymonarchyWould not work with Would not work with ParliamentParliamentAuthored Authored The Trew Law of The Trew Law of Free MonarchyFree Monarchy.Puritans begin leaving for .Puritans begin leaving for the New Worldthe New World

Charles I (1625-1649)Charles I (1625-1649)More personable than his More personable than his father but still believed father but still believed completely in completely in Divine RightDivine Right 11 years without parliament11 years without parliament

Imprisoned his enemies Imprisoned his enemies without a trialwithout a trial

Wife was a R.C. but he was Wife was a R.C. but he was a devout Anglicana devout Anglican

The Petition of RightThe Petition of Right

In 1628 he is forced to sign the In 1628 he is forced to sign the Petition of Petition of RightRight by Parliament which had refused him by Parliament which had refused him funds to fight the Spanish and Frenchfunds to fight the Spanish and French

He had to stop the following abusesHe had to stop the following abuses No forced loans or taxation without consent of No forced loans or taxation without consent of

ParliamentParliament No imprisonment for freedmen without just causeNo imprisonment for freedmen without just cause No quartering troops in private homeNo quartering troops in private home

He then simply ignored this document and did He then simply ignored this document and did not call parliament for 11 yearsnot call parliament for 11 years

The English Civil War (1642-1649)The English Civil War (1642-1649)

Begins with a disagreement over who Begins with a disagreement over who should put down a Roman Catholic should put down a Roman Catholic rebellion in Ireland in October of 1641 rebellion in Ireland in October of 1641 (King or Parliament)(King or Parliament) Charles decided to invade Parliament and Charles decided to invade Parliament and

arrest the leaders of the Puritansarrest the leaders of the Puritans The House of Commons (mostly Puritans) The House of Commons (mostly Puritans)

raised its own army and the battle for control raised its own army and the battle for control of England had begunof England had begun

The Course of the WarThe Course of the WarParliamentParliament: supporters were called the : supporters were called the RoundheadsRoundheads and were mostly puritans and were mostly puritans Military leader Military leader Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell reorganized reorganized

the Parliamentary army (cavalry) into the the Parliamentary army (cavalry) into the New New Model Army and allied with the ScotsModel Army and allied with the Scots

The KingThe King: Supporters known as : Supporters known as RoyalistsRoyalists or or CavaliersCavaliers

1469 Cromwell wins and Charles I is 1469 Cromwell wins and Charles I is executed (1649-1658 the executed (1649-1658 the Interregnum)Interregnum)

Cromwell and the ProtectorateCromwell and the ProtectorateCromwell subdues Ireland and Cromwell subdues Ireland and Scotland Scotland Returns in 1653 and ruled as Returns in 1653 and ruled as Lord Lord ProtectorProtector until his death in 1658 until his death in 1658Basically a military dictatorshipBasically a military dictatorshipHe was intolerant of Anglicans and He was intolerant of Anglicans and placed Puritanical laws on all of placed Puritanical laws on all of EnglandEngland

No sports, theater, drunkenness etc..No sports, theater, drunkenness etc..

The restoration of Charles II (1660-The restoration of Charles II (1660-1685)1685)

Known as the “Known as the “Merry Monarch” was invited to ” was invited to rule because the country was tired of military rule because the country was tired of military rule and the economy had suffered while rule and the economy had suffered while Cromwell fought his many warsCromwell fought his many wars He fails to answer the 2 most important questionsHe fails to answer the 2 most important questions

What is the governments position towards the Puritans What is the governments position towards the Puritans (religion)(religion)

What was the position of the King relative to the Parliament What was the position of the King relative to the Parliament (politics)(politics)

James II (1685-1688)James II (1685-1688)

Formerly James Duke of York brother of Formerly James Duke of York brother of the Kingthe King Had re-married to a Roman Catholic and had Had re-married to a Roman Catholic and had

convertedconverted Granted religious freedom to all ChristiansGranted religious freedom to all Christians Seemed to be reviving the absolutism of his Seemed to be reviving the absolutism of his

father and grandfatherfather and grandfather

The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution

Parliament had hoped that James II would die Parliament had hoped that James II would die leaving the throne his daughter Mary and her leaving the throne his daughter Mary and her husband William III of Orangehusband William III of OrangeJune 20, 1688 James II’s wife gave birth to a June 20, 1688 James II’s wife gave birth to a son and the Parliament took action and son and the Parliament took action and invited William of Orange to “invade” Englandinvited William of Orange to “invade” EnglandWilliam arrived in November of 1688 and was William arrived in November of 1688 and was received without opposition by the English received without opposition by the English peoplepeopleJames fled to France and the throne was James fled to France and the throne was declared vacantdeclared vacant

William III and Mary II (1689-1702)William III and Mary II (1689-1702)

January of 1689 they begin ruling January of 1689 they begin ruling as dual monarchsas dual monarchsThe English Bill of RightsThe English Bill of Rights No R.C. can become ruler of No R.C. can become ruler of

EnglandEngland Limited the power of the Limited the power of the

monarchymonarchy King subject to law. Can’t King subject to law. Can’t

interfere in Parliamentary interfere in Parliamentary proceedingsproceedings

Protected the liberties of Protected the liberties of English citizensEnglish citizens

Toleration Act of 1689Toleration Act of 1689 (protestants only)(protestants only)