Unit 7_the Secondary Sector
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Transcript of Unit 7_the Secondary Sector
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Unit 7: Industry
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What is industry?
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Secondary activitiesconsist ofconstruction and
industry
Construction refers tothe construction of
buildings andinfraestructures.
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Industry transforms raw materials into
finished or semi-finished products.
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Industrial System
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RAW MATERIALS
They can be of Animal origin
Milk
wool Vegetable
Cotton
linen
Artificial origin. Nylon
plasticNylon
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Energy sources
Non-renewable
Renewable.
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Human resources
Developedcountries. Working hours
controlled.
Freedom ofassociation.
Right to strike
Paid holidays
Unemploymentbenefits.
Health insurance.
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Underdeveloped countries.
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Capital
This is the money that is invested to startthe business. The amount of capital willdetermine the size and location of the
factory.
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Size
Small Medium Large
-50 50-250 To merge and join together
Vertical integration
Horizontal integration
Private companies
Individual
Collective
State Mixed
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Types of industry
Heavy industry
Capital goodsindustry
Light industry orconsumer goodsindustry.
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Heavy industry Transforms raw
materials into semi-finished products. High investment
Located close todeposits of rawmaterials and energy
sources. Very contaminating.
Need large spaces fortheir facilities.
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Metallurgical industry
Manufacturesmetal and metalproducts.
Siderurgicalindustryproduces steeland iron.
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China
Brazil
Australia
India
China
Europe
USA
Russia
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Aluminium
Very important for other industries
Shipbuilding
Automobile
High-tension power lines
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Copper
Used in
electrical
Automobile
Aeronautical industry
http://www.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/NatCopper.jpg/250px-NatCopper.jpg&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper&usg=__QnOLuYQD4X331VhZ9tT4kMJJFSo=&h=237&w=250&sz=17&hl=es&start=1&zoom=1&tbnid=Hes_CywBuQS25M:&tbnh=105&tbnw=111&ei=6No8T8KaLsfKhAfrz4DdBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcopper%26um%3D1%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DN%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1 -
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Heavy chemical industry
Important for other industries
Sulphures
Acid
Nitrogen
Phosphates
Caustic soda
Derivates of coal and oil
http://www.google.es/imgres?imgurl=http://www.causticsodasupplier.com/photo/pl19416-caustic_soda_flake.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.causticsodasupplier.com/china-caustic_soda_flake-17397.html&usg=__Rg2981zBE5osZCuSLbL2JIHjzss=&h=375&w=500&sz=53&hl=es&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=sDSQ24YS0T52wM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&ei=_to8T8XHIMbRhAf5kO3YBQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3DCaustic%2Bsoda%26um%3D1%26hl%3Des%26sa%3DN%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1 -
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Capital goods industry (bienes deequipo)
Transforms semi-finished products fromheavy industry into finished goods andproducts.
Main industries
High technology
Aerospace
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Concentrated in
USA Some countries of
Europe
Russia Japan
Southeast Asia
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Light industry or consumer goodsindustry
Makes products for direct consumption
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Characteristics.
Consumes fewer rawmaterials and energyresources than heavyindustry and capitalgoods industry.
Less contaminating,but modifies natural
space bc itsconcentrated inspecific areas
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Located near cities and transport links
Size can vary.
Different types Food
Light
Chemical Electronics
Computing
Textiles
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Food industry
Transforms and manipulates vegetable,meat, fish and dairy products.
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Automobile industry
Manufactures industrial vehicles and forindividual use
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Light chemical industry
Manufactures pharmauceutical,photographic, cosmetic products andplastics.
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Electronics and computing industry
Manufactures equipment like TV, phones,computers, multimedia recorders, players(MP3, DVDs)
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Textile industry
Groups activities like spinning andweaving, making clothes and otherarticles.
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Industrial space-factors
Proximity to rawmaterials and energysources.
Companies which uselarge quantities of anatural resourcelocate their industriesnear the productioncentres of thisresource.
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Existence of population Consumers
The most heavilypopulated areas and citiesattract industries andespecially consumerindustries.
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Workers
Industries which need cheap and plentiful labourare usually located in underdeveloped countries.
Industries which need well qualified labour are
located in cities in industrialised countries.
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Means of transport andcommunication.
Industries which move large quantities ofmerchandise or perishable merchandise arelocated near communications networks.
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Economic development of the area and
presence of other industries.
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There are otherfactors such as beingfamiliar with the area,the quality of the
environment, more orless favourablelabour andenvironmental laws,financial incentives
and even thepersonal opinions ofthe industrialists.
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Types of industrial space
Dispersed Grouped spaces
Industrial Technology parks
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Changes in industrial production
Changes in theprocesses ofindustrialproduction.
Robotisation ofassembly linesof industrial
production
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Constant innovations
RDI (research+development+innovation)
New materials
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New materials
More ecological and betterquality products
Biopol (biodegradable plastic)
Nomex (Plastic that can resist hightemp.)
The use of recycled metal: Scrap
metal to manufacture steel.
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Main industrial areas in the world USA and Canada
BTW the Great Lakesand the Atlantic coast
South
West Abundance of natural
resources
Qualified workers
Advanced technology Concentration of capital
Wide communicationsnetwork.
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Latin America Industrial development is based on the abudance
of mines and human resources Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico and Chile
Iron, Steel, Copper, Heavy chemicals, cement andmachinery
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Europe: UE Industries are closed to mines and ports.
Iron, steel, aeronautics, aerospace,automobiles, textiles, chemicals, food.
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Europe: Russian Federation
Industrial development based on energysteel, heavy chemicals, aeronautics,timber.
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Asia. Japan
Qualified workers+research+low price ofproducts.
Iron, steel, shipbuilding, textiles, food,
electronics, computing, automobiles.
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Asia. China
Abundance of labour and naturalresources.
Iron, steel, heavy chemicals, textiles,automobiles and food.
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Asia. Newly industrialised countries(NICs)
Automobiles, Textiles, electrics,electronics, computing, photography,pharmaceuticals, food.
WHAT ARE NEWLY
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WHAT ARE NEWLYINDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES?
Countries that have undergone rapid andsuccessful industrialisation are callednewly industrialised countries or NICs.
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The countries of eastern Asia haveenjoyed the most spectacular growth.
The greatest increase has been in SouthKorea, Taiwan and Singapore, whichbecame known as the three Tigers.
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Asia. India
Abundance of raw materials and energysources
Iron, steel, automobiles, textiles
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Africa. South Africa Iron and steel, chemicals, textiles, food.
The most industrialised area
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Africa. Central Africa
Not much industrialised.
Metallurgical, timber, food.
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Africa. North Africa
Recent industrialisation. Heavy chemical, food and textiles.
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Oceania. Australia
Concentrated in ports and near big cities.
Iron, steel, aluminium, transport materials,chemicals and food.
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Oceania. New Zealand
Not as developed as in Australia.
Aluminium, food, textiles and electronics.
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Environmental consequences
Corrective measures: sustainabledevelopment.
Economic growth+protection of environment.
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Negative effects
Acid rain.
Greenhouse effect
Reduction of the ozonelayer.
Overexploitation ofnatural resources.
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Corrective measures
Clean technology: purification systems,filters, etc.
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Recycling and biodegradable materials.
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Preventive measures: environmentalimpact studies.
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Rehabilitation of degraded or abandonedindustrial areas.
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Reduction in the consumption of resourcesand recycling of waste.
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Energy saving and use of renewable
energy sources.
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Ecology groups andorganisations take actions to
protect the environment