Unit #7: Southwest Asia

Unit #7: Southwest AsiaUnit #7: Southwest Asia

The Middle EastThe Middle East

Take Five…Take Five…

What is the largest country in Southwest What is the largest country in Southwest Asia?Asia?

Chp 21: Physical GeographyChp 21: Physical Geography

The Land bridge to the worldThe Land bridge to the world Peninsulas Peninsulas

Arabian PeninsulaArabian Peninsula• Bordered by the Red Sea & Persian GulfBordered by the Red Sea & Persian Gulf

Anatolian PeninsulaAnatolian Peninsula• Bordered by the Black Sea & Mediterranean SeaBordered by the Black Sea & Mediterranean Sea

Wally Points…Wally Points…

Why is the Suez canal so important? What Why is the Suez canal so important? What other waterways are highly sought after in other waterways are highly sought after in the Middle East?the Middle East?

Trade and TransportationTrade and Transportation

The Suez CanalThe Suez Canal The Bosporus StraitThe Bosporus Strait The Dardanelles StraitThe Dardanelles Strait Straits of HormuzStraits of Hormuz

Only waterway access to oilfields of KuwaitOnly waterway access to oilfields of Kuwait

Plains and HighlandsPlains and Highlands

Arabian peninsula covered in barren plainsArabian peninsula covered in barren plains Wadis=wet weather riverbedsWadis=wet weather riverbeds Hejaz MountainsHejaz Mountains Nomadic lifestyles in search of waterNomadic lifestyles in search of water

Iran = plateau surrounded by mountains Iran = plateau surrounded by mountains Dry desert conditionsDry desert conditions

Anatolian peninsula = plateauAnatolian peninsula = plateau Northern plain of AfghanistanNorthern plain of Afghanistan

Adequate water resources and rainfallAdequate water resources and rainfall Surrounded by high mountainsSurrounded by high mountains

MountainsMountains

Afghanistan isolated by mountain ranges Afghanistan isolated by mountain ranges of Hindu Kushof Hindu Kush

Zagros Mountains isolate Iran from rest of Zagros Mountains isolate Iran from rest of Southwest AsiaSouthwest Asia

Elburz Mountains cut off the Caspian Sea Elburz Mountains cut off the Caspian Sea from Iranfrom Iran

Taurus Mountains isolate TurkeyTaurus Mountains isolate Turkey Importance of water routesImportance of water routes

Take FiveTake Five

Why do you think Afghanistan makes a Why do you think Afghanistan makes a good training center for terrorists? Why is good training center for terrorists? Why is it difficult for U.S. troops to locate them?it difficult for U.S. troops to locate them?

AfghanistanAfghanistan

Afghanistan TerroristsAfghanistan Terrorists

Osama BinOsama Bin

LadenLaden

Rivers and Other Bodies of WaterRivers and Other Bodies of Water

Bodies of Water in the Middle EastBodies of Water in the Middle East

Tigris and Euphrates RiversTigris and Euphrates Rivers Fertile Crescent Fertile Crescent

Jordan RiverJordan River Provides water for regionProvides water for region Provides a boundary between Israel & JordanProvides a boundary between Israel & Jordan

Dead SeaDead Sea High salt concentrationHigh salt concentration Only bacteria lives hereOnly bacteria lives here

Fertile Crescent Fertile Crescent

Dead SeaDead Sea

The “Bus”…only ours was red!The “Bus”…only ours was red!

In Class AssignmentIn Class Assignment

Work in assigned groups to create an Work in assigned groups to create an informational report (2-5 minutes) which you will informational report (2-5 minutes) which you will report to the class.report to the class.

Your report will be based upon a specific country Your report will be based upon a specific country in Southwest Asia and will discuss the specific in Southwest Asia and will discuss the specific needs of your country in terms of its landforms, needs of your country in terms of its landforms, climate and natural resources. What advantages climate and natural resources. What advantages does your country have and what disadvantages does your country have and what disadvantages does your country have.does your country have.

Everyone needs a copy to place in your Everyone needs a copy to place in your portfoliosportfolios


What is the #1 resource in Southwest What is the #1 resource in Southwest Asia?Asia?

Natural Resources of Southwest Natural Resources of Southwest AsiaAsia

The region’s most abundant resource = oilThe region’s most abundant resource = oil & natural gas fields& natural gas fields½ the world’s oil reserves are located in ½ the world’s oil reserves are located in

Southwest AsiaSouthwest AsiaWater is a very valuable resourceWater is a very valuable resource

Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric powerConservation in some arid regionsConservation in some arid regions

Other resources: coal, metallic minerals, saltOther resources: coal, metallic minerals, salt

Chp 2: Climate and VegetationChp 2: Climate and Vegetation

Arid landsArid lands Most of SW Asia receives less than 18 inches Most of SW Asia receives less than 18 inches

of water a yearof water a year Dry terrainDry terrain Plant and animal life that can exist on limited Plant and animal life that can exist on limited

water resourceswater resources


How do conditions in the desert restrict How do conditions in the desert restrict movement? movement?

