Unit 8Unit 8Chapter 10 and 11Chapter 10 and 11

The New SouthThe New South After the Civil War, After the Civil War,

many wondered how many wondered how the South would the South would change after the war.change after the war.

New SouthNew South was a was a term used to describe term used to describe Southern progressSouthern progress

Journalist Journalist Henry Henry GradyGrady wrote editorials wrote editorials and gave speeches and gave speeches about importance of about importance of industry.industry.

Before “New South”Before “New South”

Redemption EraRedemption Era directly followed directly followed Reconstruction.Reconstruction.

““Redeem” state from Redeem” state from hardships of war and hardships of war and rule of Radical rule of Radical Republicans.Republicans.

Three Democrats lead Three Democrats lead Georgia called Georgia called Bourbon Bourbon Triumvirate.Triumvirate.

Bourbon TriumvirateBourbon Triumvirate

French castle, ruling body of threeFrench castle, ruling body of three Made up of Joseph E. Brown, Alfred Made up of Joseph E. Brown, Alfred

H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon. H. Colquitt, and John B. Gordon. Wanted more industry and to Wanted more industry and to

preserve southern traditions (white preserve southern traditions (white supremacy)supremacy)

Often acted as Often acted as alliesallies (shared (shared common cause)common cause)

Decline of the TriumvirateDecline of the Triumvirate Bourbon Triumvirate Bourbon Triumvirate

lead Georgia through lead Georgia through Reconstruction.Reconstruction.

Critics argued that Critics argued that Triumvirate failed to Triumvirate failed to improve lives of poorimprove lives of poor

Education, prison Education, prison reform, and mental reform, and mental hospitals not improvedhospitals not improved

Independent Independent DemocratsDemocrats challenge challenge the Triumvirate.the Triumvirate.

The FeltonsThe Feltons William H. FeltonWilliam H. Felton lead Independent Democrats lead Independent Democrats Believed Triumvirate supported “planter Believed Triumvirate supported “planter

aristocracy.”aristocracy.” Rebecca FeltonRebecca Felton wrote against Triumvirate in wrote against Triumvirate in

newspaper.newspaper. Her passion was Her passion was convict lease system.convict lease system.

Convict Lease SystemConvict Lease System

Lack of jobs=crime increase.Lack of jobs=crime increase. Under Under convict lease systemconvict lease system, rising , rising

prison population would rent out prisoners prison population would rent out prisoners to work for private companies.to work for private companies.

Companies were Companies were supposedsupposed to provide to provide medical care, Sunday rest, housing, and medical care, Sunday rest, housing, and clothes.clothes.

Paid laborers cannot get jobs. Paid laborers cannot get jobs. Feltons demand reforms, demands are not Feltons demand reforms, demands are not

met for many years.met for many years.

SuffrageSuffrage Rebecca Felton lead Rebecca Felton lead

women’s women’s suffragesuffrage (right to vote) and (right to vote) and temperancetemperance (anti- (anti-alcohol).alcohol).

Wrote in Wrote in Atlanta Atlanta JournalJournal..

Elected as first female Elected as first female Senator on Senator on October October 4, 19224, 1922..

Served a 10-day Served a 10-day terms.terms.

Rise of CitiesRise of Cities Cities are being built.Cities are being built. United States is United States is

becoming more becoming more urbanurban (city like) and less(city like) and less ruralrural (country like) (country like)

26 million immigrants 26 million immigrants flood to United States flood to United States looking for work.looking for work.

Factories are filled Factories are filled with workers but with workers but conditions are often conditions are often badbad

Credit Mobilier ScandalCredit Mobilier Scandal President GrantPresident Grant is re-elected in 1872 is re-elected in 1872 Advisors are not honest men.Advisors are not honest men. Credit Mobilier ScandalCredit Mobilier Scandal occurs. occurs. Congress gave money to Union Pacific and Congress gave money to Union Pacific and

Central Railroads during Civil War to build a Central Railroads during Civil War to build a transcontinental railroad.transcontinental railroad.

Union Pacific made a new company to do the Union Pacific made a new company to do the work—Credit Mobilierwork—Credit Mobilier

Credit Mobilier charged more than work was Credit Mobilier charged more than work was worth, stock soared.worth, stock soared.

