Unit 7: The Reconstruction PeriodSS8H6: The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia.c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan.

Homework for February 25, 2013

• Writing Prompt Topic: Why was Andersonville the most notorious prison of the Civil War?

Warm-up for 2/26/13

• Discussion Question-If you were the President of the United States of America in 1865, what kind of punishment(s) would you give members of the Confederate States of America’s government and military for seceding from the Union? Please be prepared to share your response with the class.

Reconstruction Period

• It took place from 1865 to 1877.• It was the period of rebuilding the South physically,

economically, and politically after the Civil War.• Due to damages caused by the war, the South’s

railroads, cities and towns were in ruins.• There were food shortages. Also, limited housing

and clothing.• Freedmen (former slaves) and Southern whites

needed help.

Freemen’s Bureau

• Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau to help freedmen (former slaves) and poor whites to get:

1. food2. Clothing3. Shelter4. Education

• The Freedmen’s Bureau and religious created colleges for black in the South:

1. 1865-Morehouse College was created

2. 1865-Atlanta University was created (Presently called Clark College)

Reconstruction Period Facts to Know• When President Lincoln was assassinated, Vice

President Andrew Johnson became the President of the USA.

• Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan requirements for Southern States were:

1. Southerners owning more than $20,000 in property had to ask him directly for permission to take the oath of loyalty.

2. Ratify (approve) the 13th Amendment (Slavery not allowed in the USA)

3. Cancel the Ordinance of Secession (Rejoin the USA)4. Each Southern state had to write a new

Constitution with a section abolishing (ending) slavery.

• Radical Republicans in Washington, D.C. wanted more punishments for the South.

President Andrew Johnson

Reconstruction Period Facts to Know• Planters desperately needed

workers to grow and harvest crops, so they hired:

1. Sharecroppers-Contracted workers who farmed a plot of land for the landowner and received a portion of the crop.

2. Tenant Farmers-Farmed the land of landowner, but paid rent with cash or with a portion of the crops. They owned their own equipment and farm animals.

• The following amendments were added to the U.S. Constitution:

A. 13th Amendment-Banned slavery in the USA (1865).

B. 14th Amendment-All persons born in the USA are citizens of the USA (1866).

C. 15th Amendment-All male citizens of the USA are allowed to vote (no matter their race, 1870).

• Henry McNeal Turner, an African American, was elected a Georgia senator in 1868 for the General Assembly.

• Ku Klux Klan was created in 1866 by Confederate war veterans who used terror and violence to keep freedmen from voting, holding political office, and exercising their constitutional rights.

Henry McNeal Turner

3-2-1 Response

• What were the 3 ways that the South had to rebuild itself after the war?

• What were the 2 types of workers that planters hired to grow and harvest crops after the war?

• What was the 1 agency created by Congress to help freed slaves and poor whites after the war?

Reconstruction Period-Web QuestUse the Internet to answer the following questions:

1. Study the picture at http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/Destruction-Shermans-Atlanta-Georgi.htm and specifically describe the destruction that you see.

2. According to David Blight at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/carpetbagger/sf_building.html#a, what made rebuilding so hard?

3. What were the economic differences in terms of farms, value of farm land, number of factories, and value of manufactured products in Georgia between 1860 and 1870 (view http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reconstruction/states/sf_states_pop_ga.html)?

4. According to http://www.kingtisdell.org/freedmen.html how did the Freemen’s Bureau in Georgia help freed blacks and whites? Provide three examples.

5. Who was Henry McNeal Turner? Provide three significant facts about him from http://www.kingtisdell.org/hmturner.htm.