Deserts Limit MovementDeserts Limit Movement

2 Types of Deserts: Sand and Salt2 Types of Deserts: Sand and Salt Rub al-Khali, An-Nafud, Syrian & Negev (Sand Rub al-Khali, An-Nafud, Syrian & Negev (Sand

deserts)deserts) Temperatures reaching 150 degrees in the summerTemperatures reaching 150 degrees in the summer Can go 10 years without rainCan go 10 years without rain Some scattered oasisSome scattered oasis

Dasht-e-Kavir & Dasht-e-Lut (Salt deserts)Dasht-e-Kavir & Dasht-e-Lut (Salt deserts) High mountains block rain and dry winds increase High mountains block rain and dry winds increase

evaporationevaporation

BedouinsBedouins

Bedouins Bedouins

Semiarid LandsSemiarid Lands

Regions that have enough rainfall to Regions that have enough rainfall to support the growing of grass and other support the growing of grass and other vegetationvegetation Cotton, wheat & grazing pasture landsCotton, wheat & grazing pasture lands

Coastal LandsCoastal Lands

Areas along the Mediterranean Coast Areas along the Mediterranean Coast have a climate that is hot in the summer have a climate that is hot in the summer and rainy in the winterand rainy in the winter Citrus fruits, olives and vegetables Citrus fruits, olives and vegetables

Olive FarmOlive Farm


Complete the map skills questions on pg. Complete the map skills questions on pg. 494.494.

Sec 3: Human Environment Sec 3: Human Environment InteractionInteraction

The Importance of WaterThe Importance of Water Not enough fresh water suppliesNot enough fresh water supplies Not enough consistent rainfallNot enough consistent rainfall Problem with finding and storing waterProblem with finding and storing water

• Dams and irrigation systems for large farmsDams and irrigation systems for large farms• Provide water and hydroelectricityProvide water and hydroelectricity• Collecting water from the mountain run offCollecting water from the mountain run off

So…why not import fresh water?So…why not import fresh water?

Prince Muhammad ibn Faisal

Wally Points…Wally Points…

So…if you build a dam to create So…if you build a dam to create hydroelectricity and provide water what’s hydroelectricity and provide water what’s wrong with this idea? Problems?wrong with this idea? Problems?

National Water Carrier ProjectNational Water Carrier Project

Potential political disputes because the Potential political disputes because the rivers flow through numerous countries rivers flow through numerous countries

Project first began in 1964Project first began in 1964 80% irrigation & 20% drinking water80% irrigation & 20% drinking water Now 20% irrigation & 80% drinking waterNow 20% irrigation & 80% drinking water

• Population growth, domestic usePopulation growth, domestic use

Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace (1994)=Israel agreed to provide 50 million (1994)=Israel agreed to provide 50 million cubic meters of water to Jordan each yearcubic meters of water to Jordan each year

National Water Carrier ProjectNational Water Carrier Project


Make a chart comparing the different types Make a chart comparing the different types of water resources on pg 496of water resources on pg 496

Modern Water TechnologyModern Water Technology

Drip irrigationDrip irrigation DesalinizationDesalinization Treatment of wastewaterTreatment of wastewater Fossil waterFossil water


Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg 498498

Oil from the SandOil from the Sand

SW Asia has ½ of the world’s production SW Asia has ½ of the world’s production of petroleumof petroleum

Over time, pressure builds and heat Over time, pressure builds and heat transforms decayed plant and animal life transforms decayed plant and animal life into hydrocarbonsinto hydrocarbons

Oil & natural gas are trapped inside of Oil & natural gas are trapped inside of rocks beneath the earth’s surfacerocks beneath the earth’s surface The more porous the rock, the more depositsThe more porous the rock, the more deposits

Exploration of Natural ResourcesExploration of Natural Resources

1908 in Persia (Iran)1908 in Persia (Iran) 1938 more oil discovered in Arabian 1938 more oil discovered in Arabian

Peninsula and Persian GulfPeninsula and Persian Gulf 1948-al-Ghawar—world’s largest oil fields1948-al-Ghawar—world’s largest oil fields ¼ of all of Saudi Arabia’s oil¼ of all of Saudi Arabia’s oil

Risks of Transporting OilRisks of Transporting Oil

Crude oil—not processed petroleumCrude oil—not processed petroleum Must be transported to a refineryMust be transported to a refinery

PipelinesPipelines Ports for transportPorts for transport Oil spillsOil spills

• 1991 Persian Gulf—oil storage supplies were 1991 Persian Gulf—oil storage supplies were destroyed during the Persian Gulf Wardestroyed during the Persian Gulf War

• Exxon Valdes in AlaskaExxon Valdes in Alaska

Unit #7: Southwest Asia

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