Shares were sold to members of Congress in Shares were sold to members of Congress in exchange for silence.exchange for silence.

Many Congressman and Vice President resign.Many Congressman and Vice President resign.

1876 Election1876 Election One of the most One of the most

disputed elections of disputed elections of all timeall time

Republican Republican Rutherford B. HayesRutherford B. Hayes vs Democrat Samuel vs Democrat Samuel TildenTilden

Tilden won popular Tilden won popular vote, disputes in some vote, disputes in some states (FL, LA, SC, OR)states (FL, LA, SC, OR)

Disputed vote made Disputed vote made Hayes victorHayes victor

Election of 1876Election of 1876

1876 Election1876 Election Special committee Special committee

formed to choose formed to choose president: 8 president: 8 Republicans, 7 Republicans, 7 DemocratDemocrat

Hayes wins by 1 voteHayes wins by 1 vote Hayes ends Hayes ends

carpetbagger rule in carpetbagger rule in SouthSouth

Possibly paying off Possibly paying off promises in exchange promises in exchange for presidency?for presidency?

Assassination of a PresidentAssassination of a President

16 years after 16 years after Lincoln’s death, Lincoln’s death, another leader is another leader is assassinated.assassinated.

PresidentPresident James James GarfieldGarfield was in was in Washington preparing Washington preparing to give a speech.to give a speech.

On On July 2, 1881July 2, 1881, , Garfield was shot.Garfield was shot.

He lived for 80 daysHe lived for 80 days

Assassination of a PresidentAssassination of a President

Charles J. GuiteauCharles J. Guiteau killed Garfield killed Garfield Guiteau had been passed by for a job as Guiteau had been passed by for a job as

secretary of state; later hung.secretary of state; later hung. System of System of patronage patronage made it so that made it so that

people were appointed to government jobs people were appointed to government jobs in exchange for political supportin exchange for political support

Pendleton Civil Service ActPendleton Civil Service Act is passed to is passed to establish a series of tests to select the establish a series of tests to select the best qualified person for a jobbest qualified person for a job

Spanish American WarSpanish American War America seeks to America seeks to

expandexpand Spain owns Cuba, Spain owns Cuba,

American wants itAmerican wants it MaineMaine explodes in explodes in

Havanna harbor on Havanna harbor on February 15, 1898.February 15, 1898.

Revenge is Revenge is encouraged by encouraged by newspapers; newspapers; “Remember the “Remember the Maine!”Maine!”

McKinley asks McKinley asks Congress to interveneCongress to intervene

Spanish American WarSpanish American War Congress believed Congress believed

Cuba should be Cuba should be independentindependent

American would American would intercede to establish intercede to establish peace (Monroe peace (Monroe Doctrine)Doctrine)

December 1898 treaty December 1898 treaty is signedis signed

Spain gives up Cuba, Spain gives up Cuba, Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam Philippines, and Guam for $20 millionfor $20 million

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism ““Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates

the news to create sensations and attract the news to create sensations and attract readers.” readers.” http://http://www.answers.comwww.answers.com/topic/yellow-journalism/topic/yellow-journalism

Method of reporting often attributed to William Method of reporting often attributed to William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer.

Sparked by competition between their newspaper Sparked by competition between their newspaper businesses in the late 1800s.businesses in the late 1800s.

Both men used sensational headlines and Both men used sensational headlines and exaggerated stories to grab the attention of exaggerated stories to grab the attention of readers and, hopefully, outsell the other.readers and, hopefully, outsell the other.

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism Yellow Journalism is defined in five Yellow Journalism is defined in five

characteristics:characteristics:– scare headlines in huge print, often of minor scare headlines in huge print, often of minor

news news – lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings – use of faked interviews, misleading headlines, use of faked interviews, misleading headlines,

pseudo-science, and a parade of false learning pseudo-science, and a parade of false learning from so-called experts from so-called experts

– emphasis on full-color Sunday supplements, emphasis on full-color Sunday supplements, usually with comic strips (which is now normal usually with comic strips (which is now normal in the U.S.) in the U.S.)

– dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" against the system. against the system.

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

Rise of PopulistRise of Populist

Growth of country Growth of country means need for more means need for more farm products.farm products.

Farmers must work Farmers must work hard and take many hard and take many risks.risks.

