Unit 7
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Transcript of Unit 7
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Unit 7The Age of ExplorationChapter 14 section 1
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Motivations “Glory, God and Gold”
Gold: Spices (Marco Polo and Travels) Demand had risen as population recovered Why is the traditional overland trade route
now a problem? God: Chance to crusade against
heathens and spread Roman Catholic faith
Glory: Renaissance spirit of inquiry
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Innovation and Invention Maps (Cartography)
Prince Henry the Navigator The Astrolabe (latitude) was
improved upon by the Quadrant in around 1460 Compass (improving since the 13th
century) Better vessels called Caravels
triangle sails, fixed rudders, wider hulls Armaments
Better cannons
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Portuguese are the first Led by Prince
Henry Redesigned
ships, made maps, trained sailors at school in Sagres
Bartholomeu Dias: Southern most tip of Africa (1488)
Vasco da Gama: First to reach India; established trading in India (1498)
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Christopher Columbus Spain wants in on trade
profits Sail West to get East 1492 Ferdinand and Isabella
give him 3 ships Depart Aug 3rd
Scurvy, misery Arrive at San Salvador
October 12th 1492
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The voyages of Columbus
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Dividing the World Spain and Portugal
agree to the Line of Demarcation in 1493 Portugal gets the East
and Spain the West The Treaty of
Tordesillas in 1494 gave Brazil to Portugal Pedro Cabral claimed it
for Portugal in 1500
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Ferdinand Magellan September 1519 set out for
a 2 year voyage to circumnavigate Portuguese but working for
Spain 5 ships 285 men
November 1520 3 ships enter the Strait of Magellan and sail into the Pacific Ocean
March 1521 reach the Philippines Magellan killed
September 8th 1522 18 men and 1 ship return home
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Unit 8The Age of ExplorationChapter 15 sections 2
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The Spanish Empire Conquistadores
1519 Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztecs and Montezuma (Mexico)
How? (Malinche) 1532 Francisco
Pizarro Defeats the Incas and Atahualpa (Peru)
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The Spanish Model of Colonization
Policies Viceroys royal
governors tight control
No women except natives
Why? Wealth based on
exploitation of natives and then Africans (by 1542)
Slavery, forced conversion
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Impacts of Spanish colonization
Destruction of native language, culture and religion
“Columbian exchange” New social structure
Penninsulares, Creole Mestizo / Mulattoe Native Indian / African
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Unit 7The Age of ExplorationChapter 14 section 2
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The Northwest Passage 1497 John Cabot sent by Henry VIII to
look for a route over N. America to the East Newfoundland (Grand Banks)
1535 Jacques Cartier and (France) Samuel De Champlain
Henry Hudson 1609 had claimed New Amsterdam for
the Dutch Hudson Bay
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Other models of colonization
English Roanoke 1585 Jamestown 1607
Native policies
Economic activities
Government Allowed families
French Quebec 1608 Down Mississippi to
LA.
Native policies
Economic activities
Government Sent 700 Single Women
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Columbian Exchange