Southern farmers are Southern farmers are tired and poor.tired and poor.

GrangeGrange is formed is formed from group called from group called Patrons of Husbandry.Patrons of Husbandry.

GrangeGrange

Grange starts as Grange starts as social club.social club.

Becomes more Becomes more political, pressures political, pressures legislature for state legislature for state department.department.

1874 Georgia is 1874 Georgia is first state to have first state to have government government agency for farming.agency for farming.

Farmer’s AllianceFarmer’s Alliance

Formed in late 1870’s and early Formed in late 1870’s and early 1880’s1880’s

Often formed co-ops with business to Often formed co-ops with business to buy goods at wholesale pricesbuy goods at wholesale prices

Grew in political forceGrew in political force– Against high railroad freight taxesAgainst high railroad freight taxes– High interest rates from banksHigh interest rates from banks– ““tight money” policytight money” policy

Populist PartyPopulist Party

Labor party joins with Labor party joins with Farmer’s AllianceFarmer’s Alliance

Call themselves Call themselves People’s Party, soon People’s Party, soon were called were called Populist Populist partyparty

First order of business: First order of business: protest!protest!

Wanted reforms in Wanted reforms in many areasmany areas

Populist Party ReformsPopulist Party Reforms

8 hour work day8 hour work day Direct election of senatorsDirect election of senators Restrictions on immigrationRestrictions on immigration Government owned railroads, Government owned railroads,

telephone and telegraph servicestelephone and telegraph services Use of Australian ballot (government Use of Australian ballot (government

printed, not party printed, kept in printed, not party printed, kept in sealed box)sealed box)

Tom WatsonTom Watson Congressman from Congressman from

Georgia, lost bid for Georgia, lost bid for re-election. Ran for re-election. Ran for President.President.

PollsPolls (voting places) (voting places) did not turn up did not turn up positive results for positive results for longer careerlonger career

Leader of national Leader of national Populist movement.Populist movement.

Originally a DemocratOriginally a Democrat Best known for Best known for

legislation on legislation on Rural Rural Free DeliveryFree Delivery bill. bill.

Rural Free Delivery BillRural Free Delivery Bill

RFD required RFD required postal service to postal service to budget $10,000 for budget $10,000 for free delivery of free delivery of mail to rural areasmail to rural areas

Before RFD, Before RFD, farmers had to go farmers had to go to town to get mailto town to get mail

Took years to put Took years to put into placeinto place

Technology RisesTechnology Rises

Important Important advancements are advancements are made during turn of made during turn of the century.the century.

U.S. Patent OfficeU.S. Patent Office, , which registers and which registers and protects new protects new inventions, is flooded inventions, is flooded with ideas.with ideas.

Electricity changes the Electricity changes the face of patents.face of patents.

New InventionsNew Inventions Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell invents the telephone. invents the telephone. Telephones usage climbs rapidly—1,335,991 just Telephones usage climbs rapidly—1,335,991 just

19 years after introduction. 19 years after introduction. Thomas EdisonThomas Edison invents light bulb, among other invents light bulb, among other

inventions.inventions.

New InventionsNew Inventions

Many scientific advances by French Many scientific advances by French biologist biologist Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur– Vaccine for chicken choleraVaccine for chicken cholera– Vaccine against rabiesVaccine against rabies

Most well known for developing Most well known for developing pasteurizationpasteurization. .

This process involved heating milk to a This process involved heating milk to a high temperature to kill bacteria, then high temperature to kill bacteria, then putting milk in sterile bottle and sealing putting milk in sterile bottle and sealing the top.the top.

TransportationTransportation

Transportation Transportation changes with electric changes with electric street trolley.street trolley.

Rapid transit leads to Rapid transit leads to creation of creation of suburbssuburbs (communities on (communities on outskirts of cities).outskirts of cities).

Henry FordHenry Ford develops develops first practical car first practical car available to middle available to middle class.class.

Rise of IndustryRise of Industry

Henry Grady had encouraged the Henry Grady had encouraged the South to use industry to improve lifeSouth to use industry to improve life

Industry ofIndustry of textiles textiles, woven , woven materials, begin rising steadily.materials, begin rising steadily.

Built along fall lines at Augusta, Built along fall lines at Augusta, Macon, and Columbus.Macon, and Columbus.

Life is not easy in the mills, but many Life is not easy in the mills, but many make their living there.make their living there.

Rise of IndustryRise of Industry

Rise of BusinessRise of Business Two important Two important

business rise out of business rise out of Atlanta.Atlanta.

Morris RichMorris Rich, a , a Hungarian immigrant, Hungarian immigrant, built a small business built a small business near a railroad station.near a railroad station.

As his business grew, As his business grew, Rich would often trade Rich would often trade goods if a patron goods if a patron couldn’t pay.couldn’t pay.

Morris RichMorris Rich

During the During the Depression, he Depression, he accepted accepted scripscrip from teachers, from teachers, paper money not paper money not worth anything.worth anything.

Famous for his Famous for his annual lighting of annual lighting of the Christmas tree.the Christmas tree.

Store is known Store is known today as Rich’s.today as Rich’s.

Coca-ColaCoca-Cola

Began by pharmacist Began by pharmacist John Styth John Styth Pemberton.Pemberton.

There was alcohol in his original There was alcohol in his original formula, as well as extracts of the formula, as well as extracts of the same plant that makes cocaine.same plant that makes cocaine.

Temperance movement made Fulton Temperance movement made Fulton County a County a dry countydry county—no alcohol.—no alcohol.

Named Named Coca ColaCoca Cola after two main after two main ingredients.ingredients.

Coca ColaCoca Cola By chance, a local By chance, a local

soda fountain man soda fountain man added soda water to added soda water to Pemberton’s formulaPemberton’s formula

Pemberton’s mix was Pemberton’s mix was meant to cure meant to cure headachesheadaches

Willie Venable didn’t Willie Venable didn’t want to walk to the want to walk to the end of the counter to end of the counter to add tap water to add tap water to formula—customer formula—customer loved it!loved it!

Coca ColaCoca Cola

Pemberton gets sick, sells 2/3 of company Pemberton gets sick, sells 2/3 of company to Venable.to Venable.

Later, Later, Asa CandlerAsa Candler bought all of Coca bought all of Coca Cola’s stock for $2,300.Cola’s stock for $2,300.

Drink grew more popular—later sold to Drink grew more popular—later sold to Ernest WoodruffErnest Woodruff for $25 million. for $25 million.

Largest business deal in South at the time!Largest business deal in South at the time! Now an international billion dollar industry.Now an international billion dollar industry.

EducationEducation

1868 constitution approved free 1868 constitution approved free public education.public education.

However, little support exists for However, little support exists for education.education.

Parents need children to work.Parents need children to work. Gustavus Orr works to establish Gustavus Orr works to establish

better school systems by improving better school systems by improving funding and equality.funding and equality.

EducationEducation James Hook establishes James Hook establishes normal schoolsnormal schools, or , or

teacher training schools,.teacher training schools,. Very few teachers went to college.Very few teachers went to college. Most finished school then took a test, paid very Most finished school then took a test, paid very

little for services.little for services. (See pg. 371 for teacher duties)(See pg. 371 for teacher duties)

EducationEducation

Three month schoolThree month school year is established for year is established for students.students.

Met two basic needs: Met two basic needs: 1) let children get an 1) let children get an education 2) let education 2) let children workchildren work

Held at different times Held at different times of the year for of the year for different countiesdifferent counties

Teachers could travel.Teachers could travel.

Sidney LanierSidney Lanier

Two famous Georgia Two famous Georgia writers emerge in writers emerge in early 20early 20thth century. century.

Sidney LanierSidney Lanier was was from Macon.from Macon.

Well known for his Well known for his poetry, most famous poetry, most famous work is “Sunrise.”work is “Sunrise.”

Lake Lanier is named Lake Lanier is named for him.for him.

HarrisHarris Joel Chandler Harris Joel Chandler Harris

was from Eatonton. was from Eatonton. He would listen to He would listen to

tales from workers on tales from workers on plantation, later wrote plantation, later wrote for newspapers.for newspapers.

Uncle RemusUncle Remus stories stories were his most famouswere his most famous—inspired by dialect of —inspired by dialect of workers.workers.

Very shy.Very shy. Wrote mostly from Wrote mostly from

Atlanta home called Atlanta home called Wren’s NestWren’s Nest. .